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Jerez MP, Ortiz J, Castro C, Escobar E, Sanhueza C, Del-Saz NF, Ribas-Carbo M, Coba de la Peña T, Ostria-Gallardo E, Fischer S, Castro PA, Bascunan-Godoy L. Nitrogen sources differentially affect respiration, growth, and carbon allocation in Andean and Lowland ecotypes of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1070472. [PMID: 37409289 PMCID: PMC10319013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1070472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a native species that originated in the High Andes plateau (Altiplano) and its cultivation spread out to the south of Chile. Because of the different edaphoclimatic characteristics of both regions, soils from Altiplano accumulated higher levels of nitrate (NO3-) than in the south of Chile, where soils favor ammonium (NH4 +) accumulation. To elucidate whether C. quinoa ecotypes differ in several physiological and biochemical parameters related to their capacity to assimilate NO3- and NH4 +, juvenile plants of Socaire (from Altiplano) and Faro (from Lowland/South of Chile) were grown under different sources of N (NO3- or NH4 +). Measurements of photosynthesis and foliar oxygen-isotope fractionation were carried out, together with biochemical analyses, as proxies for the analysis of plant performance or sensitivity to NH4 +. Overall, while NH4 + reduced the growth of Socaire, it induced higher biomass productivity and increased protein synthesis, oxygen consumption, and cytochrome oxidase activity in Faro. We discussed that ATP yield from respiration in Faro could promote protein production from assimilated NH4 + to benefit its growth. The characterization of this differential sensitivity of both quinoa ecotypes for NH4 + contributes to a better understanding of nutritional aspects driving plant primary productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Jerez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Escobar
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Teodoro Coba de la Peña
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Enrique Ostria-Gallardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Susana Fischer
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Producción vegetal Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio Alejandro Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luisa Bascunan-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Cifuentes L, González M, Pinto-Irish K, Álvarez R, Coba de la Peña T, Ostria-Gallardo E, Franck N, Fischer S, Barros G, Castro C, Ortiz J, Sanhueza C, Del-Saz NF, Bascunan-Godoy L, Castro PA. Metabolic imprint induced by seed halo-priming promotes a differential physiological performance in two contrasting quinoa ecotypes. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1034788. [PMID: 36865946 PMCID: PMC9971973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
"Memory imprint" refers to the process when prior exposure to stress prepares the plant for subsequent stress episodes. Seed priming is a strategy to change the performance of seedlings to cope with stress; however, mechanisms associated with the metabolic response are fragmentary. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae) is a promising crop to sustain food security and possesses a wide genetic diversity of salinity tolerance. To elucidate if the metabolic memory induced by seed halo-priming (HP) differs among contrasting saline tolerance plants, seeds of two ecotypes of Quinoa (Socaire from Atacama Salar, and BO78 from Chilean Coastal/lowlands) were treated with a saline solution and then germinated and grown under different saline conditions. The seed HP showed a more positive impact on the sensitive ecotype during germination and promoted changes in the metabolomic profile in both ecotypes, including a reduction in carbohydrates (starch) and organic acids (citric and succinic acid), and an increase in antioxidants (ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol) and related metabolites. These changes were linked to a further reduced level of oxidative markers (methionine sulfoxide and malondialdehyde), allowing improvements in the energy use in photosystem II under saline conditions in the salt-sensitive ecotype. In view of these results, we conclude that seed HP prompts a "metabolic imprint" related to ROS scavenger at the thylakoid level, improving further the physiological performance of the most sensitive ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Máximo González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Katherine Pinto-Irish
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Teodoro Coba de la Peña
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Enrique Ostria-Gallardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Nicolás Franck
- Centro de Estudios en Zonas Áridas (CEZA), Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Susana Fischer
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Producción vegetal Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gabriel Barros
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luisa Bascunan-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A. Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Batnini M, Fernández Del-Saz N, Fullana-Pericàs M, Palma F, Haddoudi I, Mrabet M, Ribas-Carbo M, Mhadhbi H. The alternative oxidase pathway is involved in optimizing photosynthesis in Medicago truncatula infected by Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Physiol Plant 2020; 169:600-611. [PMID: 32108952 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogen infection alters primary metabolism status and plant development. The alternative oxidase (AOX) has been hypothesized to increase under pathogen attack preventing reductions, thus optimizing photosynthesis and growth. In this study, two genotypes of Medicago truncatula, one relatively resistant (Jemalong A17) and one susceptible (TN1.11), were infected with Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. The in vivo foliar respiratory activities of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP) and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) were measured using the oxygen isotope fractionation. Gas exchange and photosynthesis-related parameters were measured and calculated together with antioxidant enzymes activities and organic acids contents. Our results show that the in vivo activity of AOX (valt ) plays a role under fungal infection. When infected with R. solani, the increase of valt in A17 was concomitant to an increase in net assimilation, in mesophyll conductance, to an improvement in the maximum velocity of Rubisco carboxylation and to unchanged malate content. However, under F. oxysporum infection, the induced valt was accompanied by an enhancement in the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC1.11.1.6) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; EC1.11.1.7), activities and to an unchanged tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. These results provide new insight into the role of the in vivo activity of AOX in coordinating primary metabolism interactions that, partly, modulate the relative resistance of M. truncatula to diseases caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Batnini
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammamlif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mateu Fullana-Pericàs
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Imen Haddoudi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammamlif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mrabet
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammamlif, Tunisia
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Haythem Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammamlif, Tunisia
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Ortíz J, Sanhueza C, Romero-Munar A, Hidalgo-Castellanos J, Castro C, Bascuñán-Godoy L, Coba de la Peña T, López-Gómez M, Florez-Sarasa I, Del-Saz NF. In Vivo Metabolic Regulation of Alternative Oxidase under Nutrient Deficiency-Interaction with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4201. [PMID: 32545597 PMCID: PMC7349880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway with nutrient metabolism is important for understanding how respiration modulates ATP synthesis and carbon economy in plants under nutrient deficiency. Although AOX activity reduces the energy yield of respiration, this enzymatic activity is upregulated under stress conditions to maintain the functioning of primary metabolism. The in vivo metabolic regulation of AOX activity by phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) and during plant symbioses with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium bacteria is still not fully understood. We highlight several findings and open questions concerning the in vivo regulation of AOX activity and its impact on plant metabolism during P deficiency and symbiosis with AMF. We also highlight the need for the identification of which metabolic regulatory factors of AOX activity are related to N availability and nitrogen-fixing legume-rhizobia symbiosis in order to improve our understanding of N assimilation and biological nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Antònia Romero-Munar
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur. Sector los Choapinos, 2940000 Rengo, Chile;
| | - Javier Hidalgo-Castellanos
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-C.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | | | - Miguel López-Gómez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-C.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
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5
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Mesa-Marín J, Del-Saz NF, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Redondo-Gómez S, Pajuelo E, Ribas-Carbó M, Mateos-Naranjo E. PGPR Reduce Root Respiration and Oxidative Stress Enhancing Spartina maritima Root Growth and Heavy Metal Rhizoaccumulation. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1500. [PMID: 30386359 PMCID: PMC6199767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to unravel ecophysiological mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions under natural abiotic stress conditions, specifically heavy metal pollution. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bioaugmentation on Spartina maritima in vivo root respiration and oxidative stress was investigated. This autochthonous plant is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator cordgrass growing in one of the most polluted estuaries in the world. The association with native PGPR is being studied with a view to their biotechnological potential in environmental decontamination. As a novelty, the oxygen-isotope fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo activities of cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways. Inoculated plants showed decreased antioxidant enzymatic activities and in vivo root respiration rates. The reduction in respiratory carbon consumption and the stress alleviation may explain the increments observed in S. maritima root biomass and metal rhizoaccumulation after inoculation. For the first time, plant carbon balance and PGPR are interrelated to explain the effect of rhizobacteria under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Del-Saz NF, Romero-Munar A, Cawthray GR, Palma F, Aroca R, Baraza E, Florez-Sarasa I, Lambers H, Ribas-Carbó M. Phosphorus concentration coordinates a respiratory bypass, synthesis and exudation of citrate, and the expression of high-affinity phosphorus transporters in Solanum lycopersicum. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:865-875. [PMID: 29380389 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit respiratory bypasses (e.g., the alternative oxidase [AOX]) and increase the synthesis of carboxylates in their organs (leaves and roots) in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency, which increases P uptake capacity. They also show differential expression of high-affinity inorganic phosphorus (Pi) transporters, thus avoiding P toxicity at a high P availability. The association between AOX and carboxylate synthesis was tested in Solanum lycopersicum plants grown at different soil P availability, by using plants grown under P-sufficient and P-limiting conditions and by applying a short-term (24 hr) P-sufficient pulse to plants grown under P limitation. Tests were also performed with plants colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which increased plant P concentration under reduced P availability. The in vivo activities of AOX and cytochrome oxidase were measured together with the concentration of carboxylates and the P concentration in plant organs. Gene transcription of Pi transporters (LePT1 and LePT2) was also studied. A coordinated response between plant P concentration with these traits was observed, indicating that a sufficient P availability in soil led to a suppression of both AOX activity and synthesis of citrate and a downregulation of the transcription of genes encoding high-affinity Pi transporters, presumably to avoid P toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Antonia Romero-Munar
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Elena Baraza
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma, 07122, Spain
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7
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Del-Saz NF, Ribas-Carbo M, McDonald AE, Lambers H, Fernie AR, Florez-Sarasa I. An In Vivo Perspective of the Role(s) of the Alternative Oxidase Pathway. Trends Plant Sci 2018; 23:206-219. [PMID: 29269217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research on the in vitro characterization of regulatory factors modulating the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway, the regulation of its activity in vivo is still not fully understood. Advances concerning in vivo regulation of AOX based on the oxygen-isotope fractionation technique are reviewed, and regulatory factors that merit future research are highlighted. In addition, we review and discuss the main biological functions assigned to the plant AOX, and suggest future experiments involving in vivo activity measurements to test different hypothesized physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Allison E McDonald
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Science Building, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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8
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Del-Saz NF, Romero-Munar A, Alonso D, Aroca R, Baraza E, Flexas J, Ribas-Carbo M. Respiratory ATP cost and benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with Nicotiana tabacum at different growth stages and under salinity. J Plant Physiol 2017; 218:243-248. [PMID: 28910702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth and maintenance partly depend on both respiration and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation in leaves. Under stress, ATP is needed to maintain the accumulated biomass. ATP production mostly proceeds from the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP), while respiration via the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) may decrease the production of ATP per oxygen consumed, especially under phosphorus (P) limitation and salinity conditions. Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is reputed by their positive effect on plant growth under stress at mature stages of colonization; however, fungal colonization may decrease plant growth at early stages. Thus, the present research is based on the hypothesis that AM fungus colonization will increase both foliar respiration and ATP production at mature stages of plant growth while decreasing them both at early stages. We used the oxygen-isotope-fractionation technique to study the in vivo respiratory activities and ATP production of the COP and AOP in AM and non-AM (NM) tobacco plants grown under P-limiting and saline conditions in sand at different growth stages (14, 28 and 49days). Our results suggest that AM symbiosis represents an ATP cost detrimental for shoot growth at early stages, whilst it represents a benefit on ATP allowing for faster rates of growth at mature stages, even under salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Antonia Romero-Munar
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Alonso
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Baraza
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Romero-Munar A, Del-Saz NF, Ribas-Carbó M, Flexas J, Baraza E, Florez-Sarasa I, Fernie AR, Gulías J. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis with Arundo donax Decreases Root Respiration and Increases Both Photosynthesis and Plant Biomass Accumulation. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:1115-1126. [PMID: 28060998 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis on plant growth is associated with the balance between costs and benefits. A feedback regulation loop has been described in which the higher carbohydrate cost to plants for AM symbiosis is compensated by increases in their photosynthetic rates. Nevertheless, plant carbon balance depends both on photosynthetic carbon uptake and respiratory carbon consumption. The hypothesis behind this research was that the role of respiration in plant growth under AM symbiosis may be as important as that of photosynthesis. This hypothesis was tested in Arundo donax L. plantlets inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae. We tested the effects of AM inoculation on both photosynthetic capacity and in vivo leaf and root respiration. Additionally, analyses of the primary metabolism and ion content were performed in both leaves and roots. AM inoculation increased photosynthesis through increased CO2 diffusion and electron transport in the chloroplast. Moreover, respiration decreased only in AM roots via the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP) as measured by the oxygen isotope technique. This decline in the COP can be related to the reduced respiratory metabolism and substrates (sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates) observed in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antònia Romero-Munar
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elena Baraza
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg, 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg, 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Javier Gulías
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Del-Saz NF, Florez-Sarasa I, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Mhadhbi H, Flexas J, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbó M. Salinity tolerance is related to cyanide-resistant alternative respiration in Medicago truncatula under sudden severe stress. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:2361-2369. [PMID: 27304415 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salt respiration is defined as the increase of respiration under early salt stress. However, the response of respiration varies depending on the degree of salt tolerance and salt stress. It has been hypothesized that the activity of the alternative pathway may increase preventing over-reduction of the ubiquinone pool in response to salinity, which in turn can increase respiration. Three genotypes of Medicago truncatula are reputed as differently responsive to salinity: TN1.11, A17 and TN6.18. We used the oxygen-isotope fractionation technique to study the in vivo respiratory activities of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP) and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) in leaves and roots of these genotypes treated with severe salt stress (300 mM) during 1 and 3 days. In parallel, AOX capacity, gas exchange measurements, relative water content and metabolomics were determined in control and treated plants. Our study shows for first time that salt respiration is induced by the triggered AOP in response to salinity. Moreover, this phenomenon coincides with increased levels of metabolites such as amino and organic acids, and is shown to be related with higher photosynthetic rate and water content in TN6.18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - María José Clemente-Moreno
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Haytem Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Legumes (LL), CBBC, BP 901, 2050, Hammam lif, Tunisia
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Florez-Sarasa I, Ribas-Carbo M, Del-Saz NF, Schwahn K, Nikoloski Z, Fernie AR, Flexas J. Unravelling the in vivo regulation and metabolic role of the alternative oxidase pathway in C3 species under photoinhibitory conditions. New Phytol 2016; 212:66-79. [PMID: 27321208 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) has been suggested to act as a sink for excess reducing power generated in the chloroplast under high-light (HL) stress and thus may reduce photoinhibition. The aim of this study was to compare different species to investigate the in vivo regulation and role of AOP under HL stress. The in vivo activities of AOP (νalt ) and the cytochrome oxidase pathway, chlorophyll fluorescence, metabolite profiles, alternative oxidase (AOX) capacity and protein amount were determined in leaves of five C3 species under growth light and after HL treatment. Differences in respiration and metabolite levels were observed among species under growth light conditions. The HL response of νalt was highly species dependent, correlated with the AOP capacity and independent of AOX protein content. Nevertheless, significant correlations were observed between νalt , levels of key metabolites and photosynthetic parameters. The results show that the species-specific response of νalt is caused by the differential post-translational regulation of AOX. Significant correlations between respiration, metabolites and photosynthetic performance across species suggest that AOP may permit stress-related amino acid synthesis, whilst maintaining photosynthetic activity under HL stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Kevin Schwahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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