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Bosch G, Fuentes M, Erro J, Zamarreño ÁM, García-Mina JM. Hydrolysis of riboflavins in root exudates under iron deficiency and alkaline stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108573. [PMID: 38569423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Riboflavins are secreted under iron deficiency as a part of the iron acquisition Strategy I, mainly when the external pH is acidic. In plants growing under Fe-deficiency and alkaline conditions, riboflavins have been reported to accumulate inside the roots, with very low or negligible secretion. However, the fact that riboflavins may undergo hydrolysis under alkaline conditions has been so far disregarded. In this paper, we report the presence of riboflavin derivatives and products of their alkaline hydrolysis (lumichrome, lumiflavin and carboxymethylflavin) in nutrient solutions of Cucumis sativus plants grown under different iron regimes (soluble Fe-EDDHA in the nutrient solution, total absence of iron in the nutrient solution, or two different doses of FeSO4 supplied as a foliar spray), either cultivated in slightly acidic (pH 6) or alkaline (pH 8.8, 10 mM bicarbonate) nutrient solutions. The results show that root synthesis and exudation of riboflavins is controlled by shoot iron status, and that exuded riboflavins undergo hydrolysis, especially at alkaline pH, with lumichrome being the main product of hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Bosch
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Grupo Química y Biología Agrícola, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Marta Fuentes
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Grupo Química y Biología Agrícola, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Erro
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Grupo Química y Biología Agrícola, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ángel M Zamarreño
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Grupo Química y Biología Agrícola, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - José M García-Mina
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Grupo Química y Biología Agrícola, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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2
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Ajeethan N, Yurgel SN, Abbey L. Role of Bacteria-Derived Flavins in Plant Growth Promotion and Phytochemical Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13311. [PMID: 37686117 PMCID: PMC10488295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 bacteria secretes a considerable amount of flavins (FLs) and can form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legumes. This strain is also associated with non-legume plants. However, its role in plant growth promotion (PGP) of non-legumes is not well understood. The present study evaluated the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) plants inoculated with S. meliloti 1021 (FL+) and its mutant 1021ΔribBA, with a limited ability to secrete FLs (FL-). The results from this study indicated that inoculation with 1021 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the lengths and surface areas of the roots and hypocotyls of the seedlings compared to 1021ΔribBA. The kale and lettuce seedlings recorded 19% and 14% increases in total root length, respectively, following inoculation with 1021 compared to 1021ΔribBA. A greenhouse study showed that plant growth, photosynthetic rate, and yield were improved by 1021 inoculation. Moreover, chlorophylls a and b, and total carotenoids were more significantly (p < 0.05) increased in kale plants associated with 1021 than non-inoculated plants. In kale, total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 6% and 23%, respectively, and in lettuce, the increments were 102% and 57%, respectively, following 1021 inoculation. Overall, bacterial-derived FLs enhanced kale and lettuce plant growth, physiological indices, and yield. Future investigation will use proteomic approaches combined with plant physiological responses to better understand host-plant responses to bacteria-derived FLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivethika Ajeethan
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Svetlana N. Yurgel
- USDA, ARS, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Prosser, WA 99350, USA;
| | - Lord Abbey
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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3
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Ranner JL, Schalk S, Martyniak C, Parniske M, Gutjahr C, Stark TD, Dawid C. Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37466334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a leguminous model plant used to gain insight into plant physiology, stress response, and especially symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, such as root nodule symbiosis or arbuscular mycorrhiza. Responses to changing environmental conditions, stress, microbes, or insect pests are generally accompanied by changes in primary and secondary metabolism to account for physiological needs or to produce defensive or signaling compounds. Here we provide an overview of the primary and secondary metabolites identified in L. japonicus to date. Identification of the metabolites is mainly based on mass spectral tags (MSTs) obtained by gas chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS). These MSTs contain retention index and mass spectral information, which are compared to databases with MSTs of authentic standards. More than 600 metabolites are grouped into compound classes such as polyphenols, carbohydrates, organic acids and phosphates, lipids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, phytohormones, and additional defense compounds. Their physiological effects are briefly discussed, and the detection methods are explained. This review of the exisiting literature on L. japonicus metabolites provides a valuable basis for future metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef L Ranner
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schalk
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Cindy Martyniak
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship of Functional Phytometabolomics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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4
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Yurgel SN, Johnson SA, Rice J, Sa N, Bailes C, Baumgartner J, Pitzer JE, Roop RM, Roje S. A novel formamidase is required for riboflavin biosynthesis in invasive bacteria. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102377. [PMID: 35970388 PMCID: PMC9478397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of riboflavin, the precursor of the redox cofactors FMN and FAD, was thought to be well understood in bacteria, with all the pathway enzymes presumed to be known and essential. Our previous research has challenged this view by showing that, in the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, deletion of the ribBA gene encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the initial steps on the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway only causes a reduction in flavin secretion rather than riboflavin auxotrophy. This finding led us to hypothesize that RibBA participates in the biosynthesis of flavins destined for secretion, while S. meliloti has another enzyme that performs this function for internal cellular metabolism. Here, we identify and biochemically characterize a novel formamidase (SMc02977) involved in the production of riboflavin for intracellular functions in S. meliloti. This catalyst, which we named Sm-BrbF, releases formate from the early riboflavin precursor 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate (AFRPP) to yield 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate (DARoPP). We show that homologs of this enzyme are present in many bacteria, are highly abundant in the Rhizobiales order, and that sequence homologs from Brucella abortus and Liberobacter solanacearum complement the riboflavin auxotrophy of the Sm1021ΔSMc02977 mutant. Furthermore, we show that the B. abortus enzyme (Bab2_0247, Ba-BrbF) is also an AFRPP formamidase, and that the bab2_0247 mutant is a riboflavin auxotroph exhibiting a lower level of intracellular infection than the wild-type strain. Finally, we show that Sm-BrbF and Ba-BrbF directly interact with other riboflavin biosynthesis pathway enzymes. Together, our results provide novel insight into the intricacies of riboflavin biosynthesis in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Yurgel
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Prosser, WA, USA.
| | - Skylar A Johnson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Rice
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Na Sa
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Clayton Bailes
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - John Baumgartner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Josh E Pitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - R Martin Roop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Sanja Roje
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Park H, Seo SI, Lim JH, Song J, Seo JH, Kim PI. Screening of Carbofuran-Degrading Bacteria Chryseobacterium sp. BSC2-3 and Unveiling the Change in Metabolome during Carbofuran Degradation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030219. [PMID: 35323662 PMCID: PMC8950912 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbofuran is one of the most commonly used N-methylcarbamate-based pesticides and is excellent for controlling pests; however, carbofuran also causes soil and water pollution. Although various studies have been conducted on the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soil, the changes occurring in the metabolome during the bioremediation of carbofuran are not fully understood. In this study, the intracellular and extracellular metabolites of the Chryseobacterium sp. BSC2-3 strain were analysed during carbofuran degradation by using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. We found that the BSC2-3 strain extracellularly transformed carbofuran into 3-hydroxycarbofuran. Intracellular metabolite analysis revealed that carbofuran mainly affected aminobenzoate degradation, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. Carbofuran especially affected the metabolic pathway for the degradation of naphthalene and aminobenzoate. Metabolomics additionally revealed that the strain produces disease resistance inducers and plant growth regulators. We also identified the genes involved in the production of indole-3-acetic acid, which is one of the most active auxins. Overall, we identified the metabolic changes induced in carbofuran-degrading bacteria and the genes predicted to be responsible for the degradation of carbofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeseong Park
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, 241 Cheomdangwahak-ro, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.P.); (S.I.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Sun Il Seo
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, 241 Cheomdangwahak-ro, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.P.); (S.I.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hwan Lim
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, 241 Cheomdangwahak-ro, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.P.); (S.I.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jaekyeong Song
- Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea;
| | - Joo-Hyun Seo
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (P.I.K.); Tel.: +82-63-536-6001 (P.I.K.)
| | - Pyoung Il Kim
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, 241 Cheomdangwahak-ro, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.P.); (S.I.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (P.I.K.); Tel.: +82-63-536-6001 (P.I.K.)
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6
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Harnessing phytomicrobiome signals for phytopathogenic stress management. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Jana R, Gautam RK, Bapli A, Seth D. Photodynamics of biological active flavin in the presence of zwitterionic surfactants. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120304. [PMID: 34464918 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the flavin family of photoactive biomolecules, lumichrome (LM) is a very important compound. It contains a tri-cyclic structure with methyl groups at two sides. It formed by the partial decomposition and biodegradation of riboflavin in both acidic as well as in neutral medium. Herein, we have studied the photophysical properties of LM in the presence of two zwitterionic surfactants, namely dodecyldimethyl(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide inner salt (DSB), and tetradecyldimethyl(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide inner salt (TSB), having the same head group but a different tail part. We have used steady-state absorption, fluorescence emission, and time-resolved fluorescence emission measurements. We observed that in the presence of zwitterionic surfactant aggregates LM shows excitation and emission wavelength dependent emission properties, which demonstrate the structural changes that take place from one form to another prototropic form of LM molecule. The higher rotational relaxation time of LM in the case of DSB compared to TSB demonstrated that LM is facing more rigid environment in DSB micelles compared to TSB micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindranath Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Aloke Bapli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Debabrata Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India.
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Vidkjær NH, Schmidt S, Hu H, Bodawatta KH, Beemelmanns C, Poulsen M. Species- and Caste-Specific Gut Metabolomes in Fungus-Farming Termites. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120839. [PMID: 34940597 PMCID: PMC8707012 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-farming termites host gut microbial communities that contribute to the pre-digestion of plant biomass for manuring the fungal mutualist, and potentially to the production of defensive compounds that suppress antagonists. Termite colonies are characterized by complex division of labor and differences in diet between termite size (minor and major) and morphological (worker and soldier) castes, and this extends to the composition of their gut microbial communities. We hypothesized that gut metabolomes should mirror these differences and tested this through untargeted LC-MS/MS analyses of three South African species of fungus-farming termites. We found distinct metabolomes between species and across castes, especially between soldiers and workers. Primary metabolites dominate the metabolomes and the high number of overlapping features with the mutualistic fungus and plant material show distinct impacts of diet and the environment. The identification of a few bioactive compounds of likely microbial origin underlines the potential for compound discovery among the many unannotated features. Our untargeted approach provides a first glimpse into the complex gut metabolomes and our dereplication suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential defensive roles to be targeted in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Hjort Vidkjær
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.V.); (M.P.); Tel.: +45-353-324-41 (N.H.V.); +45-353-303-77 (M.P.)
| | - Suzanne Schmidt
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Haofu Hu
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (H.H.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Kasun H. Bodawatta
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.V.); (M.P.); Tel.: +45-353-324-41 (N.H.V.); +45-353-303-77 (M.P.)
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9
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The immediate effect of riboflavin and lumichrome on the mitigation of saline stress in the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana by the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Bapli A, Jana R, Pandit S, Seth D. Selective prototropism of lumichrome in the liposome/graphene oxide interface: A detailed spectroscopic study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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RNA-Seq Provides New Insights into the Gene Expression Changes in Azoarcus olearius BH72 under Nitrogen-Deficient and Replete Conditions beyond the Nitrogen Fixation Process. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091888. [PMID: 34576783 PMCID: PMC8467165 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Azoarcus olearius BH72 is an endophyte capable of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and of supplying nitrogen to its host plant. Our previous microarray approach provided insights into the transcriptome of strain BH72 under N2-fixation in comparison to ammonium-grown conditions, which already indicated the induction of genes not related to the BNF process. Due to the known limitations of the technique, we might have missed additional differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Thus, we used directional RNA-Seq to better comprehend the transcriptional landscape under these growth conditions. RNA-Seq detected almost 24% of the annotated genes to be regulated, twice the amount identified by microarray. In addition to confirming entire regulated operons containing known DEGs, the new approach detected the induction of genes involved in carbon metabolism and flagellar and twitching motility. This may support N2-fixation by increasing energy production and by finding suitable microaerobic niches. On the other hand, energy expenditures were reduced by suppressing translation and vitamin biosynthesis. Nonetheless, strain BH72 does not appear to be content with N2-fixation but is primed for alternative economic N-sources, such as nitrate, urea or amino acids; a strong gene induction of machineries for their uptake and assimilation was detected. RNA-Seq has thus provided a better understanding of a lifestyle under limiting nitrogen sources by elucidating hitherto unknown regulated processes.
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Onat B, Rosales-Solano H, Ferrier L, Pawliszyn J. Identification of the metabolites regulated in soybean-Rhizobia symbiosis through solid phase microextraction coupled with LC-MS. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461934. [PMID: 33611117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Legumes provide one of the uniquely nutrient-rich food sources to the population and are one of the primary field crops that play significant roles in agricultural sustainability. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum is necessary for the high yield of leguminous crops, i.e. soybean. Nodulation of soybean by Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a complex process that is essential for cultivation of these legumes and external stress factors, such as draught and soil acidity, that influence the nodulation and crop yield. Alterations in the nodule metabolites are known to identify the type of stress that mitigates nodulation and lowers crop yield. Current techniques aimed at understanding the metabolic activities in the symbiont, such as in the case of metabolic regulations in varying nodule growth phases, rely on exhaustive techniques based on the removal of nodules or other plant tissue. Aiming to capture a more in-depth, accurate profile of this system without quenching the metabolic activity in the nodules, or removing the nodules, a workflow was prepared for the metabolite sampling through in vivo solid phase microextraction in thin film format (TF-SPME). This technique was followed by LC-QTOF-MS instrumental analysis with subsequent metabolite annotation and reference standard validation. Our approach is unique in terms of eliminating the effects that arise due to analyte partition coefficients. We show that the symbiont undergoes metabolic regulations throughout the cultivation period, displaying the efficacy of TF-SPME as a non-exhaustive sampling method that can be used as a tool to investigate the metabolic alterations in nodules. These alterations would potentially fingerprint the environmental effects on soybean yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Onat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura Ferrier
- (Member) Ontario Certified Crop Advisor Association, Elmira, ON, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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13
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Peng H, de- Bashan LE, Higgins BT. Comparison of algae growth and symbiotic mechanisms in the presence of plant growth promoting bacteria and non-plant growth promoting bacteria. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Jaiswal SK, Mohammed M, Ibny FYI, Dakora FD. Rhizobia as a Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Molecules: Potential Applications and Possible Operational Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.619676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction between rhizobia and legumes that leads to nodule formation is a complex chemical conversation involving plant release of nod-gene inducing signal molecules and bacterial secretion of lipo-chito-oligossacharide nodulation factors. During this process, the rhizobia and their legume hosts can synthesize and release various phytohormones, such as IAA, lumichrome, riboflavin, lipo-chito-oligossacharide Nod factors, rhizobitoxine, gibberellins, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, ethylene, cytokinins and the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase that can directly or indirectly stimulate plant growth. Whereas these attributes may promote plant adaptation to various edapho-climatic stresses including the limitations in nutrient elements required for plant growth promotion, tapping their full potential requires understanding of the mechanisms involved in their action. In this regard, several N2-fixing rhizobia have been cited for plant growth promotion by solubilizing soil-bound P in the rhizosphere via the synthesis of gluconic acid under the control of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) genes, just as others are known for the synthesis and release of siderophores for enhanced Fe nutrition in plants, the chelation of heavy metals in the reclamation of contaminated soils, and as biocontrol agents against diseases. Some of these metabolites can enhance plant growth via the suppression of the deleterious effects of other antagonistic molecules, as exemplified by the reduction in the deleterious effect of ethylene by ACC deaminase synthesized by rhizobia. Although symbiotic rhizobia are capable of triggering biological outcomes with direct and indirect effects on plant mineral nutrition, insect pest and disease resistance, a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved remains a challenge in tapping the maximum benefits of the molecules involved. Rather than the effects of individual rhizobial or plant metabolites however, a deeper understanding of their synergistic interactions may be useful in alleviating the effects of multiple plant stress factors for increased growth and productivity.
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15
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Weiss G, Kovalerchick D, Lieman-Hurwitz J, Murik O, De Philippis R, Carmeli S, Sukenik A, Kaplan A. Increased algicidal activity of Aeromonas veronii in response to Microcystis aeruginosa: interspecies crosstalk and secondary metabolites synergism. Environ Microbiol 2020; 21:1140-1150. [PMID: 30761715 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toxic Microcystis spp. blooms constitute a serious threat to water quality worldwide. Aeromonas veronii was isolated from Microcystis sp. colonies collected in Lake Kinneret. Spent Aeromonas media inhibits the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa MGK isolated from Lake Kinneret. The inhibition was much stronger when Aeromonas growth medium contained spent media from MGK suggesting that Aeromonas recognized its presence and produced secondary metabolites that inhibit Microcystis growth. Fractionations of the crude extract and analyses of the active fractions identified several secondary metabolites including lumichrome in Aeromonas media. Application of lumichrome at concentrations as low as 4 nM severely inhibited Microcystis growth. Inactivation of aviH in the lumichrome biosynthetic pathway altered the lumichrome level in Aeromonas and the extent of MGK growth inhibition. Conversely, the initial lag in Aeromonas growth was significantly longer when provided with Microcystis spent media but Aeromonas was able to resume normal growth. The longer was pre-exposure to Microcystis spent media the shorter was the lag phase in Aeromonas growth indicating the presence of, and acclimation to, secondary MGK metabolite(s) the nature of which was not revealed. Our study may help to control toxic Microcystis blooms taking advantage of chemical languages used in the interspecies communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Weiss
- Plants and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Dimitry Kovalerchick
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.,Plants and Environmental Sciences, Metabomed Ltd, Yavne, 81220, Israel
| | - Judy Lieman-Hurwitz
- Plants and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Omer Murik
- Plants and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Roberto De Philippis
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- Plants and Environmental Sciences, The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Plants and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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16
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Lyu D, Backer R, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Phytomicrobiome Coordination Signals Hold Potential for Climate Change-Resilient Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32523595 PMCID: PMC7261841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A plant growing under natural conditions is always associated with a substantial, diverse, and well-orchestrated community of microbes-the phytomicrobiome. The phytomicrobiome genome is larger and more fluid than that of the plant. The microbes of the phytomicrobiome assist the plant in nutrient uptake, pathogen control, stress management, and overall growth and development. At least some of this is facilitated by the production of signal compounds, both plant-to-microbe and microbe back to the plant. This is best characterized in the legume nitrogen fixing and mycorrhizal symbioses. More recently lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) and thuricin 17, two microbe-to-plant signals, have been shown to regulate stress responses in a wide range of plant species. While thuricin 17 production is constitutive, LCO signals are only produced in response to a signal from the plant. We discuss how some signal compounds will only be discovered when root-associated microbes are exposed to appropriate plant-to-microbe signals (positive regulation), and this might only happen under specific conditions, such as abiotic stress, while others may only be produced in the absence of a particular plant-to-microbe signal molecule (negative regulation). Some phytomicrobiome members only elicit effects in a specific crop species (specialists), while other phytomicrobiome members elicit effects in a wide range of crop species (generalists). We propose that some specialists could exhibit generalist activity when exposed to signals from the correct plant species. The use of microbe-to-plant signals can enhance crop stress tolerance and could result in more climate change resilient agricultural systems.
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17
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Lopez BR, Palacios OA, Bashan Y, Hernández-Sandoval FE, de-Bashan LE. Riboflavin and lumichrome exuded by the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense promote growth and changes in metabolites in Chlorella sorokiniana under autotrophic conditions. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101696 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Lopez BR, Palacios OA, Bashan Y, Hernández-Sandoval FE, de-Bashan LE. Riboflavin and lumichrome exuded by the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense promote growth and changes in metabolites in Chlorella sorokiniana under autotrophic conditions. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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20
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Asad SA, Farooq M, Afzal A, West H. Integrated phytobial heavy metal remediation strategies for a sustainable clean environment - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:925-941. [PMID: 30586789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in the environment is a global threat which accelerated after the industrial revolution. Remediation of these noxious elements has been widely investigated and multifarious technologies have been practiced for many decades. Phytoremediation has attracted much attention from researchers. Under this technology, heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants have been extensively employed to extract extraordinary concentrations of heavy metals but slow growth, limited biomass and stresses caused by heavy metals imperil the efficiency of hyperaccumulators. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can help overcome/lessen heavy metal-induced adversities. PGPR produce several metabolites, including growth hormones, siderophores and organic acids, which aid in solubilization and provision of essential nutrients (e.g. Fe and Mg) to the plant. Hyperaccumulator plants may be employed to remediate metal contaminated sites. Use of PGPR to enhance growth of hyperaccumulator plant species may enhance their metal accumulating capacity by increasing metal availability and also by alleviating plant stress induced by the heavy metals. Combined use of hyperaccumulator plants and PGPR may prove to be a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology to clean heavy metal contaminated sites on a sustainable basis. This review discusses the current status of PGPR in improving the growth and development of hyperaccumulator plants growing in metal contaminated environments. The mechanisms used by these rhizosphere bacteria in increasing the availability of heavy metals to plants and coping with heavy metal stresses are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ahmad Asad
- Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Helen West
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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21
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Bustamante-Brito R, Vera-Ponce de León A, Rosenblueth M, Martínez-Romero JC, Martínez-Romero E. Metatranscriptomic Analysis of the Bacterial Symbiont Dactylopiibacterium carminicum from the Carmine Cochineal Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae). Life (Basel) 2019; 9:life9010004. [PMID: 30609847 PMCID: PMC6463064 DOI: 10.3390/life9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The scale insect Dactylopius coccus produces high amounts of carminic acid, which has historically been used as a pigment by pre-Hispanic American cultures. Nowadays carmine is found in food, cosmetics, and textiles. Metagenomic approaches revealed that Dactylopius spp. cochineals contain two Wolbachia strains, a betaproteobacterium named Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum and Spiroplasma, in addition to different fungi. We describe here a transcriptomic analysis indicating that Dactylopiibacterium is metabolically active inside the insect host, and estimate that there are over twice as many Dactylopiibacterium cells in the hemolymph than in the gut, with even fewer in the ovary. Albeit scarce, the transcripts in the ovaries support the presence of Dactylopiibacterium in this tissue and a vertical mode of transmission. In the cochineal, Dactylopiibacterium may catabolize plant polysaccharides, and be active in carbon and nitrogen provisioning through its degradative activity and by fixing nitrogen. In most insects, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in the gut, but in this study they are shown to occur in the hemolymph, probably delivering essential amino acids and riboflavin to the host from nitrogen substrates derived from nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bustamante-Brito
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico.
| | - Arturo Vera-Ponce de León
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Mónica Rosenblueth
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico.
| | - Julio César Martínez-Romero
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico.
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico.
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22
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Monteverde DR, Sylvan JB, Suffridge C, Baronas JJ, Fichot E, Fuhrman J, Berelson W, Sañudo-Wilhelmy SA. Distribution of Extracellular Flavins in a Coastal Marine Basin and Their Relationship to Redox Gradients and Microbial Community Members. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12265-12274. [PMID: 30257556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The flavins (including flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and riboflavin (RF)) are a class of organic compounds synthesized by organisms to assist in critical redox reactions. While known to be secreted extracellularly by some species in laboratory-based cultures, flavin concentrations are largely unreported in the natural environment. Here, we present pore water and water column profiles of extracellular flavins (FMN and RF) and two degradation products (lumiflavin and lumichrome) from a coastal marine basin in the Southern California Bight alongside ancillary geochemical and 16S rRNA microbial community data. Flavins were detectable at picomolar concentrations in the water column (93-300 pM FMN, 14-40 pM RF) and low nanomolar concentrations in pore waters (250-2070 pM FMN, 11-210 pM RF). Elevated pore water flavin concentrations displayed an increasing trend with sediment depth and were significantly correlated with the total dissolved Fe (negative) and Mn (positive) concentrations. Network analysis revealed a positive relationship between flavins and the relative abundance of Dehalococcoidia and the MSBL9 clade of Planctomycetes, indicating possible secretion by members of these lineages. These results suggest that flavins are a common component of the so-called shared extracellular metabolite pool, especially in anoxic marine sediments where they exist at physiologically relevant concentrations for metal oxide reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Monteverde
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California United States
| | - Jason B Sylvan
- Department of Oceanography , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas United States
| | - Christopher Suffridge
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California United States
| | - J Jotautas Baronas
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California United States
| | - Erin Fichot
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California United States
| | - Jed Fuhrman
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California United States
| | - William Berelson
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California United States
| | - Sergio A Sañudo-Wilhelmy
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California United States
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California United States
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23
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Mesa-Marín J, Del-Saz NF, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Redondo-Gómez S, Pajuelo E, Ribas-Carbó M, Mateos-Naranjo E. PGPR Reduce Root Respiration and Oxidative Stress Enhancing Spartina maritima Root Growth and Heavy Metal Rhizoaccumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1500. [PMID: 30386359 PMCID: PMC6199767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to unravel ecophysiological mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions under natural abiotic stress conditions, specifically heavy metal pollution. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bioaugmentation on Spartina maritima in vivo root respiration and oxidative stress was investigated. This autochthonous plant is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator cordgrass growing in one of the most polluted estuaries in the world. The association with native PGPR is being studied with a view to their biotechnological potential in environmental decontamination. As a novelty, the oxygen-isotope fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo activities of cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways. Inoculated plants showed decreased antioxidant enzymatic activities and in vivo root respiration rates. The reduction in respiratory carbon consumption and the stress alleviation may explain the increments observed in S. maritima root biomass and metal rhizoaccumulation after inoculation. For the first time, plant carbon balance and PGPR are interrelated to explain the effect of rhizobacteria under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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24
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Pholo M, Coetzee B, Maree HJ, Young PR, Lloyd JR, Kossmann J, Hills PN. Cell division and turgor mediate enhanced plant growth in Arabidopsis plants treated with the bacterial signalling molecule lumichrome. PLANTA 2018; 248:477-488. [PMID: 29777364 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis indicates that the bacterial signalling molecule lumichrome enhances plant growth through a combination of enhanced cell division and cell enlargement, and possibly enhances photosynthesis. Lumichrome (7,8 dimethylalloxazine), a novel multitrophic signal molecule produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria, has previously been shown to elicit growth promotion in different plant species (Phillips et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:12275-12280, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.22.12275 , 1999). However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this plant growth promotion remain obscure. Global transcript profiling using RNA-seq suggests that lumichrome enhances growth by inducing genes impacting on turgor driven growth and mitotic cell cycle that ensures the integration of cell division and expansion of developing leaves. The abundance of XTH9 and XPA4 transcripts was attributed to improved mediation of cell-wall loosening to allow turgor-driven cell enlargement. Mitotic CYCD3.3, CYCA1.1, SP1L3, RSW7 and PDF1 transcripts were increased in lumichrome-treated Arabidopsis thaliana plants, suggesting enhanced growth was underpinned by increased cell differentiation and expansion with a consequential increase in biomass. Synergistic ethylene-auxin cross-talk was also observed through reciprocal over-expression of ACO1 and SAUR54, in which ethylene activates the auxin signalling pathway and regulates Arabidopsis growth by both stimulating auxin biosynthesis and modulating the auxin transport machinery to the leaves. Decreased transcription of jasmonate biosynthesis and responsive-related transcripts (LOX2; LOX3; LOX6; JAL34; JR1) might contribute towards suppression of the negative effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) such as chlorophyll loss and decreases in RuBisCO and photosynthesis. This work contributes towards a deeper understanding of how lumichrome enhances plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motlalepula Pholo
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Beatrix Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Institute for Deciduous Fruit, Vines and Wine, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Hans J Maree
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Institute for Deciduous Fruit, Vines and Wine, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Philip R Young
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - James R Lloyd
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Paul N Hills
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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25
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Son S, Kim E, Kim JW, Ko SK, Lee B, Lee JS, Hong YS, Jang JH, Ahn JS. Isolation and Structure Determination of a New Lumichrome Glycoside Isolated from a Soil Streptomyces sp. KCB16C001. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial studies of soil samples collected at Ochang, Korea led to the isolation of the actinobacterium Streptomyces sp. KCB16C001. Subsequent LC/MS analysis of the culture extract for dereplication purposes enabled the identification of a new metabolite ochangoside (1), whose chemical structure was determined to be 1-( α -L-rhamnosyl)-lumichrome by scale-up purification and structure elucidation procedures based mainly on NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Determination of the stereochemistry of the sugar moiety was achieved by LC/MS analysis of the sugar derivatized with L-cysteine methyl ester and o -tolyl isothiocyanate. Our results represent a rare example of natural lumichrome glycoside with a sugar unit attached at N −1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkeun Son
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsan Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Hong
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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26
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Liu H, Wang X, Qi H, Wang Q, Chen Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Qiu L, Fontana JE, Zhang B, Wang W, Xie Y. The infection and impact of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187947. [PMID: 29190702 PMCID: PMC5708735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our previous study, cereal crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) could be infected by rhizobia Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571, and form para-nodules with the induction of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a common plant growth regulator. To enhance this infection and the potential agricultural application, we compared six different infection methods (Direct seed dip; Seed germination dip; Pruned-root dip; Foliar spray; Circum-soil dip; Seed dip and circum-soil dip) for achieving the high efficient infection of A. caulinodans into wheat plants by employing a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled Azorhizobium caulinodans strain ORS571. With proper methods, copious rhizobia could enter the interior and promote the growth of wheat to the hilt. Circum-soil dip was proved to be the most efficient method, seed germination dip and pruned-root dip is the last recommended to infect wheat, seed germination dip and seed dip and circum-soil dip showed better effects on plant growth, pruned-root dip did not show too much effect on plant growth. This study laid the foundation for understanding the interaction between rhizobia and cereal crops and the growth-promoting function of rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaiting Qi
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongchao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Julia Elise Fontana
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Weiling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (WW)
| | - Yingge Xie
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (WW)
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Abstract
Riboflavin derivatives are essential cofactors for a myriad of flavoproteins. In bacteria, flavins importance extends beyond their role as intracellular protein cofactors, as secreted flavins are a key metabolite in a variety of physiological processes. Bacteria obtain riboflavin through the endogenous riboflavin biosynthetic pathway (RBP) or by the use of importer proteins. Bacteria frequently encode multiple paralogs of the RBP enzymes and as for other micronutrient supply pathways, biosynthesis and uptake functions largely coexist. It is proposed that bacteria shut down biosynthesis and would rather uptake riboflavin when the vitamin is environmentally available. Recently, the overlap of riboflavin provisioning elements has gained attention and the functions of duplicated paralogs of RBP enzymes started to be addressed. Results point towards the existence of a modular structure in the bacterial riboflavin supply pathways. Such structure uses subsets of RBP genes to supply riboflavin for specific functions. Given the importance of riboflavin in intra and extracellular bacterial physiology, this complex array of riboflavin provision pathways may have developed to contend with the various riboflavin requirements. In riboflavin-prototrophic bacteria, riboflavin transporters could represent a module for riboflavin provision for particular, yet unidentified processes, rather than substituting for the RBP as usually assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Antonio García-Angulo
- a Microbiology and Mycology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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28
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Genomes of Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii wDacA and Candidatus Wolbachia pipientis wDacB from the Cochineal Insect Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3343-3349. [PMID: 27543297 PMCID: PMC5068953 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dactylopius species, known as cochineal insects, are the source of the carminic acid dye used worldwide. The presence of two Wolbachia strains in Dactylopius coccus from Mexico was revealed by PCR amplification of wsp and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. A metagenome analysis recovered the genome sequences of Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii wDacA (supergroup A) and Candidatus Wolbachia pipientis wDacB (supergroup B). Genome read coverage, as well as 16S rRNA clone sequencing, revealed that wDacB was more abundant than wDacA. The strains shared similar predicted metabolic capabilities that are common to Wolbachia, including riboflavin, ubiquinone, and heme biosynthesis, but lacked other vitamin and cofactor biosynthesis as well as glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and sugar uptake systems. A complete tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis were predicted as well as limited amino acid biosynthesis. Uptake and catabolism of proline were evidenced in Dactylopius Wolbachia strains. Both strains possessed WO-like phage regions and type I and type IV secretion systems. Several efflux systems found suggested the existence of metal toxicity within their host. Besides already described putative virulence factors like ankyrin domain proteins, VlrC homologs, and patatin-like proteins, putative novel virulence factors related to those found in intracellular pathogens like Legionella and Mycobacterium are highlighted for the first time in Wolbachia. Candidate genes identified in other Wolbachia that are likely involved in cytoplasmic incompatibility were found in wDacB but not in wDacA.
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Maity B, Ahmed SA, Seth D. Interaction of Biologically Active Flavins inside Bile Salt Aggregates: Molecular Level Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9854-66. [PMID: 27557394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have studied the photophysics of biologically active flavin molecule lumichrome (LCM) in different bile-salt aggregates. With alteration of the functional groups of the bile salts, the photophysics of confined fluorophore is largely affected and shows difference in their spectral behavior. This study also reveals the selective prototropic species of LCM present in bile salt aggregates. In the presence of the bile salt aggregates, LCM molecule shows excitation and emission wavelength-dependent emission properties, indicating switch over of the structural change of different prototropic form of the LCM molecule. The observation of higher rotational relaxation time in NaDC aggregates compared to NaTC aggregates clearly reflects that NaDC aggregates are more rigid due to its greater hydrophobicity and large in size, which is capable to bind the guest molecule more into their nanoconfined medium. Moreover, due to less acidic nature, NaDC aggregates have more ability to accept hydrogen bond from the LCM molecule and show the selective formation of isoalloxazine N10 anion (A1 monoanionic form) of LCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banibrata Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna , Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Sayeed Ashique Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna , Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Debabrata Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna , Patna 801103, Bihar, India
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Xu H, Chakrabarty Y, Philmus B, Mehta AP, Bhandari D, Hohmann HP, Begley TP. Identification of the First Riboflavin Catabolic Gene Cluster Isolated from Microbacterium maritypicum G10. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23506-23515. [PMID: 27590337 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin is a common cofactor, and its biosynthetic pathway is well characterized. However, its catabolic pathway, despite intriguing hints in a few distinct organisms, has never been established. This article describes the isolation of a Microbacterium maritypicum riboflavin catabolic strain, and the cloning of the riboflavin catabolic genes. RcaA, RcaB, RcaD, and RcaE were overexpressed and biochemically characterized as riboflavin kinase, riboflavin reductase, ribokinase, and riboflavin hydrolase, respectively. Based on these activities, a pathway for riboflavin catabolism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Yindrila Chakrabarty
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Benjamin Philmus
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Angad P Mehta
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Dhananjay Bhandari
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Hans-Peter Hohmann
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Tadhg P Begley
- From the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Dakora FD, Matiru VN, Kanu AS. Rhizosphere ecology of lumichrome and riboflavin, two bacterial signal molecules eliciting developmental changes in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:700. [PMID: 26442016 PMCID: PMC4568397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lumichrome and riboflavin are novel molecules from rhizobial exudates that stimulate plant growth. Reported studies have revealed major developmental changes elicited by lumichrome at very low nanomolar concentrations (5 nM) in plants, which include early initiation of trifoliate leaves, expansion of unifoliate and trifoliate leaves, increased stem elongation and leaf area, and consequently greater biomass accumulation in monocots and dicots. But higher lumichrome concentration (50 nM) depressed root development and reduced growth of unifoliate and second trifoliate leaves. While the mechanisms remain unknown, it is possible that lumichrome released by rhizobia induced the biosynthesis of classical phytohormones that caused the observed developmental changes in plants. We also showed in earlier studies that applying either 10 nM lumichrome, 10 nM ABA, or 10 ml of infective rhizobial cells (0.2 OD600) to roots of monocots and dicots for 44 h produced identical effects, which included decreased stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration in Bambara groundnut, soybean, and maize, increased stomatal conductance and transpiration in cowpea and lupin, and elevated root respiration in maize (19% by rhizobia and 20% by lumichrome). Greater extracellular exudation of lumichrome, riboflavin and indole acetic acid by N2-fixing rhizobia over non-fixing bacteria is perceived to be an indication of their role as symbiotic signals. This is evidenced by the increased concentration of lumichrome and riboflavin in the xylem sap of cowpea and soybean plants inoculated with infective rhizobia. In fact, greater xylem concentration of lumichrome in soybean and its correspondingly increased accumulation in leaves was found to result in dramatic developmental changes than in cowpea. Furthermore, lumichrome and riboflavin secreted by soil rhizobia are also known to function as (i) ecological cues for sensing environmental stress, (ii) growth factors for microbes, plants, and humans, (iii) signals for stomatal functioning in land plants, and (iv) protectants/elicitors of plant defense. The fact that exogenous application of ABA to plant roots caused the same effect as lumichrome on leaf stomatal functioning suggests molecular cross-talk in plant response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix D. Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Viviene N. Matiru
- Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred S. Kanu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
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Haichar FEZ, Santaella C, Heulin T, Achouak W. Root exudates mediated interactions belowground. SOIL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 77:69-80. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Yurgel SN, Rice J, Domreis E, Lynch J, Sa N, Qamar Z, Rajamani S, Gao M, Roje S, Bauer WD. Sinorhizobium meliloti flavin secretion and bacteria-host interaction: role of the bifunctional RibBA protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:437-445. [PMID: 24405035 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-13-0338-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of Medicago spp. and other legumes, secretes a considerable amount of riboflavin. This precursor of the cofactors flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide is a bioactive molecule that has a beneficial effect on plant growth. The ribBA gene of S. meliloti codes for a putative bifunctional enzyme with dihydroxybutanone phosphate synthase and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase II activities, catalyzing the initial steps of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway. We show here that an in-frame deletion of ribBA does not cause riboflavin auxotrophy or affect the ability of S. meliloti to establish an effective symbiosis with the host plant but does affect the ability of the bacteria to secrete flavins, colonize host-plant roots, and compete for nodulation. A strain missing the RibBA protein retains considerable GTP cyclohydrolase II activity. Based on these results, we hypothesize that S. meliloti has two partly interchangeable modules for biosynthesis of riboflavin, one fulfilling the internal need for flavins in bacterial metabolism and the other producing riboflavin for secretion. Our data also indicate that bacteria-derived flavins play a role in communication between rhizobia and the legume host and that the RibBA protein is important in this communication process even though it is not essential for riboflavin biosynthesis and symbiosis.
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Vayá I, Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Jiménez MC, Miranda MA. Photoactive assemblies of organic compounds and biomolecules: drug–protein supramolecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4102-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the drug excited state properties within proteins provides information on binding and may result in a different photoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Vayá
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46071 Valencia, Spain
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Description of a riboflavin biosynthetic gene variant prevalent in the phylum Proteobacteria. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:5479-86. [PMID: 24097946 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00651-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which are cofactors essential for a host of intracellular redox reactions. Microorganisms synthesize flavins de novo to fulfill nutritional requirements, but it is becoming increasingly clear that flavins play a wider role in cellular physiology than was previously appreciated. Flavins mediate diverse processes beyond the cytoplasmic membrane, including iron acquisition, extracellular respiration, and interspecies interactions. While investigating the regulation of flavin electron shuttle biosynthesis in the Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis, we discovered that a riboflavin biosynthetic gene (ribBA) annotated as encoding a bifunctional 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate (DHBP) synthase/GTP cyclohydrolase II does not possess both functions. The novel gene, renamed ribBX here, encodes an amino-terminal DHBP synthase domain. The carboxy-terminal end of RibBX not only lacks GTP cyclohydrolase II activity but also has evolved a different function altogether in S. oneidensis, regulating the activity of the DHBP synthase domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the misannotation of ribBX as ribBA is rampant throughout the phylum Proteobacteria (40% of 2,173 annotated ribBA genes) and that ribBX emerged early in the evolution of this group of microorganisms. We examined the functionality of representative ribBX genes from Beta-, Gamma-, and Epsilonproteobacteria and found that, consistent with sequence-based predictions, the encoded GTP cyclohydrolase II domains lack catalytic activity. The persistence of ribBX in the genomes of so many phylogenetically divergent bacterial species lends weight to the argument that ribBX has evolved a function which lends a selective advantage to the host.
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Kuś PM, Jerković I, Tuberoso CIG, Marijanović Z, Congiu F. Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) honey quality parameters: chromatographic fingerprints, chemical biomarkers, antioxidant capacity and others. Food Chem 2013; 142:12-8. [PMID: 24001807 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The samples of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) honey from Poland were subjected to ultrasonic solvent extraction applying the mixture of pentane and diethyl ether 1:2v/v (solvent A) as well as dichloromethane (solvent B). The major compounds of the extracts (analysed by GC-MS/GC-FID) were C13 and C9 norisoprenoids. Among them, (E)-3-oxo-retro-α-ionol (2.4-23.9% (solvent A); 3.9-14.4% (solvent B)) and (Z)-3-oxo-retro-α-ionol (3.7-29.9% (solvent A); 8.4-20.4% (solvent B)) were found to be useful as chemical biomarkers of this honey. Other abundant compounds were: methyl syringate (0.0-31.4% (solvent A); 0.0-25.4% (solvent B)) and 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutan-2-one (1.6-15.8% (solvent A); 5.1-15.1% (solvent B)). HPLC-DAD analysis of the samples revealed lumichrome (4.7-10.0mg/kg), riboflavin (1.9-2.7mg/kg) and phenyllactic acid (112.1-250.5mg/kg) as typical compounds for this honey type. Antioxidant and antiradical properties as well as total phenolic content of the samples were found to be rather moderate by FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) and Folin-Ciocalteu assays, respectively. Additionally, CIE L(∗)a(∗)b(∗)C(∗)h chromatic coordinates were evaluated. Colour attributes of cornflower honey were characterised by elevated values of L(∗) and particularly high values of b(∗) and h coordinates, which correspond to medium bright honey with intense yellow colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Marek Kuś
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, pl. Nankiera 1, 50-140 Wrocław, Poland
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López-Guerrero MG, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Rosenblueth M, Martinez-Romero J, Martïnez-Romero E. Buffet hypothesis for microbial nutrition at the rhizosphere. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:188. [PMID: 23785373 PMCID: PMC3682122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An emphasis is made on the diversity of nutrients that rhizosphere bacteria may encounter derived from roots, soil, decaying organic matter, seeds, or the microbial community. This nutrient diversity may be considered analogous to a buffet and is contrasting to the hypothesis of oligotrophy at the rhizosphere. Different rhizosphere bacteria may have preferences for some substrates and this would allow a complex community to be established at the rhizosphere. To profit from diverse nutrients, root-associated bacteria should have large degrading capabilities and many transporters (seemingly inducible) that may be encoded in a significant proportion of the large genomes that root-associated bacteria have. Rhizosphere microbes may have a tendency to evolve toward generalists. We propose that many genes with unknown function may encode enzymes that participate in degrading diverse rhizosphere substrates. Knowledge of bacterial genes required for nutrition at the rhizosphere will help to make better use of bacteria as plant-growth promoters in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esperanza Martïnez-Romero
- *Correspondence: Esperanza Martínez-Romero, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad SN, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico e-mail: ,
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Maity B, Chatterjee A, Seth D. Effect of nano-confinement on the photophysics of lumichrome. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ramírez-Puebla ST, Servín-Garcidueñas LE, Jiménez-Marín B, Bolaños LM, Rosenblueth M, Martínez J, Rogel MA, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Martínez-Romero E. Gut and root microbiota commonalities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2-9. [PMID: 23104406 PMCID: PMC3536091 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02553-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal guts and plant roots have absorption roles for nutrient uptake and converge in harboring large, complex, and dynamic groups of microbes that participate in degradation or modification of nutrients and other substances. Gut and root bacteria regulate host gene expression, provide metabolic capabilities, essential nutrients, and protection against pathogens, and seem to share evolutionary trends.
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Tuberoso CIG, Jerković I, Bifulco E, Marijanovic Z, Congiu F, Bubalo D. Riboflavin and lumichrome in Dalmatian sage honey and other unifloral honeys determined by LC-DAD technique. Food Chem 2012; 135:1985-90. [PMID: 22953948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B(2)) and its metabolite lumichrome were quantified in 117 samples from 11 unifloral honeys types (Arbutus unedo L., Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. et Viv., Citrus spp., Eucalyptus spp., Hedysarum coronarium L., Castanea sativa L. honeydew, Mentha spp., Paliurus spina-christi., Salix spp., Salvia officinalis L., Satureja spp.). The quantification of these two compounds was performed by LC-DAD method which does not require sample purification. The proposed method in our study has low limits of detection and quantification, very good linearity in a large concentration range and very good precision. It allows simultaneous determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and known chemical biomarkers of unifloral honeys such as abscisic acid diastereomers, homogentisic acid, methyl syringate and kynurenic acid. No statistical correlation was observed between riboflavin and lumichrome content. Although, the concentration of vitamin B(2) in honey may be too low (<6.1mg/kg) to generate interest in the field of nutrition, the presence of its main metabolite lumichrome may be useful to determine the botanical origin of certain unifloral honeys. In fact, the analysis of 11 unifloral honey types showed that Dalmatian sage (S. officinalis L.) honey is characterised by unusual high levels of lumichrome (20.2±2.6mg/kg). The botanical origin of lumichrome from sage flower was assessed by analysing bee-stomach extracts. Other analytical parameters, such as total phenols, antioxidant and antiradical activities, HMF and diastase activity were studied in Dalmatian sage honey.
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Effect of N and P nutrition on extracellular secretion of lumichrome, riboflavin and indole acetic acid by N2-fixing bacteria and endophytes isolated from Psoralea nodules. Symbiosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ultrafast dynamics of lumichrome in solution and in chemical and biological caging media. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pule-Meulenberg F, Gyogluu C, Naab J, Dakora FD. Symbiotic N nutrition, bradyrhizobial biodiversity and photosynthetic functioning of six inoculated promiscuous-nodulating soybean genotypes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:540-8. [PMID: 21044808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Six promiscuous soybean genotypes were assessed for their ability to nodulate with indigenous root-nodule bacteria in Ghana, with Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74 serving as positive control. Although the results revealed free nodulation of all six genotypes in both inoculated and uninoculated plots, there was a marked effect of inoculation on photosynthetic rates and whole-plant C. Inoculation also increased stomatal conductance in TGx1485-1D, TGx1448-2E, TGx1740-2F and TGx1445-3E, leading to significantly elevated transpiration rates in the last two genotypes, and a decrease in TGx1485-1D, TGx1440-1E and Salintuya-1, resulting in reduced leaf transpiration and decreased C accumulation. Nodulation, total plant biomass, plant N concentration and content also increased and ∂(15)N of the six genotypes, except for TGx1448-2E decreased. Significantly higher %Ndfa resulted in all the soybean genotypes tested (except for TGx1485-1D), and the symbiotic N yield in TGx1740-2F and TGx1448-2E doubled. PCR-RFLP revealed 18 distinct IGS types present in root nodules of the six promiscuous soybean genotypes, with IGS type II being isolated from all six genotypes, followed by IGS types X and XI from five out of the six genotypes. Marked differences in strain IGS type symbiotic efficiency were revealed. For example, as sole nodule occupant, IGS type XI produced high symbiotic N in TGx1445-3E, but low amounts in TGx1448-2E. Inoculated Salintuya-1, which trapped nine strain IGS types in its root nodules, was the most promiscuous genotype, but produced less symbiotic N compared to genotypes with fewer strains in their root nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Pule-Meulenberg
- Department of Biotechnology, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Marchena M, Gil M, Martín C, Organero JA, Sanchez F, Douhal A. Stability and Photodynamics of Lumichrome Structures in Water at Different pHs and in Chemical and Biological Caging Media. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2424-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marchena
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOL, Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S.N. 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Facultad de Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor Garcia Gonzalez, S.N. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michał Gil
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOL, Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S.N. 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOL, Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S.N. 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Angel Organero
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOL, Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S.N. 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez
- Facultad de Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor Garcia Gonzalez, S.N. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abderrazzak Douhal
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOL, Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S.N. 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Tuberoso CIG, Bifulco E, Caboni P, Sarais G, Cottiglia F, Floris I. Lumichrome and phenyllactic acid as chemical markers of thistle (Galactites tomentosa Moench) honey. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:364-369. [PMID: 21126007 DOI: 10.1021/jf1039074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS chromatograms of thistle (Galactites tomentosa Moench) unifloral honeys, previously selected by sensory evaluation and melissopalynological analysis, showed high levels of two compounds. One was characterized as phenyllactic acid, a common acid found in honeys, but the other compound was very unusual for honeys. This compound was extracted from honey with ethyl acetate and purified by SPE using C(18), SiOH, and NH(2) phases. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HPLC-MS/MS and Q-TOF analysis, and it was identified as lumichrome (7,8-dimethylalloxazine). Lumichrome is known to be the main product of degradation obtained in acid medium from riboflavin (vitamin B(2)), and this is the first report of the presence of lumichrome in honeys. Analysis of the G. tomentosa raw honey and flowers extracts confirmed the floral origin of this compound. The average amount of lumichrome in thistle honey was 29.4 ± 14.9 mg/kg, while phenyllactic acid was 418.6 ± 168.9 mg/kg. Lumichrome, along with the unusual high level of phenyllactic acid, could be used as a marker for the botanical classification of unifloral thistle (G. tomentosa) honey.
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Chi F, Yang P, Han F, Jing Y, Shen S. Proteomic analysis of rice seedlings infected by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. Proteomics 2010; 10:1861-74. [PMID: 20213677 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobial endophytes infect and colonize not only leguminous plants, but several non-leguminous species as well. Using green fluorescent protein tagging technique, it has been shown that Rhizobia infect different varieties of rice species and migrate from plant roots to aerial tissues such as leaf sheaths and leaves. The interaction between them was found to promote the growth of rice. The growth promotion is the cumulative result of enhanced photosynthesis and stress resistance. In addition, indole-3-acetic acid also contributes to the promotion. Gel-based comparative proteomic approaches were applied to analyze the protein profiles of three different tissues (root, leaf sheath and leaf) of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 inoculated rice in order to get an understanding about the molecular mechanism. Upon the inoculation of rhizobia, proteins involved in nine different functional categories were either up-regulated or down-regulated. Photosynthesis related proteins were up-regulated only in leaf sheath and leaf, while the up-regulated proteins in root were exclusively defense related. The results implied that there might have been an increase in the import and transport of proteins involved in light and dark reactions to the chloroplast as well as more efficient distribution of nutrients, hence enhanced photosynthesis. Although the initiation of defensive reactions mainly occurred in roots, some different defense mechanisms were also evoked in the aerial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chi
- The Research and Development Center for Energy Plants, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P R China
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Rhizosphere Signals for Plant–Microbe Interactions: Implications for Field-Grown Plants. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 72 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13145-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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López-López A, Rosenblueth M, Martínez J, Martínez-Romero E. Rhizobial Symbioses in Tropical Legumes and Non-Legumes. SOIL BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05076-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Electronic structure and spectral properties of selected trimethyl-alloxazines: Combined experimental and DFT study. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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