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Soudthedlath K, Nakamura T, Ushiwatari T, Fukazawa J, Osakabe K, Osakabe Y, Maruyama-Nakashita A. SULTR2;1 Adjusts the Bolting Timing by Transporting Sulfate from Rosette Leaves to the Primary Stem. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:770-780. [PMID: 38424724 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and metabolism. SULTR2;1 is a low-affinity sulfate transporter facilitating the long-distance transport of sulfate in Arabidopsis. The physiological function of SULTR2;1 in the plant life cycle still needs to be determined. Therefore, we analyzed the sulfate transport, S-containing metabolite accumulation and plant growth using Arabidopsis SULTR2;1 disruption lines, sultr2;1-1 and sultr2;1-2, from seedling to mature growth stages to clarify the metabolic and physiological roles of SULTR2;1. We observed that sulfate distribution to the stems was affected in sultr2;1 mutants, resulting in decreased levels of sulfate, cysteine, glutathione (GSH) and total S in the stems, flowers and siliques; however, the GSH levels increased in the rosette leaves. This suggested the essential role of SULTR2;1 in sulfate transport from rosette leaves to the primary stem. In addition, sultr2;1 mutants unexpectedly bolted earlier than the wild-type without affecting the plant biomass. Correlation between GSH levels in rosette leaves and the bolting timing suggested that the rosette leaf GSH levels or limited sulfate transport to the early stem can trigger bolting. Overall, this study demonstrated the critical roles of SULTR2;1 in maintaining the S metabolite levels in the aerial part and transitioning from the vegetative to the reproductive growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamsalath Soudthedlath
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Vientiane 01170, Laos
| | - Toshiki Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ushiwatari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Jutarou Fukazawa
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528 Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Tokyo, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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Dai WY, Han L, Li PF, Li QD, Xie LJ, Liu CY, Kong JR, Jia R, Li DY, Yang GP. The sulfate assimilation and reduction of marine microalgae and the regulation of illumination. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106156. [PMID: 37660481 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the sulfate assimilation and reduction process and the regulation of illumination, diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae were selected for continuous simulation incubation under different photon flux densities (PFDs) (54, 108 and 162 μmol photons m-2 s-1), and concentration variations of related sulfur compounds sulfate, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylic acid (AA) in the culture system were observed. The optimal PFD for the growth of two microalgae was 108 μmol photons m-2 s-1. However, the maximum sulfate absorption occurred at 162 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for P. tricornutum and at 54 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for A. carterae. With the increase of PFD, the release of DMSP by P. tricornutum decreased while A. carterae increased. The largest release amount of DMS was 0.59 ± 0.05 fmol cells-1 for P. tricornutum and 2.61 ± 0.89 fmol cells-1 for A. carterae under their optimum growth light condition. The sulfate uptake of P. tricornutum was inhibited by the addition of amino acids, cysteine had a greater inhibitory effect than methionine, and the absorption process was controlled by light. The intermediate products of sulfur metabolism had an up-control effect on the sulfate uptake process of P. tricornutum. However, the addition of amino acids had no obvious effect on the sulfate absorption of A. carterae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lu Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Qin-Dao Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Li-Jun Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jun-Ru Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Iqbal N, Sehar Z, Fatma M, Khan S, Alvi AF, Mir IR, Masood A, Khan NA. Melatonin Reverses High-Temperature-Stress-Inhibited Photosynthesis in the Presence of Excess Sulfur by Modulating Ethylene Sensitivity in Mustard. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3160. [PMID: 37687406 PMCID: PMC10490298 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic, nontoxic, regulatory biomolecule with various functions in abiotic stress tolerance. It reverses the adverse effect of heat stress on photosynthesis in plants and helps with sulfur (S) assimilation. Our research objective aimed to find the influence of melatonin, along with excess sulfur (2 mM SO42-), in reversing heat stress's impacts on the photosynthetic ability of the mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivar SS2, a cultivar with low ATP-sulfurylase activity and a low sulfate transport index (STI). Further, we aimed to substantiate that the effect was a result of ethylene modulation. Melatonin in the presence of excess-S (S) increased S-assimilation and the STI by increasing the ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) and serine acetyltransferase (SAT) activity of SS2, and it enhanced the content of cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met). Under heat stress, melatonin increased S-assimilation and diverted Cys towards the synthesis of more reduced glutathione (GSH), utilizing excess-S at the expense of less methionine and ethylene and resulting in plants' reduced sensitivity to stress ethylene. The treatment with melatonin plus excess-S increased antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic-S use efficiency (p-SUE), Rubisco activity, photosynthesis, and growth under heat stress. Further, plants receiving melatonin and excess-S in the presence of norbornadiene (NBD; an ethylene action inhibitor) under heat stress showed an inhibited STI and lower photosynthesis and growth. This suggested that ethylene was involved in the melatonin-mediated heat stress reversal effects on photosynthesis in plants. The interaction mechanism between melatonin and ethylene is still elusive. This study provides avenues to explore the melatonin-ethylene-S interaction for heat stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ameena Fatima Alvi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Iqbal R. Mir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Tseng YH, Bartram S, Reichelt M, Scholz SS, Meents AK, Ludwig A, Mithöfer A, Oelmüller R. Tris(methylthio)methane produced by Mortierella hyalina affects sulfur homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14202. [PMID: 35987806 PMCID: PMC9392766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatiles are important factors in symbiotic interactions with plants. Mortierella hyalina is a beneficial root-colonizing fungus with a garlic-like smell, and promotes growth of Arabidopsis seedlings. GC–MS analysis of the M. hyalina headspace and NMR analysis of the extracted essential oil identified the sulfur-containing volatile tris(methylthio)methane (TMTM) as the major compound. Incorporation of the sulfur from the fungal volatile into plant metabolism was shown by 34S labeling experiments. Under sulfur deficiency, TMTM down-regulated sulfur deficiency-responsive genes, prevented glucosinolate (GSL) and glutathione (GSH) diminishment, and sustained plant growth. However, excess TMTM led to accumulation of GSH and GSL and reduced plant growth. Since TMTM is not directly incorporated into cysteine, we propose that the volatile from M. hyalina influences the plant sulfur metabolism by interfering with the GSH metabolism, and alleviates sulfur imbalances under sulfur stress.
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de Bont L, Donnay N, Couturier J, Rouhier N. Redox regulation of enzymes involved in sulfate assimilation and in the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and glutathione in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:958490. [PMID: 36051294 PMCID: PMC9426629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.958490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is essential in plants because of its presence in numerous molecules including the two amino acids, cysteine, and methionine. Cysteine serves also for the synthesis of glutathione and provides sulfur to many other molecules including protein cofactors or vitamins. Plants absorb sulfate from their environment and assimilate it via a reductive pathway which involves, respectively, a series of transporters and enzymes belonging to multigenic families. A tight control is needed to adjust each enzymatic step to the cellular requirements because the whole pathway consumes energy and produces toxic/reactive compounds, notably sulfite and sulfide. Glutathione is known to regulate the activity of some intermediate enzymes. In particular, it provides electrons to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductases but also regulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase by reducing a regulatory disulfide. Recent proteomic data suggest a more extended post-translational redox control of the sulfate assimilation pathway enzymes and of some associated reactions, including the synthesis of both sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, and of glutathione. We have summarized in this review the known oxidative modifications affecting cysteine residues of the enzymes involved. In particular, a prominent regulatory role of protein persulfidation seems apparent, perhaps because sulfide produced by this pathway may react with oxidized thiol groups. However, the effect of persulfidation has almost not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda de Bont
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Natacha Donnay
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jérémy Couturier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75000, Paris, France
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Cimini S, Locato V, Giacinti V, Molinari M, De Gara L. A Multifactorial Regulation of Glutathione Metabolism behind Salt Tolerance in Rice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061114. [PMID: 35740011 PMCID: PMC9219684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the stress-induced metabolic alterations in tolerant and sensitive plants is pivotal for identifying interesting traits that improve plant resilience toward unfavorable environmental conditions. This represents a hot topic area of plant science, particularly for crops, due to its implication in food security. Two rice varieties showing dissimilar resistance to salt, Baldo and Vialone Nano, have been studied to investigate the mechanisms underpinning tolerance toward salinity, and these studies have focused on the root system. A detailed analysis of the salt stress-dependent modulation of the redox network is here presented. The different phenotype observed after salt exposure in the two rice varieties is coherent with a differential regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell-death patterns observed at root level. Baldo, the tolerant variety, already showed a highly responsive antioxidative capacity in control conditions. Consistently, stressed Baldo plants showed a different pattern of H2O2 accumulation compared to Vialone Nano. Moreover, glutathione metabolism was finely modulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels in Baldo. These results contribute to highlight the role of ROS and antioxidative pathways as a part of a complex redox network activated in rice toward salt stress.
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7
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Salbitani G, Perrone A, Rosati L, Laezza C, Carfagna S. Sulfur Starvation in Extremophilic Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria: Can Glutathione Contribute to Stress Tolerance? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040481. [PMID: 35214814 PMCID: PMC8877276 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the effects of sulfur (S) deprivation in cultures of Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae). Galdieria is a unicellular red alga that usually grows, forming biomats on rocks, in S-rich environments. These are volcanic areas, where S is widespread since H2S is the prevalent form of gas. The glutathione content in Galdieria sulphuraria is much higher than that found in the green algae and even under conditions of S deprivation for 7 days, it remains high. On the other hand, the S deprivation causes a decrease in the total protein content and a significant increase in soluble protein fraction. This suggests that in the conditions of S starvation, the synthesis of enzymatic proteins, that metabolically support the cell in the condition of nutritional stress, could be up regulated. Among these enzymatic proteins, those involved in cell detoxification, due to the accumulation of ROS species, have been counted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Salbitani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Angela Perrone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Carmen Laezza
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Simona Carfagna
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2538559
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8
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Günal S, Kopriva S. Measurement of flux through sulfate assimilation using [35S]sulfate. Methods Enzymol 2022; 676:197-209. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Kharwar S, Bhattacharjee S, Chakraborty S, Mishra AK. Regulation of sulfur metabolism, homeostasis and adaptive responses to sulfur limitation in cyanobacteria. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Yadav B, Jogawat A, Lal SK, Lakra N, Mehta S, Shabek N, Narayan OP. Plant mineral transport systems and the potential for crop improvement. PLANTA 2021; 253:45. [PMID: 33483879 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient transporter genes could be a potential candidate for improving crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The world's food supply is nearing a crisis in meeting the demands of an ever-growing global population, and an increase in both yield and nutrient value of major crops is vitally necessary to meet the increased population demand. Nutrients play an important role in plant metabolism as well as growth and development, and nutrient deficiency results in retarded plant growth and leads to reduced crop yield. A variety of cellular processes govern crop plant nutrient absorption from the soil. Among these, nutrient membrane transporters play an important role in the acquisition of nutrients from soil and transport of these nutrients to their target sites. In addition, as excess nutrient delivery has toxic effects on plant growth, these membrane transporters also play a significant role in the removal of excess nutrients in the crop plant. The key function provided by membrane transporters is the ability to supply the crop plant with an adequate level of tolerance against environmental stresses, such as soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity, drought, and pathogen attack. Membrane transporter genes have been utilized for the improvement of crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Further understanding of the basic mechanisms of nutrient transport in crop plants could facilitate the advanced design of engineered plant crops to achieve increased yield and improve nutrient quality through the use of genetic technologies as well as molecular breeding. This review is focused on nutrient toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in crop plants to aid in understanding and addressing the anticipated global food demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhimanyu Jogawat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, CCS HAU, Hisar, India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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11
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Kawai-Yamada M, Miyagi A, Sato Y, Hosoi Y, Hashida SN, Ishikawa T, Yamaguchi M. Altered metabolism of chloroplastic NAD kinase-overexpressing Arabidopsis in response to magnesium sulfate supplementation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1844509. [PMID: 33210985 PMCID: PMC7781788 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1844509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/NAD phosphate (NADPH) is essential for numerous redox reactions and serve as co-factors in multiple metabolic processes in all organisms. NAD kinase (NADK) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of NADP+ from NAD+ and ATP. Arabidopsis NADK2 (AtNADK2) is a chloroplast-localizing enzyme that provides recipients of reducing power in photosynthetic electron transfer. When Arabidopsis plants were grown on MS medium supplemented with 5 mM MgSO4, an AtNADK2-overexpressing line exhibited higher glutathione and total sulfur accumulation than control plants. Metabolomic analysis of major amino acids and organic acids using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry demonstrated that overexpression of AtNADK2 affected a range of metabolic processes in response to MgSO4 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Japan
| | - Yuki Hosoi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Hashida
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Japan
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12
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Dietzen C, Koprivova A, Whitcomb SJ, Langen G, Jobe TO, Hoefgen R, Kopriva S. The Transcription Factor EIL1 Participates in the Regulation of Sulfur-Deficiency Response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:2120-2136. [PMID: 33060195 PMCID: PMC7723090 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur, an indispensable constituent of many cellular components, is a growth-limiting macronutrient for plants. Thus, to successfully adapt to changing sulfur availability and environmental stress, a sulfur-deficiency response helps plants to cope with the limited supply. On the transcriptional level, this response is controlled by SULFUR LIMITATION1 (SLIM1), a member of the ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE (EIL) transcription factor family. In this study, we identified EIL1 as a second transcriptional activator regulating the sulfur-deficiency response, subordinate to SLIM1/EIL3. Our comprehensive RNA sequencing analysis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) allowed us to obtain a complete picture of the sulfur-deficiency response and quantify the contributions of these two transcription factors. We confirmed the key role of SLIM1/EIL3 in controlling the response, particularly in the roots, but showed that in leaves more than 50% of the response is independent of SLIM1/EIL3 and EIL1. RNA sequencing showed an additive contribution of EIL1 to the regulation of the sulfur-deficiency response but also identified genes specifically regulated through EIL1. SLIM1/EIL3 seems to have further functions (e.g. in the regulation of genes responsive to hypoxia or mediating defense at both low and normal sulfur supply). These results contribute to the dissection of mechanisms of the sulfur-deficiency response and provide additional possibilities to improve adaptation to sulfur-deficiency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Dietzen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Koprivova
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah J Whitcomb
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gregor Langen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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13
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Canales J, Uribe F, Henríquez-Valencia C, Lovazzano C, Medina J, Vidal EA. Transcriptomic analysis at organ and time scale reveals gene regulatory networks controlling the sulfate starvation response of Solanum lycopersicum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:385. [PMID: 32831040 PMCID: PMC7444261 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur is a major component of biological molecules and thus an essential element for plants. Deficiency of sulfate, the main source of sulfur in soils, negatively influences plant growth and crop yield. The effect of sulfate deficiency on plants has been well characterized at the physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic levels in Arabidopsis thaliana and a limited number of crop plants. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying sulfate deficiency in most plants. In this work we analyzed the impact of sulfate starvation on the transcriptome of tomato plants to identify regulatory networks and key transcriptional regulators at a temporal and organ scale. RESULTS Sulfate starvation reduces the growth of roots and leaves which is accompanied by major changes in the organ transcriptome, with the response being temporally earlier in roots than leaves. Comparative analysis showed that a major part of the Arabidopsis and tomato transcriptomic response to sulfate starvation is conserved between these plants and allowed for the identification of processes specifically regulated in tomato at the transcript level, including the control of internal phosphate levels. Integrative gene network analysis uncovered key transcription factors controlling the temporal expression of genes involved in sulfate assimilation, as well as cell cycle, cell division and photosynthesis during sulfate starvation in tomato roots and leaves. Interestingly, one of these transcription factors presents a high identity with SULFUR LIMITATION1, a central component of the sulfate starvation response in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results provide the first comprehensive catalog of sulfate-responsive genes in tomato, as well as novel regulatory targets for future functional analyses in tomato and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe Uribe
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Valencia
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Lovazzano
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena A Vidal
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Nakai Y, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Biosynthesis of Sulfur-Containing Small Biomolecules in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103470. [PMID: 32423011 PMCID: PMC7278922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element required for plant growth. It can be found as a thiol group of proteins or non-protein molecules, and as various sulfur-containing small biomolecules, including iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters, molybdenum cofactor (Moco), and sulfur-modified nucleotides. Thiol-mediated redox regulation has been well investigated, whereas biosynthesis pathways of the sulfur-containing small biomolecules have not yet been clearly described. In order to understand overall sulfur transfer processes in plant cells, it is important to elucidate the relationships among various sulfur delivery pathways as well as to investigate their interactions. In this review, we summarize the information from recent studies on the biosynthesis pathways of several sulfur-containing small biomolecules and the proteins participating in these processes. In addition, we show characteristic features of gene expression in Arabidopsis at the early stage of sulfate depletion from the medium, and we provide insights into sulfur transfer processes in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +81-72-684-6516
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
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15
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Yamaguchi C, Khamsalath S, Takimoto Y, Suyama A, Mori Y, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Maruyama-Nakashita A. SLIM1 Transcription Factor Promotes Sulfate Uptake and Distribution to Shoot, Along with Phytochelatin Accumulation, Under Cadmium Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9020163. [PMID: 32013219 PMCID: PMC7076661 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) assimilation, which is initiated by sulfate uptake, generates cysteine, the substrate for glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) synthesis. GSH and PC contribute to cadmium (Cd) detoxification by capturing it for sequestration. Although Cd exposure is known to induce the expression of S-assimilating enzyme genes, including sulfate transporters (SULTRs), mechanisms of their transcriptional regulation are not well understood. Transcription factor SLIM1 controls transcriptional changes during S deficiency (-S) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We examined the potential involvement of SLIM1 in inducing the S assimilation pathway and PC accumulation. Cd treatment reduced the shoot fresh weight in the sulfur limitation1 (slim1) mutant but not in the parental line (1;2PGN). Cd-induced increases of sulfate uptake and SULTR1;2 expressions were diminished in the slim1 mutant, suggesting that SLIM1 is involved in inducing sulfate uptake during Cd exposure. The GSH and PC levels were lower in slim1 than in the parental line, indicating that SLIM1 was required for increasing PC during Cd treatment. Hence, SLIM1 indirectly contributes to Cd tolerance of plants by inducing -S responses in the cell caused by depleting the GSH pool, which is consumed by enhanced PC synthesis and sequestration to the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 4 Akahira, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0198, Japan
| | - Soudthedlath Khamsalath
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Genetic Resources Division, Don Teaw village, KM 14 office, Tha Ngon Road, Xaythany district, Vientiane 01170, Laos
| | - Yuki Takimoto
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan;
| | - Akiko Suyama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Food and Fermentation Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Beppu University, 82 Kita-Ishigaki, Beppu, Oita 874-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-802-4712
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16
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Takahashi H. Sulfate transport systems in plants: functional diversity and molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory coordination. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4075-4087. [PMID: 30907420 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate transporters are integral membrane proteins controlling the flux of sulfate (SO42-) entering the cells and subcellular compartments across the membrane lipid bilayers. Sulfate uptake is a dynamic biological process that occurs in multiple cell layers and organs in plants. In vascular plants, sulfate ions are taken up from the soil environment to the outermost cell layers of roots and horizontally transferred to the vascular tissues for further distribution to distant organs. The amount of sulfate ions being metabolized in the cytosol and chloroplast/plastid or temporarily stored in the vacuole depends on expression levels and functionalities of sulfate transporters bound specifically to the plasma membrane, chloroplast/plastid envelopes, and tonoplast membrane. The entire system for sulfate homeostasis, therefore, requires different types of sulfate transporters to be expressed and coordinately regulated in specific organs, cell types, and subcellular compartments. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms control the expression levels and functions of sulfate transporters to optimize sulfate uptake and internal distribution in response to sulfate availability and demands for synthesis of organic sulfur metabolites. This review article provides an overview of sulfate transport systems and discusses their regulatory aspects investigated in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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17
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Nakajima T, Kawano Y, Ohtsu I, Maruyuama-Nakashita A, Allahham A, Sato M, Sawada Y, Hirai MY, Yokoyama T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Effects of Thiosulfate as a Sulfur Source on Plant Growth, Metabolites Accumulation and Gene Expression in Arabidopsis and Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1683-1701. [PMID: 31077319 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants are considered to absorb sulfur from their roots in the form of sulfate. In bacteria like Escherichia coli, thiosulfate is a preferred sulfur source. It is converted into cysteine (Cys). This transformation consumes less NADPH and ATP than sulfate assimilation into Cys. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thiosulfate promoted growth more than sulfate. In the present study, the availability of thiosulfate, the metabolite transformations and gene expressions it induces were investigated in Arabidopsis and rice as model dicots and monocots, respectively. In Arabidopsis, the thiosulfate-amended plants had lower biomass than those receiving sulfate when sulfur concentrations in the hydroponic medium were above 300 μM. In contrast, rice biomass was similar for plants raised on thiosulfate and sulfate at 300 μM sulfur. Therefore, both plants can use thiosulfate but it is a better sulfur source for rice. In both plants, thiosulfate levels significantly increased in roots following thiosulfate application, indicating that the plants absorbed thiosulfate into their root cells. Thiosulfate is metabolized in plants by a different pathway from that used for sulfate metabolism. Thiosulfate increases plant sulfide and cysteine persulfide levels which means that plants are in a more reduced state with thiosulfate than with sulfate. The microarray analysis of Arabidopsis roots revealed that 13 genes encoding Cys-rich proteins were upregulated more with thiosulfate than with sulfate. These results together with those of the widely targeted metabolomics analysis were used to proposes a thiosulfate assimilation pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Nakajima
- Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Alaa Allahham
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Kumar S, Khare R, Trivedi PK. Arsenic-responsive high-affinity rice sulphate transporter, OsSultr1;1, provides abiotic stress tolerance under limiting sulphur condition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:753-762. [PMID: 30965240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of a rice high-affinity sulphate transporter, OsSultr1;1, in maintaining sulphur demand under arsenic (As) stress has been investigated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant, YSD1, deficient in sulphur transport and Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing OsSultr1;1, were used to analyze different parameters. Complementation of YSD1 using OsSultr1;1 showed tolerance towards heavy metals. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing OsSultr1;1 developed a significant tolerance towards different abiotic stresses including heavy metals under sulphur limiting conditions. Transgenic lines showed 75-76% and 60-68% reduction in root length compared to 82% and 76% in wild type plants under arsenite [As(III); 10 μM] and arsenate [As(V); 100 μM] stress respectively. The analysis of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide indicated reduced oxidative burst in transgenic as compared to wild type plants under As stress. Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression of the genes associated with sulphur metabolism in the transgenic lines. A significant decrease (up to 50%) in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased glutathione (GSH) content in transgenic lines demonstrated better detoxification mechanism compared to wild type plants under As stress. We conclude that over-expression of high-affinity sulphate transporters may provide tolerance towards different abiotic stresses under limiting sulphur environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ria Khare
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India.
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19
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Kumar V, AlMomin S, Al-Shatti A, Al-Aqeel H, Al-Salameen F, Shajan AB, Nair SM. Enhancement of heavy metal tolerance and accumulation efficiency by expressing Arabidopsis ATP sulfurylase gene in alfalfa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1112-1121. [PMID: 31044606 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1606784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants overexpressing the Arabidopsis ATP sulfurylase gene were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation to enhance their heavy metal accumulation efficiency. The ATP sulfurylase gene was cloned from Arabidopsis, following exposure to vanadium (V) and lead (Pb), and transferred into an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector. This was co-cultivated with leaf explants of the alfalfa genotype Regen SY. Co-cultivated leaf explants were cultured on callus and somatic embryo induction medium, followed by regeneration medium for regenerating complete transgenic plants. The transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed using PCR and southern hybridization. The expression of Arabidopsis ATP sulfurylase gene in the transgenic plants was evaluated through RT-PCR. The selected transgenic lines showed increased tolerance to a mixture of five heavy metals and also demonstrated enhanced metal uptake ability under controlled conditions. The transgenic lines were fertile and did not exhibit any apparent morphological abnormality. The results of this study indicated an effective approach to improve the heavy metal accumulation ability of alfalfa plants which can then be used for the remediation of contaminated soil in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - S AlMomin
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - A Al-Shatti
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - H Al-Aqeel
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - F Al-Salameen
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - A B Shajan
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - S M Nair
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , Kuwait City , Kuwait
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20
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Anoman AD, Flores-Tornero M, Benstein RM, Blau S, Rosa-Téllez S, Bräutigam A, Fernie AR, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Schilasky S, Meyer AJ, Kopriva S, Segura J, Krueger S, Ros R. Deficiency in the Phosphorylated Pathway of Serine Biosynthesis Perturbs Sulfur Assimilation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:153-170. [PMID: 30787133 PMCID: PMC6501105 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the plant Phosphorylated Pathway of l-Ser Biosynthesis (PPSB) is essential for embryo and pollen development, and for root growth, its metabolic implications have not been fully investigated. A transcriptomics analysis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PPSB-deficient mutants at night, when PPSB activity is thought to be more important, suggested interaction with the sulfate assimilation process. Because sulfate assimilation occurs mainly in the light, we also investigated it in PPSB-deficient lines in the day. Key genes in the sulfate starvation response, such as the adenosine 5'phosphosulfate reductase genes, along with sulfate transporters, especially those involved in sulfate translocation in the plant, were induced in the PPSB-deficient lines. However, sulfate content was not reduced in these lines as compared with wild-type plants; besides the glutathione (GSH) steady-state levels in roots of PPSB-deficient lines were even higher than in wild type. This suggested that PPSB deficiency perturbs the sulfate assimilation process between tissues/organs. Alteration of thiol distribution in leaves from different developmental stages, and between aerial parts and roots in plants with reduced PPSB activity, provided evidence supporting this idea. Diminished PPSB activity caused an enhanced flux of 35S into thiol biosynthesis, especially in roots. GSH turnover also accelerated in the PPSB-deficient lines, supporting the notion that not only biosynthesis, but also transport and allocation, of thiols were perturbed in the PPSB mutants. Our results suggest that PPSB is required for sulfide assimilation in specific heterotrophic tissues and that a lack of PPSB activity perturbs sulfur homeostasis between photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand D Anoman
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Flores-Tornero
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ruben M Benstein
- Biocenter - Botanical Institute II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Samira Blau
- Biocenter - Botanical Institute II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Fakultät für Biologie Gebäude G (CebiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Sören Schilasky
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Biocenter - Botanical Institute II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Juan Segura
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Biocenter - Botanical Institute II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roc Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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21
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Schneider S, Schintlmeister A, Becana M, Wagner M, Woebken D, Wienkoop S. Sulfate is transported at significant rates through the symbiosome membrane and is crucial for nitrogenase biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1180-1189. [PMID: 30443991 PMCID: PMC6446814 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Legume-rhizobia symbioses play a major role in food production for an ever growing human population. In this symbiosis, dinitrogen is reduced ("fixed") to ammonia by the rhizobial nitrogenase enzyme complex and is secreted to the plant host cells, whereas dicarboxylic acids derived from photosynthetically produced sucrose are transported into the symbiosomes and serve as respiratory substrates for the bacteroids. The symbiosome membrane contains high levels of SST1 protein, a sulfate transporter. Sulfate is an essential nutrient for all living organisms, but its importance for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nodule metabolism has long been underestimated. Using chemical imaging, we demonstrate that the bacteroids take up 20-fold more sulfate than the nodule host cells. Furthermore, we show that nitrogenase biosynthesis relies on high levels of imported sulfate, making sulfur as essential as carbon for the regulation and functioning of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Our findings thus establish the importance of sulfate and its active transport for the plant-microbe interaction that is most relevant for agriculture and soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schneider
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Large‐Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Large‐Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dagmar Woebken
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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22
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O’Lexy R, Kasai K, Clark N, Fujiwara T, Sozzani R, Gallagher KL. Exposure to heavy metal stress triggers changes in plasmodesmatal permeability via deposition and breakdown of callose. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3715-3728. [PMID: 29901781 PMCID: PMC6022669 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Both plants and animals must contend with changes in their environment. The ability to respond appropriately to these changes often underlies the ability of the individual to survive. In plants, an early response to environmental stress is an alteration in plasmodesmatal permeability with accompanying changes in cell to cell signaling. However, the ways in which plasmodesmata are modified, the molecular players involved in this regulation, and the biological significance of these responses are not well understood. Here, we examine the effects of nutrient scarcity and excess on plasmodesmata-mediated transport in the Arabidopsis thaliana root and identify two CALLOSE SYNTHASES and two β-1,3-GLUCANASES as key regulators of these processes. Our results suggest that modification of plasmodesmata-mediated signaling underlies the ability of the plant to maintain root growth and properly partition nutrients when grown under conditions of excess nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthsabel O’Lexy
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Koji Kasai
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natalie Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly L Gallagher
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Correspondence:
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23
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Huang Q, Wang M, Xia Z. The SULTR gene family in maize (Zea mays L.): Gene cloning and expression analyses under sulfate starvation and abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:24-33. [PMID: 29145069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth, development and stress responses. The family of sulfate transporters (SULTRs) mediates the uptake and translocation of sulfate in higher plants. However, basic knowledge of the SULTR gene family in maize (Zea mays L.) is scarce. In this study, a genome-wide bioinformatic analysis of SULTR genes in maize was conducted, and the developmental expression patterns of the genes and their responses to sulfate starvation and abiotic stress were further investigated. The ZmSULTR family includes eight putative members in the maize genome and is clustered into four groups in the phylogenetic tree. These genes displayed differential expression patterns in various organs of maize. For example, expression of ZmSULTR1;1 and ZmSULTR4;1 was high in roots, and transcript levels of ZmSULTR3;1 and ZmSULTR3;3 were high in shoots. Expression of ZmSULTR1;2, ZmSULTR2;1, ZmSULTR3;3, and ZmSULTR4;1 was high in flowers. Also, these eight genes showed differential responses to sulfate deprivation in roots and shoots of maize seedlings. Transcript levels of ZmSULTR1;1, ZmSULTR1;2, and ZmSULTR3;4 were significantly increased in roots during 12-day-sulfate starvation stress, while ZmSULTR3;3 and ZmSULTR3;5 only showed an early response pattern in shoots. In addition, dynamic transcriptional changes determined via qPCR revealed differential expression profiles of these eight ZmSULTR genes in response to environmental stresses such as salt, drought, and heat stresses. Notably, all the genes, except for ZmSULTR3;3, were induced by drought and heat stresses. However, a few genes were induced by salt stress. Physiological determination showed that two important thiol-containing compounds, cysteine and glutathione, increased significantly under these abiotic stresses. The results suggest that members of the SULTR family might function in adaptations to sulfur deficiency stress and adverse growing environments. This study will lay a foundation for better understanding the functional diversity of the SULTR family and exploring genes of interest for genetic improvement of sulfur use efficiency in cereal crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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Khare R, Kumar S, Shukla T, Ranjan A, Trivedi PK. Differential sulphur assimilation mechanism regulates response of Arabidopsis thaliana natural variation towards arsenic stress under limiting sulphur condition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 337:198-207. [PMID: 28525880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element, which imposes threat to crops productivity and human health through contaminated food chain. As a part of detoxification mechanism, As is chelated and sequestered into the vacuoles via sulphur containing compounds glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs). Under limiting sulphur (LS) conditions, exposure of As leads to enhanced toxic effects in plants. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to understand molecular mechanisms involved in As stress response under sulphur deficiency conditions in plants. In recent years, natural variation has been utilized to explore the genetic determinants linked to plant development and stress response. In this study, natural variation in Arabidopsis has been utilized to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying LS and As(III) stress response. Analysis of different accession of Arabidopsis led to the identification of Koz2-2 and Ri-0 as the most tolerant and sensitive accessions, respectively, towards As(III) and LS+As(III) stress. Biochemical analysis and expression profiling of the genes responsible for sulphur transport and assimilation as well as metal detoxification and accumulation revealed significantly enhanced sulphur assimilation mechanism in Koz2-2 as compared to Ri-0. Analyses suggest that genetic variation regulates differential response of accessions towards As(III) under LS condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Khare
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Smita Kumar
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
| | - Tapsi Shukla
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Avriti Ranjan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India.
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Tsutsui H, Notaguchi M. The Use of Grafting to Study Systemic Signaling in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1291-1301. [PMID: 28961994 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Grafting has long been an important technique in agriculture. Nowadays, grafting is a widely used technique also to study systemic long-distance signaling in plants. Plants respond to their surrounding environment, and at that time many aspects of their physiology are regulated systemically; these start from local input signals and are followed by the transmission of information to the rest of the plant. For example, soil nutrient conditions, light/photoperiod, and biotic and abiotic stresses affect plants heterogeneously, and plants perceive such information in specific plant tissues or organs. Such environmental cues are crucial determinants of plant growth and development, and plants drastically change their morphology and physiology to adapt to various events in their life. Hitherto, intensive studies have been conducted to understand systemic signaling in plants, and grafting techniques have permitted advances in this field. The breakthrough technique of micrografting in Arabidopsis thaliana was established in 2002 and led to the development of molecular genetic tools in this field. Thereafter, various phenomena of systemic signaling have been identified at the molecular level, including nutrient fixation, flowering, circadian clock and defense against pathogens. The significance of grafting is that it can clarify the transmission of the stimulus and molecules. At present, many micro- and macromolecules have been identified as mobile signals, which are transported through plant vascular tissues to co-ordinate their physiology and development. In this review, we introduce the various grafting techniques that have been developed, we report on the recent advances in the field of plant systemic signaling where grafting techniques have been applied and provide insights for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tsutsui
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Ferri A, Lancilli C, Maghrebi M, Lucchini G, Sacchi GA, Nocito FF. The Sulfate Supply Maximizing Arabidopsis Shoot Growth Is Higher under Long- than Short-Term Exposure to Cadmium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:854. [PMID: 28588602 PMCID: PMC5439006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The processes involved in cadmium detoxification in plants deeply affect sulfate uptake and thiol homeostasis and generate increases in the plant nutritional request for sulfur. Here, we present an analysis of the dependence of Arabidopsis growth on the concentration of sulfate in the growing medium with the aim of providing evidence on how plants optimize growth at a given sulfate availability. Results revealed that short-term (72 h) exposure to a broad range of Cd concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) inhibited plant growth but did not produce any significant effects on the growth pattern of both shoots and roots in relation to the external sulfate. Conversely, long-term (22 days) exposure to 0.1 μM Cd significantly changed the pattern of fresh weight accumulation of the shoots in relation to the external sulfate, without affecting that of the roots, although their growth was severely inhibited by Cd. Moreover, under long-term exposure to Cd, increasing the sulfate external concentration up to the critical value progressively reduced the inhibitory effects exerted by Cd on shoot growth, indicating the existence of sulfate-dependent adaptive responses protecting the shoot tissues against Cd injury. Transcriptional induction of the high-affinity sulfate transporter genes (SULTR1; 1 and SULTR1; 2) involved in sulfate uptake by roots was a common adaptive response to both short- and long-term exposure to Cd. Such a response was closely related to the total amount of non-protein thiols accumulated by a single plant under short-term exposure to Cd, but did not showed any clear relation with thiols under long-term exposure to Cd. In this last condition, Cd exposure did not change the level of non-protein thiols per plant and thus did not alter the nutritional need for sulfur. In conclusion, our results indicate that long term-exposure to Cd, although it induces sulfate uptake, decreases the capacity of the Arabidopsis roots to efficiently absorb the sulfate ions available in the growing medium making the adaptive response of SULTR1; 1 and SULTR1; 2 "per se" not enough to optimize the growth at sulfate external concentrations lower than the critical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Clarissa Lancilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
- Istituto d’Istruzione Superiore di CodognoCodogno, Italy
| | - Moez Maghrebi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Lucchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Fabio F. Nocito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
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Tamaoki M, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Molecular Mechanisms of Selenium Responses and Resistance in Plants. PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56249-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Yamaguchi C, Takimoto Y, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Hokura A, Shinano T, Nakamura T, Suyama A, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Effects of Cadmium Treatment on the Uptake and Translocation of Sulfate in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2353-2366. [PMID: 27590710 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and non-essential element for plants, whereas phytochelatins and glutathione are low-molecular-weight sulfur compounds that function as chelators and play important roles in detoxification. Cadmium exposure is known to induce the expression of sulfur-assimilating enzymes and sulfate uptake by roots. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Cd-induced changes remains largely unknown. Accordingly, we analyzed the effects of Cd treatment on the uptake and translocation of sulfate and accumulation of thiols in Arabidopsis thaliana Both wild type (WT) and null mutant (sel1-10 and sel1-18) plants of the sulfate transporter SULTR1;2 exhibited growth inhibition when treated with CdCl2 However, the mutant plants exhibited a lower growth rate and lower Cd accumulation. Cadmium treatment also upregulated the transcription of SULTR1;2 and sulfate uptake activity in WT plants, but not in mutant plants. In addition, the sulfate, phytochelatin and total sulfur contents were preferentially accumulated in the shoots of both WT and mutant plants treated with CdCl2, and sulfur K-edge XANES spectra suggested that sulfate was the main compound responsible for the increased sulfur content in the shoots of CdCl2-treated plants. Our results demonstrate that Cd-induced sulfate uptake depends on SULTR1;2 activity, and that CdCl2 treatment greatly shifts the distribution of sulfate to shoots, increases the sulfate concentration of xylem sap and upregulates the expression of SULTRs involved in root-to-shoot sulfate transport. Therefore, we conclude that root-to-shoot sulfate transport is stimulated by Cd and suggest that the uptake and translocation of sulfate in CdCl2-treated plants are enhanced by demand-driven regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuki Takimoto
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akiko Hokura
- Department of Green and Sustainable Chemistry School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahicho, Adachi, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinano
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan
- Present address: Agricultural Radiation Research Center, NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 50 Aza-Harajyukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 210-2156
| | - Toshiki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Akiko Suyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
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Schiavon M, Berto C, Malagoli M, Trentin A, Sambo P, Dall'Acqua S, Pilon-Smits EAH. Selenium Biofortification in Radish Enhances Nutritional Quality via Accumulation of Methyl-Selenocysteine and Promotion of Transcripts and Metabolites Related to Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Amino Acids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1371. [PMID: 27683583 PMCID: PMC5021693 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two selenium (Se) fertilization methods were tested for their effects on levels of anticarcinogenic selenocompounds in radish (Raphanus sativus), as well as other nutraceuticals. First, radish was grown on soil and foliar selenate applied 7 days before harvest at 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg Se per plant. Selenium levels were up to 1200 mg Se/kg DW in leaves and 120 mg Se/kg DW in roots. The thiols cysteine and glutathione were present at 2-3-fold higher levels in roots of Se treated plants, and total glucosinolate levels were 35% higher, due to increases in glucoraphanin. The only seleno-aminoacid detected in Se treated plants was Se-methyl-SeCys (100 mg/kg FW in leaves, 33 mg/kg FW in roots). The levels of phenolic aminoacids increased with selenate treatment, as did root total nitrogen and protein content, while the level of several polyphenols decreased. Second, radish was grown in hydroponics and supplied with 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 μM selenate for 1 week. Selenate treatment led to a 20-30% increase in biomass. Selenium concentration was 242 mg Se/kg DW in leaves and 85 mg Se/kg DW in roots. Cysteine levels decreased with Se in leaves but increased in roots; glutatione levels decreased in both. Total glucosinolate levels in leaves decreased with Se treatment due to repression of genes involved in glucosinolates metabolism. Se-methyl-SeCys concentration ranged from 7-15 mg/kg FW. Aminoacid concentration increased with Se treatment in leaves but decreased in roots. Roots of Se treated plants contained elevated transcript levels of sulfate transporters (Sultr) and ATP sulfurylase, a key enzyme of S/Se assimilation. No effects on polyphenols were observed. In conclusion, Se biofortification of radish roots may be achieved via foliar spray or hydroponic supply. One to ten radishes could fulfill the daily human requirement (70 μg) after a single foliar spray of 5 mg selenate per plant or 1 week of 5-10 μM selenate supply in hydroponics. The radishes metabolized selenate to the anticarcinogenic compound Se-methyl-selenocysteine. Selenate treatment enhanced levels of other nutraceuticals in radish roots, including glucoraphanin. Therefore, Se biofortification can produce plants with superior health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Biology Department, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, MS, USA
| | - Chiara Berto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Mario Malagoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Annarita Trentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Sambo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
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Carfagna S, Bottone C, Cataletto PR, Petriccione M, Pinto G, Salbitani G, Vona V, Pollio A, Ciniglia C. Impact of Sulfur Starvation in Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Cultures of the Extremophilic Microalga Galdieria phlegrea (Cyanidiophyceae). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1890-8. [PMID: 27388343 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants and algae, sulfate assimilation and cysteine synthesis are regulated by sulfur (S) accessibility from the environment. This study reports the effects of S deprivation in autotrophic and heterotrophic cultures of Galdieria phlegrea (Cyanidiophyceae), a unicellular red alga isolated in the Solfatara crater located in Campi Flegrei (Naples, Italy), where H2S is the prevalent form of gaseous S in the fumarolic fluids and S is widespread in the soils near the fumaroles. This is the first report on the effects of S deprivation on a sulfurous microalga that is also able to grow heterotrophically in the dark. The removal of S from the culture medium of illuminated cells caused a decrease in the soluble protein content and a significant decrease in the intracellular levels of glutathione. Cells from heterotrophic cultures of G. phlegrea exhibited high levels of internal proteins and high glutathione content, which did not diminish during S starvation, but rather glutathione significantly increased. The activity of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL), the enzyme synthesizing cysteine, was enhanced under S deprivation in a time-dependent manner in autotrophic but not in heterotrophic cells. Analysis of the transcript abundance of the OASTL gene supports the OASTL activity increase in autotrophic cultures under S deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Carfagna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Bottone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Rosa Cataletto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 2, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pinto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Salbitani
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Vona
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
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Miao H, Cai C, Wei J, Huang J, Chang J, Qian H, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Sun B, Wang B, Wang Q. Glucose enhances indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis without reducing primary sulfur assimilation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31854. [PMID: 27549907 PMCID: PMC4994012 DOI: 10.1038/srep31854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of glucose as a signaling molecule on induction of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis was reported in our former study. Here, we further investigated the regulatory mechanism of indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis by glucose in Arabidopsis. Glucose exerted a positive influence on indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis, which was demonstrated by induced accumulation of indolic glucosinolates and enhanced expression of related genes upon glucose treatment. Genetic analysis revealed that MYB34 and MYB51 were crucial in maintaining the basal indolic glucosinolate accumulation, with MYB34 being pivotal in response to glucose signaling. The increased accumulation of indolic glucosinolates and mRNA levels of MYB34, MYB51, and MYB122 caused by glucose were inhibited in the gin2-1 mutant, suggesting an important role of HXK1 in glucose-mediated induction of indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis. In contrast to what was known on the function of ABI5 in glucose-mediated aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, ABI5 was not required for glucose-induced indolic glucosinolate accumulation. In addition, our results also indicated that glucose-induced glucosinolate accumulation was due to enhanced sulfur assimilation instead of directed sulfur partitioning into glucosinolate biosynthesis. Thus, our data provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying glucose-regulated glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Congxi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongmei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Koprivova A, Kopriva S. Hormonal control of sulfate uptake and assimilation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:617-27. [PMID: 26810064 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones have a plethora of functions in control of plant development, stress response, and primary metabolism, including nutrient homeostasis. In the plant nutrition, the interplay of hormones with responses to nitrate and phosphate deficiency is well described, but relatively little is known about the interaction between phytohormones and regulation of sulfur metabolism. As for other nutrients, sulfate deficiency results in modulation of root architecture, where hormones are expected to play an important role. Accordingly, sulfate deficiency induces genes involved in metabolism of tryptophane and auxin. Also jasmonate biosynthesis is induced, pointing to the need of increase the defense capabilities of the plants when sulfur is limiting. However, hormones affect also sulfate uptake and assimilation. The pathway is coordinately induced by jasmonate and the key enzyme, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase, is additionally regulated by ethylene, abscisic acid, nitric oxid, and other phytohormones. Perhaps the most intriguing link between hormones and sulfate assimilation is the fact that the main regulator of the response to sulfate starvation, SULFATE LIMITATION1 (SLIM1) belongs to the family of ethylene related transcription factors. We will review the current knowledge of interplay between phytohormones and control of sulfur metabolism and discuss the main open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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Yuan N, Yuan S, Li Z, Li D, Hu Q, Luo H. Heterologous expression of a rice miR395 gene in Nicotiana tabacum impairs sulfate homeostasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28791. [PMID: 27350219 PMCID: PMC4923854 DOI: 10.1038/srep28791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur participates in many important mechanisms and pathways of plant development. The most common source of sulfur in soil -SO4(2-)- is absorbed into root tissue and distributed into aerial part through vasculature system, where it is reduced into sulfite and finally sulfide within the subcellular organs such as chloroplasts and mitochondria and used for cysteine and methionine biosynthesis. MicroRNAs are involved in many regulation pathways by repressing the expression of their target genes. MiR395 family in Arabidopsis thaliana has been reported to be an important regulator involved in sulfate transport and assimilation, and a high-affinity sulphate transporter and three ATP sulfurylases (ATPS) were the target genes of AthmiR395 (Arabidopsis thaliana miR395). We have cloned a miR395 gene from rice (Oryza sativa) and studied its function in plant nutritional response. Our results indicated that in rice, transcript level of OsamiR395 (Oryza sativa miR395) increased under sulfate deficiency conditions, and the two predicted target genes of miR395 were down-regulated under the same conditions. Overexpression of OsamiR395h in tobacco impaired its sulfate homeostasis, and sulfate distribution was also slightly impacted among leaves of different ages. One sulfate transporter (SULTR) gene NtaSULTR2 was identified to be the target of miR395 in Nicotiana tobacum, which belongs to low affinity sulfate transporter group. Both miR395 and NtaSULTR2 respond to sulfate starvation in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings street, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-0318, USA
| | - Shuangrong Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings street, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-0318, USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings street, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-0318, USA
| | - Dayong Li
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings street, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-0318, USA
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings street, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-0318, USA
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings street, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-0318, USA
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Bohrer AS, Takahashi H. Compartmentalization and Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation Pathways in Plants. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:1-31. [PMID: 27572125 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants utilize sulfate to synthesize primary and secondary sulfur-containing metabolites required for growth and survival in the environment. Sulfate is taken up into roots from the soil and distributed to various organs through the functions of membrane-bound sulfate transporters, while it is utilized as the primary substrate for synthesizing sulfur-containing metabolites in the sulfate assimilation pathways. Transporters and enzymes for the assimilative conversion of sulfate are regulated in highly organized manners depending on changes in sulfate supply from the environment and demand for biosynthesis of reduced sulfur compounds in the plant systems. Over the past few decades, the effect of sulfur nutrition on gene expression of sulfate transporters and assimilatory enzymes has been extensively studied with the aim of understanding the full landscape of regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Bohrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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Gómez-Sagasti MT, Barrutia O, Ribas G, Garbisu C, Becerril JM. Early transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana to polymetallic contamination: implications for the identification of potential biomarkers of metal exposure. Metallomics 2016; 8:518-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Maruyama-Nakashita A, Watanabe-Takahashi A, Inoue E, Yamaya T, Saito K, Takahashi H. Sulfur-Responsive Elements in the 3'-Nontranscribed Intergenic Region Are Essential for the Induction of SULFATE TRANSPORTER 2;1 Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Roots under Sulfur Deficiency. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1279-96. [PMID: 25855406 PMCID: PMC4558688 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Under sulfur deficiency (-S), plants induce expression of the sulfate transport systems in roots to increase uptake and root-to-shoot transport of sulfate. The low-affinity sulfate transporter SULTR2;1 is predominantly expressed in xylem parenchyma and pericycle cells in Arabidopsis thaliana roots under -S. The mechanisms underlying -S-inducible expression of SULTR2;1 in roots have remained unclear, despite the possible significance of SULTR2;1 for acclimation to low-sulfur conditions. In this investigation, examination of deletions and base substitutions in the 3'-intergenic region of SULTR2;1 revealed novel sulfur-responsive elements, SURE21A (5'-CAATGTATC-3') and SURE21B (5'-CTAGTAC-3'), located downstream of the SULTR2;1 3'-untranslated region. SURE21A and SULTR21B effectively induced reporter gene expression from fusion constructs under -S in combination with minimal promoters or promoters not inducible by -S, suggesting their versatility in controlling transcription. T-DNA insertions near SURE21A and SULTR21B abolished -S-inducible expression of SULTR2;1 in roots and reduced the uptake and root-to-shoot transport of sulfate. In addition, these mutations partially suppressed SULTR2;1 expression in shoots, without changing its -S-responsive expression. These findings indicate that SULTR2;1 contributes to the increase in uptake and internal translocation of sulfate driven by gene expression induced under the control of sulfur-responsive elements in the 3'-nontranscribed intergenic region of SULTR2;1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | | | - Eri Inoue
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Fox JM, Kang K, Sherman W, Héroux A, Sastry GM, Baghbanzadeh M, Lockett MR, Whitesides GM. Interactions between Hofmeister anions and the binding pocket of a protein. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3859-66. [PMID: 25738615 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper uses the binding pocket of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII, EC 4.2.1.1) as a tool to examine the properties of Hofmeister anions that determine (i) where, and how strongly, they associate with concavities on the surfaces of proteins and (ii) how, upon binding, they alter the structure of water within those concavities. Results from X-ray crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry show that most anions associate with the binding pocket of HCAII by forming inner-sphere ion pairs with the Zn(2+) cofactor. In these ion pairs, the free energy of anion-Zn(2+) association is inversely proportional to the free energetic cost of anion dehydration; this relationship is consistent with the mechanism of ion pair formation suggested by the "law of matching water affinities". Iodide and bromide anions also associate with a hydrophobic declivity in the wall of the binding pocket. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that anions, upon associating with Zn(2+), trigger rearrangements of water that extend up to 8 Å away from their surfaces. These findings expand the range of interactions previously thought to occur between ions and proteins by suggesting that (i) weakly hydrated anions can bind complementarily shaped hydrophobic declivities, and that (ii) ion-induced rearrangements of water within protein concavities can (in contrast with similar rearrangements in bulk water) extend well beyond the first hydration shells of the ions that trigger them. This study paints a picture of Hofmeister anions as a set of structurally varied ligands that differ in size, shape, and affinity for water and, thus, in their ability to bind to—and to alter the charge and hydration structure of—polar, nonpolar, and topographically complex concavities on the surfaces of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome M Fox
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Woody Sherman
- ∥Schrödinger, 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Annie Héroux
- ⊥Photon Science Division, Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 745, Upton, New York 11937, United States
| | - G Madhavi Sastry
- ¶Schrödinger, Sanali Infopark, 8-2-120/113 Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 11937, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M Whitesides
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,‡Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,§The Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Melnikova NV, Dmitriev AA, Belenikin MS, Speranskaya AS, Krinitsina AA, Rachinskaia OA, Lakunina VA, Krasnov GS, Snezhkina AV, Sadritdinova AF, Uroshlev LA, Koroban NV, Samatadze TE, Amosova AV, Zelenin AV, Muravenko OV, Bolsheva NL, Kudryavtseva AV. Excess fertilizer responsive miRNAs revealed in Linum usitatissimum L. Biochimie 2015; 109:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bashir H, Ibrahim MM, Bagheri R, Ahmad J, Arif IA, Baig MA, Qureshi MI. Influence of sulfur and cadmium on antioxidants, phytochelatins and growth in Indian mustard. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv001. [PMID: 25587194 PMCID: PMC4323519 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soils in many parts of the world are contaminated with heavy metals, leading to multiple, deleterious effects on plants and threats to world food production efficiency. Cadmium (Cd) is one such metal, being toxic at relatively low concentrations as it is readily absorbed and translocated in plants. Sulfur-rich compounds are critical to the impact of Cd toxicity, enabling plants to increase their cellular defence and/or sequester Cd into vacuoles mediated by phytochelatins (PCs). The influence of sulfur on Cd-induced stress was studied in the hyperaccumulator plant Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) using two sulfur concentrations (+S, 300 µM [Formula: see text] and S-deficient -S, [Formula: see text]) with and without the addition of Cd (100 µM CdCl2) at two different time intervals (7 and 14 days after treatment). Compared with control plants (+S/-Cd), levels of oxidative stress were higher in S-deficient (-S/-Cd) plants, and greatest in S-deficient Cd-treated (-S/+Cd) plants. However, additional S (+S/+Cd) helped plants cope with oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase emerged as a key player against Cd stress under both -S and +S conditions. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase declined in Cd-treated and S-deficient plants, but was up-regulated in the presence of sulfur. Sulfur deficiency mediated a decrease in ascorbate and glutathione (GSH) content but changes in ascorbate (reduced : oxidized) and GSH (reduced : oxidized) ratios were alleviated by sulfur. Our data clearly indicate that a sulfur pool is needed for synthesis of GSH, non-protein thiols and PCs and is also important for growth. Sulfur-based defence mechanisms and the cellular antioxidant pathway, which are critical for tolerance and growth, collapsed as a result of a decline in the sulfur pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayra Bashir
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohamed M Ibrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, PO Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rita Bagheri
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ibrahim A Arif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, PO Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M Affan Baig
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - M Irfan Qureshi
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Anjum NA, Gill R, Kaushik M, Hasanuzzaman M, Pereira E, Ahmad I, Tuteja N, Gill SS. ATP-sulfurylase, sulfur-compounds, and plant stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:210. [PMID: 25904923 PMCID: PMC4387935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K. Sulfate (SO4 (2-)), a form of soil-S taken up by plant roots is metabolically inert. As the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes SO4 (2-)-activation and yields activated high-energy compound adenosine-5(')-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide (S(2-)) and incorporated into cysteine (Cys). In turn, Cys acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for a range of S-compounds such as methionine (Met), glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH (h-GSH), and phytochelatins (PCs). Among S-compounds, GSH, h-GSH, and PCs are known for their involvement in plant tolerance to varied abiotic stresses, Cys is a major component of GSH, h-GSH, and PCs; whereas, several key stress-metabolites such as ethylene, are controlled by Met through its first metabolite S-adenosylmethionine. With the major aim of briefly highlighting S-compound-mediated role of ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, this paper: (a) overviews ATP-S structure/chemistry and occurrence, (b) appraises recent literature available on ATP-S roles and regulations, and underlying mechanisms in plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, (c) summarizes ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, and (d) highlights major open-questions in the present context. Future research in the current direction can be devised based on the discussion outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A. Anjum
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, AveiroPortugal
| | - Ritu Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, RohtakIndia
| | - Manjeri Kaushik
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, RohtakIndia
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, DhakaBangladesh
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, AveiroPortugal
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, AveiroPortugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, AveiroPortugal
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New DelhiIndia
| | - Sarvajeet S. Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, RohtakIndia
- *Correspondence: Sarvajeet S. Gill, Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124 001, India
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Hu B, Wang W, Deng K, Li H, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Chu C. MicroRNA399 is involved in multiple nutrient starvation responses in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:188. [PMID: 25852730 PMCID: PMC4371656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing evidences have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play significant role in nutrient stress response. Previously, miR399 was documented to be induced by phosphorus (P) starvation and involved in regulating P starvation responses. To further investigate the function of miR399 in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we performed GeneChip analysis with OsmiR399 over-expressing plants. Interestingly, our results showed that, besides P starvation responsive genes, the expression of a number of genes involved in iron (Fe), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) absorption was dramatically up-regulated in OsmiR399 over-expressing plants. Consistently, the concentrations of Fe, K, Na, and Ca were also increased in OsmiR399 over-expressing plants. The expression of OsmiR399 was also up-regulated by these nutrient starvations, respectively. Moreover, the loss-of-function of LTN1, the down-stream target of OsmiR399, also resulted in the increase of multiple metal elements and the up-regulation of the absorption related genes. These results indicated that OsmiR399 participates in the regulation of multiple nutrient starvation responses, which also gives new view on understanding the interaction among different nutrients mediated by miR399.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Kun Deng
- School of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang, China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Lianhe Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcai Chu, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road No.1, Beijing 100101, China
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Briat JF, Rouached H, Tissot N, Gaymard F, Dubos C. Integration of P, S, Fe, and Zn nutrition signals in Arabidopsis thaliana: potential involvement of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:290. [PMID: 25972885 PMCID: PMC4411997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate and sulfate are essential macro-elements for plant growth and development, and deficiencies in these mineral elements alter many metabolic functions. Nutritional constraints are not restricted to macro-elements. Essential metals such as zinc and iron have their homeostasis strictly genetically controlled, and deficiency or excess of these micro-elements can generate major physiological disorders, also impacting plant growth and development. Phosphate and sulfate on one hand, and zinc and iron on the other hand, are known to interact. These interactions have been partly described at the molecular and physiological levels, and are reviewed here. Furthermore the two macro-elements phosphate and sulfate not only interact between themselves but also influence zinc and iron nutrition. These intricated nutritional cross-talks are presented. The responses of plants to phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, or iron deficiencies have been widely studied considering each element separately, and some molecular actors of these regulations have been characterized in detail. Although some scarce reports have started to examine the interaction of these mineral elements two by two, a more complex analysis of the interactions and cross-talks between the signaling pathways integrating the homeostasis of these various elements is still lacking. However, a MYB-like transcription factor, PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1, emerges as a common regulator of phosphate, sulfate, zinc, and iron homeostasis, and its role as a potential general integrator for the control of mineral nutrition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Briat
- *Correspondence: Jean-François Briat, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Université Montpellier 2, SupAgro, Bat 7, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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Zhao Q, Wu Y, Gao L, Ma J, Li CY, Xiang CB. Sulfur nutrient availability regulates root elongation by affecting root indole-3-acetic acid levels and the stem cell niche. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:1151-63. [PMID: 24831283 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential macronutrient for plants with numerous biological functions. However, the influence of sulfur nutrient availability on the regulation of root development remains largely unknown. Here, we report the response of Arabidopsis thaliana L. root development and growth to different levels of sulfate, demonstrating that low sulfate levels promote the primary root elongation. By using various reporter lines, we examined in vivo IAA level and distribution, cell division, and root meristem in response to different sulfate levels. Meanwhile the dynamic changes of in vivo cysteine, glutathione, and IAA levels were measured. Root cysteine, glutathione, and IAA levels are positively correlated with external sulfate levels in the physiological range, which eventually affect root system architecture. Low sulfate levels also downregulate the genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and transport, and elevate the accumulation of PLT1 and PLT2. This study suggests that sulfate level affects the primary root elongation by regulating the endogenous auxin level and root stem cell niche maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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Gao Y, Tian Q, Zhang WH. Systemic regulation of sulfur homeostasis in Medicago truncatula. PLANTA 2014; 239:79-96. [PMID: 24068299 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plants, and deficiency in soil S availability limits plant growth. Adaptive strategies have been evolved by plants to respond to S deficiency by coordinating systemic regulatory mechanism. A split-root experiment using legume model plant Medicago truncatula Gaertn. was conducted to investigate the systemic response to S deficiency. Plant growth, root morphology and S contents under varying conditions of S supply were determined, and the expression of genes encoding sulfate transporter (MtSULTRs) and MtAPR1 encoding an enzyme involved in S assimilation was monitored. Our results demonstrated that there was an apparent systemic response of M. truncatula to heterogeneous S supply in terms of root length, S contents, and S uptake and assimilation at the transcriptional level. When exposed to heterogeneous S supply, M. truncatula plants showed proliferation of lateral roots in S-rich medium and reduction in investment to S-depleted roots. Growth was stimulated with half-part of roots exposed to S-deficient medium. There were different expression patterns of MtSULTRs and MtAPR1 in response to heterogeneous S supply both in roots and shoots of M. truncatula. Expression of MtSULTR1.1 and MtSULTR1.3 was systemically responsive to S deficiency, leading to an enhancement of S uptake in roots exposed to S-sufficient medium. In addition, the response of S-deprived seedlings to re-supply of sulfate and Cys was also analyzed. It was shown that sulfate, but not Cys, may serve as a systemic signal to regulate the expression of genes associated with S absorption and assimilation in M. truncatula. These findings provide a comprehensive picture of systemic responses to S deficiency in leguminous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
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Jagadeeswaran G, Li YF, Sunkar R. Redox signaling mediates the expression of a sulfate-deprivation-inducible microRNA395 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:85-96. [PMID: 24164591 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA395 (miR395) is a conserved miRNA that targets a low-affinity sulfate transporter (AST68) and three ATP sulfurylases (APS1, APS3 and APS4) in higher plants. In this study, At2g28780 was confirmed as another target of miR395 in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, several dicots contained genes homologous to At2g28780 and a cognate miR395 complementary site but possess a gradient of mismatches at the target site. It is well established that miR395 is induced during S deprivation in Arabidopsis; however, the signaling pathways that mediate this regulation are unknown. Several findings in the present study demonstrate that redox signaling plays an important role in induction of miR395 during S deprivation. These include the following results: (i) glutathione (GSH) supplementation suppressed miR395 induction in S-deprived plants (ii) miR395 is induced in Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to Arsenate or Cu(2+) , which induces oxidative stress (iii), S deprivation-induced oxidative stress, and (iv) compromised induction of miR395 during S deprivation in cad2 mutant (deficient in GSH biosynthesis) that is defective in glutaredoxin-dependent redox signaling and ntra/ntrb (defective in thioredoxin reductases a and b) double mutants that are defective in thioredoxin-dependent redox signaling. Collectively, these findings strongly support the involvement of redox signaling in inducing the expression of miR395 during S deprivation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Jagadeeswaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 740748, USA
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Gigolashvili T, Kopriva S. Transporters in plant sulfur metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:442. [PMID: 25250037 PMCID: PMC4158793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient, necessary for synthesis of many metabolites. The uptake of sulfate, primary and secondary assimilation, the biosynthesis, storage, and final utilization of sulfur (S) containing compounds requires a lot of movement between organs, cells, and organelles. Efficient transport systems of S-containing compounds across the internal barriers or the plasma membrane and organellar membranes are therefore required. Here, we review a current state of knowledge of the transport of a range of S-containing metabolites within and between the cells as well as of their long distance transport. An improved understanding of mechanisms and regulation of transport will facilitate successful engineering of the respective pathways, to improve the plant yield, biotic interaction and nutritional properties of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gigolashvili
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamara Gigolashvili, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Street 47 B, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne Germany
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Bohrer AS, Kopriva S, Takahashi H. Plastid-cytosol partitioning and integration of metabolic pathways for APS/PAPS biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:751. [PMID: 25657651 PMCID: PMC4302788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants assimilate sulfate from the environment to synthesize biologically active sulfur-containing compounds required for growth and cellular development. The primary steps of sulfur metabolism involve sequential enzymatic reactions synthesizing adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Recent finding suggests that an adenosine nucleotide transport system facilitating the exchange of PAPS and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate across the plastid envelope is essential for establishing an intimate connection between the plastidic and cytosolic sulfate assimilation pathways in plants. Subcellular partitioning and integration of metabolic pathways provide focal points for investigating metabolic flux regulations. This perspective article presents an integrative view of sulfur metabolic flux control mechanisms with an emphasis on subcellular partitioning of APS/PAPS biosynthetic pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bohrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, CologneGermany
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Hideki Takahashi, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, 209 Biochemistry Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA e-mail:
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Zhang B, Pasini R, Dan H, Joshi N, Zhao Y, Leustek T, Zheng ZL. Aberrant gene expression in the Arabidopsis SULTR1;2 mutants suggests a possible regulatory role for this sulfate transporter in response to sulfur nutrient status. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:185-97. [PMID: 24308460 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is required for the biosynthesis of cysteine, methionine and numerous other metabolites, and thus is critical for cellular metabolism and various growth and developmental processes. Plants are able to sense their physiological state with respect to sulfur availability, but the sensor remains to be identified. Here we report the isolation and characterization of two novel allelic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, sel1-15 and sel1-16, which show increased expression of a sulfur deficiency-activated gene β-glucosidase 28 (BGLU28). The mutants, which represent two different missense alleles of SULTR1;2, which encodes a high-affinity sulfate transporter, are defective in sulfate transport and as a result have a lower cellular sulfate level. However, when treated with a very high dose of sulfate, sel1-15 and sel1-16 accumulated similar amounts of internal sulfate and its metabolite glutathione (GSH) to wild-type, but showed higher expression of BGLU28 and other sulfur deficiency-activated genes than wild-type. Reduced sensitivity to inhibition of gene expression was also observed in the sel1 mutants when fed with the sulfate metabolites Cys and GSH. In addition, a SULTR1;2 knockout allele also exhibits reduced inhibition in response to sulfate, Cys and GSH, consistent with the phenotype of sel1-15 and sel1-16. Taken together, the genetic evidence suggests that, in addition to its known function as a high-affinity sulfate transporter, SULTR1;2 may have a regulatory role in response to sulfur nutrient status. The possibility that SULTR1;2 may function as a sensor of sulfur status or a component of a sulfur sensory mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
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Koprivova A, Kopriva S. Molecular mechanisms of regulation of sulfate assimilation: first steps on a long road. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:589. [PMID: 25400653 PMCID: PMC4212615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pathway of sulfate assimilation, which provides plants with the essential nutrient sulfur, is tightly regulated and coordinated with the demand for reduced sulfur. The responses of metabolite concentrations, enzyme activities and mRNA levels to various signals and environmental conditions have been well described for the pathway. However, only little is known about the molecular mechanisms of this regulation. To date, nine transcription factors have been described to control transcription of genes of sulfate uptake and assimilation. In addition, other levels of regulation contribute to the control of sulfur metabolism. Post-transcriptional regulation has been shown for sulfate transporters, adenosine 5'phosphosulfate reductase, and cysteine synthase. Several genes of the pathway are targets of microRNA miR395. In addition, protein-protein interaction is increasingly found in the center of various regulatory circuits. On top of the mechanisms of regulation of single genes, we are starting to learn more about mechanisms of adaptation, due to analyses of natural variation. In this article, the summary of different mechanisms of regulation will be accompanied by identification of the major gaps in knowledge and proposition of possible ways of filling them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- *Correspondence: Stanislav Kopriva, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
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Edwards CD, Beatty JC, Loiselle JBR, Vlassov KA, Lefebvre DD. Aerobic transformation of cadmium through metal sulfide biosynthesis in photosynthetic microorganisms. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:161. [PMID: 23855952 PMCID: PMC3750252 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium is a non-essential metal that is toxic because of its interference with essential metals such as iron, calcium and zinc causing numerous detrimental metabolic and cellular effects. The amount of this metal in the environment has increased dramatically since the advent of the industrial age as a result of mining activities, the use of fertilizers and sewage sludge in farming, and discharges from manufacturing activities. The metal bioremediation utility of phototrophic microbes has been demonstrated through their ability to detoxify Hg(II) into HgS under aerobic conditions. Metal sulfides are generally very insoluble and therefore, biologically unavailable. Results When Cd(II) was exposed to cells it was bioconverted into CdS by the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, and the cyanobacterium, Synechoccocus leopoliensis. Supplementation of the two eukaryotic algae with extra sulfate, but not sulfite or cysteine, increased their cadmium tolerances as well as their abilities to produce CdS, indicating an involvement of sulfate assimilation in the detoxification process. However, the combined activities of extracted serine acetyl-transferase (SAT) and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) used to monitor sulfate assimilation, was not significantly elevated during cell treatments that favored sulfide biosynthesis. It is possible that the prolonged incubation of the experiments occurring over two days could have compensated for the low rates of sulfate assimilation. This was also the case for S. leopoliensis where sulfite and cysteine as well as sulfate supplementation enhanced CdS synthesis. In general, conditions that increased cadmium sulfide production also resulted in elevated cysteine desulfhydrase activities, strongly suggesting that cysteine is the direct source of sulfur for CdS synthesis. Conclusions Cadmium(II) tolerance and CdS formation were significantly enhanced by sulfate supplementation, thus indicating that algae and cyanobacteria can produce CdS in a manner similar to that of HgS. Significant increases in sulfate assimilation as measured by SAT-OASTL activity were not detected. However, the enhanced activity of cysteine desulfhydrase indicates that it is instrumental in the provision of H2S for aerobic CdS biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Edwards
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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