1
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Koizumi T, Fujimoto A, Kawaguchi H, Kurosaki T, Kitamura A. Stress Granule Dysfunction via Chromophore-Associated Light Inactivation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21298-21306. [PMID: 38764671 PMCID: PMC11097178 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic condensates composed of various proteins and RNAs that protect translation-associated machinery from harmful conditions during stress. However, the method of spatiotemporal inactivation of condensates such as SGs in live cells to study cellular phenotypes is still in the process of being demonstrated. Here, we show that the inactivation of SGs by chromophore-associated light inactivation (CALI) using a genetically encoded red fluorescence protein (SuperNova-Red) as a photosensitizer leads to differences in cell viability during recovery from hyperosmotic stress. CALI delayed the disassembly kinetics of SGs during recovery from hyperosmotic stress. Consequently, CALI could inactivate the SGs, and the cellular fate due to SGs could be analyzed. Furthermore, CALI is an effective spatiotemporal knockdown method for intracellular condensates/aggregates and would contribute to the elucidation of importance of such condensates/aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Koizumi
- Laboratory
of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ai Fujimoto
- Laboratory
of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Haruka Kawaguchi
- Laboratory
of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tsumugi Kurosaki
- Laboratory
of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Kitamura
- Laboratory
of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- PRIME, Japan
Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-004, Japan
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2
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Saad MA, Hasan T. Spotlight on Photoactivatable Liposomes beyond Drug Delivery: An Enabler of Multitargeting of Molecular Pathways. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2041-2064. [PMID: 36197738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential of photoactivating certain molecules, photosensitizers (PS), resulting in photochemical processes, has long been realized in the form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the management of several cancerous and noncancerous pathologies. With an improved understanding of the photoactivation process and its broader implications, efforts are being made to exploit the various facets of photoactivation, PDT, and the associated phenomenon of photodynamic priming in enhancing treatment outcomes, specifically in cancer therapeutics. The parallel emergence of nanomedicine, specifically liposome-based nanoformulations, and the convergence of the two fields of liposome-based drug delivery and PDT have led to the development of unique hybrid systems, which combine the exciting features of liposomes with adequate complementation through the photoactivation process. While initially liposomes carrying photosensitizers (PSs) were developed for enhancing the pharmacokinetics and the general applicability of PSs, more recently, PS-loaded liposomes, apart from their utility in PDT, have found several applications including enhanced targeting of drugs, coloading multiple therapeutic agents to enhance synergistic effects, imaging, priming, triggering drug release, and facilitating the escape of therapeutic agents from the endolysosomal complex. This review discusses the design strategies, potential, and unique attributes of these hybrid systems, with not only photoactivation as an attribute but also the ability to encapsulate multiple agents for imaging, biomodulation, priming, and therapy referred to as photoactivatable multiagent/inhibitor liposomes (PMILS) and their targeted versions─targeted PMILS (TPMILS). While liposomes have formed their own niche in nanotechnology and nanomedicine with several clinically approved formulations, we try to highlight how using PS-loaded liposomes could address some of the limitations and concerns usually associated with liposomes to overcome them and enhance their preclinical and clinical utility in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Shigemitsu H, Ohkubo K, Sato K, Bunno A, Mori T, Osakada Y, Fujitsuka M, Kida T. Fluorescein-Based Type I Supramolecular Photosensitizer via Induction of Charge Separation by Self-Assembly. JACS AU 2022; 2:1472-1478. [PMID: 35783162 PMCID: PMC9241013 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PSs) are critical substances with considerable potential for use in non-invasive photomedicine. Type I PSs, which generate reactive radical species by electron transfer from the excited state induced via photoirradiation, attracted much attention because of their suitability for photodynamic therapy (PDT) irrespective of the oxygen concentration. However, most organic PSs are type II, which activates only oxygen, generating singlet oxygen (1O2) via energy transfer from the triplet state. Here, we proposed a strategy to form type I supramolecular PSs (SPSs) utilizing the charge-separated state induced by self-assembly. This was demonstrated using a supramolecular assembly of fluorescein, which is a type II PS in the monomeric state; however, it changes to a type I SPS via self-assembly. The switching mechanism from type II to I via self-assembly was clarified using photophysical and electrochemical analyses, with the type I SPS exhibiting significant PDT effects on cancer cells. This study provides a promising approach for the development of type I PSs based on supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shigemitsu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Frontier
Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated
Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open
and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Global
Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute
for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Osaka
University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University
Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
- Institute
for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-0814, Japan
| | - Asuka Bunno
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuko Osakada
- Institute
for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Osaka
University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated
Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open
and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Hovan A, Berta M, Sedláková D, Miskovsky P, Bánó G, Sedlák E. Heme is responsible for enhanced singlet oxygen deactivation in cytochrome c. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15557-15563. [PMID: 34259248 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01517f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The deactivation of singlet oxygen, the lowest electronic excited state of molecular oxygen, by proteins is usually described through the interaction of singlet oxygen with certain amino acids. Changes in accessibility of these amino acids influence the quenching rate and the phosphorescence kinetics of singlet oxygen. In the cellular environment, however, numerous proteins with covalently bound or encapsulated cofactors are present. These cofactors could also influence the deactivation of singlet oxygen, and these have received little attention. To confront this issue, we used cytochrome c (cyt c) and apocytochrome c (apocyt c) to illustrate how the heme prosthetic group influences the rate constant of singlet oxygen deactivation upon acidic pH-induced conformational change of cyt c. Photo-excited flavin mononucleotide (FMN) was used to produce singlet oxygen. Our data show that the heme group has a significant and measurable effect on singlet oxygen quenching when the heme is exposed to solvents and is therefore more accessible to singlet oxygen. The effect of amino acids and heme accessibility on the FMN triplet state deactivation was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Berta
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Dagmar Sedláková
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Miskovsky
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia. and SAFTRA Photonics Ltd., Moldavská cesta 51, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Erik Sedlák
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
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5
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Khetan N, Pruliere G, Hebras C, Chenevert J, Athale CA. Self-organized optimal packing of kinesin-5-driven microtubule asters scales with cell size. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs257543. [PMID: 34080632 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial microtubule (MT) arrays or asters determine cell geometry in animal cells. Multiple asters interacting with motors, such as those in syncytia, form intracellular patterns, but the mechanical principles behind this are not clear. Here, we report that oocytes of the marine ascidian Phallusia mammillata treated with the drug BI-D1870 spontaneously form cytoplasmic MT asters, or cytasters. These asters form steady state segregation patterns in a shell just under the membrane. Cytaster centers tessellate the oocyte cytoplasm, that is divide it into polygonal structures, dominated by hexagons, in a kinesin-5-dependent manner, while inter-aster MTs form 'mini-spindles'. A computational model of multiple asters interacting with kinesin-5 can reproduce both tessellation patterns and mini-spindles in a manner specific to the number of MTs per aster, MT lengths and kinesin-5 density. Simulations predict that the hexagonal tessellation patterns scale with increasing cell size, when the packing fraction of asters in cells is ∼1.6. This self-organized in vivo tessellation by cytasters is comparable to the 'circle packing problem', suggesting that there is an intrinsic mechanical pattern-forming module that is potentially relevant to understanding the role of collective mechanics of cytoskeletal elements in embryogenesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Khetan
- Division of Biology, IISER Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Gérard Pruliere
- LBDV, Sorbonne Universite/CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Celine Hebras
- LBDV, Sorbonne Universite/CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Janet Chenevert
- LBDV, Sorbonne Universite/CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Chaitanya A Athale
- Division of Biology, IISER Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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6
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TAKEMOTO K. Optical manipulation of molecular function by chromophore-assisted light inactivation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:197-209. [PMID: 33840676 PMCID: PMC8062263 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to simple on/off switches for molecular activity, spatiotemporal dynamics are also thought to be important for the regulation of cellular function. However, their physiological significance and in vivo importance remain largely unknown. Fluorescence imaging technology is a powerful technique that can reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of molecular activity. In addition, because imaging detects the correlations between molecular activity and biological phenomena, the technique of molecular manipulation is also important to analyze causal relationships. Recent advances in optical manipulation techniques that artificially perturb molecules and cells via light can address this issue to elucidate the causality between manipulated target and its physiological function. The use of light enables the manipulation of molecular activity in microspaces, such as organelles and nerve spines. In this review, we describe the chromophore-assisted light inactivation method, which is an optical manipulation technique that has been attracting attention in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu TAKEMOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu-City, Mie, Japan
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7
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Genetically Encoded Photosensitizer for Destruction of Protein or Cell Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1293:265-279. [PMID: 33398819 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are several paths when excited molecules return to the ground state. In the case of fluorescent molecules, the dominant path is fluorescence emission that is greatly contributing to bioimaging. Meanwhile, photosensitizers transfer electron or energy from chromophore to the surrounding molecules, including molecular oxygen. Generated reactive oxygen species has potency to attack other molecules by oxidation. In this chapter, we introduce the chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) method using a photosensitizer to inactivate proteins in a spatiotemporal manner and development of CALI tools, which is useful for investigation of protein functions and dynamics, by inactivation of the target molecules. Moreover, photosensitizers with high efficiency make it possible optogenetic control of cell ablation in living organisms and photodynamic therapy. Further development of photosensitizers with different excitation wavelengths will contribute to the investigation of multiple proteins or cell functions through inactivation in the different positions and timings.
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8
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Das S, Tiwari M, Mondal D, Sahoo BR, Tiwari DK. Growing tool-kit of photosensitizers for clinical and non-clinical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10897-10940. [PMID: 33165483 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers are photosensitive molecules utilized in clinical and non-clinical applications by taking advantage of light-mediated reactive oxygen generation, which triggers local and systemic cellular toxicity. Photosensitizers are used for diverse biological applications such as spatio-temporal inactivation of a protein in a living system by chromophore-assisted light inactivation, localized cell photoablation, photodynamic and immuno-photodynamic therapy, and correlative light-electron microscopy imaging. Substantial efforts have been made to develop several genetically encoded, chemically synthesized, and nanotechnologically driven photosensitizers for successful implementation in redox biology applications. Genetically encoded photosensitizers (GEPS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating proteins have the advantage of using them in the living system since they can be manipulated by genetic engineering with a variety of target-specific genes for the precise spatio-temporal control of ROS generation. The GEPS variety is limited but is expanding with a variety of newly emerging GEPS proteins. Apart from GEPS, a large variety of chemically- and nanotechnologically-empowered photosensitizers have been developed with a major focus on photodynamic therapy-based cancer treatment alone or in combination with pre-existing treatment methods. Recently, immuno-photodynamic therapy has emerged as an effective cancer treatment method using smartly designed photosensitizers to initiate and engage the patient's immune system so as to empower the photosensitizing effect. In this review, we have discussed various types of photosensitizers, their clinical and non-clinical applications, and implementation toward intelligent efficacy, ROS efficiency, and target specificity in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Environment, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India.
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9
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Yang Z, Li L, Ling J, Liu T, Huang X, Ying Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Lei K, Chen L, Chen Z. Cyclooctatetraene-conjugated cyanine mitochondrial probes minimize phototoxicity in fluorescence and nanoscopic imaging. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8506-8516. [PMID: 34094186 PMCID: PMC8161535 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern fluorescence-imaging methods promise to unveil organelle dynamics in live cells. Phototoxicity, however, has become a prevailing issue when boosted illumination applies. Mitochondria are representative organelles whose research heavily relies on optical imaging, yet these membranous hubs of bioenergy are exceptionally vulnerable to photodamage. We report that cyclooctatetraene-conjugated cyanine dyes (PK Mito dyes), are ideal mitochondrial probes with remarkably low photodynamic damage for general use in fluorescence cytometry. In contrast, the nitrobenzene conjugate of Cy3 exhibits enhanced photostability but unaffected phototoxicity compared to parental Cy3. PK Mito Red, in conjunction with Hessian-structural illumination microscopy, enables 2000-frame time-lapse imaging with clearly resolvable crista structures, revealing rich mitochondrial dynamics. In a rigorous stem cell sorting and transplantation assay, PK Mito Red maximally retains the stemness of planarian neoblasts, exhibiting excellent multifaceted biocompatibility. Resonating with the ongoing theme of reducing photodamage using optical approaches, this work advocates the evaluation and minimization of phototoxicity when developing imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Liuju Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jing Ling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoshuai Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yuqing Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation, Translational Research of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Sciences, Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation, Translational Research of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Sciences, Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Kai Lei
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation, Translational Research of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Sciences, Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University Beijing China
- PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
- PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine Nanjing China
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10
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Rahmanzadeh R, Rudnitzki F, Hüttmann G. Two ways to inactivate the Ki-67 protein-Fragmentation by nanoparticles, crosslinking with fluorescent dyes. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800460. [PMID: 31251462 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light can manipulate molecular biological processes with high spatial and temporal precision and optical manipulation has become increasingly popular during the last years. In combination with absorbing dyes or gold nanoparticles light is a valuable tool for cell and protein inactivation with high precision. Here we show distinct differences in the underlying mechanisms whether gold nanoparticles or fluorescent dyes are used for the inactivation of the Ki-67 protein. The proliferation-associated protein Ki-67 was addressed by the antibody MIB-1. In vitro studies showed a fragmentation of the Ki-67 protein after laser irradiation of 15 nm gold nanoparticle antibody conjugates with nanosecond pulsed laser, while continuous wave (cw) irradiation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)- and Alexa 488-labeled antibodies led to specific crosslinking of Ki-67. The irradiation energy for the gold nanoparticles was above cavitation bubble formation threshold. We observed a fragmentation of the target protein and also of the gold particles. The understanding of the underlying inactivation mechanisms is important for the application and further development of these two techniques, which can harness nanotechnology to introduce molecular selectivity to biological systems.
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11
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Li W, Lin J, Wang T, Huang P. Photo-triggered Drug Delivery Systems for Neuron-related Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1406-1422. [PMID: 29932026 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180622121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of materials, chemistry and genetics has created a great number of systems for delivering antibiotics, neuropeptides or other drugs to neurons in neuroscience research, and has also provided important and powerful tools in neuron-related applications. Although these drug delivery systems can facilitate the advancement of neuroscience studies, they still have limited applications due to various drawbacks, such as difficulty in controlling delivery molecules or drugs to the target region, and trouble of releasing them in predictable manners. The combination of optics and drug delivery systems has great potentials to address these issues and deliver molecules or drugs to the nervous system with extraordinary spatiotemporal selectivity triggered by light. In this review, we will introduce the development of photo-triggered drug delivery systems in neuroscience research and their neuron-related applications including regulating neural activities, treating neural diseases and inducing nerve regenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, United States
| | - Jing Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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12
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Claaßen C, Gerlach T, Rother D. Stimulus-Responsive Regulation of Enzyme Activity for One-Step and Multi-Step Syntheses. Adv Synth Catal 2019; 361:2387-2401. [PMID: 31244574 PMCID: PMC6582597 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multi-step biocatalytic reactions have gained increasing importance in recent years because the combination of different enzymes enables the synthesis of a broad variety of industrially relevant products. However, the more enzymes combined, the more crucial it is to avoid cross-reactivity in these cascade reactions and thus achieve high product yields and high purities. The selective control of enzyme activity, i.e., remote on-/off-switching of enzymes, might be a suitable tool to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products in multi-enzyme reactions. This review compiles a range of methods that are known to modulate enzyme activity in a stimulus-responsive manner. It focuses predominantly on in vitro systems and is subdivided into reversible and irreversible enzyme activity control. Furthermore, a discussion section provides indications as to which factors should be considered when designing and choosing activity control systems for biocatalysis. Finally, an outlook is given regarding the future prospects of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Claaßen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Tim Gerlach
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
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13
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Santos GSP, Magno LAV, Romano-Silva MA, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Pericyte Plasticity in the Brain. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:551-560. [PMID: 30367336 PMCID: PMC6527663 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral pericytes are perivascular cells that stabilize blood vessels. Little is known about the plasticity of pericytes in the adult brain in vivo. Recently, using state-of-the-art technologies, including two-photon microscopy in combination with sophisticated Cre/loxP in vivo tracing techniques, a novel role of pericytes was revealed in vascular remodeling in the adult brain. Strikingly, after pericyte ablation, neighboring pericytes expand their processes and prevent vascular dilatation. This new knowledge provides insights into pericyte plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabryella S P Santos
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz A V Magno
- Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Marco A Romano-Silva
- Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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14
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Xiong Y, Tian X, Ai HW. Molecular Tools to Generate Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1297-1303. [PMID: 30986044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only are byproducts of aerobic respiration, but also play vital roles in metabolism regulation and signal transductions. It is important to understand the functions of ROS in biological systems. In addition, scientists have made use of ROS to kill bacteria and tumors through a process known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). This paper provides a concise review of current molecular tools that can generate ROS in biological systems via either nongenetic or genetically encoded way. Challenges and perspectives are further discussed with the hope of broadening the applications of ROS generators in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry, and the UVA Cancer Center , University of Virginia , 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry, and the UVA Cancer Center , University of Virginia , 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Hui-Wang Ai
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry, and the UVA Cancer Center , University of Virginia , 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
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15
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Colin-York H, Li D, Korobchevskaya K, Chang VT, Betzig E, Eggeling C, Fritzsche M. Cytoskeletal actin patterns shape mast cell activation. Commun Biol 2019; 2:93. [PMID: 30854485 PMCID: PMC6405992 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of immune cells relies on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton. Despite detailed knowledge of molecular actin assembly, the exact processes governing actin organization during activation remain elusive. Using advanced microscopy, we here show that Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) cells, a model mast cell line, employ an orchestrated series of reorganization events within the cortical actin network during activation. In response to IgE antigen-stimulation of FCε receptors (FCεR) at the RBL cell surface, we observed symmetry breaking of the F-actin network and subsequent rapid disassembly of the actin cortex. This was followed by a reassembly process that may be driven by the coordinated transformation of distinct nanoscale F-actin architectures, reminiscent of self-organizing actin patterns. Actin patterns co-localized with zones of Arp2/3 nucleation, while network reassembly was accompanied by myosin-II activity. Strikingly, cortical actin disassembly coincided with zones of granule secretion, suggesting that cytoskeletal actin patterns contribute to orchestrate RBL cell activation. Huw Colin-York et al. use advanced microscopy techniques to show that the cortical actin network within a model mast cell line undergoes a series of reorganizational events at the basal interface during activation. They find that actin patterns co-localize with zones of Arp2/3 nucleation and myosin-II activity accompanies network reassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Colin-York
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Dong Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kseniya Korobchevskaya
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Veronica T Chang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Eric Betzig
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK. .,Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
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16
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Angerani S, Winssinger N. Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis Using Ruthenium Complexes in Chemical Biology. Chemistry 2019; 25:6661-6672. [PMID: 30689234 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of bioorthogonal reactions have had a transformative impact in chemical biology and the quest to expand this toolbox continues. Herein we review recent applications of ruthenium-catalyzed photoredox reactions used in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Angerani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Riani YD, Matsuda T, Takemoto K, Nagai T. Green monomeric photosensitizing fluorescent protein for photo-inducible protein inactivation and cell ablation. BMC Biol 2018; 16:50. [PMID: 29712573 PMCID: PMC5928576 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosensitizing fluorescent proteins, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation, are useful for spatiotemporal protein inactivation and cell ablation. They give us clues about protein function, intracellular signaling pathways and intercellular interactions. Since ROS generation of a photosensitizer is specifically controlled by certain excitation wavelengths, utilizing colour variants of photosensitizing protein would allow multi-spatiotemporal control of inactivation. To expand the colour palette of photosensitizing protein, here we developed SuperNova Green from its red predecessor, SuperNova. RESULTS SuperNova Green is able to produce ROS spatiotemporally upon blue light irradiation. Based on protein characterization, SuperNova Green produces insignificant amounts of singlet oxygen and predominantly produces superoxide and its derivatives. We utilized SuperNova Green to specifically inactivate the pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase C-δ1 and to ablate cancer cells in vitro. As a proof of concept for multi-spatiotemporal control of inactivation, we demonstrate that SuperNova Green can be used with its red variant, SuperNova, to perform independent protein inactivation or cell ablation studies in a spatiotemporal manner by selective light irradiation. CONCLUSION Development of SuperNova Green has expanded the photosensitizing protein toolbox to optogenetically control protein inactivation and cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemima Dani Riani
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Takemoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan.
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18
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Leem JW, Kim SR, Choi KH, Kim YL. Plasmonic photocatalyst-like fluorescent proteins for generating reactive oxygen species. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:8. [PMID: 29607289 PMCID: PMC5862923 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in photocatalysis have opened a variety of new possibilities for energy and biomedical applications. In particular, plasmonic photocatalysis using hybridization of semiconductor materials and metal nanoparticles has recently facilitated the rapid progress in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency under visible or solar light. One critical underlying aspect of photocatalysis is that it generates and releases reactive oxygen species (ROS) as intermediate or final products upon light excitation or activation. Although plasmonic photocatalysis overcomes the limitation of UV irradiation, synthesized metal/semiconductor nanomaterial photocatalysts often bring up biohazardous and environmental issues. In this respect, this review article is centered in identifying natural photosensitizing organic materials that can generate similar types of ROS as those of plasmonic photocatalysis. In particular, we propose the idea of plasmonic photocatalyst-like fluorescent proteins for ROS generation under visible light irradiation. We recapitulate fluorescent proteins that have Type I and Type II photosensitization properties in a comparable manner to plasmonic photocatalysis. Plasmonic photocatalysis and protein photosensitization have not yet been compared systemically in terms of ROS photogeneration under visible light, although the phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of some fluorescent proteins are well recognized. A comprehensive understanding of plasmonic photocatalyst-like fluorescent proteins and their potential advantages will lead us to explore new environmental, biomedical, and defense applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Leem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Seong-Ryul Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Young L. Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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19
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Sato S, Tsushima M, Nakamura H. Target-protein-selective inactivation and labelling using an oxidative catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6168-6179. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radical species generated by oxidative single-electron transfer (SET) catalysts induce local environmental oxidative reactions, resulting in protein inactivation and labelling in proximity to the catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Michihiko Tsushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
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20
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In Vivo Ribbon Mobility and Turnover of Ribeye at Zebrafish Hair Cell Synapses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7467. [PMID: 28785118 PMCID: PMC5547071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribbons are presynaptic structures that mediate synaptic vesicle release in some sensory cells of the auditory and visual systems. Although composed predominately of the protein Ribeye, very little is known about the structural dynamics of ribbons. Here we describe the in vivo mobility and turnover of Ribeye at hair cell ribbon synapses by monitoring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) in transgenic zebrafish with GFP-tagged Ribeye. We show that Ribeye can exchange between halves of a ribbon within ~1 minute in a manner that is consistent with a simple diffusion mechanism. In contrast, exchange of Ribeye between other ribbons via the cell's cytoplasm takes several hours.
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21
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Hill RA, Damisah EC, Chen F, Kwan AC, Grutzendler J. Targeted two-photon chemical apoptotic ablation of defined cell types in vivo. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28621306 PMCID: PMC5501159 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major bottleneck limiting understanding of mechanisms and consequences of cell death in complex organisms is the inability to induce and visualize this process with spatial and temporal precision in living animals. Here we report a technique termed two-photon chemical apoptotic targeted ablation (2Phatal) that uses focal illumination with a femtosecond-pulsed laser to bleach a nucleic acid-binding dye causing dose-dependent apoptosis of individual cells without collateral damage. Using 2Phatal, we achieve precise ablation of distinct populations of neurons, glia and pericytes in the mouse brain and in zebrafish. When combined with organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins and biosensors, we uncover previously unrecognized cell-type differences in patterns of apoptosis and associated dynamics of ribosomal disassembly, calcium overload and mitochondrial fission. 2Phatal provides a powerful and rapidly adoptable platform to investigate in vivo functional consequences and neural plasticity following cell death as well as apoptosis, cell clearance and tissue remodelling in diverse organs and species. Investigating cell death in living organisms is hampered by a lack of techniques to induce apoptosis with spatial and temporal precision without collateral damage. Here the authors develop two-photon chemical apoptotic targeted ablation (2Phatal), allowing studies of apoptosis and its functional consequences in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Eyiyemisi C Damisah
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Fuyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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22
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Chow RWY, Vermot J. The rise of photoresponsive protein technologies applications in vivo: a spotlight on zebrafish developmental and cell biology. F1000Res 2017; 6. [PMID: 28413613 PMCID: PMC5389412 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10617.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish ( Danio rerio) is a powerful vertebrate model to study cellular and developmental processes in vivo. The optical clarity and their amenability to genetic manipulation make zebrafish a model of choice when it comes to applying optical techniques involving genetically encoded photoresponsive protein technologies. In recent years, a number of fluorescent protein and optogenetic technologies have emerged that allow new ways to visualize, quantify, and perturb developmental dynamics. Here, we explain the principles of these new tools and describe some of their representative applications in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Wei-Yan Chow
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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23
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Souslova EA, Mironova KE, Deyev SM. Applications of genetically encoded photosensitizer miniSOG: from correlative light electron microscopy to immunophotosensitizing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:338-352. [PMID: 27435584 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded photosensitizers (PSs), e.g. ROS generating proteins, correspond to a novel class of PSs that are highly desirable for biological and medical applications since they can be used in combination with a variety of genetic engineering manipulations allowing for precise spatio-temporal control of ROS production within living cells and organisms. In contrast to the commonly used chemical PSs, they can be modified using genetic engineering approaches and targeted to particular cellular compartments and cell types. Mini Singlet Oxygen Generator (miniSOG), a small flavoprotein capable of singlet oxygen production upon blue light irradiation, was initially reported as a high contrast probe for correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) without the need of exogenous ligands, probes or destructive permeabilizing detergents. Further miniSOG was successfully applied for chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) of proteins, as well as for photo-induced cell ablation in tissue cultures and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, a novel approach of immunophotosensitizing has been developed, exploiting the specificity of mini-antibodies or selective scaffold proteins and photo-induced cytotoxicity of miniSOG, which is particularly promising for selective non-invasive photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) due to the spatial selectivity and locality of destructive action compared to other methods of oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Souslova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kristina E Mironova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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24
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Self-organizing actin patterns shape membrane architecture but not cell mechanics. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14347. [PMID: 28194011 PMCID: PMC5316839 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free studies have demonstrated how collective action of actin-associated proteins can organize actin filaments into dynamic patterns, such as vortices, asters and stars. Using complementary microscopic techniques, we here show evidence of such self-organization of the actin cortex in living HeLa cells. During cell adhesion, an active multistage process naturally leads to pattern transitions from actin vortices over stars into asters. This process is primarily driven by Arp2/3 complex nucleation, but not by myosin motors, which is in contrast to what has been theoretically predicted and observed in vitro. Concomitant measurements of mechanics and plasma membrane fluidity demonstrate that changes in actin patterning alter membrane architecture but occur functionally independent of macroscopic cortex elasticity. Consequently, tuning the activity of the Arp2/3 complex to alter filament assembly may thus be a mechanism allowing cells to adjust their membrane architecture without affecting their macroscopic mechanical properties. In vitro models of actin organization show the formation of vortices, asters and stars. Here Fritzsche et al. show that such actin structures form in living cells in a manner dependent on the Arp2/3 complex but not myosin, and such structures influence membrane architecture but not cortex elasticity.
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25
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Abstract
Lysophagy belongs to one of the many pathways cells activate in response to lysosomal damage. Damaged lysosomes attract glycan-binding galectins, become ubiquitinated, and are later on targeted for engulfment and degradation through lysophagy. Many triggers that are known to cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization have all been shown to induce lysophagy and can therefore be used to construct platforms for further molecular-level characterization of this process. In this chapter, we describe experimental parameters for triggering lysophagy through combined use of lysosome-specific dyes and light illumination. Within single cells, this optogenetic scheme allows easy manipulation on the amount of lysosomes to be impaired, the degree of damage desired, as well as when and where this should happen. On the other hand it can also be used to target all lysosomes within the entire cell population of a culture, allowing screening or bulk biochemical analyses to be carried out. The methodology will find use not only in monitoring lysophagy but also in probing lysosome damage responses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Chu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Hung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W Y Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Rodriguez EA, Campbell RE, Lin JY, Lin MZ, Miyawaki A, Palmer AE, Shu X, Zhang J, Tsien RY. The Growing and Glowing Toolbox of Fluorescent and Photoactive Proteins. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 42:111-129. [PMID: 27814948 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, protein engineering has been extensively used to improve and modify the fundamental properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) with the goal of adapting them for a fantastic range of applications. FPs have been modified by a combination of rational design, structure-based mutagenesis, and countless cycles of directed evolution (gene diversification followed by selection of clones with desired properties) that have collectively pushed the properties to photophysical and biochemical extremes. In this review, we provide both a summary of the progress that has been made during the past two decades, and a broad overview of the current state of FP development and applications in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - John Y Lin
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Amy E Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
| | - Xiaokun Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Roger Y Tsien
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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27
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Zhao L, Zhang J, Xu H, Geng H, Cheng Y. Conjugated Polymers/DNA Hybrid Materials for Protein Inactivation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22923-22929. [PMID: 27533365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) is a powerful tool for analyzing protein functions due to the high degree of spatial and temporal resolution. In this work, we demonstrate a CALI approach based on conjugated polymers (CPs)/DNA hybrid material for protein inactivation. The target protein is conjugated with single-stranded DNA in advance. Single-stranded DNA can form CPs/DNA hybrid material with cationic CPs via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Through the formation of CPs/DNA hybrid material, the target protein that is conjugated with DNA is brought into close proximity to CPs. Under irradiation, CPs harvest light and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the inactivation of the adjacent target protein. This approach can efficiently inactivate any target protein which is conjugated with DNA and has good specificity and universality, providing a new strategy for studies of protein function and adjustment of protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Hao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
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28
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Wang S, Hüttmann G, Zhang Z, Vogel A, Birngruber R, Tangutoori S, Hasan T, Rahmanzadeh R. Light-Controlled Delivery of Monoclonal Antibodies for Targeted Photoinactivation of Ki-67. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3272-81. [PMID: 26226545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The selective inhibition of intracellular and nuclear molecules such as Ki-67 holds great promise for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, the choice of the target protein and the intracellular delivery of the functional agent remain crucial challenges. Main hurdles are (a) an effective delivery into cells, (b) endosomal escape of the delivered agents, and (c) an effective, externally triggered destruction of cells. Here we show a light-controlled two-step approach for selective cellular delivery and cell elimination of proliferating cells. Three different cell-penetrating nano constructs, including liposomes, conjugates with the nuclear localization sequence (NLS), and conjugates with the cell penetrating peptide Pep-1, delivered the light activatable antibody conjugate TuBB-9-FITC, which targets the proliferation associated protein Ki-67. HeLa cells were treated with the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin monoacid derivative (BPD) and the antibody constructs. In the first optically controlled step, activation of BPD at 690 nm triggered a controlled endosomal escape of the TuBB-9-FITC constructs. In more than 75% of Ki-67 positive, irradiated cells TuBB-9-FITC antibodies relocated within 24 h from cytoplasmic organelles to the cell nucleus and bound to Ki-67. After a second light irradiation at 490 nm, which activated FITC, cell viability decreased to approximately 13%. Our study shows an effective targeting strategy, which uses light-controlled endosomal escape and the light inactivation of Ki-67 for cell elimination. The fact that liposomal or peptide-assisted delivery give similar results leads to the additional conclusion that an effective mechanism for endosomal escape leaves greater variability for the choice of the delivery agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Institute of Biomedical Optics , University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Institute of Biomedical Optics , University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Alfred Vogel
- Institute of Biomedical Optics , University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reginald Birngruber
- Institute of Biomedical Optics , University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Shifalika Tangutoori
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ramtin Rahmanzadeh
- Institute of Biomedical Optics , University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Torra J, Burgos-Caminal A, Endres S, Wingen M, Drepper T, Gensch T, Ruiz-González R, Nonell S. Singlet oxygen photosensitisation by the fluorescent protein Pp2FbFP L30M, a novel derivative of Pseudomonas putida flavin-binding Pp2FbFP. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:280-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The flavin-binding protein Pp2FbFP L30M shows a high singlet oxygen quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Torra
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | - Stephan Endres
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Marcus Wingen
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Complex Systems 4 (ICS-4
- Cellular Biophysics)
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | | | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- Barcelona
- Spain
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30
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Sano Y, Watanabe W, Matsunaga S. Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation--towards a spatiotemporal-functional analysis of proteins, and the ablation of chromatin, organelle and cell function. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1621-9. [PMID: 24737873 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.144527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromophore-assisted laser or light inactivation (CALI) has been employed as a promising technique to achieve spatiotemporal knockdown or loss-of-function of target molecules in situ. CALI is performed using photosensitizers as generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There are two CALI approaches that use either transgenic tags with chemical photosensitizers, or genetically encoded fluorescent protein fusions. Using spatially restricted microscopy illumination, CALI can address questions regarding, for example, protein isoforms, subcellular localization or phase-specific analyses of multifunctional proteins that other knockdown approaches, such as RNA interference or treatment with chemicals, cannot. Furthermore, rescue experiments can clarify the phenotypic capabilities of CALI after the depletion of endogenous targets. CALI can also provide information about individual events that are involved in the function of a target protein and highlight them in multifactorial events. Beyond functional analysis of proteins, CALI of nuclear proteins can be performed to induce cell cycle arrest, chromatin- or locus-specific DNA damage. Even at organelle level - such as in mitochondria, the plasma membrane or lysosomes - CALI can trigger cell death. Moreover, CALI has emerged as an optogenetic tool to switch off signaling pathways, including the optical depletion of individual neurons. In this Commentary, we review recent applications of CALI and discuss the utility and effective use of CALI to address open questions in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Sano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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31
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Jarvela TS, Linstedt AD. The application of KillerRed for acute protein inactivation in living cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 69:12.35.1-12.35.10. [PMID: 24984963 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy1235s69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Generating loss of protein function is a powerful investigatory tool particularly if carried out on a physiologically relevant timescale in a live-cell fluorescent imaging experiment. KillerRed mediated chromophore assisted light inactivation (CALI) uses genetic encoding for specificity and light for acute inactivation that can also be spatially restricted. This unit provides protocols for setting up and carrying out properly controlled KillerRed experiments during live-cell imaging of cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Jarvela
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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32
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Fossati M, Goud B, Borgese N, Manneville JB. An investigation of the effect of membrane curvature on transmembrane-domain dependent protein sorting in lipid bilayers. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014; 4:e29087. [PMID: 25210649 PMCID: PMC4156485 DOI: 10.4161/cl.29087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sorting of membrane proteins within the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells is a complex process involving discrete sorting signals as well as physico-chemical properties of the transmembrane domain (TMD). Previous work demonstrated that tail-anchored (TA) protein sorting at the interface between the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex is exquisitely dependent on the length and hydrophobicity of the transmembrane domain, and suggested that an imbalance between TMD length and bilayer thickness (hydrophobic mismatch) could drive long TMD-containing proteins into curved membrane domains, including ER exit sites, with consequent export of the mismatched protein out of the ER. Here, we tested a possible role of curvature in TMD-dependent sorting in a model system consisting of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) from which narrow membrane tubes were pulled by micromanipulation. Fluorescent TA proteins differing in TMD length were incorporated into GUVs of uniform lipid composition or made of total ER lipids, and TMD-dependent sorting and diffusion, as well as the bending rigidity of bilayers made of microsomal lipids, were investigated. Long and short TMD-containing constructs were inserted with similar orientation, diffused equally rapidly in GUVs and in tubes pulled from GUVs, and no difference in their final distribution between planar and curved regions was detected. These results indicate that curvature alone is not sufficient to drive TMD-dependent sorting at the ER-Golgi interface, and set the basis for the investigation of the additional factors that must be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fossati
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; University of Milano; Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Goud
- CNRS-Institut Curie; UMR144; Paris, France
| | - Nica Borgese
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; University of Milano; Milano, Italy ; Department of Health Science; University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia"; Catanzaro, Italy
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Daddysman MK, Tycon MA, Fecko CJ. Photoinduced damage resulting from fluorescence imaging of live cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1148:1-17. [PMID: 24718791 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0470-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of fluorescence microscopy to study live cells has led to a greater understanding of numerous biological processes. Many techniques have been developed to uniquely label structures and track metabolic pathways using fluorophores in live cells. However, the photochemistry of nonnative compounds and the deposition of energy into the cell during imaging can result in unexpected and unwanted side effects. Herein, we examine potential live cell damage by first discussing common imaging considerations and modalities in fluorescence microscopy. We then consider several mechanisms by which various photochemical and photophysical phenomena cause cellular damage and introduce techniques that have leveraged these phenomena to intentionally create damage inside cells. Reviewing conditions under which intentional damage occurs can allow one to better predict when unintentional damage may be important. Finally, we delineate ways of checking for and reducing photochemical and photophysical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Daddysman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
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Jarvela T, Linstedt AD. Isoform-specific tethering links the Golgi ribbon to maintain compartmentalization. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 25:133-44. [PMID: 24227884 PMCID: PMC3873884 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of photoinactivation, cisternae-specific fluorescence recovery, and high-resolution microscopy shows that the membrane tethers GRASP65 and GRASP55 on early and late Golgi membranes, respectively, are critical to the specific, homotypic fusion of the membranes on which they reside. Homotypic membrane tethering by the Golgi reassembly and stacking proteins (GRASPs) is required for the lateral linkage of mammalian Golgi ministacks into a ribbon-like membrane network. Although GRASP65 and GRASP55 are specifically localized to cis and medial/trans cisternae, respectively, it is unknown whether each GRASP mediates cisternae-specific tethering and whether such specificity is necessary for Golgi compartmentalization. Here each GRASP was tagged with KillerRed (KR), expressed in HeLa cells, and inhibited by 1-min exposure to light. Significantly, inactivation of either GRASP unlinked the Golgi ribbon, and the immediate effect of GRASP65-KR inactivation was a loss of cis- rather than trans-Golgi integrity, whereas inactivation of GRASP55-KR first affected the trans- and not the cis-Golgi. Thus each GRASP appears to play a direct and cisternae-specific role in linking ministacks into a continuous membrane network. To test the consequence of loss of cisternae-specific tethering, we generated Golgi membranes with a single GRASP on all cisternae. Remarkably, the membranes exhibited the full connectivity of wild-type Golgi ribbons but were decompartmentalized and defective in glycan processing. Thus the GRASP isoforms specifically link analogous cisternae to ensure Golgi compartmentalization and proper processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Jarvela
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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35
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Prakash J, Kodanko JJ. Metal-based methods for protein inactivation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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36
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Takei K. Chromophore/fluorophore-assisted light inactivation method. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 140:226-30. [PMID: 23138321 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.140.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Lux J, Peña EJ, Bolze F, Heinlein M, Nicoud JF. Malachite Green Derivatives for Two-Photon RNA Detection. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1206-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Jarvela T, Linstedt AD. Irradiation-induced protein inactivation reveals Golgi enzyme cycling to cell periphery. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:973-80. [PMID: 22421362 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.094441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inhibition is a powerful technique to test proteins for direct roles and order their activities in a pathway, but as a general gene-based strategy, it is mostly unavailable in mammalian systems. As a consequence, the precise roles of proteins in membrane trafficking have been difficult to assess in vivo. Here we used a strategy based on a genetically encoded fluorescent protein that generates highly localized and damaging reactive oxygen species to rapidly inactivate exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during live-cell imaging and address the long-standing question of whether the integrity of the Golgi complex depends on constant input from the ER. Light-induced blockade of ER exit immediately perturbed Golgi membranes, and surprisingly, revealed that cis-Golgi-resident proteins continuously cycle to peripheral ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membranes and depend on ER exit for their return to the Golgi. These experiments demonstrate that ER exit and extensive cycling of cis-Golgi components to the cell periphery sustain the mammalian Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Jarvela
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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39
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Manneville JB, Leduc C, Sorre B, Drin G. Studying in vitro membrane curvature recognition by proteins and its role in vesicular trafficking. Methods Cell Biol 2012; 108:47-71. [PMID: 22325597 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386487-1.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the interest for proteins that exert key functions in vesicular trafficking through their ability to sense or induce positive membrane curvature has expanded. In this chapter, we first present simple protocols to determine whether a protein targets positively curved membranes with liposomes of well-defined size. Next we describe more sophisticated approaches based on the controlled deformation of giant liposomes. These approaches allow visualization and quantification of protein binding to membrane regions of high curvature by real-time fluorescence microscopy. Last we describe several functional assays to measure how membrane curvature controls the activation state of Arf1 via ArfGAP1 or the asymmetric tethering between flat and curved membranes via the golgin GMAP-210.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Manneville
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, CNRS and Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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40
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KIERFELD JAN, KRAIKIVSKI PAVEL, LIPOWSKY REINHARD. FILAMENT ORDERING AND CLUSTERING BY MOLECULAR MOTORS IN MOTILITY ASSAYS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048006000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We study the cooperative behavior of cytoskeletal filaments in motility assays, in which immobilized motor proteins bind the filaments to a surface and actively pull them along this surface. Because of the repulsive interaction of filaments, the motor-driven dynamics of filaments leads to a nonequilibrium phase transition which generalizes the isotropicnematic phase transition of the corresponding equilibrium system, the hard-rod fluid. Langevin dynamics simulations and analytical theory show that the motor activity enhances the tendency for nematic ordering. At high detachment forces of motors, we observe the formation of filament clusters because of blocking effects; at low detachment forces, cluster formation can be controlled by the density of inactive motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- JAN KIERFELD
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - PAVEL KRAIKIVSKI
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - REINHARD LIPOWSKY
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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41
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CAMPÀS O, LEDUC C, BASSEREAU P, JOANNY JF, PROST J. COLLECTIVE OSCILLATIONS OF PROCESSIVE MOLECULAR MOTORS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048009000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present both a theoretical and an experimental study of the long time behavior of membrane nanotubes pulled from giant unilamellar vesicles by molecular motors. Experimentally, two types of behaviors are observed, either tubes stall at a finite length or they undergo periodic oscillations. Theoretically we write the equations for the tube dynamics as a two-dimensional dynamical system where the variables are the tube length (or the force required to pull the tube at a given length) and the number of motors at the tip pulling the tube. We construct stability diagrams showing the stalling and oscillating states and present an example of oscillations in a non-linear regime. These results can explain the membrane tube retractions and oscillations observed in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. CAMPÀS
- Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 26 rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C. LEDUC
- Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 26 rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - P. BASSEREAU
- Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 26 rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - J.-F. JOANNY
- Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 26 rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - J. PROST
- Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 26 rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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42
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Diamond JS. Grilled RIBEYE stakes a claim for synaptic ribbons. Nat Neurosci 2011; 14:1097-8. [PMID: 21878922 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Acute destruction of the synaptic ribbon reveals a role for the ribbon in vesicle priming. Nat Neurosci 2011; 14:1135-41. [PMID: 21785435 PMCID: PMC3171202 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In vision, balance and hearing, sensory receptor cells translate sensory stimuli into electrical signals whose amplitude is graded with stimulus intensity. The output synapses of these sensory neurons must provide fast signaling to follow rapidly changing stimuli while also transmitting graded information covering a wide range of stimulus intensity and must be able to sustain this signaling for long time periods. To meet these demands, specialized machinery for transmitter release, the synaptic ribbon, has evolved at the synaptic outputs of these neurons. We found that acute disruption of synaptic ribbons by photodamage to the ribbon markedly reduced both sustained and transient components of neurotransmitter release in mouse bipolar cells and salamander cones without affecting the ultrastructure of the ribbon or its ability to localize synaptic vesicles to the active zone. Our results indicate that ribbons mediate both slow and fast signaling at sensory synapses and support an additional role for the synaptic ribbon in priming vesicles for exocytosis at active zones.
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Takemoto K, Matsuda T, McDougall M, Klaubert DH, Hasegawa A, Los GV, Wood KV, Miyawaki A, Nagai T. Chromophore-assisted light inactivation of HaloTag fusion proteins labeled with eosin in living cells. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:401-6. [PMID: 21226520 DOI: 10.1021/cb100431e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) is a potentially powerful tool for the acute disruption of a target protein inside living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. This technology, however, has not been widely utilized, mainly because of the lack of an efficient chromophore as the photosensitizing agent for singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) generation and the difficulty of covalently labeling the target protein with the chromophore. Here we choose eosin as the photosensitizing chromophore showing 11-fold more production of ((1)O(2)) than fluorescein and about 5-fold efficiency in CALI of β-galactosidase by using an eosin-labeled anti-β-galactosidase antibody compared with the fluorescein-labeled one. To covalently label target protein with eosin, we synthesize a membrane-permeable eosin ligand for HaloTag technology, demonstrating easy labeling and efficient inactivation of HaloTag-fused PKC-γ and aurora B in living cells. These antibody- and HaloTag-based CALI techniques using eosin promise effective biomolecule inactivation that is applicable to many cell biological assays in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Takemoto
- Laboratory for Nanosystems Physiology, Research Institute for Electronic Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita20, Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Laboratory for Nanosystems Physiology, Research Institute for Electronic Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita20, Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Mark McDougall
- Promega BioSciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Dieter H. Klaubert
- Promega BioSciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Akira Hasegawa
- Promega KK, Matsumoto Building, 14-15 Nihonbashi, Odemacho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 103-0011, Japan
| | - Georgyi V. Los
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Keith V. Wood
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Laboratory for Nanosystems Physiology, Research Institute for Electronic Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita20, Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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45
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Habets RLP, Verstreken P. FlAsH-FALI inactivation of a protein at the third-instar neuromuscular junction. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2011; 2011:pdb.prot5597. [PMID: 21460046 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONFluorescein-assisted light inactivation (FALI) is a powerful method for studying acute loss of protein function, even if the corresponding mutations lead to early lethality. In this protocol, FALI is mediated by the membrane-permeable FlAsH (4′,5′-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein) compound that binds with high specificity to the genetically encoded tetracysteine tag and thus allows the inactivation of protein function in vivo with exquisite spatial (<40 Å) and temporal (<30 sec) resolution. It also enables the analysis of kinetically distinct processes such as synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis. This protocol describes efficient inactivation of a protein using FlAsH-FALI at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of third-instar larvae. Note that FlAsH-FALI in other tissues is also theoretically possible with minor adaptations to the protocol described here. We explain controls for positional effects, for unspecific FlAsH binding to endogenous proteins, and for phototoxicity. Following FlAsH-FALI, protein function can be studied using a number of secondary assays, including electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy or FM1-43 labeling of synaptic vesicle pools.
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46
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Habets RLP, Verstreken P. Construction and expression of tetracysteine-tagged proteins for FlAsH-FALI. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2011; 2011:pdb.prot5596. [PMID: 21460045 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Morton RA, Luo G, Davis MI, Hales TG, Lovinger DM. Fluorophore assisted light inactivation (FALI) of recombinant 5-HT₃A receptor constitutive internalization and function. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 47:79-92. [PMID: 21338684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins and molecules are now widely used to tag and visualize proteins resulting in an improved understanding of protein trafficking, localization, and function. In addition, fluorescent tags have also been used to inactivate protein function in a spatially and temporally-defined manner, using a technique known as fluorophore-assisted light inactivation (FALI) or chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI). In this study we tagged the serotonin₃ A subunit with the α-bungarotoxin binding sequence (BBS) and subsequently labeled 5-HT₃A/BBS receptors with fluorescently conjugated α-bungarotoxin in live cells. We show that 5-HT₃A/BBS receptors are constitutively internalized in the absence of an agonist and internalization as well as receptor function are inhibited by fluorescence. The fluorescence-induced disruption of function and internalization was reduced with oxygen radical scavengers suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species, implicating the FALI process. Furthermore, these data suggest that intense illumination during live-cell microscopy may result in inadvertent FALI and inhibition of protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Morton
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Eden E, Geva-Zatorsky N, Issaeva I, Cohen A, Dekel E, Danon T, Cohen L, Mayo A, Alon U. Proteome half-life dynamics in living human cells. Science 2011; 331:764-8. [PMID: 21233346 DOI: 10.1126/science.1199784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cells remove proteins by two processes: degradation and dilution due to cell growth. The balance between these basic processes is poorly understood. We addressed this by developing an accurate and noninvasive method for measuring protein half-lives, called "bleach-chase," that is applicable to fluorescently tagged proteins. Assaying 100 proteins in living human cancer cells showed half-lives that ranged between 45 minutes and 22.5 hours. A variety of stresses that stop cell division showed the same general effect: Long-lived proteins became longer-lived, whereas short-lived proteins remained largely unaffected. This effect is due to the relative strengths of degradation and dilution and suggests a mechanism for differential killing of rapidly growing cells by growth-arresting drugs. This approach opens a way to understand proteome half-life dynamics in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Eden
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Ragàs X, Cooper LP, White JH, Nonell S, Flors C. Quantification of Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Production by a Fluorescent Protein. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:161-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rahmanzadeh R, Rai P, Celli JP, Rizvi I, Baron-Lühr B, Gerdes J, Hasan T. Ki-67 as a molecular target for therapy in an in vitro three-dimensional model for ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9234-42. [PMID: 21045152 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting molecular markers and pathways implicated in cancer cell growth is a promising avenue for developing effective therapies. Although the Ki-67 protein (pKi-67) is a key marker associated with aggressively proliferating cancer cells and poor prognosis, its full potential as a therapeutic target has never before been successfully shown. In this regard, its nuclear localization presents a major hurdle because of the need for intracellular and intranuclear delivery of targeting and therapeutic moieties. Using a liposomally encapsulated construct, we show for the first time the specific delivery of a Ki-67-directed antibody and subsequent light-triggered death in the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-5. Photoimmunoconjugate-encapsulating liposomes (PICEL) were constructed from anti-pKi-67 antibodies conjugated to fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate, as a photoactivatable agent, followed by encapsulation in noncationic liposomes. Nucleolar localization of the PICELs was confirmed by confocal imaging. Photodynamic activation with PICELs specifically killed pKi-67-positive cancer cells both in monolayer and in three-dimensional (3D) cultures of OVCAR-5 cells, with the antibody TuBB-9 targeting a physiologically active form of pKi-67 but not with MIB-1, directed to a different epitope. This is the first demonstration of (a) the exploitation of Ki-67 as a molecular target for therapy and (b) specific delivery of an antibody to the nucleolus in monolayer cancer cells and in an in vitro 3D model system. In view of the ubiquity of pKi-67 in proliferating cells in cancer and the specificity of targeting in 3D multicellular acini, these findings are promising and the approach merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Rahmanzadeh
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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