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Pennisi E. Global algal outbreaks are crowding out corals. Science 2023; 382:628-629. [PMID: 37943912 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Reefs already stressed by bleaching are being smothered by crust-forming red algae.
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2
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Yu X, Mo Z, Tang X, Gao T, Mao Y. Genome-wide analysis of HSP70 gene superfamily in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): identification, characterization and expression profiles in response to dehydration stress. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:435. [PMID: 34560838 PMCID: PMC8464122 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSPs) perform a fundamental role in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Individual family members have been analyzed in previous studies, but there has not yet been a comprehensive analysis of the HSP70 gene family in Pyropia yezoensis. RESULTS We investigated 15 putative HSP70 genes in Py. yezoensis. These genes were classified into two sub-families, denoted as DnaK and Hsp110. In each sub-family, there was relative conservation of the gene structure and motif. Synteny-based analysis indicated that seven and three PyyHSP70 genes were orthologous to HSP70 genes in Pyropia haitanensis and Porphyra umbilicalis, respectively. Most PyyHSP70s showed up-regulated expression under different degrees of dehydration stress. PyyHSP70-1 and PyyHSP70-3 were expressed in higher degrees compared with other PyyHSP70s in dehydration treatments, and then expression degrees somewhat decreased in rehydration treatment. Subcellular localization showed PyyHSP70-1-GFP and PyyHSP70-3-GFP were in the cytoplasm and nucleus/cytoplasm, respectively. Similar expression patterns of paired orthologs in Py. yezoensis and Py. haitanensis suggest important roles for HSP70s in intertidal environmental adaptation during evolution. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insight into the evolution and modification of the PyyHSP70 gene family and will help to determine the functions of the HSP70 genes in Py. yezoensis growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhaolan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xianghai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yunxiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Tropical Marine Bioresource (Hainan Tropical Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Sanya, 572022, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Kumar YN, Poong SW, Gachon C, Brodie J, Sade A, Lim PE. Impact of elevated temperature on the physiological and biochemical responses of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239097. [PMID: 32925956 PMCID: PMC7489555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The eucheumatoids Kappaphycus and Eucheuma are cultivated in tropical or subtropical regions for the production of carrageenan, a hydrocolloid widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. Kappaphycus alvarezii is a highly valued economic crop in the Coral Triangle, with the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia ranked among the largest producers. In the absence of measures to mitigate climate change, extreme events including heatwaves, typhoons, severe El Niño and La Niña, are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude. This inadvertently brings adverse effects to the seaweed cultivation industry, especially in the tropics. Temperatures are rapidly reaching the upper limit of biologically tolerable levels and an increase in reports of ice-ice and pest outbreaks is attributable to these shifts of environmental parameters. Nevertheless, few reports on the response of eucheumatoids to a changing environment, in particular global warming, are available. Understanding the responses and possible mechanisms for acclimation to warming is crucial for a sustainable seaweed cultivation industry. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of K. alvarezii to acute warming indicated that the strain used in the current study is unlikely to survive sudden increases in temperature above 36°C. As temperature increased, the growth rates, photosynthetic performance, phycocolloid quality (carrageenan yield, gel strength and gel viscosity) and pigment content (chlorophyll-a, carotenoid and phycobiliproteins) were reduced while the production of reactive oxygen species increased indicating the occurrence of stress in the seaweeds. This study provides a basis for future work on long term acclimation to elevated temperature and mesocosm-based multivariate studies to identify heat-tolerant strains for sustainable cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushanthini Nair Kumar
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wan Poong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Claire Gachon
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Juliet Brodie
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahemad Sade
- Department of Fisheries Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Takahashi M, Kumari P, Li C, Mikami K. Low temperature causes discoloration by repressing growth and nitrogen transporter gene expression in the edible red alga Pyropia yezoensis. Mar Environ Res 2020; 159:105004. [PMID: 32662437 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reduced availability of nitrogen sources in seawater leads to discoloration of the edible red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis and induces the expression of genes encoding ammonium, nitrate and urea transporters. In the present study, we demonstrate that low temperatures can also cause discoloration of this economically important seaweed. Thus, we addressed regulatory mechanisms of cold-inducible discoloration. When P. yezoensis thalli were incubated at 0, 5 and 10°C, the thalli exhibited retarded growth and discoloration, along with reduced phycoerythrin contents. Fertilization with nitrogen sources did not recover this discoloration at 0°C, suggesting that defects in nitrogen absorption cause low temperature-induced discoloration. The expression levels of many nitrogen transporter genes were reduced at low temperature. We propose that low temperature-mediated repression of ammonium, nitrate and urea transporter gene expression promotes the reduced absorption of nitrogen sources in P. yezoensis, thereby leading to discoloration. This process is different from the well-known mechanism underlying discoloration in P. yezoensis under nitrogen-deficient conditions at normal culture temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumu Takahashi
- Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Japan
| | - Puja Kumari
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-0821, Japan
| | - Chengze Li
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-0821, Japan
| | - Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-0821, Japan.
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5
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Page TM, Diaz-Pulido G. Plasticity of adult coralline algae to prolonged increased temperature and pCO2 exposure but reduced survival in their first generation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235125. [PMID: 32574214 PMCID: PMC7310705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are vital to coral reefs worldwide, providing structural integrity and inducing the settlement of important invertebrate larvae. CCA are known to be impacted by changes in their environment, both during early development and adulthood. However, long-term studies on either life history stage are lacking in the literature, therefore not allowing time to explore the acclimatory or potential adaptive responses of CCA to future global change scenarios. Here, we exposed a widely distributed, slow growing, species of CCA, Sporolithon cf. durum, to elevated temperature and pCO2 for five months and their first set of offspring (F1) for eleven weeks. Survival, reproductive output, and metabolic rate were measured in adult S. cf. durum, and survival and growth were measured in the F1 generation. Adult S. cf. durum experienced 0% mortality across treatments and reduced their O2 production after five months exposure to global stressors, indicating a possible expression of plasticity. In contrast, the combined stressors of elevated temperature and pCO2 resulted in 50% higher mortality and 61% lower growth on germlings. On the other hand, under the independent elevated pCO2 treatment, germling growth was higher than all other treatments. These results show the robustness and plasticity of S. cf. durum adults, indicating the potential for them to acclimate to increased temperature and pCO2. However, the germlings of this species are highly sensitive to global stressors and this could negatively impact this species in future oceans, and ultimately the structure and stability of coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M. Page
- Griffth University School of Environment and Science and Australia Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- Griffth University School of Environment and Science and Australia Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kalokora OJ, Buriyo AS, Asplund ME, Gullström M, Mtolera MSP, Björk M. An experimental assessment of algal calcification as a potential source of atmospheric CO2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231971. [PMID: 32348324 PMCID: PMC7190104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine vegetated ecosystems such as seagrass meadows are increasingly acknowledged as important carbon sinks based on their ability to capture and store atmospheric carbon dioxide, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation. Most studies on carbon storage in marine ecosystems have focused on organic carbon, leaving inorganic carbon processes such as calcification unaccounted for, despite of their critical role in the global carbon budget. This is probably because of uncertainties regarding the role of calcification in marine carbon budgets as either atmospheric CO2 source or sink. Here, we conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the influence of a calcifying alga (Corallina officinalis L.) on seawater carbon content, using a non-calcifying alga (Ulva lactuca L.) as a control. In a first part, algae were incubated separately while measuring changes in seawater pH, total alkalinity (TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The amount of carbon used in photosynthetic uptake and production of CaCO3 was then calculated. In a second, directly following, part the algae were removed and DIC levels were allowed to equilibrate with air until the pH stabilized and the loss of CO2 to air was calculated as the difference in total DIC from the start of part one, to the end of the second part. The results showed that C. officinalis caused a significant and persistent reduction in total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), TA and seawater pH, while no such permanent changes were caused by U. lactuca. These findings indicate that calcification can release a significant amount of CO2 to the atmosphere and thereby possibly counteract the carbon sequestration in marine vegetated ecosystems if this CO2 is not re-fixed in the system. Our research emphasises the importance of considering algal calcification in future assessments on carbon storage in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Kalokora
- Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Botany, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Amelia S. Buriyo
- Department of Botany, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Maria E. Asplund
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Martin Gullström
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Björk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Johnson MD, Fox MD, Kelly ELA, Zgliczynski BJ, Sandin SA, Smith JE. Ecophysiology of coral reef primary producers across an upwelling gradient in the tropical central Pacific. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228448. [PMID: 32017799 PMCID: PMC6999896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Upwelling is an important source of inorganic nutrients in marine systems, yet little is known about how gradients in upwelling affect primary producers on coral reefs. The Southern Line Islands span a natural gradient of inorganic nutrient concentrations across the equatorial upwelling region in the central Pacific. We used this gradient to test the hypothesis that benthic autotroph ecophysiology is enhanced on nutrient-enriched reefs. We measured metabolism and photophysiology of common benthic taxa, including the algae Porolithon, Avrainvillea, and Halimeda, and the corals Pocillopora and Montipora. We found that temperature (27.2–28.7°C) was inversely related to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (0.46–4.63 μM) and surface chlorophyll a concentrations (0.108–0.147 mg m-3), which increased near the equator. Contrary to our prediction, ecophysiology did not consistently track these patterns in all taxa. Though metabolic rates were generally variable, Porolithon and Avrainvillea photosynthesis was highest at the most productive and equatorial island (northernmost). Porolithon photosynthetic rates also generally increased with proximity to the equator. Photophysiology (maximum quantum yield) increased near the equator and was highest at northern islands in all taxa. Photosynthetic pigments also were variable, but chlorophyll a and carotenoids in Avrainvillea and Montipora were highest at the northern islands. Phycobilin pigments of Porolithon responded most consistently across the upwelling gradient, with higher phycoerythrin concentrations closer to the equator. Our findings demonstrate that the effects of in situ nutrient enrichment on benthic autotrophs may be more complex than laboratory experiments indicate. While upwelling is an important feature in some reef ecosystems, ancillary factors may regulate the associated consequences of nutrient enrichment on benthic reef organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie D. Johnson
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael D. Fox
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Emily L. A. Kelly
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Zgliczynski
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart A. Sandin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Smith
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Jiang W, Lin L, Gedara SMH, Schaub TM, Jarvis JM, Wang X, Xu X, Nirmalakhandan N, Xu P. Potable-quality water recovery from primary effluent through a coupled algal-osmosis membrane system. Chemosphere 2020; 240:124883. [PMID: 31726606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A coupled algal-osmosis membrane treatment system was studied for recovering potable-quality water from municipal primary effluent. The core components of the system included a mixotrophic algal process for removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nutrients, followed by a hybrid forward osmosis (FO)-reverse osmosis (RO) system for separation of biomass from the algal effluent and production of potable-quality water. Field experiments demonstrated consistent performance of the algal system to meet surface discharge standards for BOD and nutrients within a fed-batch processing time of 2-3 days. The hybrid FO-RO system reached water productivity of 1.57 L/m2-h in FO using seawater as draw solution; and permeate flux of 3.50 L/m2-h in brackish water RO (BWRO) and 2.07 L/m2-h in seawater RO (SWRO) at 2068 KPa. The coupled algal-membrane system achieved complete removal of ammonia, fluoride, and phosphate; over 90% removal of calcium, sulfate, and organic carbon; and 86-89% removal of potassium and magnesium. Broadband characterization using high resolution mass spectrometry revealed extensive removal of organic compounds, particularly wastewater surfactants upon algal treatment. This study demonstrated long-term performance of the FO system at water recovery of 90% and with membrane cleaning by NaOH solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Jiang
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - S M Henkanatte Gedara
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Tanner M Schaub
- Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation Laboratory, New Mexico State University, 945 College Avenue, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Jarvis
- Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation Laboratory, New Mexico State University, 945 College Avenue, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuesong Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Nagamany Nirmalakhandan
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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9
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McGee D, Archer L, Fleming GTA, Gillespie E, Touzet N. Influence of spectral intensity and quality of LED lighting on photoacclimation, carbon allocation and high-value pigments in microalgae. Photosynth Res 2020; 143:67-80. [PMID: 31705368 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring spectral quality during microalgal cultivation can provide a means to increase productivity and enhance biomass composition for downstream biorefinery. Five microalgae strains from three distinct lineages were cultivated under varying spectral intensities and qualities to establish their effects on pigments and carbon allocation. Light intensity significantly impacted pigment yields and carbon allocation in all strains, while the effects of spectral quality were mostly species-specific. High light conditions induced chlorophyll photoacclimation and resulted in an increase in xanthophyll cycle pigments in three of the five strains. High-intensity blue LEDs increased zeaxanthin tenfold in Rhodella sp. APOT_15 relative to medium or low light conditions. White light however was optimal for phycobiliprotein content (11.2 mg mL-1) for all tested light intensities in this strain. The highest xanthophyll pigment yields for the Chlorophyceae were associated with medium-intensity blue and green lights for Brachiomonas submarina APSW_11 (5.6 mg g-1 lutein and 2.0 mg g-1 zeaxanthin) and Kirchneriella aperta DMGFW_21 (1.5 mg g-1 lutein and 1 mg g-1 zeaxanthin), respectively. The highest fucoxanthin content in both Heterokontophyceae strains (2.0 mg g-1) was associated with medium and high white light for Stauroneis sp. LACW_24 and Phaeothamnion sp. LACW_34, respectively. This research provides insights into the application of LEDs to influence microalgal physiology, highlighting the roles of low light on lipid metabolism in Rhodella sp. APOT_15, of blue and green lights for carotenogenesis in Chlorophyceae and red light-induced photoacclimation in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dónal McGee
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, CERIS, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Archer
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, CERIS, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Gerard T A Fleming
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, CERIS, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, CERIS, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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Abstract
Plant life cycles consist of two temporally separated stages: a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte. In plants employing a haploid-diploid sexual life cycle, the transition from sporophyte to gametophyte generally depends on meiosis. However, previous work has shown that in the red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis, this transition is independent of meiosis, though how and when it occurs is unknown. Here, we explored this question using transcriptomic profiling of P. yezoensis gametophytes, sporophytes, and conchosporangia parasitically produced on sporophytes. We identify a knotted-like homeobox gene that is predominately expressed in the conchosporangium and may determine its identity. We also find that spore-like single cells isolated from the conchosporangium develop directly into gametophytes, indicating that the gametophyte identity is established before the release of conchospores and prior to the onset of meiosis. Based on our findings, we propose a triphasic life cycle for P. yezoensis involving production of gametophytes by apospory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Chengze Li
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Irie
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
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Ji Z, Zou D, Gong J, Liu C, Ye C, Chen Y. The different responses of growth and photosynthesis to NH 4+ enrichments between Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and its epiphytic alga Ulva lactuca grown at elevated atmospheric CO 2. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 144:173-180. [PMID: 31179985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how elevated CO2 affects the responses of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and Ulva lactuca to NH4+ enrichments. All algae were incubated under four nutritional conditions (zero addition, 100, 500, and 2500 μM NH4+), and two CO2 levels (390 ppm and 1000 ppm). The growth, photosynthesis, and soluble protein contents of both species increased under the eutrophication condition (100 μM NH4+). However, the growth and carotenoid contents of the two species declined when NH4+ concentration increased. Under the super eutrophication condition (2500 μM NH4+), all indexes measured in G. lemaneiformis were suppressed, while the growth and photosynthesis in U. lactuca changed indistinctively, both compared with the control. Moreover, under the super eutrophication condition, elevated CO2 reduced the suppression in the growth of G. lemaneiformis, but decreased the growth of U. lactuca. Nonetheless, G. lemaneiformis displayed much lower growth rates than U. lactuca under the super eutrophication and elevated CO2 condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ji
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dinghui Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Jingyu Gong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changpeng Ye
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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de la Hoz CF, Ramos E, Puente A, Juanes JA. Climate change induced range shifts in seaweeds distributions in Europe. Mar Environ Res 2019; 148:1-11. [PMID: 31075527 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are evidences of how climate change is affecting seaweeds distribution and the ecosystems services they provide. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these impacts when managing marine areas. One of the most applied tools in recent years to deal with this are species distribution models, however there are still some challenges to solve, such as the inclusion of hydrodynamic predictors and the application of effective, transferable and user-oriented methodologies. Five species (Saccorhiza polyschides, Gelidium spinosum, Sargassum muticum, Pelvetia canaliculata and Cystoseira baccata) in Europe and 15 variables were considered. Nine of them were projected to the RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 for the mid-term (2040-2069) and the long term (2070-2099). Algorithms for each species were applied to generate models that were assessed by comparison of probabilities and observations (area under the curve, true skill statistics, Boyce index, sensitivity, correct classification rate), niches overlap (Schoener's D, Hellinger's I), geographical similarity (interquartile range) and ecological realism. Models built demonstrated very good predictive accuracy and sensitivity, without overfitting risk. A medium overlap in the historical and RCPs environmental conditions were obtained, therefore the models can be considered transferable and results accurate because only some isolated points were detected as outliers, corresponding to low probabilities. The areas of S. polyschides and G. spinosum have been identified to be dramatically reduced, meanwhile S. muticum and C. baccata were predicted to expand their range. P. canaliculata was expected to keep its sites of presence but with a decrease in its probability of occurrence. For all species it was remarkable the importance of hydrodynamic variables and parameters representing extreme conditions. Spatially predictions of the potential species and areas at risk are decisive for defining management strategies and resource allocation. The performance and usefulness of the approach applied in this study have been demonstrated for algae with different ecological requirements (from upper littoral to subtidal) and distributional patterns (native and invasive), therefore results can be used by marine planners with different goals: marine protected areas designation, monitoring efforts guiding, invasions risk assessment or aquaculture facilities zonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camino Fernández de la Hoz
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Elvira Ramos
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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Moriyama T, Mori N, Nagata N, Sato N. Selective loss of photosystem I and formation of tubular thylakoids in heterotrophically grown red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Photosynth Res 2019; 140:275-287. [PMID: 30415289 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that glycerol is required for heterotrophic growth in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Here, we analyzed heterotrophically grown cells in more detail. Sugars or other organic substances did not support the growth in the dark. The growth rate was 0.4 divisions day-1 in the presence of 400 mM glycerol, in contrast with 0.5 divisions day-1 in the phototrophic growth. The growth continued until the sixth division. Unlimited heterotrophic growth was possible in the medium containing DCMU and glycerol in the light. Light-activated heterotrophic culture in which cells were irradiated by intermittent light also continued without an apparent limit. In the heterotrophic culture in the dark, chlorophyll content drastically decreased, as a result of inability of dark chlorophyll synthesis. Photosynthetic activity gradually decreased over 10 days, and finally lost after 19 days. Low-temperature fluorescence measurement and immunoblot analysis showed that this decline in photosynthetic activity was mainly due to the loss of Photosystem I, while the levels of Photosystem II and phycobilisomes were maintained. Accumulated triacylglycerol was lost during the heterotrophic growth, while keeping the overall lipid composition. Observation by transmission electron microscopy revealed that a part of thylakoid membranes turned into pentagonal tubular structures, on which five rows of phycobilisomes were aligned. This might be a structure that compactly conserve phycobilisomes and Photosystem II in an inactive state, probably as a stock of carbon and nitrogen. These results suggest that C. merolae has a unique strategy of heterotrophic growth, distinct from those found in other red algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Moriyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Natsumi Mori
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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Filipin EP, Pereira DT, Ouriques LC, Bouzon ZL, Simioni C. Participation of actin filaments, myosin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the formation and polarisation of tetraspore germ tube of Gelidium floridanum (Rhodophyta, Florideophyceae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21:352-360. [PMID: 30472775 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the evidence of direct interaction among actin, myosin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the polarisation and formation of the tetraspore germ tube of Gelidium floridanum. After release, tetraspores were exposed to cytochalasin B, latrunculin B, LY294002 and BDM for a period of 6 h. In control samples, formation of the germ tube occurred after the experimental period, with cellulose formation and elongated chloroplasts moving through the tube region in the presence of F-actin. In the presence of cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of F-actin, latrunculin B, an inhibitor of G-actin, and BDM, a myosin inhibitor, tetraspores showed no formation of the germ tube or cellulose. Spherical-shaped chloroplasts were observed in the central region with a few F-actin filaments in the periphery of the cytoplasm. Tetraspores treated with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, showed no formation of the tube at the highest concentrations. Polarisation of cytoplasmic contents did not occur, only cellulose formation. It was concluded that F-actin directs the cell wall components and contributes to the maintenance of chloroplast shape and elongation during germ tube formation. PI3K plays a fundamental role in signalling for the asymmetric polarisation of F-actin. Thus, F-actin regulates the polarisation and germination processes of tetraspores of G. floridanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Filipin
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - D T Pereira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - L C Ouriques
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Z L Bouzon
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - C Simioni
- Postdoctoral Research of Postgraduate Program in Cell Biology and Development, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Teixidó N, Gambi MC, Parravacini V, Kroeker K, Micheli F, Villéger S, Ballesteros E. Functional biodiversity loss along natural CO 2 gradients. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5149. [PMID: 30531929 PMCID: PMC6288110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of environmental change on biodiversity are still poorly understood. In particular, the consequences of shifts in species composition for marine ecosystem function are largely unknown. Here we assess the loss of functional diversity, i.e. the range of species biological traits, in benthic marine communities exposed to ocean acidification (OA) by using natural CO2 vent systems. We found that functional richness is greatly reduced with acidification, and that functional loss is more pronounced than the corresponding decrease in taxonomic diversity. In acidified conditions, most organisms accounted for a few functional entities (i.e. unique combination of functional traits), resulting in low functional redundancy. These results suggest that functional richness is not buffered by functional redundancy under OA, even in highly diverse assemblages, such as rocky benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Teixidó
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro Ischia, 80077, Naples, Italy.
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA.
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro Ischia, 80077, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeriano Parravacini
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CRIOBE, USR 3278, PSL-EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, LABEX Corail, University of Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Kristy Kroeker
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
| | - Sebastien Villéger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-IRD-IFREMER, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes - CSIC, Blanes, 17300, Girona, Spain
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Kreusch M, Poltronieri E, Bouvie F, Batista D, Pereira DT, Ramlov F, Maraschin M, Bouzon ZL, Schmidt ÉC, Simioni C. Ocean warming and copper pollution: implications for metabolic compounds of the agarophyte Gelidium floridanum (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta). J Phycol 2018; 54:870-878. [PMID: 30276817 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming is increasing and scientific predictions suggest a rise of up to 4°C in sea water temperatures. The combination of a polluted and warmer environment may be detrimental for aquatic species, especially for primary producers such as seaweeds. This study investigated the potential for interactive effects of an increased seawater temperature in a copper-rich environment on the photosynthetic pigments and metabolic compounds of the red seaweed Gelidium floridanum. Seaweed samples were cultivated in a factorial design with temperature (24°C and 30°C), copper (0 and 3 μM), and time (7 and 14 d). The exposure of G. floridanum to copper and 30°C for 7 d resulted in a lower concentration of chlorophyll a, smaller phycobiliprotein rods and lower concentration of soluble sugars. After 14 d of cultivation, a higher concentration of chlorophyll a and soluble sugars could be observed on seaweeds cultivated under 30°C. The accumulation of carotenoids and the release of phenolic compounds indicated specific protective mechanisms against temperature and copper, respectively. Overall, seaweeds grew less when exposed to copper 3 μM at 30°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Kreusch
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elisa Poltronieri
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bouvie
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Deonir Batista
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora T Pereira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Bouzon
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Éder Carlos Schmidt
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carmen Simioni
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Ma H, Zou D, Wen J, Ji Z, Gong J, Liu C. The impact of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on cadmium toxicity in Pyropia haitanensis (Rhodophyta). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:33361-33369. [PMID: 30259325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the major heavy metal pollutions in coastal waters, and it is well known that cadmium at trace concentration is toxic to macroalgae. Change in marine carbonate system and ocean acidification caused by elevated atmospheric CO2 also alter physiological characteristics of macroalgae. However, less research is focused on the combined impacts of elevated CO2 and cadmium pollution on the growth and physiology in macroalgae. In this study, the maricultivated macroalga Pyropia haitanensis (Rhodophyta) was cultured at three levels of Cd2+ (control, 4 and 12 mg L-1) and two concentrations of CO2, the ambient CO2 (AC, 410 ppm) and elevated CO2 (HC, 1100 ppm). The results showed that 12 mg L-1 Cd2+ significantly suppressed the relative growth rate and superoxide dismutase activity in AC-grown P. haitanensis, while such inhibition extents by Cd2+ were alleviated in HC-grown algae. Cd2+ had no effects on efficiency of electron transport (α) and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax), but α was increased by elevated CO2. Cd2+ dramatically suppressed the maximum net photosynthesis oxygen evolution rate (NPRm) and the minimum saturation irradiance (Ik) when the algal thalli were grown at AC, while such suppression of NPRm by Cd2+ was much decreased when the thalli were grown at HC. Collectively, our results suggested that elevated CO2 would alleviate Cd2+ toxicity on P. haitanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dinghui Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiayi Wen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiwei Ji
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Gong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- College of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
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18
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Nan F, Feng J, Lv J, Liu Q, Xie S. Transcriptome analysis of the typical freshwater rhodophytes Sheathia arcuata grown under different light intensities. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197729. [PMID: 29813098 PMCID: PMC5973588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rhodophyta Sheathia arcuata is exclusively distributed in freshwater, constituting an important component in freshwater flora. This study presents the first transcriptome profiling of freshwater Rhodophyta taxa. A total of 161,483 assembled transcripts were identified, annotated and classified into different biological categories and pathways based on BLAST against diverse databases. Different gene expression patterns were caused principally by different irradiances considering the similar water conditions of the sampling site when the specimens were collected. Comparison results of gene expression levels under different irradiances revealed that photosynthesis-related pathways significantly up-regulated under the weak light. Molecular responses for improved photosynthetic activity include the transcripts corresponding to antenna proteins (LHCA1 and LHCA4), photosynthetic apparatus proteins (PSBU, PETB, PETC, PETH and beta and gamma subunits of ATPase) and metabolic enzymes in the carbon fixation. Along with photosynthesis, other metabolic activities were also regulated to optimize the growing and development of S. arcuata under appropriate sunlight. Protein-protein interactive networks revealed the most responsive up-expressed transcripts were ribosomal proteins. The de-novo transcriptome assembly of S. arcuata provides a foundation for further investigation on the molecular mechanism of photosynthesis and environmental adaption for freshwater Rhodophyta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangru Nan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junping Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shulian Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Six species of macroalgae belonging to the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta divisions were cultivated in a closed system with Guillard's f/2, Walne's, Provasoli Enriched Seawater (PES) medium, and seawater (control) for 6 weeks. The growth rate and parameters of the tested seaweeds showed that all used media enhanced the growth rate and chemical content as compared with other seaweeds cultivated in seawater without addition of any nutrients. There are significant differences in the effect of the used media on the seaweed composition at p = .01; PES is more effective than the f/2 and Walne's media. The results indicate that the cultivation technique of some macroalgae was an efficient tool for increasing the seaweeds' biomass and increasing their chemical compounds, calories, and energy under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Ismail
- a Marine Environmental Division , National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Sheekh
- b Botany Department, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
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20
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Wang W, Teng F, Lin Y, Ji D, Xu Y, Chen C, Xie C. Transcriptomic study to understand thermal adaptation in a high temperature-tolerant strain of Pyropia haitanensis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195842. [PMID: 29694388 PMCID: PMC5919043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyropia haitanensis, a high-yield commercial seaweed in China, is currently undergoing increasing levels of high-temperature stress due to gradual global warming. The mechanisms of plant responses to high temperature stress vary with not only plant type but also the degree and duration of high temperature. To understand the mechanism underlying thermal tolerance in P. haitanensis, gene expression and regulation in response to short- and long-term temperature stresses (SHS and LHS) was investigated by performing genome-wide high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing for a high temperature tolerant strain (HTT). A total of 14,164 differential expression genes were identified to be high temperature-responsive in at least one time point by high-temperature treatment, representing 41.10% of the total number of unigenes. The present data indicated a decrease in the photosynthetic and energy metabolic rates in HTT to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, which in turn facilitated in the rapid establishment of acclimatory homeostasis in its transcriptome during SHS. On the other hand, an increase in energy consumption and antioxidant substance activity was observed with LHS, which apparently facilitates in the development of resistance against severe oxidative stress. Meanwhile, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, brassinosteroids, and heat shock proteins also play a vital role in HTT. The effects of SHS and LHS on the mechanism of HTT to resist heat stress were relatively different. The findings may facilitate further studies on gene discovery and the molecular mechanisms underlying high-temperature tolerance in P. haitanensis, as well as allow improvement of breeding schemes for high temperature-tolerant macroalgae that can resist global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinghui Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Dehua Ji
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Chaotian Xie
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail:
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Martínez-Hernández GB, Castillejo N, Carrión-Monteagudo MDM, Artés F, Artés-Hernández F. Nutritional and bioactive compounds of commercialized algae powders used as food supplements. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2018; 24:172-182. [PMID: 29110539 DOI: 10.1177/1082013217740000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The main nutritional/bioactive compounds (protein; aminoacids, AA; fucose; minerals; vitamins B12 and C; and total phenolic content, TPC) of nine commercial algae powders, used as food supplements, were studied. Undaria pinnatifida showed the highest protein/aminoacid contents (51.6/54.4 g 100 g-1). Among brown macroalgae, Himanthalia elongata showed the highest fucose content (26.3 g kg-1) followed by Laminaria ochroleuca (22.5 g kg-1). Mineral contents of 15-24% were observed in the algae, being particularly excellent sources of iodine (69.0-472.0 mg kg-1). Porphyra spp. and Palmaria palmata showed the highest vitamin B12 contents (667-674 µg kg-1). Vitamin C ranged among 490.4-711.8 mg kg-1. H. elongata showed the highest total phenolic content (14.0 g kg-1). In conclusion, the studied algae are excellent sources of protein, AA, minerals, vitamin C and some of them presented particularly high vitamin B12 and fucose contents, which may have a potential use as food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés B Martínez-Hernández
- 1 Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- 2 Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Noelia Castillejo
- 1 Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Del M Carrión-Monteagudo
- 1 Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Artés
- 1 Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- 2 Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Artés-Hernández
- 1 Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- 2 Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
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Garcia-Jimenez P, Montero-Fernández M, Robaina RR. Molecular mechanisms underlying Grateloupia imbricata (Rhodophyta) carposporogenesis induced by methyl jasmonate. J Phycol 2017; 53:1340-1344. [PMID: 28990186 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When applied in vitro, methyl jasmonate is sensed by the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricate, substantially and visually affecting its carposporogenesis. However, although there is some understanding of the morphological changes induced by methyl jasmonate in vitro, little is known about the genes that are involved in red seaweed carposporogenesis and how their protein products act. For the work reported herein, the expression of genes in red seaweed that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of methyl jasmonate (jasmonic acid carboxyl methyl transferase and a putative methyl transferase) was monitored. Additionally the genes involved in oxidation (cytochrome P450 and WD40), jasmonate synthesis, signal transduction, and regulation of reactive oxygen species (MYB), and reproduction (ornithine decarboxylase) were monitored. To determine when or if the aforementioned genes were expressed during cystocarp development, fertilized and fertile thalli were exposed to methyl jasmonate and gene expression was measured after 24 and 48 h. The results showed that methyl jasmonate promoted differential gene expression in fertilized thalli by 24 h and upregulated expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene only by 48 h in fertile thalli (0.75 ± 003 copies · μL-1 at 24 h vs. 1.11 ± 0.04 copies · μL-1 at 48 h). We conclude that Ornithine decarboxylase expression involves methyl jasmonate signaling as well as development and maturation of cystocarps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garcia-Jimenez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain
| | - Montserrat Montero-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain
| | - Rafael R Robaina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017, Spain
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23
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Herbert RJH, Collins K, Mallinson J, Hall AE, Pegg J, Ross K, Clarke L, Clements T. Epibenthic and mobile species colonisation of a geotextile artificial surf reef on the south coast of England. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184100. [PMID: 28926608 PMCID: PMC5604948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing coastal infrastructure and use of novel materials there is a need to investigate the colonisation of assemblages associated with new structures, how these differ to natural and other artificial habitats and their potential impact on regional biodiversity. The colonisation of Europe’s first artificial surf reef (ASR) was investigated at Boscombe on the south coast of England (2009–2014) and compared with assemblages on existing natural and artificial habitats. The ASR consists of geotextile bags filled with sand located 220m offshore on a sandy sea bed at a depth of 0-5m. Successional changes in epibiota were recorded annually on differently orientated surfaces and depths using SCUBA diving and photography. Mobile faunal assemblages were sampled using Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV). Distinct stages in colonisation were observed, commencing with bryozoans and green algae which were replaced by red algae, hydroids and ascidians, however there were significant differences in assemblage structure with depth and orientation. The reef is being utilised by migratory, spawning and juvenile life-history stages of fish and invertebrates. The number of non-native species was larger than on natural reefs and other artificial habitats and some occupied a significant proportion of the structure. The accumulation of 180 benthic and mobile taxa, recorded to date, appears to have arisen from a locally rich and mixed pool of native and non-native species. Provided no negative invasive impacts are detected on nearby protected reefs the creation of novel yet diverse habitats may be considered a beneficial outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. H. Herbert
- Bournemouth University, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ken Collins
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Mallinson
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E. Hall
- Bournemouth University, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Pegg
- University Centre Sparsholt, Sparsholt, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Ross
- British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Clarke
- Bournemouth University, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Clements
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
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24
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Abstract
Stable isotope labeling is a standard technique for tracing material transfer in molecular, ecological and biogeochemical studies. The main assumption in this approach is that the enrichment with a heavy isotope has no effect on the organism metabolism and growth, which is not consistent with current theoretical and empirical knowledge on kinetic isotope effects. Here, we demonstrate profound changes in growth dynamics of the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata grown in 15N-enriched media. With increasing 15N concentration (0.37 to 50 at%), the lag phase increased, whereas maximal growth rate and total yield decreased; moreover, there was a negative relationship between the growth and the lag phase across the treatments. The latter suggests that a trade-off between growth rate and the ability to adapt to the high 15N environment may exist. Remarkably, the lag-phase response at 3.5 at% 15N was the shortest and deviated from the overall trend, thus providing partial support to the recently proposed Isotopic Resonance hypothesis, which predicts that certain isotopic composition is particularly favorable for living organisms. These findings confirm the occurrence of KIE in isotopically enriched algae and underline the importance of considering these effects when using stable isotope labeling in field and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivydas Andriukonis
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Bio-Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Santelices B, González AV, Beltrán J, Flores V. Coalescing red algae exhibit noninvasive, reversible chimerism. J Phycol 2017; 53:59-69. [PMID: 27716922 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chimerism is produced by the somatic fusion of two or more genetically distinct conspecific individuals. In animals, the main cost of fusion is competition between genetically different cell lineages and the probability of original cell line replacement by more competitive invasive lines, which limits its natural frequency (3%-5%). In red and brown seaweeds, chimerism is widespread (27%-53%), seemingly without the negative outcomes described for animals. The rigidity of cell walls in macroalgae prevents cell motility and invasions. In addition, in moving waters, most somatic fusions involve the holdfast. Histological observations in laboratory-built bicolor macroalgal chimeras indicated that upright axes emerge from the base of plants by proliferation and vertical growth of discrete cell groups that include one or just a few of the cell lineages occurring in the holdfasts. Laboratory experiments showed growth competition between cell lineages, thus explaining lineage segregation during growth along originally chimeric erect axes. Genotyping of the axes showed more heterogeneous tissues basally, but apically more homogeneous ones, generating a vertical gradient of allele abundance and diversity. The few chimeric primary branches produced, eventually became homogenous after repeated branching. Therefore, coalescing macroagae exhibit a unique pattern of post-fusion growth, with the capacity to reverse chimerism. This pattern is significantly different from those in animals and land plants, suggesting chimerism is a biologically heterogeneous concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernabé Santelices
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Alameda 340, Santiago, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Alejandra V González
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, 7800024, Chile
| | - Jessica Beltrán
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Alameda 340, Santiago, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Verónica Flores
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Alameda 340, Santiago, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
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26
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Vieira VMNCS, Engelen AH, Huanel OR, Guillemin ML. Linear-In-The-Parameters Oblique Least Squares (LOLS) Provides More Accurate Estimates of Density-Dependent Survival. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167418. [PMID: 27936048 PMCID: PMC5147871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival is a fundamental demographic component and the importance of its accurate estimation goes beyond the traditional estimation of life expectancy. The evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life-cycles and the occurrence of its different ploidy phases at uneven abundances are hypothesized to be driven by differences in survival rates between haploids and diploids. We monitored Gracilaria chilensis, a commercially exploited red alga with an isomorphic biphasic life-cycle, having found density-dependent survival with competition and Allee effects. While estimating the linear-in-the-parameters survival function, all model I regression methods (i.e, vertical least squares) provided biased line-fits rendering them inappropriate for studies about ecology, evolution or population management. Hence, we developed an iterative two-step non-linear model II regression (i.e, oblique least squares), which provided improved line-fits and estimates of survival function parameters, while robust to the data aspects that usually turn the regression methods numerically unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco M. N. C. S. Vieira
- MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Aschwin H. Engelen
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science,—CIMAR Laboratorio Associado, F.C.T., University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Oscar R. Huanel
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS, Place G. Tessier, Roscoff, France
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27
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Pilar GJ, Olegario BR, Rafael RR. Occurrence of jasmonates during cystocarp development in the red alga Grateloupia imbricata. J Phycol 2016; 52:1085-1093. [PMID: 27643610 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we highlight the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) on cystocarp development in the red macroscopic alga Grateloupia imbricata. In G. imbricata, jasmonate release is related to the reproductive state, as fertile thalli (i.e., those that have cystocarps) released significant amounts of this volatile compound (1.27 ± 0.20 mM · mg fw-1 · h-1 ) compared with infertile thalli (0.95 ± 0.12 mM · mg fw-1 · h-1 ). Treating G. imbricata thalli with MeJa revealed a significant increase in cystocarp number (1.5 ± 0.27 cystocarps · mm-2 ), which was ~7.5-fold greater than in untreated thalli (0.2 ± 0.07 cystocarps · mm-2 ). Maturation was completed within 48 h with MeJa treatment, a shortening of the typical >3-week maturation period, and included the opening of cystocarps and the presence of dehiscent cavities. Release rates of jasmonates after exogenous MeJa treatment were also modified based on the cystocarp maturation level. All of these effects were reduced in the presence of phenidone, which blocks MeJa production, indicating that the MeJa action is genuine. The effects of MeJa during cystocarp maturation were not replicated by derivatives of reactive oxygen species from the same jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway, as the activities of scavenger enzymes and lipid peroxidation were unchanged between infertile and fertile thalli. Therefore, a reactive oxygen species-based mechanism is not involved during cystocarp development. We conclude that MeJa has an independent function as a growth regulator during G. imbricata reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garcia-Jimenez Pilar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Brito-Romano Olegario
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Robaina R Rafael
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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Fernando IPS, Nah JW, Jeon YJ. Potential anti-inflammatory natural products from marine algae. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 48:22-30. [PMID: 27716532 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases have become one of the leading causes of health issue throughout the world, having a considerable influence on healthcare costs. With the emerging developments in natural product, synthetic and combinatorial chemistry, a notable success has been achieved in discovering natural products and their synthetic structural analogs with anti-inflammatory activity. However, many of these therapeutics have indicated detrimental side effects upon prolonged usage. Marine algae have been identified as an underexplored reservoir of unique anti-inflammatory compounds. These include polyphenols, sulfated polysaccharides, terpenes, fatty acids, proteins and several other bioactives. Consumption of these marine algae could provide defense against the pathophysiology of many chronic inflammatory diseases. With further investigation, algal anti-inflammatory phytochemicals have the potential to be used as therapeutics or in the synthesis of structural analogs with profound anti-inflammatory activity with reduced side effects. The current review summarizes the latest knowledge about the potential anti-inflammatory compounds discovered from marine algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Shanura Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of High Polymer Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jungang-ro, 13, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Wan M, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Li S, Yu A, Li Y. A novel paradigm for the high-efficient production of phycocyanin from Galdieria sulphuraria. Bioresour Technol 2016; 218:272-278. [PMID: 27372006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel cultivation strategy called "Sequential Heterotrophy-Dilution-Photoinduction" was successfully applied in the cultivation of Galdieria sulphuraria for efficient production of phycocyanin (PC). Algae cells were firstly cultivated heterotrophically to achieve high cell density. The maximal dry cell weight of 17.8gL(-1) and maximal biomass productivity of 103.1mgL(-1)h(-1) were obtained. Then, a dilution step was applied to obtain a suitable cell concentration and finally these cells were transferred to high light condition for phycocyanin accumulation. During the photoinduction step, cells could accumulate phycocyanin up to 13.88% of dry cell weight in a cultivation period of 8days. By this technology, total PC productivity far surpassed those reported in all literatures of Galdieria sulphuraria, and was 147-fold and 12-fold of those in photoautotrophic and heterotrophic technologies, respectively. Therefore, this strategy provides a promising approach for high-efficient phycocyanin production from Galdieria sulphuraria to meet its mass cultivation and commercialization application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Yunnan Shangrila Zeyuan Limited Company for Algal Health Technology, Diqing 674412, PR China
| | - Shulan Li
- Jiaxing Zeyuan Bio-Products Company Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, PR China
| | - Anquan Yu
- Yunnan Shangrila Zeyuan Limited Company for Algal Health Technology, Diqing 674412, PR China
| | - Yuanguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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30
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Carfagna S, Bottone C, Cataletto PR, Petriccione M, Pinto G, Salbitani G, Vona V, Pollio A, Ciniglia C. Impact of Sulfur Starvation in Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Cultures of the Extremophilic Microalga Galdieria phlegrea (Cyanidiophyceae). Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:1890-8. [PMID: 27388343 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants and algae, sulfate assimilation and cysteine synthesis are regulated by sulfur (S) accessibility from the environment. This study reports the effects of S deprivation in autotrophic and heterotrophic cultures of Galdieria phlegrea (Cyanidiophyceae), a unicellular red alga isolated in the Solfatara crater located in Campi Flegrei (Naples, Italy), where H2S is the prevalent form of gaseous S in the fumarolic fluids and S is widespread in the soils near the fumaroles. This is the first report on the effects of S deprivation on a sulfurous microalga that is also able to grow heterotrophically in the dark. The removal of S from the culture medium of illuminated cells caused a decrease in the soluble protein content and a significant decrease in the intracellular levels of glutathione. Cells from heterotrophic cultures of G. phlegrea exhibited high levels of internal proteins and high glutathione content, which did not diminish during S starvation, but rather glutathione significantly increased. The activity of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL), the enzyme synthesizing cysteine, was enhanced under S deprivation in a time-dependent manner in autotrophic but not in heterotrophic cells. Analysis of the transcript abundance of the OASTL gene supports the OASTL activity increase in autotrophic cultures under S deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Carfagna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Bottone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Rosa Cataletto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 2, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pinto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Salbitani
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Vona
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
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31
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Navarro NP, Figueroa FL, Korbee N, Mansilla A, Plastino EM. Differential responses of tetrasporophytes and gametophytes of Mazzaella laminarioides (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) under solar UV radiation. J Phycol 2016; 52:451-462. [PMID: 26990026 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of solar UV radiation on mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), growth, photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, phycobiliproteins), soluble proteins (SP), and C and N content of Mazzaella laminarioides tetrasporophytes and gametophytes were investigated. Apical segments of tetrasporophytes and gametophytes were exposed to solar radiation under three treatments (PAR [P], PAR+UVA [PA], and PAR+UVA+UVB [PAB]) during 18 d in spring 2009, Punta Arenas, Chile. Samples were taken after 2, 6, 12, and 18 d of solar radiation exposure. Most of the parameters assessed on M. laminarioides were significantly influenced by the radiation treatment, and both gametophytes and tetrasporophytes seemed to respond differently when exposed to high UV radiation. The two main effects promoted by UV radiation were: (i) higher synthesis of MAAs in gametophytes than tetrasporophytes at 2 d, and (ii) a decrease in phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and SPs, but an increase in MAA content in tetrasporophytes at 6 and 12 d of culture. Despite some changes that were observed in biochemical parameters in both tetrasporophytes and gametophytes of M. laminarioides when exposed to UVB radiation, these changes did not promote deleterious effects that might interfere with the growth in the long term (18 d). The tolerance and resistance of M. laminarioides to higher UV irradiance were expected, as this intertidal species is exposed to variation in solar radiation, especially during low tide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelso P Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, España
| | - Nathalie Korbee
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, España
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Estela M Plastino
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Zhou W, Sui Z, Wang J, Hu Y, Kang KH, Hong HR, Niaz Z, Wei H, Du Q, Peng C, Mi P, Que Z. Effects of sodium bicarbonate concentration on growth, photosynthesis, and carbonic anhydrase activity of macroalgae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, and Gracilaria chouae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Photosynth Res 2016; 128:259-70. [PMID: 26960545 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There is potential for bicarbonate to improve crop yields and economic efficiency of marine algae. However, few studies have focused on the effect of bicarbonate on the growth, photosynthesis, and enzyme activity associated with carbon utilization, especially in commercial macroalgae. Here, the addition of bicarbonate (up to 420 mg L(-1)) to macroalgal cultures has been evaluated for Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, and Gracilaria chouae with respect to growth rate, photosynthetic activity, carbonic anhydrase activity, and biochemical composition. The results showed that the effects of NaHCO3 on growth, chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin, photosynthetic oxygen evolution, photochemical parameters of PSI and PSII, carbonic anhydrase activity, and nitrogen content were significant (P < 0.05) and followed the same pattern in the three species. The parameter values were promoted in lower NaHCO3 concentrations (up to 252 or 336 mg L(-1)) and inhibited in higher NaHCO3 concentrations (>336 mg L(-1) for Gp. lemaneiformis and >420 mg L(-1) for the other two species). Moreover, species-specific differences induced by supplementation with bicarbonate were discovered during culture. Optimal concentrations of NaHCO3 used in this study were 252 mg L(-1) for Gp. lemaneiformis and 336 mg L(-1) for G. vermiculophylla and G. chouae. These results suggest that an adequate supplementation of sodium bicarbonate is a viable strategy for promoting growth and photosynthetic activity in some macroalgae as well as for improving biochemical composition. The study will help to accelerate the growth rate of algae and improve the quality of thalli, and will also be useful for enhancing the understanding of carbon utilization in macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kyoung Ho Kang
- Department of Aquaculture, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam, 550-749, South Korea
| | - Hye Ran Hong
- Department of Aquaculture, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam, 550-749, South Korea
| | - Zeeshan Niaz
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Huihui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Mi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhou Que
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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33
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Montero-Fernández M, Robaina RR, Garcia-Jimenez P. In silico characterization of DNA motifs associated with the differential expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene during in vitro cystocarp development in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata. J Plant Physiol 2016; 195:31-38. [PMID: 26991607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism(s) modulating expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene ODC during cystocarp development in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata, DNA motifs found in the 5'-upstream region of the gene were identified by in silico analysis. In addition, when infertile G. imbricata thalli were treated with ethylene, methyl jasmonate, or light as an elicitor of cystocarp development, different ODC expression patterns were observed. ODC expression correlated with (i) the elicitation (treatment) period and the period post-treatment just prior to observation of the first visible developing cystocarps (disclosure period), and (ii) the type of elicitor. Ethylene and light activated ODC expression during the elicitation period, and methyl jasmonate activated its expression during the disclosure period, suggesting that initiation and cystocarp development may involve more than one signaling pathway. In addition, expression of ODC was 450-fold greater when thalli were stimulated by ethylene compared with untreated control thalli, suggesting that G. imbricata mounts an efficient response to sense and activate ethylene-responsive signaling pathways. The patterns of differential ODC expression induced by the different elicitors during cystocarp development might provide an useful tool for characterizing the precise transcriptional regulation of ODC in G. imbricata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Montero-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rafael R Robaina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Jimenez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Toyoshima M, Mori N, Moriyama T, Misumi O, Sato N. Analysis of triacylglycerol accumulation under nitrogen deprivation in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Microbiology (Reading) 2016; 162:803-812. [PMID: 26925574 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) produced by microalgae is a potential source of biofuel. Although various metabolic pathways in TAG synthesis have been identified in land plants, the pathway of TAG synthesis in microalgae remains to be clarified. The unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidioschyzon merolae has unique properties as a producer of biofuel because of easy culture and feasibility of genetic engineering. Additionally, it is useful in the investigation of the pathway of TAG synthesis, because all of the nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid genomes have been completely sequenced. We found that this alga accumulated TAG under nitrogen deprivation. Curiously, the amount and composition of plastid membrane lipids did not change significantly, whereas the amount of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lipids increased with considerable changes in fatty acid composition. The nitrogen deprivation did not decrease photosynthetic oxygen evolution per chlorophyll significantly, while phycobilisomes were degraded preferentially. These results suggest that the synthesis of fatty acids is maintained in the plastid, which is used for the synthesis of TAG in the ER. The accumulated TAG contained mainly 18 : 2(9,12) at the C-2 position, which could be derived from phosphatidylcholine, which also contains this acid at the C-2 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Toyoshima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency,Tokyo,Japan
| | - Natsumi Mori
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency,Tokyo,Japan
| | - Takashi Moriyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency,Tokyo,Japan
| | - Osami Misumi
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency,Tokyo,Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University,Yamaguchi,Japan
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency,Tokyo,Japan
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Kang T, Banquy X, Heo J, Lim C, Lynd NA, Lundberg P, Oh DX, Lee HK, Hong YK, Hwang DS, Waite JH, Israelachvili JN, Hawker CJ. Mussel-Inspired Anchoring of Polymer Loops That Provide Superior Surface Lubrication and Antifouling Properties. ACS Nano 2016; 10:930-7. [PMID: 26695175 PMCID: PMC4932843 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe robustly anchored triblock copolymers that adopt loop conformations on surfaces and endow them with unprecedented lubricating and antifouling properties. The triblocks have two end blocks with catechol-anchoring groups and a looping poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) midblock. The loops mediate strong steric repulsion between two mica surfaces. When sheared at constant speeds of ∼2.5 μm/s, the surfaces exhibit an extremely low friction coefficient of ∼0.002-0.004 without any signs of damage up to pressures of ∼2-3 MPa that are close to most biological bearing systems. Moreover, the polymer loops enhance inhibition of cell adhesion and proliferation compared to polymers in the random coil or brush conformations. These results demonstrate that strongly anchored polymer loops are effective for high lubrication and low cell adhesion and represent a promising candidate for the development of specialized high-performance biomedical coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegon Kang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Chemical Research Institute, Samsung SDI Inc., Gocheon-Dong, Uiwang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 437-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . . .
| | - Jinhwa Heo
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Chanoong Lim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Pontus Lundberg
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Dongyeop X. Oh
- Ocean Science and Technology Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Koo Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Ocean Science and Technology Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding Authors: . . .
| | - John Herbert Waite
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . . .
| | - Jacob N. Israelachvili
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . . .
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . . .
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Sakurai T, Aoki M, Ju X, Ueda T, Nakamura Y, Fujiwara S, Umemura T, Tsuzuki M, Minoda A. Profiling of lipid and glycogen accumulations under different growth conditions in the sulfothermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria. Bioresour Technol 2016; 200:861-866. [PMID: 26595665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular red alga Galdieria sulphuraria grows efficiently and produces a large amount of biomass in acidic conditions at high temperatures. It has great potential to produce biofuels and other beneficial compounds without becoming contaminated with other organisms. In G. sulphuraria, biomass measurements and glycogen and lipid analyses demonstrated that the amounts and compositions of glycogen and lipids differed when cells were grown under autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions. Maximum biomass production was obtained in the mixotrophic culture. High amounts of glycogen were obtained in the mixotrophic cultures, while the amounts of neutral lipids were similar between mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultures. The amounts of neutral lipids were highest in red algae, including thermophiles. Glycogen structure and fatty acids compositions largely depended on the growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Sakurai
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motohide Aoki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Xiaohui Ju
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ueda
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujiwara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tomonari Umemura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mikio Tsuzuki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Ayumi Minoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi 305-8572, Japan.
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Nannini M, De Marchi L, Lombardi C, Ragazzola F. Effects of thermal stress on the growth of an intertidal population of Ellisolandia elongata (Rhodophyta) from N-W Mediterranean Sea. Mar Environ Res 2015; 112:11-19. [PMID: 26004519 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coralline algae are calcareous algae able to build biogenic structures, thus playing a key-role as marine biodiversity promoters and calcium carbonate producers. The aim was to estimate the growth of Ellisolandia elongata under thermal stress. E. elongata were cultured for 2, 4 and 6 months under "natural" temperature (Tc) and increased temperature (Ti = Tc + 3 °C). In order to determine a possible culturing effect, growth in the field was also measured. For the first time, Alizarin Red S dye was used in high energy shallow water environments. Thallus linear extension was higher in the cultured specimens (Tc and Ti) compared to the field specimens. The carbonate mass in the field was higher than in Ti and Tc after 2, 4 months but decreased after 6 months. Partly unknown in situ environmental factors could have affected growth and calcification rates in the field while thermal adaptation could explain growth rates in the culturing experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nannini
- Environment Research Centre ENEA Via Santa Teresa, 19032 Pozzuolo di Lerici, La Spezia, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Association For-Mare for Applied Ecological Sciences, Via Lovati 33, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Association For-Mare for Applied Ecological Sciences, Via Lovati 33, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Marine-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISMAR), Pozzuolo di Lerici, 19032 Lerici, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Chiara Lombardi
- Environment Research Centre ENEA Via Santa Teresa, 19032 Pozzuolo di Lerici, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Federica Ragazzola
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
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Krumhansl KA, Demes KW, Carrington E, Harley CDG. Divergent growth strategies between red algae and kelps influence biomechanical properties. Am J Bot 2015; 102:1938-44. [PMID: 26546127 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Morphology and material properties are the main components of the mechanical design of organisms, with species groups developing different optimization strategies in the context of their physical environment. For intertidal and subtidal seaweeds, possessing highly flexible and extensible tissues allows individuals to bend and reconfigure in flow, thereby reducing drag. Previous research has shown that aging may compromise these qualities. Tissue age increases with distance from the blade's meristem, which differs in its position on kelps and red algae. Here, we assess whether longitudinal patterns of blade material properties differ between these two algal groups according to tissue age. METHODS We performed tensile tests on tissues samples excised from various positions along the extent of blades in nine kelp species (basal growth) and 15 species of red algae (apical growth). KEY RESULTS We found that older tissues were less flexible and extensible than younger tissues in all species tested. As predicted, tissue near the basal meristem in kelp was more flexible and extensible than older tissue at the blade's distal end. The opposite pattern was observed for red algae, with the most flexible and extensible tissues found near the apical meristem at the distal ends of blades. CONCLUSIONS We propose that divergent patterns in the distribution of material properties along blades may have different consequences for the performance of kelps and red algae. The positioning of younger tissues at the blade base for kelps may enable these species to attain larger body sizes in wave-swept habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira A Krumhansl
- Department of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 622 Strand Hall Annex 8888 University Dr. Burnaby, B.C. Canada V5A 1S6 Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, B.C. Canada V0P 1H0
| | - Kyle W Demes
- Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, B.C. Canada V0P 1H0 Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Emily Carrington
- Department of Biology and Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road. Friday Harbor, WA USA 98250
| | - Christopher D G Harley
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z4
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Santos RW, Schmidt ÉC, Vieira IC, Costa GB, Rover T, Simioni C, Barufi JB, Soares CHL, Bouzon ZL. The effect of different concentrations of copper and lead on the morphology and physiology of Hypnea musciformis cultivated in vitro: a comparative analysis. Protoplasma 2015; 252:1203-1215. [PMID: 25563715 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper and lead, as remnants of industrial activities and urban effluents, have heavily contaminated many aquatic environments. Therefore, this study aimed to determine their effects on the physiological, biochemical, and cell organization responses of Hypnea musciformis under laboratory conditions during a 7-day experimental period. To accomplish this, segments of H. musciformis were exposed to photosynthetic active radiation at 80 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), Cu (0.05 and 0.1 mg kg(-1)), and Pb (3.5 and 7 mg kg(-1)). Various intracellular abnormalities resulted from exposure to Cu and Pb, including a decrease in phycobiliproteins. Moreover, carotenoid and flavonoid contents, as well as phenolic compounds, were decreased, an apparent reflection of chemical antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species. Treatment with Cu and Pb also caused an increase in the number of floridean starch grains, probably as a defense against nutrient deprivation. Compared to plants treated with lead, those treated with copper showed higher metabolic and ultrastructural alterations. These results suggest that H. musciformis more readily internalizes copper through transcellular absorption. Finally, as a result of ultrastructural damage and metabolic changes observed in plants exposed to different concentrations of Cu and Pb, a significant reduction in growth rates was observed. Nevertheless, the results indicated different susceptibility of H. musciformis to different concentrations of Cu and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo W Santos
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil,
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Samperio-Ramos G, Olsen YS, Tomas F, Marbà N. Ecophysiological responses of three Mediterranean invasive seaweeds (Acrothamnion preissii, Lophocladia lallemandii and Caulerpa cylindracea) to experimental warming. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 96:418-423. [PMID: 25986653 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is a hotspot for invasive species and projected Mediterranean warming might affect their future spreading. We experimentally examined ecophysiological responses to the temperature range 23-31 °C in three invasive seaweeds commonly found in the Mediterranean: Acrothamnion preissii, Caulerpa cylindracea and Lophocladia lallemandii. The warming range tested encompassed current and projected (for the end of 21st Century) maximum temperatures for the Mediterranean Sea. Optimal ecophysiological temperatures for A. preissii, C. cylindracea and L. lallemandii were 25 °C, 27 °C and 29 °C, respectively. Warming below the optimal temperatures enhanced RGR of all studied invasive seaweeds. Although sensitive, seaweed photosynthetic yield was less temperature-dependent than growth. Our results demonstrate that temperature is a key environmental parameter in regulating the ecophysiological performance of these invasive seaweeds and that Mediterranean warming conditions may affect their invasion trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Samperio-Ramos
- Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ylva S Olsen
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona Tomas
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis 97331, OR, USA
| | - Núria Marbà
- Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain.
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de Faveri C, Schmidt ÉC, Simioni C, Martins CDL, Bonomi-Barufi J, Horta PA, Bouzon ZL. Effects of eutrophic seawater and temperature on the physiology and morphology of Hypnea musciformis J. V. Lamouroux (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Ecotoxicology 2015; 24:1040-1052. [PMID: 25750015 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As both food and source of a kappa-carrageenan, Hypnea musciformis represents a species of great economic interest. It also synthesizes substances with antiviral, anti-helminthic and anti-inflammatory potential and shows promise for use as a bioindicator of cadmium. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of seawater from three urbanized areas (area 1: natural runoff, NRA; area 2: urbanized runoff and sewage with treatment, RTA; area 3: urbanized runoff and untreated sewage, RUS) and three different temperatures (15, 25 and 30 °C) on the growth rate, photosynthetic efficiency, photosynthetic pigments and cell morphology of H. musciformis. After 4 days (96 h) of culture, the biomass of H. musciformis showed differences that fluctuated among the areas and temperature treatments. Specifically, the specimens cultivated in 35 °C had low values of ETRmax, α(ETR), β(ETR), and Fv/Fm photosynthetic parameters, as well as changes in cell morphology, with reduction in photosynthetic pigments and drastic reduction in growth rates. When combined with the extreme temperatures, high concentrations of ammonium ion in seawater effluent caused an inhibition of photosynthetic activity, as well as significant variation in chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents. As observed by light microscopy, the synergism between different temperatures and pollutants found in eutrophic waters caused changes in cellular morphology with increased cell wall thickening and decreased floridean starch grains. H. musciformis also showed important changes in physiological response to each factor independently, as well as changes resulting from the synergistic interaction of these factors combined. Therefore, we can conclude that extreme temperature combined with the effect of eutrophic waters, especially RUS, caused distinct morphological and physiological changes in the red alga H. musciformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline de Faveri
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
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Reynier MV, Tâmega FTS, Daflon SDA, Santos MAB, Coutinho R, Figueiredo MAO. Long- and short-term effects of smothering and burial by drill cuttings on calcareous algae in a static-renewal test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:1572-1577. [PMID: 25689779 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of drill cuttings into the ocean during drilling of offshore oil wells can impact benthic communities through an increase in the concentrations of suspended particles in the water column and sedimentation of particles on the seafloor around the drilling installation. The present study assessed effects of water-based drill cuttings, barite, bentonite, and natural sediments on shallow- and deep-water calcareous algae in short-term (30 d) and long-term (90 d) experiments, using 2 species from Peregrino's oil field at Campos Basin, Brazil: Mesophyllum engelhartii and Lithothamnion sp. The results were compared with the shallow-water species Lithothamnion crispatum. Smothering and burial exposures were simulated. Oxygen production and fluorescence readings were recorded. Although less productive, M. engelhartii was as sensitive to stress as Lithothamnion sp. Mesophyllum engelhartii was sensitive to smothering by drill cuttings, barite, and bentonite after 60 d of exposure and was similarly affected by natural sediments after 90 d. These results indicate that smothering by sediments caused physical effects that might be attributable to partial light attenuation and partial restriction on gas exchange but did not kill the calcareous algae in the long term. However, 1-mo burial by either natural sediments or drill cuttings was sufficient after 60 d for both species to reduce oxygen production, and the algae were completely dead under both sources of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V Reynier
- LABTOX-Environmental Analysis Laboratory, University City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico T S Tâmega
- Marine Biodiversity Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Oceanography, Almirante Paulo Moreira Marine Research Institute, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sarah D A Daflon
- LABTOX-Environmental Analysis Laboratory, University City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício A B Santos
- Department of Oceanography, Almirante Paulo Moreira Marine Research Institute, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Coutinho
- Department of Oceanography, Almirante Paulo Moreira Marine Research Institute, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia A O Figueiredo
- Marine Biodiversity Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Oceanography, Almirante Paulo Moreira Marine Research Institute, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jarvis TA, Bielmyer-Fraser GK. Accumulation and effects of metal mixtures in two seaweed species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 171:28-33. [PMID: 25814321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal pollution, due to various anthropogenic sources, may pose a threat to marine ecosystems. Metals can be introduced into food chains via bioaccumulation in primary producers, and may potentially lead to toxic effects. Macroalgae are used as food by a wide variety of organisms, and are therefore extremely important in aquatic systems. This study investigated the accumulation and effects of metals in two macroalgae species. The green seaweed, Ulva lactuca and the red seaweed, Agardhiella subulata were each concurrently exposed to five metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn) and U. lactuca was also exposed to each metal individually for 48 h. Metal accumulation in the seaweed was measured, and various photosynthetic parameters were assessed, using imaging pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. Increased metal accumulation occurred in both seaweed species after 48 h exposure to metal mixtures and each metal individually. The distribution of metals in both seaweed species changed with increasing metal exposure concentrations, resulting in higher proportions of Cu and Zn in the metal-exposed groups, as compared to respective controls. Further, U. lactuca accumulated higher concentrations of metals when exposed to each metal individually rather than in metal mixtures, suggesting interactions among metals for uptake and/or bioaccumulation. Significant impairment of photosynthetic parameters in U. lactuca was observed after exposure to 100 and 1000 μg/L metal mixtures, as well as 100 μg/L of either Cd or Cu. These results demonstrate metal bioaccumulation and toxic effects in important primary producers, and may have implications for higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler A Jarvis
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA, USA
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Han JW, Jung MG, Shim EY, Shim JB, Kim YM, Kim GH. Functional recombinants designed from a fetuin/asialofetuin-specific marine algal lectin, rhodobindin. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2183-95. [PMID: 25871294 PMCID: PMC4413206 DOI: 10.3390/md13042183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant lectins have attracted much attention for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery system and therapy against tumors and microbial infections. The main problem of using lectins as a biomedical tool is a batch-to-batch variation in isoforms content. The production of lectins using recombination tools has the advantage of obtaining high amounts of proteins with more precise properties, but there are only a handful of functional recombinant lectins presently available. A fetuin/asialo-fetuin specific lectin, Rhodobindin, has unique tandem repeats structure which makes it useful in exploiting for recombinant lectin. We developed three functional recombinant lectins using E. coli expression system: one from full cDNA sequence and two from fragmentary sequences of Rhodobindin. Hemagglutinating activity and solubility of the recombinant lectins were highest at OD 0.7 cell concentration at 20 °C. The optimized process developed in this study was suitable for the quality-controlled production of high amounts of soluble recombinant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Han
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 427-100, Korea
| | - Min Gui Jung
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Eun Young Shim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Jun Bo Shim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
| | - Gwang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (J.W.H.); (M.G.J.); (E.Y.S.); (J.B.S.); (Y.M.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-41-8508504; Fax: +82-41-8508497
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Selvaratnam T, Pegallapati AK, Reddy H, Kanapathipillai N, Nirmalakhandan N, Deng S, Lammers PJ. Algal biofuels from urban wastewaters: maximizing biomass yield using nutrients recycled from hydrothermal processing of biomass. Bioresour Technol 2015; 182:232-238. [PMID: 25704095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have proposed algal cultivation in urban wastewaters for the dual purpose of waste treatment and bioenergy production from the resulting biomass. This study proposes an enhancement to this approach that integrates cultivation of an acidophilic strain, Galdieria sulphuraria 5587.1, in a closed photobioreactor (PBR); hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of the wet algal biomass; and recirculation of the nutrient-rich aqueous product (AP) of HTL to the PBR to achieve higher biomass productivity than that could be achieved with raw wastewater. The premise is that recycling nutrients in the AP can maintain optimal C, N and P levels in the PBR to maximize biomass growth to increase energy returns. Growth studies on the test species validated growth on AP derived from HTL at temperatures from 180 to 300°C. Doubling N and P concentrations over normal levels in wastewater resulted in biomass productivity gains of 20-25% while N and P removal rates also doubled.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Selvaratnam
- Civil Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - A K Pegallapati
- Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - H Reddy
- Chemical Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - N Kanapathipillai
- Civil Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - N Nirmalakhandan
- Civil Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - S Deng
- Chemical Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - P J Lammers
- Energy Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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Han QY, Yin XB, Liu DY. [Distribution of macroalgal community and environmental effects in Yangma Island, Yantai, Shandon Province, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2014; 25:3655-3663. [PMID: 25876420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of macroalgal community was investigated monthly in the intertidal zone of Yangma Island, Yantai, Shandong Province, China during April 2010 to March 2011. Macroalgae sampling was conducted at two sites (A and B) along Yangma Island coastline. The relationships between macroalgae species composition and biomass and environment variables were studied. In total, 35 macroalgae species were identified, including 24 Rhodophyta (68.6% of the total number), 6 Chlorophyta (17.1% of the total number) and 5 Phaeophyta (14.3% of the total number). Brown algae and green algae dominated in summer, and red algae and brown algae dominated in other seasons. Sargassum thunbergii was the dominant species all the year. The biomass of macroalgae was higher in summer and lower in winter. The highest biomass of macroalgae was observed in June. The lowest biomass of macroalgae was observed in January at A sampling site and in November at B sampling site with the characters of macroalgae in the temperate seas. Seawater temperature, nutrients and pH could have significant effects on the variations of macroalgae biomass in the Yangma Island intertidal zone.
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Burnell OW, Russell BD, Irving AD, Connell SD. Seagrass response to CO₂ contingent on epiphytic algae: indirect effects can overwhelm direct effects. Oecologia 2014; 176:871-82. [PMID: 25193313 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased availability of dissolved CO2 in the ocean can enhance the productivity and growth of marine plants such as seagrasses and algae, but realised benefits may be contingent on additional conditions (e.g. light) that modify biotic interactions between these plant groups. The combined effects of future CO2 and differing light on the growth of seagrass and their algal epiphytes were tested by maintaining juvenile seagrasses Amphibolis antarctica under three different CO2 concentrations representing ambient, moderate future and high future forecasts (i.e. 390, 650 vs. 900 µl l(-1)) and two light levels representing low and high PAR (i.e. 43 vs. 167 µmol m(-2) s(-1)). Aboveground and belowground biomass, leaf growth, epiphyte cover, tissue chemistry and photosynthetic parameters of seagrasses were measured. At low light, there was a neutral to positive effect of elevated CO2 on seagrass biomass and growth; at high light, this effect of CO2 switched toward negative, as growth and biomass decreased at the highest CO2 level. These opposing responses to CO2 appeared to be closely linked to the overgrowth of seagrass by filamentous algal epiphytes when high light and CO2 were combined. Importantly, all seagrass plants maintained positive leaf growth throughout the experiment, indicating that growth was inhibited by some experimental conditions but not arrested entirely. Therefore, while greater light or elevated CO2 provided direct physiological benefits for seagrasses, such benefits were likely negated by overgrowth of epiphytic algae when greater light and CO2 were combined. This result demonstrates how indirect ecological effects from epiphytes can modify independent physiological predictions for seagrass associated with global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen W Burnell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, Darling Building (DP418), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia,
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Fukui Y, Abe M, Kobayashi M, Yano Y, Satomi M. Isolation of hyphomonas strains that induce normal morphogenesis in protoplasts of the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis. Microb Ecol 2014; 68:556-566. [PMID: 24840921 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae cannot develop normal morphology under axenic conditions although normal morphogenesis can be sustained when certain bacteria are present. In this study, bacteria that induced normal morphogenesis in the red alga Pyropia yezoensis (Nori) were identified. The bacteria were isolated from algal media, thalli, tissue debris, and purified protoplasts during protoplast isolation from P. yezoensis laboratory cultures. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed these bacterial isolates belonged to α-Proteobacteria (12 groups), γ-Proteobacteria (3 groups), and Flavobacteria (2 groups). Axenic protoplasts of P. yezoensis generated by removing epiphytic bacteria were co-cultured along with the bacterial isolates. Most axenic protoplasts showed irregular morphogenetic and anaplastic cells; cells with normal morphology were scarce. However, inoculation with 11 strains of Hyphomonas (α-Proteobacteria) led to significantly higher normal morphogenetic rates (4.5-7.3 %, P < 0.01 or 0.05) compared to axenic protoplasts (0.06 %). These Hyphomonas strains were recovered from all experiments; thus, certain Hyphomonas strains can induce normal morphogenesis in P. yezoensis protoplasts. Direct inoculation of the Hyphomonas strain exhibited higher morphogenetic activity than inoculation of its extracellular and intracellular products. This is the first study demonstrating the influence of specific bacteria on protoplast morphology in marine macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Fukui
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-12-4, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan,
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de L Felix MR, Osorio LKP, Ouriques LC, Farias-Soares FL, Steiner N, Kreusch M, Pereira DT, Simioni C, Costa GB, Horta PA, Chow F, Ramlov F, Maraschin M, Bouzon ZL, Schmidt EC. The effect of cadmium under different salinity conditions on the cellular architecture and metabolism in the red alga Pterocladiella capillacea (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales). Microsc Microanal 2014; 20:1411-1424. [PMID: 24983815 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614012768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro effect of cadmium (Cd) on apical segments of Pterocladiella capillacea was examined. Over a period of 7 days, the segments were cultivated with the combination of different salinities (25, 35, and 45 practical salinity units) and Cd concentrations, ranging from 0.17 to 0.70 ppm. The effects of Cd on growth rates and content of photosynthetic pigments were analyzed. In addition, metabolic profiling was performed, and samples were processed for microscopy. Serious damage to physiological performance and ultrastructure was observed under different combinations of Cd concentrations and salinity values. Elementary infrared spectroscopy revealed toxic effects registered on growth rate, photosynthetic pigments, chloroplast, and mitochondria organization, as well as changes in lipids and carbohydrates. These alterations in physiology and ultrastructure were, however, coupled to activation of such defense mechanisms as cell wall thickness, reduction of photosynthetic harvesting complex, and flavonoid. In conclusion, P. capillacea is especially sensitive to Cd stress when intermediate concentrations of this pollutant are associated with low salinity values. Such conditions resulted in metabolic compromise, reduction of primary productivity, i.e., photosynthesis, and carbohydrate accumulation in the form of starch granules. Taken together, these findings improve our understanding of the potential impact of this metal in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthiellen R de L Felix
- 1Plant Cell Biology Laboratory,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Luz K P Osorio
- 1Plant Cell Biology Laboratory,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Luciane C Ouriques
- 1Plant Cell Biology Laboratory,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Francine L Farias-Soares
- 1Plant Cell Biology Laboratory,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Neusa Steiner
- 1Plant Cell Biology Laboratory,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Marianne Kreusch
- 2Scientific Initiation-PIBIC-CNPq,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Debora T Pereira
- 2Scientific Initiation-PIBIC-CNPq,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Carmen Simioni
- 1Plant Cell Biology Laboratory,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Giulia B Costa
- 1Plant Cell Biology Laboratory,Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Paulo A Horta
- 3Phycology Laboratory,Department of Botany,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88040-900,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Fungyi Chow
- 4Department of Botany,Institute of Bioscience,University of São Paulo,05508-090,São Paulo,SP,Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- 5Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- 5Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Bouzon
- 6Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
| | - Eder C Schmidt
- 7Department of Cell Biology,Embryology and Genetics,Federal University of Santa Catarina,88049-900,CP 476,Florianópolis,SC,Brazil
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Mikulic P, Beardall J. Contrasting ecotoxicity effects of zinc on growth and photosynthesis in a neutrophilic alga (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and an extremophilic alga (Cyanidium caldarium). Chemosphere 2014; 112:402-411. [PMID: 25048933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the contrasting ecotoxicity effects of zinc on growth and photosynthesis in a neutrophilic (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and an extremophilic (Cyanidium caldarium) alga. Experiments were carried out to see if cells acclimated to zinc would respond differently to cells that were unexposed to zinc. The study also aimed to see if extremophiles displayed different acclimation properties to neutrophiles. Results showed that the neutrophilic alga C. reinhardtii, was more susceptible to free zinc and had a lower IC50 value than the extremophile, however its stress response protected the photosynthetic apparatus. Upon acclimation, the photosynthetic abilities of C. reinhardtii were not significantly compromised when exposed to toxic levels of free zinc. On the other hand, C. caldarium had a stress response which allowed it to tolerate significantly higher amounts of free zinc in its environment compared to C. reinhardtii , however the stress response did not protect the photosynthetic apparatus, and upon acclimation C. caldarium was no better equipped to protect its photosynthetic integrity than unexposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mikulic
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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