1
|
Ullrich J, Haueis L, Ohlhoff C, Zemella A, Kubick S, Stech M. Solubilization of Oligomeric Cell-Free Synthesized Proteins Using SMA Copolymers. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2762:293-308. [PMID: 38315373 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3666-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Although membrane proteins are abundant in nature, their investigation is limited due to bottlenecks in heterologous overexpression and consequently restricted accessibility for downstream applications. In this chapter, we address these challenges by presenting a fast and straightforward synthesis platform based on eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) and an efficient solubilization strategy using styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers. We demonstrate CFPS of TWIK-1, a dimeric ion channel, based on Sf21 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect lysate showing homooligomerization and N-glycosylation enabled by endoplasmic reticulum-derived microsomes. Furthermore, we employ SMA copolymers for protein solubilization, which preserves the native-like microsomal environment. This approach not only retains the solubilized protein's suitability for downstream applications but also maintains the oligomerization and glycosylation of TWIK-1 post-solubilization. We validate the solubilization procedure using autoradiography, particle size analysis, and biomolecular fluorescence assay and confirm the very efficient, structurally intact solubilization of cell-free synthesized TWIK-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ullrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Haueis
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carsten Ohlhoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marlitt Stech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krishnarjuna B, Ramamoorthy A. Detergent-Free Isolation of Membrane Proteins and Strategies to Study Them in a Near-Native Membrane Environment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1076. [PMID: 36008970 PMCID: PMC9406181 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomic-resolution structural studies of membrane-associated proteins and peptides in a membrane environment are important to fully understand their biological function and the roles played by them in the pathology of many diseases. However, the complexity of the cell membrane has severely limited the application of commonly used biophysical and biochemical techniques. Recent advancements in NMR spectroscopy and cryoEM approaches and the development of novel membrane mimetics have overcome some of the major challenges in this area. For example, the development of a variety of lipid-nanodiscs has enabled stable reconstitution and structural and functional studies of membrane proteins. In particular, the ability of synthetic amphipathic polymers to isolate membrane proteins directly from the cell membrane, along with the associated membrane components such as lipids, without the use of a detergent, has opened new avenues to study the structure and function of membrane proteins using a variety of biophysical and biological approaches. This review article is focused on covering the various polymers and approaches developed and their applications for the functional reconstitution and structural investigation of membrane proteins. The unique advantages and limitations of the use of synthetic polymers are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bankala Krishnarjuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sandoval-Ibáñez O, Rolo D, Ghandour R, Hertle AP, Armarego-Marriott T, Sampathkumar A, Zoschke R, Bock R. De-etiolation-induced protein 1 (DEIP1) mediates assembly of the cytochrome b 6f complex in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4045. [PMID: 35831297 PMCID: PMC9279372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthesis requires the concerted action of large protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane. Recent work has provided fundamental insights into the three-dimensional structure of these complexes, but how they are assembled from hundreds of parts remains poorly understood. Particularly little is known about the biogenesis of the cytochrome b6f complex (Cytb6f), the redox-coupling complex that interconnects the two photosystems. Here we report the identification of a factor that guides the assembly of Cytb6f in thylakoids of chloroplasts. The protein, DE-ETIOLATION-INDUCED PROTEIN 1 (DEIP1), resides in the thylakoid membrane and is essential for photoautotrophic growth. Knock-out mutants show a specific loss of Cytb6f, and are defective in complex assembly. We demonstrate that DEIP1 interacts with the two cytochrome subunits of the complex, PetA and PetB, and mediates the assembly of intermediates in Cytb6f biogenesis. The identification of DEIP1 provides an entry point into the study of the assembly pathway of a crucial complex in photosynthetic electron transfer. The Cytb6f complex is a multi-subunit enzyme that couples the two photosystems during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Here the authors show that the thylakoid-localized DEIP1 protein interacts with the PetA and PetB subunits, and is essential for Cytb6f complex assembly in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sandoval-Ibáñez
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Rolo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rabea Ghandour
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander P Hertle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tegan Armarego-Marriott
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao Y, Thiele W, Saleh O, Scossa F, Arabi F, Zhang H, Sampathkumar A, Kühn K, Fernie A, Bock R, Schöttler MA, Zoschke R. Chloroplast translational regulation uncovers nonessential photosynthesis genes as key players in plant cold acclimation. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2056-2079. [PMID: 35171295 PMCID: PMC9048916 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved efficient multifaceted acclimation strategies to cope with low temperatures. Chloroplasts respond to temperature stimuli and participate in temperature sensing and acclimation. However, very little is known about the involvement of chloroplast genes and their expression in plant chilling tolerance. Here we systematically investigated cold acclimation in tobacco seedlings over 2 days of exposure to low temperatures by examining responses in chloroplast genome copy number, transcript accumulation and translation, photosynthesis, cell physiology, and metabolism. Our time-resolved genome-wide investigation of chloroplast gene expression revealed substantial cold-induced translational regulation at both the initiation and elongation levels, in the virtual absence of changes at the transcript level. These cold-triggered dynamics in chloroplast translation are widely distinct from previously described high light-induced effects. Analysis of the gene set responding significantly to the cold stimulus suggested nonessential plastid-encoded subunits of photosynthetic protein complexes as novel players in plant cold acclimation. Functional characterization of one of these cold-responsive chloroplast genes by reverse genetics demonstrated that the encoded protein, the small cytochrome b6f complex subunit PetL, crucially contributes to photosynthetic cold acclimation. Together, our results uncover an important, previously underappreciated role of chloroplast translational regulation in plant cold acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Omar Saleh
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Federico Scossa
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Rome, 00178, Italy
| | - Fayezeh Arabi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Hongmou Zhang
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Kristina Kühn
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Mark A Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Methods for the solubilisation of membrane proteins: the micelle-aneous world of membrane protein solubilisation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1763-1777. [PMID: 34415288 PMCID: PMC8421053 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The solubilisation of membrane proteins (MPs) necessitates the overlap of two contradictory events; the extraction of MPs from their native lipid membranes and their subsequent stabilisation in aqueous environments. Whilst the current myriad of membrane mimetic systems provide a range of modus operandi, there are no golden rules for selecting the optimal pipeline for solubilisation of a specific MP hence a miscellaneous approach must be employed balancing both solubilisation efficiency and protein stability. In recent years, numerous diverse lipid membrane mimetic systems have been developed, expanding the pool of available solubilisation strategies. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the membrane mimetic field, with particular emphasis placed upon detergents, polymer-based nanodiscs and amphipols, highlighting the latest reagents to enter the toolbox of MP research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Phan MD, Korotych OI, Brady NG, Davis MM, Satija SK, Ankner JF, Bruce BD. X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity Studies of Styrene-Maleic Acid Copolymer Interactions with Galactolipid-Containing Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3970-3980. [PMID: 32207953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers have recently gained attention for their ability to facilitate the detergent-free solubilization of membrane protein complexes and their native boundary lipids into polymer-encapsulated, nanosized lipid particles, referred to as SMALPs. However, the interfacial interactions between SMA and lipids, which dictate the mechanism, efficiency, and selectivity of lipid and membrane protein extraction, are barely understood. Our recent finding has shown that SMA 1440, a chemical derivative of the SMA family with a functionalized butoxyethanol group, was most active in galactolipid-rich membranes, as opposed to phospholipid membranes. In the present work, we have performed X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and neutron reflectometry (NR) on the lipid monolayers at the liquid-air interface followed by the SMA copolymer adsorption. XRR and Langmuir Π-A isotherms captured the fluidifying effect of galactolipids, which allowed SMA copolymers to infiltrate easily into the lipid membranes. NR results revealed the detailed structural arrangement of SMA 1440 copolymers within the membranes and highlighted the partition of butoxyethanol group into the lipid tail region. This work allows us to propose a possible mechanism for the membrane solubilization by SMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh D Phan
- Large-Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Olena I Korotych
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| | - Nathan G Brady
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| | - Madeline M Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| | - Sushil K Satija
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - John F Ankner
- Large-Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Expression and detergent free purification and reconstitution of the plant plasma membrane Na +/H + antiporter SOS1 overexpressed in Pichia pastoris. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183111. [PMID: 31678368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The plant plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 (Salt Overlay Sensitive 1) of Arabidopsis thaliana is the major transporter extruding Na+ out of cells in exchange for an intracellular H+. The sodium extrusion process maintains a low intracellular Na+ concentration and thereby facilitates salt tolerance. A. thaliana SOS1 consists of 1146 amino acids, with the first 450 in a N-terminal membrane transport domain and the balance forming a cytosolic regulatory domain. For studies on characterization of the protein, two different constructs of SOS1 comprising of the residues 28 to 460 and 28 to 990 were cloned and overexpressed in methylotropic yeast strain of Pichia pastoris with a C-terminal histidine tag using the expression vector pPICZA. Styrene malic acid copolymers (SMA) were used as a cost-effective alternative to detergent for solubilization and isolation of this membrane protein. Immobilized Ni2+-ion affinity chromatography was used to purify the expressed protein resulting in a yield of ~0.6-2 mg of SOS1 per liter of Pichia pastoris culture. The SMA purified protein containing amino acids 28 to 990 was directly reconstituted into liposomes for determination of Na+ transport activity and was functionally active. However, similar reconstitution with amino acids 28-460 did not yield a functional protein. Other results have shown that the truncated SOS1 protein at amino acid 481 is active, which infers the presence of an element between residues 461-481 which is necessary for SOS1 activity. This region contains several conserved segments that may be important in SOS1 structure and function.
Collapse
|
8
|
Puthenveetil R, Vinogradova O. Solution NMR: A powerful tool for structural and functional studies of membrane proteins in reconstituted environments. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15914-15931. [PMID: 31551353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.009178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A third of the genes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes encode membrane proteins that are either essential for signal transduction and solute transport or function as scaffold structures. Unlike many of their soluble counterparts, the overall structural and functional organization of membrane proteins is sparingly understood. Recent advances in X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are closing this gap by enabling an in-depth view of these ever-elusive proteins at atomic resolution. Despite substantial technological advancements, however, the overall proportion of membrane protein entries in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) remains <4%. This paucity is mainly attributed to difficulties associated with their expression and purification, propensity to form large multisubunit complexes, and challenges pertinent to identification of an ideal detergent, lipid, or detergent/lipid mixture that closely mimic their native environment. NMR is a powerful technique to obtain atomic-resolution and dynamic details of a protein in solution. This is accomplished through an assortment of isotopic labeling schemes designed to acquire multiple spectra that facilitate deduction of the final protein structure. In this review, we discuss current approaches and technological developments in the determination of membrane protein structures by solution NMR and highlight recent structural and mechanistic insights gained with this technique. We also discuss strategies for overcoming size limitations in NMR applications, and we explore a plethora of membrane mimetics available for the structural and mechanistic understanding of these essential cellular proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbins Puthenveetil
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, college of liberal arts and sciences, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Single-molecule study of redox control involved in establishing the spinach plastocyanin-cytochrome bf electron transfer complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:591-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
10
|
Kwan TOC, Reis R, Siligardi G, Hussain R, Cheruvara H, Moraes I. Selection of Biophysical Methods for Characterisation of Membrane Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2605. [PMID: 31137900 PMCID: PMC6566885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, there have been many developments and advances in the field of integral membrane protein research. As important pharmaceutical targets, it is paramount to understand the mechanisms of action that govern their structure-function relationships. However, the study of integral membrane proteins is still incredibly challenging, mostly due to their low expression and instability once extracted from the native biological membrane. Nevertheless, milligrams of pure, stable, and functional protein are always required for biochemical and structural studies. Many modern biophysical tools are available today that provide critical information regarding to the characterisation and behaviour of integral membrane proteins in solution. These biophysical approaches play an important role in both basic research and in early-stage drug discovery processes. In this review, it is not our objective to present a comprehensive list of all existing biophysical methods, but a selection of the most useful and easily applied to basic integral membrane protein research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan O C Kwan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Rosana Reis
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Rohanah Hussain
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Harish Cheruvara
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK.
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Isabel Moraes
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Breyton C, Javed W, Vermot A, Arnaud CA, Hajjar C, Dupuy J, Petit-Hartlein I, Le Roy A, Martel A, Thépaut M, Orelle C, Jault JM, Fieschi F, Porcar L, Ebel C. Assemblies of lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG) and LMNG-solubilized membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:939-957. [PMID: 30776334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Laurylmaltose neopentylglycol (LMNG) bears two linked hydrophobic chains of equal length and two hydrophilic maltoside groups. It arouses a strong interest in the field of membrane protein biochemistry, since it was shown to efficiently solubilize and stabilize membrane proteins often better than the commonly used dodecylmaltopyranoside (DDM), and to allow structure determination of some challenging membrane proteins. However, LMNG was described to form large micelles, which could be unfavorable for structural purposes. We thus investigated its auto-assemblies and the association state of different membrane proteins solubilized in LMNG by analytical ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography coupled to light scattering, centrifugation on sucrose gradient and/or small angle scattering. At high concentrations (in the mM range), LMNG forms long rods, and it stabilized the membrane proteins investigated herein, i.e. a bacterial multidrug transporter, BmrA; a prokaryotic analogous of the eukaryotic NADPH oxidases, SpNOX; an E. coli outer membrane transporter, FhuA; and the halobacterial bacteriorhodopsin, bR. BmrA, in the Apo and the vanadate-inhibited forms showed reduced kinetics of limited proteolysis in LMNG compared to DDM. Both SpNOX and BmrA display an increased specific activity in LMNG compared to DDM. The four proteins form LMNG complexes with their usual quaternary structure and with usual amount of bound detergent. No heterogeneous complexes related to the large micelle size of LMNG alone were observed. In conditions where LMNG forms assemblies of large size, FhuA crystals diffracting to 4.0 Å were obtained by vapor diffusion. LMNG large micelle size thus does not preclude membrane protein homogeneity and crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Breyton
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Waqas Javed
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, IBCP, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Charles-Adrien Arnaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Hajjar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Dupuy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Petit-Hartlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Martel
- Institut Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Orelle
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, IBCP, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Jean-Michel Jault
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, IBCP, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Ebel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brady NG, Qian S, Bruce BD. Analysis of styrene maleic acid alternating copolymer supramolecular assemblies in solution by small angle X-ray scattering. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Brady NG, Li M, Ma Y, Gumbart JC, Bruce BD. Non-detergent isolation of a cyanobacterial photosystem I using styrene maleic acid alternating copolymers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31781-31796. [PMID: 35527920 PMCID: PMC9072662 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimeric Photosystem I (PSI) from the thermophilic cyanobacteriumThermosynechococcus elongatus(Te) is the largest membrane protein complex to be encapsulated within a SMALP to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G. Brady
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville
- Knoxville
- USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Education
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville
- Knoxville
- USA
| | | | - Barry D. Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville
- Knoxville
- USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Education
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Le Bon C, Marconnet A, Masscheleyn S, Popot JL, Zoonens M. Folding and stabilizing membrane proteins in amphipol A8-35. Methods 2018; 147:95-105. [PMID: 29678587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are important pharmacological targets because of their involvement in many essential cellular processes whose dysfunction can lead to a large variety of diseases. A detailed knowledge of the structure of MPs and the molecular mechanisms of their activity is essential to the design of new therapeutic agents. However, studying MPs in vitro is challenging, because it generally implies their overexpression under a functional form, followed by their extraction from membranes and purification. Targeting an overexpressed MP to a membrane is often toxic and expression yields tend to be limited. One alternative is the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) in the cytosol of the cell, from which MPs need then to be folded to their native conformation before structural and functional analysis can be contemplated. Folding MPs targeted to IBs is a difficult task. Specially designed amphipathic polymers called 'amphipols' (APols), which have been initially developed with the view of improving the stability of MPs in aqueous solutions compared to detergents, can be used to fold both α-helical and β-barrel MPs. APols represent an interesting novel amphipathic medium, in which high folding yields can be achieved. In this review, the properties of APol A8-35 and of the complexes they form with MPs are summarized. An overview of the most important studies reported so far using A8-35 to fold MPs is presented. Finally, from a practical point of view, a detailed description of the folding and trapping methods is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christel Le Bon
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Marconnet
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Masscheleyn
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hoffmann B, Löhr F, Laguerre A, Bernhard F, Dötsch V. Protein labeling strategies for liquid-state NMR spectroscopy using cell-free synthesis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 105:1-22. [PMID: 29548364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of a protein sample for liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis requires optimization of many parameters. This review describes labeling strategies for obtaining assignments of protein resonances. Particular emphasis is placed on the advantages of cell-free protein production, which enables exclusive labeling of the protein of interest, thereby simplifying downstream processing steps and increasing the availability of different labeling strategies for a target protein. Furthermore, proteins can be synthesized in milligram yields, and the open nature of the cell-free system allows the addition of stabilizers, scrambling inhibitors or hydrophobic solubilization environments directly during the protein synthesis, which is especially beneficial for membrane proteins. Selective amino acid labeling of the protein of interest, the possibility of addressing scrambling issues and avoiding the need for labile amino acid precursors have been key factors in enabling the introduction of new assignment strategies based on different labeling schemes as well as on new pulse sequences. Combinatorial selective labeling methods have been developed to reduce the number of protein samples necessary to achieve a complete backbone assignment. Furthermore, selective labeling helps to decrease spectral overlap and overcome size limitations for solution NMR analysis of larger complexes, oligomers, intrinsically disordered proteins and membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hoffmann
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aisha Laguerre
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saha P, Sikdar S, Manna C, Chakrabarti J, Ghosh M. SDS induced dissociation of STY3178 oligomer: experimental and molecular dynamics studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25737b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STY3178 the yfdX Salmonella Typhi protein dissociates reversibly in presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate from trimer to monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Saha
- Department of Chemical
- Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700106
- India
| | - Samapan Sikdar
- Department of Chemical
- Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700106
- India
| | - Camelia Manna
- Department of Chemical
- Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700106
- India
| | - Jaydeb Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemical
- Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700106
- India
| | - Mahua Ghosh
- Department of Chemical
- Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700106
- India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Lee SC, Knowles TJ, Postis VLG, Jamshad M, Parslow RA, Lin YP, Goldman A, Sridhar P, Overduin M, Muench SP, Dafforn TR. A method for detergent-free isolation of membrane proteins in their local lipid environment. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1149-62. [PMID: 27254461 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great importance of membrane proteins, structural and functional studies of these proteins present major challenges. A significant hurdle is the extraction of the functional protein from its natural lipid membrane. Traditionally achieved with detergents, purification procedures can be costly and time consuming. A critical flaw with detergent approaches is the removal of the protein from the native lipid environment required to maintain functionally stable protein. This protocol describes the preparation of styrene maleic acid (SMA) co-polymer to extract membrane proteins from prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. Successful isolation of membrane proteins into SMA lipid particles (SMALPs) allows the proteins to remain with native lipid, surrounded by SMA. We detail procedures for obtaining 25 g of SMA (4 d); explain the preparation of protein-containing SMALPs using membranes isolated from Escherichia coli (2 d) and control protein-free SMALPS using E. coli polar lipid extract (1-2 h); investigate SMALP protein purity by SDS-PAGE analysis and estimate protein concentration (4 h); and detail biophysical methods such as circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (svAUC) to undertake initial structural studies to characterize SMALPs (∼2 d). Together, these methods provide a practical tool kit for those wanting to use SMALPs to study membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Lee
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tim J Knowles
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Present address: Department of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vincent L G Postis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Yu-Pin Lin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian Goldman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pooja Sridhar
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Present address: Department of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Overduin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine &Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gimpl K, Klement J, Keller S. Characterising protein/detergent complexes by triple-detection size-exclusion chromatography. Biol Proced Online 2016; 18:4. [PMID: 26880869 PMCID: PMC4753644 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-015-0031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro investigations of membrane proteins usually depend on detergents for protein solubilisation and stabilisation. The amount of detergent bound to a membrane protein is relevant to successful experiment design and data analysis but is often unknown. Triple-detection size-exclusion chromatography enables simultaneous separation of protein/detergent complexes and protein-free detergent micelles and determination of their molar masses in a straightforward and absolute manner. Size-exclusion chromatography is used to separate different species, while ultraviolet absorbance, static light scattering, and refractive index measurements allow molar mass determination of protein and detergent components. RESULTS We refined standard experimental and data-analysis procedures for challenging membrane-protein samples that elude routine approaches. The general procedures including preparatory steps, measurements, and data analysis for the characterisation of both routine and complex samples in difficult solvents such as concentrated denaturant solutions are demonstrated. The applicability of the protocol but also its limitations and possible solutions are discussed, and an extensive troubleshooting section is provided. CONCLUSIONS We established and validated a protocol for triple-detection size-exclusion chromatography that enables the inexperienced user to perform and analyse measurements of well-behaved protein/detergent complexes. More experienced users are provided with an example of a more sophisticated analysis procedure allowing mass determination under challenging separation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gimpl
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jessica Klement
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Structure-Function of the Cytochrome b 6 f Lipoprotein Complex. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7481-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
21
|
Agarwal R, Hasan SS, Jones LM, Stofleth JT, Ryan CM, Whitelegge JP, Kehoe DM, Cramer WA. Role of domain swapping in the hetero-oligomeric cytochrome b6f lipoprotein complex. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3151-63. [PMID: 25928281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Domain swapping that contributes to the stability of biologically crucial multisubunit complexes has been implicated in protein oligomerization. In the case of membrane protein assemblies, domain swapping of the iron-sulfur protein (ISP) subunit occurs in the hetero-oligomeric cytochrome b6f and bc1 complexes, which are organized as symmetric dimers that generate the transmembrane proton electrochemical gradient utilized for ATP synthesis. In these complexes, the ISP C-terminal predominantly β-sheet extrinsic domain containing the redox-active [2Fe-2S] cluster resides on the electrochemically positive side of each monomer in the dimeric complex. This domain is bound to the membrane sector of the complex through an N-terminal transmembrane α-helix that is "swapped' to the other monomer of the complex where it spans the complex and the membrane. Detailed analysis of the function and structure of the b6f complex isolated from the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon SF33 shows that the domain-swapped ISP structure is necessary for function but is not necessarily essential for maintenance of the dimeric structure of the complex. On the basis of crystal structures of the cytochrome complex, the stability of the cytochrome dimer is attributed to specific intermonomer protein-protein and protein-lipid hydrophobic interactions. The geometry of the domain-swapped ISP structure is proposed to be a consequence of the requirement that the anchoring helix of the ISP not perturb the heme organization or quinone channel in the conserved core of each monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Agarwal
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - S Saif Hasan
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - LaDonna M Jones
- ‡Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jason T Stofleth
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher M Ryan
- §Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, NPI-Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- §Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, NPI-Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David M Kehoe
- ‡Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - William A Cramer
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Folding and stability of integral membrane proteins in amphipols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:327-43. [PMID: 25449655 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are a family of amphipathic polymers designed to keep transmembrane proteins (TMPs) soluble in aqueous solutions in the absence of detergent. APols have proven remarkably efficient at (i) stabilizing TMPs, as compared to detergent solutions, and (ii) folding them from a denatured state to a native, functional one. The underlying physical-chemical mechanisms are discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Amphipols and Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Pigment-Protein Complexes. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:1031-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
25
|
Solution Behavior and Crystallization of Cytochrome bc
1 in the Presence of Amphipols. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:981-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
26
|
Long-term stability of a vaccine formulated with the amphipol-trapped major outer membrane protein from Chlamydia trachomatis. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:1053-65. [PMID: 24942817 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is a major bacterial pathogen throughout the world. Although antibiotic therapy can be implemented in the case of early detection, a majority of the infections are asymptomatic, requiring the development of preventive measures. Efforts have focused on the production of a vaccine using the C. trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP). MOMP is purified in its native (n) trimeric form using the zwitterionic detergent Z3-14, but its stability in detergent solutions is limited. Amphipols (APols) are synthetic polymers that can stabilize membrane proteins (MPs) in detergent-free aqueous solutions. Preservation of protein structure and optimization of exposure of the most effective antigenic regions can avoid vaccination with misfolded, poorly protective protein. Previously, we showed that APols maintain nMOMP secondary structure and that nMOMP/APol vaccine formulations elicit better protection than formulations using either recombinant or nMOMP solubilized in Z3-14. To achieve a greater understanding of the structural behavior and stability of nMOMP in APols, we have used several spectroscopic techniques to characterize its secondary structure (circular dichroism), tertiary and quaternary structures (immunochemistry and gel electrophoresis) and aggregation state (light scattering) as a function of temperature and time. We have also recorded NMR spectra of (15)N-labeled nMOMP and find that the exposed loops are detectable in APols but not in detergent. Our analyses show that APols protect nMOMP much better than Z3-14 against denaturation due to continuous heating, repeated freeze/thaw cycles, or extended storage at room temperature. These results indicate that APols can help improve MP-based vaccine formulations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Internal lipid architecture of the hetero-oligomeric cytochrome b6f complex. Structure 2014; 22:1008-15. [PMID: 24931468 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of lipids in the assembly, structure, and function of hetero-oligomeric membrane protein complexes is poorly understood. The dimeric photosynthetic cytochrome b6f complex, a 16-mer of eight distinct subunits and 26 transmembrane helices, catalyzes transmembrane proton-coupled electron transfer for energy storage. Using a 2.5 Å crystal structure of the dimeric complex, we identified 23 distinct lipid-binding sites per monomer. Annular lipids are proposed to provide a connection for super-complex formation with the photosystem-I reaction center and the LHCII kinase enzyme for transmembrane signaling. Internal lipids mediate crosslinking to stabilize the domain-swapped iron-sulfur protein subunit, dielectric heterogeneity within intermonomer and intramonomer electron transfer pathways, and dimer stabilization through lipid-mediated intermonomer interactions. This study provides a complete structure analysis of lipid-mediated functions in a multi-subunit membrane protein complex and reveals lipid sites at positions essential for assembly and function.
Collapse
|
28
|
Boudière L, Michaud M, Petroutsos D, Rébeillé F, Falconet D, Bastien O, Roy S, Finazzi G, Rolland N, Jouhet J, Block MA, Maréchal E. Glycerolipids in photosynthesis: composition, synthesis and trafficking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:470-80. [PMID: 24051056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycerolipids constituting the matrix of photosynthetic membranes, from cyanobacteria to chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells, comprise monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. This review covers our current knowledge on the structural and functional features of these lipids in various cellular models, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Their relative proportions in thylakoid membranes result from highly regulated and compartmentalized metabolic pathways, with a cooperation, in the case of eukaryotes, of non-plastidic compartments. This review also focuses on the role of each of these thylakoid glycerolipids in stabilizing protein complexes of the photosynthetic machinery, which might be one of the reasons for their fascinating conservation in the course of evolution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Boudière
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Olivier Bastien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvaine Roy
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Maryse A Block
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Endow JK, Inoue K. Stable complex formation of thylakoidal processing peptidase and PGRL1. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2226-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
30
|
A detergent-free strategy for the reconstitution of active enzyme complexes from native biological membranes into nanoscale discs. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:41. [PMID: 23663692 PMCID: PMC3702409 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The reconstitution of membrane proteins and complexes into nanoscale lipid bilayer structures has contributed significantly to biochemical and biophysical analyses. Current methods for performing such reconstitutions entail an initial detergent-mediated step to solubilize and isolate membrane proteins. Exposure to detergents, however, can destabilize many membrane proteins and result in a loss of function. Amphipathic copolymers have recently been used to stabilize membrane proteins and complexes following suitable detergent extraction. However, the ability of these copolymers to extract proteins directly from native lipid bilayers for subsequent reconstitution and characterization has not been explored. Results The styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer effectively solubilized membranes of isolated mitochondria and extracted protein complexes. Membrane complexes were reconstituted into polymer-bound nanoscale discs along with endogenous lipids. Using respiratory Complex IV as a model, these particles were shown to maintain the enzymatic activity of multicomponent electron transporting complexes. Conclusions We report a novel process for reconstituting fully operational protein complexes directly from cellular membranes into nanoscale lipid bilayers using the SMA copolymer. This facile, single-step strategy obviates the requirement for detergents and yields membrane complexes suitable for structural and functional studies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Transmembrane signaling and assembly of the cytochrome b6f-lipidic charge transfer complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:1295-308. [PMID: 23507619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Structure-function properties of the cytochrome b6f complex are sufficiently unique compared to those of the cytochrome bc1 complex that b6f should not be considered a trivially modified bc1 complex. A unique property of the dimeric b6f complex is its involvement in transmembrane signaling associated with the p-side oxidation of plastoquinol. Structure analysis of lipid binding sites in the cyanobacterial b6f complex prepared by hydrophobic chromatography shows that the space occupied by the H transmembrane helix in the cytochrome b subunit of the bc1 complex is mostly filled by a lipid in the b6f crystal structure. It is suggested that this space can be filled by the domain of a transmembrane signaling protein. The identification of lipid sites and likely function defines the intra-membrane conserved central core of the b6f complex, consisting of the seven trans-membrane helices of the cytochrome b and subunit IV polypeptides. The other six TM helices, contributed by cytochrome f, the iron-sulfur protein, and the four peripheral single span subunits, define a peripheral less conserved domain of the complex. The distribution of conserved and non-conserved domains of each monomer of the complex, and the position and inferred function of a number of the lipids, suggests a model for the sequential assembly in the membrane of the eight subunits of the b6f complex, in which the assembly is initiated by formation of the cytochrome b6-subunit IV core sub-complex in a monomer unit. Two conformations of the unique lipidic chlorophyll a, defined in crystal structures, are described, and functions of the outlying β-carotene, a possible 'latch' in supercomplex formation, are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory complex III and related bc complexes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Xiao J, Li J, Ouyang M, Yun T, He B, Ji D, Ma J, Chi W, Lu C, Zhang L. DAC is involved in the accumulation of the cytochrome b6/f complex in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1911-22. [PMID: 23043079 PMCID: PMC3510120 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.204891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis and assembly of photosynthetic multisubunit protein complexes is assisted by a series of nucleus-encoded auxiliary protein factors. In this study, we characterize the dac mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which shows a severe defect in the accumulation of the cytochrome b(6)/f complex, and provide evidence suggesting that the efficiency of cytochrome b(6)/f complex assembly is affected in the mutant. DAC is a thylakoid membrane protein with two predicted transmembrane domains that is conserved from cyanobacteria to vascular plants. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation analyses revealed a specific interaction between DAC and PetD, a subunit of the cytochrome b(6)/f complex. However, DAC was found not to be an intrinsic component of the cytochrome b(6)/f complex. In vivo chloroplast protein labeling experiments showed that the labeling rates of the PetD and cytochrome f proteins were greatly reduced, whereas that of the cytochrome b(6) protein remained normal in the dac mutant. DAC appears to be a novel factor involved in the assembly/stabilization of the cytochrome b(6)/f complex, possibly through interaction with the PetD protein.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bechara C, Bolbach G, Bazzaco P, Sharma KS, Durand G, Popot JL, Zito F, Sagan S. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of amphipol-trapped membrane proteins. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6128-35. [PMID: 22703540 DOI: 10.1021/ac301035r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are amphipathic polymers with the ability to substitute detergents to keep membrane proteins (MPs) soluble and functional in aqueous solutions. APols also protect MPs against denaturation. Here, we have examined the ability of APol-trapped MPs to be analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). For that purpose, we have used ionic and nonionic APols and as model proteins (i) the transmembrane domain of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A, a β-barrel, eubacterial MP, (ii) Halobacterium salinarum bacteriorhodopsin, an α-helical archaebacterial MP with a single cofactor, and (iii, iv) two eukaryotic MP complexes comprising multiple subunits and many cofactors, cytochrome b(6)f from the chloroplast of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cytochrome bc(1) from beef heart mitochondria. We show that these MP/APol complexes can be readily analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS; most of the subunits and some lipids and cofactors were identified. APols alone, even ionic ones, had no deleterious effects on MS signals and were not detected in mass spectra. Thus, the combination of MP stabilization by APols and MS analyses provides an interesting new approach to investigating supramolecular interactions in biological membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chérine Bechara
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Université Paris 06), Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM), Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bazzacco P, Billon-Denis E, Sharma KS, Catoire LJ, Mary S, Le Bon C, Point E, Banères JL, Durand G, Zito F, Pucci B, Popot JL. Nonionic Homopolymeric Amphipols: Application to Membrane Protein Folding, Cell-Free Synthesis, and Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Biochemistry 2012; 51:1416-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201862v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bazzacco
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Billon-Denis
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K. Shivaji Sharma
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie
Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur,
F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Laurent J. Catoire
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Mary
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Point
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie
Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur,
F-84000 Avignon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Francesca Zito
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Pucci
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie
Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur,
F-84000 Avignon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Popot JL, Althoff T, Bagnard D, Banères JL, Bazzacco P, Billon-Denis E, Catoire LJ, Champeil P, Charvolin D, Cocco MJ, Crémel G, Dahmane T, de la Maza LM, Ebel C, Gabel F, Giusti F, Gohon Y, Goormaghtigh E, Guittet E, Kleinschmidt JH, Kühlbrandt W, Le Bon C, Martinez KL, Picard M, Pucci B, Sachs JN, Tribet C, van Heijenoort C, Wien F, Zito F, Zoonens M. Amphipols from A to Z. Annu Rev Biophys 2011; 40:379-408. [PMID: 21545287 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-042910-155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers that can substitute for detergents to keep integral membrane proteins (MPs) water soluble. In this review, we discuss their structure and solution behavior; the way they associate with MPs; and the structure, dynamics, and solution properties of the resulting complexes. All MPs tested to date form water-soluble complexes with APols, and their biochemical stability is in general greatly improved compared with MPs in detergent solutions. The functionality and ligand-binding properties of APol-trapped MPs are reviewed, and the mechanisms by which APols stabilize MPs are discussed. Applications of APols include MP folding and cell-free synthesis, structural studies by NMR, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, APol-mediated immobilization of MPs onto solid supports, proteomics, delivery of MPs to preexisting membranes, and vaccine formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-L Popot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Warschawski DE, Arnold AA, Beaugrand M, Gravel A, Chartrand É, Marcotte I. Choosing membrane mimetics for NMR structural studies of transmembrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:1957-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
37
|
Ebel C. Sedimentation velocity to characterize surfactants and solubilized membrane proteins. Methods 2011; 54:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
38
|
Plöscher M, Reisinger V, Eichacker LA. Proteomic comparison of etioplast and chloroplast protein complexes. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1256-65. [PMID: 21440687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiosperms grown in darkness develop etioplasts during skotomorphogenesis. It is well known that etioplasts accumulate large quantities of protochlorophyllideoxidoreductase, are devoid of chlorophyll and are the site to assemble the photosynthetic machinery during photomorphogenesis. Proteomic investigation of the membrane protein complexes by Native PAGE, in combination with CyDye labelling and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that etioplasts and chloroplasts share a number of membrane protein complexes characteristic for electron transport, chlorophyll and protein synthesis as well as fatty acid biosynthesis. The complex regulatory function in both developmental states is discussed.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hovers J, Potschies M, Polidori A, Pucci B, Raynal S, Bonneté F, Serrano-Vega MJ, Tate CG, Picot D, Pierre Y, Popot JL, Nehmé R, Bidet M, Mus-Veteau I, Busskamp H, Jung KH, Marx A, Timmins PA, Welte W. A class of mild surfactants that keep integral membrane proteins water-soluble for functional studies and crystallization. Mol Membr Biol 2011; 28:171-81. [PMID: 21314479 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2011.552440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mixed protein-surfactant micelles are used for in vitro studies and 3D crystallization when solutions of pure, monodisperse integral membrane proteins are required. However, many membrane proteins undergo inactivation when transferred from the biomembrane into micelles of conventional surfactants with alkyl chains as hydrophobic moieties. Here we describe the development of surfactants with rigid, saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon groups as hydrophobic parts. Their stabilizing properties are demonstrated with three different integral membrane proteins. The temperature at which 50% of the binding sites for specific ligands are lost is used as a measure of stability and dodecyl-β-D-maltoside ('C12-b-M') as a reference for conventional surfactants. One surfactant increased the stability of two different G protein-coupled receptors and the human Patched protein receptor by approximately 10°C compared to C12-b-M. Another surfactant yielded the highest stabilization of the human Patched protein receptor compared to C12-b-M (13°C) but was inferior for the G protein-coupled receptors. In addition, one of the surfactants was successfully used to stabilize and crystallize the cytochrome b(6 )f complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The structure was solved to the same resolution as previously reported in C12-b-M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hovers
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Popot JL. Amphipols, Nanodiscs, and Fluorinated Surfactants: Three Nonconventional Approaches to Studying Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions. Annu Rev Biochem 2010; 79:737-75. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.052208.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Popot
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire des Protéines Membranaires, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris-7 Denis Diderot, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Amphipols and fluorinated surfactants: Two alternatives to detergents for studying membrane proteins in vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 601:219-45. [PMID: 20099149 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-344-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Handling integral membrane proteins in aqueous solutions traditionally relies on the use of detergents, which are surfactants capable of dispersing the components of biological membranes into mixed micelles. The dissociating character of detergents, however, most often causes solubilized membrane proteins to be unstable. This has prompted the development of alternative, less-aggressive surfactants designed to keep membrane proteins soluble, after they have been solubilized, under milder conditions. A short overview is presented of the structure, properties, and uses of two families of such surfactants: amphiphilic polymers ("amphipols") and fluorinated surfactants.
Collapse
|
42
|
Breyton C, Gabel F, Abla M, Pierre Y, Lebaupain F, Durand G, Popot JL, Ebel C, Pucci B. Micellar and biochemical properties of (hemi)fluorinated surfactants are controlled by the size of the polar head. Biophys J 2009; 97:1077-86. [PMID: 19686655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants with fluorinated and hemifluorinated alkyl chains have yielded encouraging results in terms of membrane protein stability; however, the molecules used hitherto have either been chemically heterogeneous or formed heterogeneous micelles. A new series of surfactants whose polar head size is modulated by the presence of one, two, or three glucose moieties has been synthesized. Analytical ultracentrifugation and small-angle neutron scattering show that fluorinated surfactants whose polar head bears a single glucosyl group form very large cylindrical micelles, whereas those with two or three glucose moieties form small, homogeneous, globular micelles. We studied the homogeneity and stability of the complexes formed between membrane proteins and these surfactants by using bacteriorhodopsin and cytochrome b(6)f as models. Homogeneous complexes were obtained only with surfactants that form homogeneous micelles. Surfactants bearing one or two glucose moieties were found to be stabilizing, whereas those with three moieties were destabilizing. Fluorinated and hemifluorinated surfactants with a two-glucose polar head thus appear to be very promising molecules for biochemical applications and structural studies. They were successfully used for cell-free synthesis of the ion channel MscL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Breyton
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7099, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saint-Marcoux D, Wollman FA, de Vitry C. Biogenesis of cytochrome b6 in photosynthetic membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 185:1195-207. [PMID: 19564403 PMCID: PMC2712960 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200812025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In chloroplasts, binding of a c′-heme to cytochrome b6 on the stromal side of the thylakoid membranes requires a specific mechanism distinct from the one at work for c-heme binding to cytochromes f and c6 on the lumenal side of membranes. Here, we show that the major protein components of this pathway, the CCBs, are bona fide transmembrane proteins. We demonstrate their association in a series of hetero-oligomeric complexes, some of which interact transiently with cytochrome b6 in the process of heme delivery to the apoprotein. In addition, we provide preliminary evidence for functional assembly of cytochrome b6f complexes even in the absence of c′-heme binding to cytochrome b6. Finally, we present a sequential model for apo- to holo-cytochrome b6 maturation integrated within the assembly pathway of b6f complexes in the thylakoid membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Saint-Marcoux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7141, Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ma F, Chen XB, Sang M, Wang P, Zhang JP, Li LB, Kuang TY. Singlet oxygen formation and chlorophyll a triplet excited state deactivation in the cytochrome b6f complex from Bryopsis corticulans. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 100:19-28. [PMID: 19333778 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have attempted to investigate the correlation between the detergent-perturbed structural integrity of the Cyt b (6) f complex from the marine green alga Bryopsis corticulans and its photo-protective properties, for which the nonionic detergents n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (beta-OG) and n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside (beta-DM), respectively, were used for the preparation of Cyt b (6) f, and the singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)*) production as well as the triplet excited-state chlorophyll a ((3)Chl a*) formation and deactivation were examined by spectroscopic means. Near-infrared luminescence of (1)O(2)* (approximately 1,270 nm) on photo-irradiation was detected for the beta-OG preparation where the complex is mainly in oligomeric state, but not for the beta-DM one in which the complex exists in dimeric form. Under anaerobic condition, photo-excitation of Chl a in the beta-DM preparation generated (3)Chl a* with a lower quantum yield of Phi(T) approximately 0.02 and a longer lifetime of approximately 600 micros with respect to those as in the case of beta-OG preparation, Phi(T) approximately 0.12 and 200-300 micros. These results prove that the enzymatically active and intact Cyt b (6) f complex on photo-excitation tends to produce little (3)Chl a* or (1)O(2)*, which implies that the pigment-protein assembly of Cyt b (6) f complex per se is crucial for photo-protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Salom D, Wu N, Sun W, Dong Z, Palczewski K, Jordan S, Salon JA. Heterologous expression and purification of the serotonin type 4 receptor from transgenic mouse retina. Biochemistry 2009; 47:13296-307. [PMID: 19053287 DOI: 10.1021/bi8018527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in the solution of X-ray structures for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with diffusible ligands have employed extensively mutated or recombined receptor fusion proteins heterologously expressed in conventional in vitro cell-based systems. While these advances now show that crystallization of non-rhodopsin members of this superfamily can be accomplished, the use of radically modified proteins may limit the relevance of the derived structures for precision-guided drug design. To better enable the study of native GPCR structures, we report here efforts to engineer an in vivo expression system that harnesses the photoreceptor system of the retina to express heterologous GPCRs with native human sequences in a biochemically homogeneous and pharmacologically functional conformation. As an example, we show that the human 5HT4 receptor, when placed under the influence of the mouse opsin promoter and an opsin rod outer segment (ROS) targeting sequence, localized to ROS of transgenic mouse retina. The resulting receptor protein was uniformly glycosylated and pharmacologically intact as demonstrated by immunoblotting and radioligand binding assays. Upon solubilization, the retinal 5HT4 receptor retained the binding properties of its initial state in retinal membranes. With the engineered T7 monoclonal epitope sequence, the solubilized receptor was easily purified by one-step immunoaffinity chromatography and the purified receptor in detergent solution preserved its ligand binding properties. This expression method may prove generally useful for generating functional, high-quality GPCR protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Salom
- Polgenix Inc., 11000 Cedar Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abla M, Durand G, Pucci B. Glucose-Based Surfactants with Hydrogenated, Fluorinated, or Hemifluorinated Tails: Synthesis and Comparative Physical-Chemical Characterization. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8142-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maher Abla
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Bernard Pucci
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Salvay AG, Santamaria M, le Maire M, Ebel C. Analytical ultracentrifugation sedimentation velocity for the characterization of detergent-solubilized membrane proteins Ca++-ATPase and ExbB. J Biol Phys 2008; 33:399-419. [PMID: 19669527 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-008-9058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the potential of new methods of analysis of sedimentation velocity (SV) analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) for the characterization of detergent-solubilized membrane proteins. We analyze the membrane proteins Ca(++)-ATPase and ExbB solubilized with DDM (dodecyl-beta-D: -maltoside). SV is extremely well suited for characterizing sample heterogeneity. DDM micelles (s(20w) = 3.1 S) and complexes (Ca(++)-ATPase: s(20w) = 7.3 S; ExbB: s(20w) = 4 S) are easily distinguished. Using different detergent and protein concentrations, SV does not detect any evidence of self-association for the two proteins. An estimate of bound detergent of 0.9 g/g for Ca(++)-ATPase and 1.5 g/g for ExbB is obtained from the combined analysis of SV profiles obtained using absorbance and interference optics. Combining s(20w) with values of the hydrodynamic radius, R(s) = 5.5 nm for Ca(++)-ATPase or R(s) = 3.4 nm for ExbB, allows the determination of buoyant molar masses, M(b). In view of their M(b) and composition, Ca(++)-ATPase and ExbB are monomers in our experimental conditions. We conclude that one of the main advantages of SV versus other techniques is the possibility to ascertain the homogeneity of the samples and to focus on a given complex even in the presence of other impurities or aggregates. The relative rapidity of SV measurements also allows experiments on unstable samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés G Salvay
- CNRS, IBS, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, Grenoble 38027, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Reisinger V, Hertle AP, Plöscher M, Eichacker LA. Cytochrome b6f is a dimeric protochlorophyll a binding complex in etioplasts. FEBS J 2008; 275:1018-24. [PMID: 18221490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome b6f complex is a dimeric protein complex that is of central importance for photosynthesis to carry out light driven electron and proton transfer in chloroplasts. One molecule of chlorophyll a was found to associate per cytochrome b6f monomer and the structural or functional importance of this is discussed. We show that etioplasts which are devoid of chlorophyll a already contain dimeric cytochrome b6f. However, the phytylated chlorophyll precursor protochlorophyll a, and not chlorophyll a, is associated with subunit b6. The data imply that a phytylated tetrapyrrol is an essential structural requirement for assembly of cytochrome b6f.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ebel C. Characterization and Stabilization of Solubilized Membrane Proteins. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2008.10817522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
50
|
Lyska D, Paradies S, Meierhoff K, Westhoff P. HCF208, a Homolog of Chlamydomonas CCB2, is Required for Accumulation of Native Cytochrome b6 in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 48:1737-46. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|