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Lopez JA, Romero LO, Kaung WL, Maddox JW, Vásquez V, Lee A. Caldendrin Is a Repressor of PIEZO2 Channels and Touch Sensation in Mice. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1402232023. [PMID: 38262725 PMCID: PMC10919251 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1402-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The sense of touch is crucial for cognitive, emotional, and social development and relies on mechanically activated (MA) ion channels that transduce force into an electrical signal. Despite advances in the molecular characterization of these channels, the physiological factors that control their activity are poorly understood. Here, we used behavioral assays, electrophysiological recordings, and various mouse strains (males and females analyzed separately) to investigate the role of the calmodulin-like Ca2+ sensor, caldendrin, as a key regulator of MA channels and their roles in touch sensation. In mice lacking caldendrin (Cabp1 KO), heightened responses to tactile stimuli correlate with enlarged MA currents with lower mechanical thresholds in dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs). The expression pattern of caldendrin in the DRG parallels that of the major MA channel required for touch sensation, PIEZO2. In transfected cells, caldendrin interacts with and inhibits the activity of PIEZO2 in a manner that requires an alternatively spliced sequence in the N-terminal domain of caldendrin. Moreover, targeted genetic deletion of caldendrin in Piezo2-expressing DRGNs phenocopies the tactile hypersensitivity of complete Cabp1 KO mice. We conclude that caldendrin is an endogenous repressor of PIEZO2 channels and their contributions to touch sensation in DRGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue A Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas-Austin, Austin 78712, Texas
| | - Luis O Romero
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, Tennessee
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, Memphis 38163, Tennessee
| | - Wai-Lin Kaung
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas-Austin, Austin 78712, Texas
| | - J Wesley Maddox
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas-Austin, Austin 78712, Texas
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, Tennessee
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas-Austin, Austin 78712, Texas
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2
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Lisek M, Tomczak J, Boczek T, Zylinska L. Calcium-Associated Proteins in Neuroregeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:183. [PMID: 38397420 PMCID: PMC10887043 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of intracellular calcium levels is a critical factor in neurodegeneration, leading to the aberrant activation of calcium-dependent processes and, ultimately, cell death. Ca2+ signals vary in magnitude, duration, and the type of neuron affected. A moderate Ca2+ concentration can initiate certain cellular repair pathways and promote neuroregeneration. While the peripheral nervous system exhibits an intrinsic regenerative capability, the central nervous system has limited self-repair potential. There is evidence that significant variations exist in evoked calcium responses and axonal regeneration among neurons, and individual differences in regenerative capacity are apparent even within the same type of neurons. Furthermore, some studies have shown that neuronal activity could serve as a potent regulator of this process. The spatio-temporal patterns of calcium dynamics are intricately controlled by a variety of proteins, including channels, ion pumps, enzymes, and various calcium-binding proteins, each of which can exert either positive or negative effects on neural repair, depending on the cellular context. In this concise review, we focus on several calcium-associated proteins such as CaM kinase II, GAP-43, oncomodulin, caldendrin, calneuron, and NCS-1 in order to elaborate on their roles in the intrinsic mechanisms governing neuronal regeneration following traumatic damage processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.); (J.T.); (T.B.)
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3
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Griffin EN, Jucius T, Sim SE, Harris BS, Heinz S, Ackerman SL. RREB1 regulates neuronal proteostasis and the microtubule network. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh3929. [PMID: 38198538 PMCID: PMC10780896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors play vital roles in neuron development; however, little is known about the role of these proteins in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Here, we show that the transcription factor RREB1 (Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1) is essential for neuron survival in the mammalian brain. A spontaneous mouse mutation causing loss of a nervous system-enriched Rreb1 transcript is associated with progressive loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and ataxia. Analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, along with RNA sequencing data revealed dysregulation of RREB1 targets associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton. In agreement with the known role of microtubules in dendritic development, dendritic complexity was disrupted in Rreb1-deficient neurons. Analysis of sequencing data also suggested that RREB1 plays a role in the endomembrane system. Mutant Purkinje cells had fewer numbers of autophagosomes and lysosomes and contained P62- and ubiquitin-positive inclusions. Together, these studies demonstrate that RREB1 functions to maintain the microtubule network and proteostasis in mammalian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Griffin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Jucius
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Su-Eon Sim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan L. Ackerman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Kameyama M, Minobe E, Shao D, Xu J, Gao Q, Hao L. Regulation of Cardiac Cav1.2 Channels by Calmodulin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076409. [PMID: 37047381 PMCID: PMC10094977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels, a type of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, are ubiquitously expressed, and the predominant Ca2+ channel type, in working cardiac myocytes. Cav1.2 channels are regulated by the direct interactions with calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+-binding protein that causes Ca2+-dependent facilitation (CDF) and inactivation (CDI). Ca2+-free CaM (apoCaM) also contributes to the regulation of Cav1.2 channels. Furthermore, CaM indirectly affects channel activity by activating CaM-dependent enzymes, such as CaM-dependent protein kinase II and calcineurin (a CaM-dependent protein phosphatase). In this article, we review the recent progress in identifying the role of apoCaM in the channel ‘rundown’ phenomena and related repriming of channels, and CDF, as well as the role of Ca2+/CaM in CDI. In addition, the role of CaM in channel clustering is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Dongxue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
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Frederick CE, Zenisek D. Ribbon Synapses and Retinal Disease: Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065090. [PMID: 36982165 PMCID: PMC10049380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic ribbons are presynaptic protein complexes that are believed to be important for the transmission of sensory information in the visual system. Ribbons are selectively associated with those synapses where graded changes in membrane potential drive continuous neurotransmitter release. Defective synaptic transmission can arise as a result of the mutagenesis of a single ribbon component. Visual diseases that stem from malfunctions in the presynaptic molecular machinery of ribbon synapses in the retina are rare. In this review, we provide an overview of synaptopathies that give rise to retinal malfunction and our present understanding of the mechanisms that underlie their pathogenesis and discuss muscular dystrophies that exhibit ribbon synapse involvement in the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Frederick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208026, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208026, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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6
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Calcium signaling and genetic rare diseases: An auditory perspective. Cell Calcium 2023; 110:102702. [PMID: 36791536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deafness is a highly heterogeneous disorder which stems, for 50%, from genetic origins. Sensory transduction relies mainly on sensory hair cells of the cochlea, in the inner ear. Calcium is key for the function of these cells and acts as a fundamental signal transduction. Its homeostasis depends on three factors: the calcium influx, through the mechanotransduction channel at the apical pole of the hair cell as well as the voltage-gated calcium channel at the base of the cells; the calcium buffering via Ca2+-binding proteins in the cytoplasm, but also in organelles such as mitochondria and the reticulum endoplasmic mitochondria-associated membranes with specialized proteins; and the calcium extrusion through the Ca-ATPase pump, located all over the plasma membrane. In addition, the synaptic transmission to the central nervous system is also controlled by calcium. Genetic studies of inherited deafness have tremendously helped understand the underlying molecular pathways of calcium signaling. In this review, we discuss these different factors in light of the associated genetic diseases (syndromic and non-syndromic deafness) and the causative genes.
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7
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Lopez JA, Yamamoto A, Vecchi JT, Hagen J, Lee K, Sonka M, Hansen MR, Lee A. Caldendrin represses neurite regeneration and growth in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2608. [PMID: 36788334 PMCID: PMC9929226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Caldendrin is a Ca2+ binding protein that interacts with multiple effectors, such as the Cav1 L-type Ca2+ channel, which play a prominent role in regulating the outgrowth of dendrites and axons (i.e., neurites) during development and in response to injury. Here, we investigated the role of caldendrin in Cav1-dependent pathways that impinge upon neurite growth in dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs). By immunofluorescence, caldendrin was localized in medium- and large- diameter DRGNs. Compared to DRGNs cultured from WT mice, DRGNs of caldendrin knockout (KO) mice exhibited enhanced neurite regeneration and outgrowth. Strong depolarization, which normally represses neurite growth through activation of Cav1 channels, had no effect on neurite growth in DRGN cultures from female caldendrin KO mice. Remarkably, DRGNs from caldendrin KO males were no different from those of WT males in terms of depolarization-dependent neurite growth repression. We conclude that caldendrin opposes neurite regeneration and growth, and this involves coupling of Cav1 channels to growth-inhibitory pathways in DRGNs of females but not males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue A Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas-Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Annamarie Yamamoto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas-Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Joseph T Vecchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Jussara Hagen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Kyungmoo Lee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd. Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Milan Sonka
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd. Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Marlan R Hansen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas-Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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8
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Zong P, Yue L. Regulation of Presynaptic Calcium Channels. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:171-202. [PMID: 37615867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), especially Cav2.1 and Cav2.2, are the major mediators of Ca2+ influx at the presynaptic membrane in response to neuron excitation, thereby exerting a predominant control on synaptic transmission. To guarantee the timely and precise release of neurotransmitters at synapses, the activity of presynaptic VGCCs is tightly regulated by a variety of factors, including auxiliary subunits, membrane potential, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBP), protein kinases, various interacting proteins, alternative splicing events, and genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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9
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Chen Y, Zheng A, Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Chen M, Li W, Li X, Sun Y, Gu L, Xiao Z, Shen J. Dysregulation of B7 family and its association with tumor microenvironment in uveal melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026076. [PMID: 36311731 PMCID: PMC9615147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults with a poor prognosis. B7 family is an important modulator of the immune response. However, its dysregulation and underlying molecular mechanism in UVM still remains unclear. Methods Data were derived from TCGA and GEO databases. The prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. The ESTIMATE algorithm, CIBERSORT algorithm, and TIMER database were used to demonstrate the correlation between B7 family and tumor immune microenvironment in UVM. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to detect the expression levels of the B7 family in different cell types of UVM. UVM was classified into different types by consistent clustering. Enrichment analysis revealed downstream signaling pathways of the B7 family. The interaction between different cell types was visualized by cell chat. Results The expression level of B7 family in UVM was significantly dysregulated and negatively correlated with methylation level. The expression of B7 family was associated with prognosis and immune infiltration, and B7 family plays an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). B7 family members were highly expressed in monocytes/macrophages of UVM compared with other cell types. Immune response and visual perception were the main functions affected by B7 family. The result of cell chat showed that the interaction between photoreceptor cells and immune-related cells was mainly generated by HLA-C-CD8A. CABP4, KCNJ10 and RORB had the strongest correlation with HLA-C-CD8A, and their high expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. CABP4 and RORB were specifically expressed in photoreceptor cells. Conclusions Dysregulation of the B7 family in UVM is associated with poor prognosis and affects the tumor immune microenvironment. CABP4 and RORB can serve as potential therapeutic targets for UVM, which can be regulated by the B7 family to affect the visual perception and immune response function of the eye, thus influencing the prognosis of UVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Pidu District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anfu Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mintao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Shen, ; Zhangang Xiao,
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Shen, ; Zhangang Xiao,
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Ruiz-Fernández AR, Campos L, Gutierrez-Maldonado SE, Núñez G, Villanelo F, Perez-Acle T. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF): Opening the Biotechnological Pandora’s Box. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116158. [PMID: 35682837 PMCID: PMC9181413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) is an electrostimulation technique first developed in 1995; nsPEF requires the delivery of a series of pulses of high electric fields in the order of nanoseconds into biological tissues or cells. They primary effects in cells is the formation of membrane nanopores and the activation of ionic channels, leading to an incremental increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, which triggers a signaling cascade producing a variety of effects: from apoptosis up to cell differentiation and proliferation. Further, nsPEF may affect organelles, making nsPEF a unique tool to manipulate and study cells. This technique is exploited in a broad spectrum of applications, such as: sterilization in the food industry, seed germination, anti-parasitic effects, wound healing, increased immune response, activation of neurons and myocites, cell proliferation, cellular phenotype manipulation, modulation of gene expression, and as a novel cancer treatment. This review thoroughly explores both nsPEF’s history and applications, with emphasis on the cellular effects from a biophysics perspective, highlighting the role of ionic channels as a mechanistic driver of the increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro R. Ruiz-Fernández
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.R.R.-F.); (T.P.-A.)
| | - Leonardo Campos
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Sebastian E. Gutierrez-Maldonado
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Núñez
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
| | - Felipe Villanelo
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Tomas Perez-Acle
- Computational Biology Lab, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile; (L.C.); (S.E.G.-M.); (G.N.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastian, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.R.R.-F.); (T.P.-A.)
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11
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Ames JB. L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Regulation by Calmodulin and CaBP1. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121811. [PMID: 34944455 PMCID: PMC8699282 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV1.2 and CaV1.3, called CaV) interact with the Ca2+ sensor proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+ binding Protein 1 (CaBP1), that oppositely control Ca2+-dependent channel activity. CaM and CaBP1 can each bind to the IQ-motif within the C-terminal cytosolic domain of CaV, which promotes increased channel open probability under basal conditions. At elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels (caused by CaV channel opening), Ca2+-bound CaM binding to CaV is essential for promoting rapid Ca2+-dependent channel inactivation (CDI). By contrast, CaV binding to CaBP1 prevents CDI and promotes Ca2+-induced channel opening (called CDF). In this review, I provide an overview of the known structures of CaM and CaBP1 and their structural interactions with the IQ-motif to help understand how CaM promotes CDI, whereas CaBP1 prevents CDI and instead promotes CDF. Previous electrophysiology studies suggest that Ca2+-free forms of CaM and CaBP1 may pre-associate with CaV under basal conditions. However, previous Ca2+ binding data suggest that CaM and CaBP1 are both calculated to bind to Ca2+ with an apparent dissociation constant of ~100 nM when CaM or CaBP1 is bound to the IQ-motif. Since the neuronal basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is ~100 nM, nearly half of the neuronal CaV channels are suggested to be bound to Ca2+-bound forms of either CaM or CaBP1 under basal conditions. The pre-association of CaV with calcified forms of CaM or CaBP1 are predicted here to have functional implications. The Ca2+-bound form of CaBP1 is proposed to bind to CaV under basal conditions to block CaV binding to CaM, which could explain how CaBP1 might prevent CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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12
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Lux UT, Ehrenberg J, Joachimsthaler A, Atorf J, Pircher B, Reim K, Kremers J, Gießl A, Brandstätter JH. Cell Types and Synapses Expressing the SNARE Complex Regulating Proteins Complexin 1 and Complexin 2 in Mammalian Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158131. [PMID: 34360929 PMCID: PMC8348166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexins (Cplxs) 1 to 4 are components of the presynaptic compartment of chemical synapses where they regulate important steps in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. In the retina, all four Cplxs are present, and while we know a lot about Cplxs 3 and 4, little is known about Cplxs 1 and 2. Here, we performed in situ hybridization experiments and bioinformatics and exploited Cplx 1 and Cplx 2 single-knockout mice combined with immunocytochemistry and light microscopy to characterize in detail the cell type and synapse-specific distribution of Cplx 1 and Cplx 2. We found that Cplx 2 and not Cplx 1 is the main isoform expressed in normal and displaced amacrine cells and ganglion cells in mouse retinae and that amacrine cells seem to operate with a single Cplx isoform at their conventional chemical synapses. Surprising was the finding that retinal function, determined with electroretinographic recordings, was altered in Cplx 1 but not Cplx 2 single-knockout mice. In summary, the results provide an important basis for future studies on the function of Cplxs 1 and 2 in the processing of visual signals in the mammalian retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Thorsten Lux
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (U.T.L.); (J.E.); (B.P.)
| | - Johanna Ehrenberg
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (U.T.L.); (J.E.); (B.P.)
| | - Anneka Joachimsthaler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.J.); (J.A.); (J.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Jenny Atorf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.J.); (J.A.); (J.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Bianca Pircher
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (U.T.L.); (J.E.); (B.P.)
| | - Kerstin Reim
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Jan Kremers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.J.); (J.A.); (J.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.J.); (J.A.); (J.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Johann Helmut Brandstätter
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (U.T.L.); (J.E.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Woll KA, Van Petegem F. Calcium Release Channels: Structure and Function of IP3 Receptors and Ryanodine Receptors. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:209-268. [PMID: 34280054 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-release channels are giant membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two members, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptors (IP3Rs), are evolutionarily related and are both activated by cytosolic Ca2+. They share a common architecture, but RyRs have evolved additional modules in the cytosolic region. Their massive size allows for the regulation by tens of proteins and small molecules, which can affect the opening and closing of the channels. In addition to Ca2+, other major triggers include IP3 for the IP3Rs, and depolarization of the plasma membrane for a particular RyR subtype. Their size has made them popular targets for study via electron microscopic methods, with current structures culminating near 3Å. The available structures have provided many new mechanistic insights int the binding of auxiliary proteins and small molecules, how these can regulate channel opening, and the mechanisms of disease-associated mutations. They also help scrutinize previously proposed binding sites, as some of these are now incompatible with the structures. Many questions remain around the structural effects of post-translational modifications, additional binding partners, and the higher-order complexes these channels can make in situ. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the structures of Ca2+-release channels and how this informs on their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A Woll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Complicity of α-synuclein oligomer and calcium dyshomeostasis in selective neuronal vulnerability in Lewy body disease. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:564-573. [PMID: 34114191 PMCID: PMC8254713 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein oligomers and Ca2+ dyshomeostasis have been thoroughly investigated with respect to the pathogenesis of Lewy body disease (LBD). In LBD, α-synuclein oligomers exhibit a neuron-specific cytoplasmic distribution. Highly active neurons and neurons with a high Ca2+ burden are prone to damage in LBD. The neuronal vulnerability may be determined by transneuronal axonal transmission of the pathological processes; however, this hypothesis seems inconsistent with pathological findings that neurons anatomically connected to LBD-vulnerable neurons, such as neurons in the ventral tegmentum, are spared in LBD. This review focuses on and discusses the crucial roles played by α-synuclein oligomers and Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in early intraneural pathophysiology in LBD-vulnerable neurons. A challenging view is proposed on the synergy between retrograde transport of α-synuclein and vesicular Ca release, whereby neuronal vulnerability is propagated backward along repeatedly activated signaling pathway.
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15
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Kelemen K, Szilágyi T. New Approach for Untangling the Role of Uncommon Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Brain Sci 2021. [PMID: 34069107 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050634ht] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ca2+ ion plays an essential role in cellular physiology, calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) were long used for mainly as immunohistochemical markers of specific cell types in different regions of the central nervous system. They are a heterogeneous and wide-ranging group of proteins. Their function was studied intensively in the last two decades and a tremendous amount of information was gathered about them. Girard et al. compiled a comprehensive list of the gene-expression profiles of the entire EF-hand gene superfamily in the murine brain. We selected from this database those CaBPs which are related to information processing and/or neuronal signalling, have a Ca2+-buffer activity, Ca2+-sensor activity, modulator of Ca2+-channel activity, or a yet unknown function. In this way we created a gene function-based selection of the CaBPs. We cross-referenced these findings with publicly available, high-quality RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization databases (Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Brain RNA-seq database and Allen Brain Atlas integrated into the HPA) and created gene expression heat maps of the regional and cell type-specific expression levels of the selected CaBPs. This represents a useful tool to predict and investigate different expression patterns and functions of the less-known CaBPs of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Tibor Szilágyi
- Department of Physiology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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16
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Kelemen K, Szilágyi T. New Approach for Untangling the Role of Uncommon Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050634. [PMID: 34069107 PMCID: PMC8156796 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ca2+ ion plays an essential role in cellular physiology, calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) were long used for mainly as immunohistochemical markers of specific cell types in different regions of the central nervous system. They are a heterogeneous and wide-ranging group of proteins. Their function was studied intensively in the last two decades and a tremendous amount of information was gathered about them. Girard et al. compiled a comprehensive list of the gene-expression profiles of the entire EF-hand gene superfamily in the murine brain. We selected from this database those CaBPs which are related to information processing and/or neuronal signalling, have a Ca2+-buffer activity, Ca2+-sensor activity, modulator of Ca2+-channel activity, or a yet unknown function. In this way we created a gene function-based selection of the CaBPs. We cross-referenced these findings with publicly available, high-quality RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization databases (Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Brain RNA-seq database and Allen Brain Atlas integrated into the HPA) and created gene expression heat maps of the regional and cell type-specific expression levels of the selected CaBPs. This represents a useful tool to predict and investigate different expression patterns and functions of the less-known CaBPs of the central nervous system.
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17
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Sheyanth IN, Højland AT, Okkels H, Lolas I, Thorup C, Petersen MB. First reported CABP2-related non-syndromic hearing loss in Northern Europe. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1639. [PMID: 33666369 PMCID: PMC8123739 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CABP2-related non-syndromic hearing loss have only been reported in a few families worldwide (Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Italy). The hearing loss was in these cases described as prelingual, symmetrical, and moderate to severe. METHODS Following DNA isolation, exome sequencing was performed in 123 genes related to non-syndromic hearing loss. Variant verification and carrier testing were performed by direct sequencing. RESULTS We report the first Northern European individual with CABP2-related hearing loss: an 8-year-old Danish Caucasian boy with non-syndromic, prelingual, and sensorineural hearing loss, who is homozygous for the splice site variant CABP2: c. 637+1G>T previously found in three Iranian families and in one Pakistani family. Both parents are of Danish Caucasian origin with no known history of consanguinity. This is in contrast to the four reported Middle Eastern families, who all were consanguineous. However, loss of heterozygosity in a 3.2 Mb area on chromosome 11 including CABP2 was observed, suggesting a common parental ancestor. CONCLUSION We report the first case of CABP2-related autosomal recessive hearing loss in Northern Europe. The index is of Danish Caucasian origin and found to be homozygous for the splice site variant c.637+1G>T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Norlyk Sheyanth
- Research and Knowledge Center in Sensory Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Thomas Højland
- Research and Knowledge Center in Sensory Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Okkels
- Research and Knowledge Center in Sensory Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ihab Lolas
- Research and Knowledge Center in Sensory Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Thorup
- Research and Knowledge Center in Sensory Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Audiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Bjørn Petersen
- Research and Knowledge Center in Sensory Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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18
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Calmodulin Bidirectionally Regulates Evoked and Spontaneous Neurotransmitter Release at Retinal Ribbon Synapses. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0257-20.2020. [PMID: 33293457 PMCID: PMC7808332 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0257-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, a role for the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) in Ca2+-dependent presynaptic modulation of synaptic transmission has been recognized. Here, we investigated the influence of CaM on evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission at rod bipolar (RB) cell→AII amacrine cell synapses in the mouse retina. Our work was motivated by the observations that expression of CaM in RB axon terminals is extremely high and that [Ca2+] in RB terminals normally rises sufficiently to saturate endogenous buffers, making tonic CaM activation likely. Taking advantage of a model in which RBs can be stimulated by expressed channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to avoid dialysis of the presynaptic terminal, we found that inhibition of CaM dramatically decreased evoked release by inhibition of presynaptic Ca channels while at the same time potentiating both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent spontaneous release. Remarkably, inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), but not other CaM-dependent targets, mimicked the effects of CaM inhibition on evoked and spontaneous release. Importantly, initial antagonism of CaM occluded the effect of subsequent inhibition of MLCK on spontaneous release. We conclude that CaM, by acting through MLCK, bidirectionally regulates evoked and spontaneous release at retinal ribbon synapses.
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19
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Mochida S. Neurotransmitter Release Site Replenishment and Presynaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010327. [PMID: 33396919 PMCID: PMC7794938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An action potential (AP) triggers neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles (SVs) docking to a specialized release site of presynaptic plasma membrane, the active zone (AZ). The AP simultaneously controls the release site replenishment with SV for sustainable synaptic transmission in response to incoming neuronal signals. Although many studies have suggested that the replenishment time is relatively slow, recent studies exploring high speed resolution have revealed SV dynamics with milliseconds timescale after an AP. Accurate regulation is conferred by proteins sensing Ca2+ entering through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels opened by an AP. This review summarizes how millisecond Ca2+ dynamics activate multiple protein cascades for control of the release site replenishment with release-ready SVs that underlie presynaptic short-term plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Mochida
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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20
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Heterogeneous Presynaptic Distribution of Munc13 Isoforms at Retinal Synapses and Identification of an Unconventional Bipolar Cell Type with Dual Expression of Munc13 Isoforms: A Study Using Munc13-EXFP Knock-in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217848. [PMID: 33105896 PMCID: PMC7660176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Munc13 isoforms are constituents of the presynaptic compartment of chemical synapses, where they govern important steps in preparing synaptic vesicles for exocytosis. The role of Munc13-1, -2 and -3 is well documented in brain neurons, but less is known about their function and distribution among the neurons of the retina and their conventional and ribbon-type chemical synapses. Here, we examined the retinae of Munc13-1-, -2-, and -3-EXFP knock-in (KI) mice with a combination of immunocytochemistry, physiology, and electron microscopy. We show that knock-in of Munc13-EXFP fusion proteins did not affect overall retinal anatomy or synapse structure, but slightly affected synaptic transmission. By labeling Munc13-EXFP KI retinae with specific antibodies against Munc13-1, -2 and -3, we found that unlike in the brain, most retinal synapses seem to operate with a single Munc13 isoform. A surprising exception to this rule was type 6 ON bipolar cells, which expressed two Munc13 isoforms in their synaptic terminals, ubMunc13-2 and Munc13-3. The results of this study provide an important basis for future studies on the contribution of Munc13 isoforms in visual signal processing in the mammalian retina.
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21
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Cherry TJ, Yang MG, Harmin DA, Tao P, Timms AE, Bauwens M, Allikmets R, Jones EM, Chen R, De Baere E, Greenberg ME. Mapping the cis-regulatory architecture of the human retina reveals noncoding genetic variation in disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9001-9012. [PMID: 32265282 PMCID: PMC7183164 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922501117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay of transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) orchestrates the dynamic and diverse genetic programs that assemble the human central nervous system (CNS) during development and maintain its function throughout life. Genetic variation within CREs plays a central role in phenotypic variation in complex traits including the risk of developing disease. We took advantage of the retina, a well-characterized region of the CNS known to be affected by pathogenic variants in CREs, to establish a roadmap for characterizing regulatory variation in the human CNS. This comprehensive analysis of tissue-specific regulatory elements, transcription factor binding, and gene expression programs in three regions of the human visual system (retina, macula, and retinal pigment epithelium/choroid) reveals features of regulatory element evolution that shape tissue-specific gene expression programs and defines regulatory elements with the potential to contribute to Mendelian and complex disorders of human vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Cherry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Marty G Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David A Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter Tao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Miriam Bauwens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Evan M Jones
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Dolphin AC, Lee A. Presynaptic calcium channels: specialized control of synaptic neurotransmitter release. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:213-229. [PMID: 32161339 PMCID: PMC7873717 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synapses are heterogeneous junctions formed between neurons that are specialized for the conversion of electrical impulses into the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a pivotal role in this process as they are the major conduits for the Ca2+ ions that trigger the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. Alterations in the intrinsic function of these channels and their positioning within the active zone can profoundly alter the timing and strength of synaptic output. Advances in optical and electron microscopic imaging, structural biology and molecular techniques have facilitated recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the properties of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that support their presynaptic functions. Here we examine the nature of these channels, how they are trafficked to and anchored within presynaptic boutons, and the mechanisms that allow them to function optimally in shaping the flow of information through neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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23
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He F, Nichols RM, Kailasam L, Wensel TG, Agosto MA. Critical Role for Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase Vps34/PIK3C3 in ON-Bipolar Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2861-2874. [PMID: 31260037 PMCID: PMC6607926 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P), and Vps34, the type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase primarily responsible for its production, are important for function and survival of sensory neurons, where they have key roles in membrane processing events, such as autophagy, endosome processing, and fusion of membranes bearing ubiquitinated cargos with lysosomes. We examined their roles in the most abundant class of secondary neurons in the vertebrate retina, the ON-bipolar cells (ON-BCs). Methods A conditional Vps34 knockout mouse line was generated by crossing Vps34 floxed mice with transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase in ON-BCs. Structural changes in the retina were determined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, and bipolar cell function was determined by electroretinography. Results Vps34 deletion led to selective death of ON-BCs, a thinning of the inner nuclear layer, and a progressive decline of electroretinogram b-wave amplitudes. There was no evidence for loss of other retinal neurons, or disruption of rod-horizontal cell contacts in the outer plexiform layer. Loss of Vps34 led to aberrant accumulation of membranes positive for autophagy markers LC3, p62, and ubiquitin, accumulation of endosomal membranes positive for Rab7, and accumulation of lysosomes. Similar effects were observed in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, leading to severe and progressive ataxia. Conclusions These results support an essential role for PI(3)P in fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and in late endosome maturation. The cell death resulting from Vps34 knockout suggests that these processes are essential for the health of ON-BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ralph M Nichols
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Lavanya Kailasam
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Theodore G Wensel
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Melina A Agosto
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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24
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Yamamoto K, Izumi Y, Arifuku M, Kume T, Sawada H. α-Synuclein oligomers mediate the aberrant form of spike-induced calcium release from IP 3 receptor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15977. [PMID: 31685859 PMCID: PMC6828767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates α-synuclein oligomers as potential culprits in the pathogenesis of Lewy body disease (LBD). Soluble oligomeric α-synuclein accumulation in cytoplasm is believed to modify neuronal activities and intraneural Ca2+ dynamics, which augment the metabolic burden in central neurons vulnerable to LBD, although this hypothesis remains to be fully tested. We evaluated how intracellular α-synuclein oligomers affect the neuronal excitabilities and Ca2+ dynamics of pyramidal neurons in neocortical slices from mice. Intracellular application of α-synuclein containing stable higher-order oligomers (αSNo) significantly reduced spike frequency during current injection, elongated the duration of spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP), and enlarged AHP current charge in comparison with that of α-synuclein without higher-order oligomers. This αSNo-mediated alteration was triggered by spike-induced Ca2+ release from inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) functionally coupled with L-type Ca2+ channels and SK-type K+ channels. Further electrophysiological and immunochemical observations revealed that α-synuclein oligomers greater than 100 kDa were directly associated with calcium-binding protein 1, which is responsible for regulating IP3R gating. They also block Ca2+-dependent inactivation of IP3R, and trigger Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from IP3R during multiple spikes. This aberrant machinery may result in intraneural Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and may be the molecular basis for the vulnerability of neurons in LBD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Izumi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Monami Arifuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sawada
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Koohiyan M, Noori-Daloii MR, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Salehi M, Abtahi H, Tabatabaiefar MA. A Novel Pathogenic Variant in the CABP2 Gene Causes Severe Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss in a Consanguineous Iranian Family. Audiol Neurootol 2019; 24:258-263. [PMID: 31661684 DOI: 10.1159/000502251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hereditary hearing loss (HL) can originate from mutations in one of many genes involved in the complex process of hearing. CABP2 mutations have been reported to cause moderate HL. Here, we report the whole exome sequencing (WES) of a proband presenting with prelingual, severe HL in an Iranian family. METHODS A comprehensive family history was obtained, and clinical evaluations and pedigree analysis were performed in the family with 2 affected members. After excluding mutations in the GJB2 gene and 7 other most common autosomal recessive nonsyndromic HL (ARNSHL) genes via Sanger sequencing and genetic linkage analysis in the family, WES was utilized to find the possible etiology of the disease. RESULTS WES results showed a novel rare variant (c.311G>A) in the CABP2gene.This missense variant in the exon 4 of the CABP2gene meets the criteria of being pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) interpretation guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Up to now, 3 mutations have been reported for the CABP2gene to cause moderate ARNSHL in different populations. Our results show that CABP2variantsalso cause severe ARNSHL, adding CABP2to the growing list of genes that exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity. Expanding our understanding of the mutational spectrum of HL genes is an important step in providing the correct clinical molecular interpretation and diagnosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Koohiyan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Research Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Abtahi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, .,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
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26
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Yin T, Jaeger M, Scheper C, Grodkowski G, Sakowski T, Klopčič M, Bapst B, König S. Multi-breed genome-wide association studies across countries for electronically recorded behavior traits in local dual-purpose cows. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221973. [PMID: 31665138 PMCID: PMC6821105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic bovine behavior is a crucial parameter influencing cattle domestication. In addition, behavior has an impact on cattle productivity, welfare and adaptation. The aim of the present study was to infer quantitative genetic and genomic mechanisms contributing to natural dual-purpose cow behavior in grazing systems. In this regard, we genotyped five dual-purpose breeds for a dense SNP marker panel from four different European countries. All cows from the across-country study were equipped with the same electronic recording devices. In this regard, we analyzed 97,049 longitudinal sensor behavior observations from 319 local dual-purpose cows for rumination, feeding, basic activity, high active, not active and ear temperature. According to the specific sensor behaviors and following a welfare protocol, we computed two different welfare indices. For genomic breed characterizations and multi-breed genome-wide association studies, sensor traits and test-day production records were merged with 35,826 SNP markers per cow. For the estimation of variance components, we used the pedigree relationship matrix and a combined similarity matrix that simultaneously included both pedigree and genotypes. Heritabilities for feeding, high active and not active were in a moderate range from 0.16 to 0.20. Estimates were very similar from both relationship matrix-modeling approaches and had quite small standard errors. Heritabilities for the remaining sensor traits (feeding, basic activity, ear temperature) and welfare indices were lower than 0.09. Five significant SNPs on chromosomes 11, 17, 27 and 29 were associated with rumination, and two different SNPs significantly influenced the sensor traits “not active” (chromosome 13) and “feeding” (chromosome 23). Gene annotation analyses inferred 22 potential candidate genes with a false discovery rate lower than 20%, mostly associated with rumination (13 genes) and feeding (8 genes). Mendelian randomization based on genomic variants (i.e., the instrumental variables) was used to infer causal inference between an exposure and an outcome. Significant regression coefficients among behavior traits indicate that all specific behavioral mechanisms contribute to similar physiological processes. The regression coefficients of rumination and feeding on milk yield were 0.10 kg/% and 0.12 kg/%, respectively, indicating their positive influence on dual-purpose cow productivity. Genomically, an improved welfare behavior of grazing cattle, i.e., a higher score for welfare indices, was significantly associated with increased fat and protein percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yin
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Maria Jaeger
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Carsten Scheper
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Gregorz Grodkowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sakowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Marija Klopčič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Beat Bapst
- Genetic evaluation center, Qualitas AG, Switzerland
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kovács-Öller T, Szarka G, Ganczer A, Tengölics Á, Balogh B, Völgyi B. Expression of Ca 2+-Binding Buffer Proteins in the Human and Mouse Retinal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2229. [PMID: 31067641 PMCID: PMC6539911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-binding buffer proteins (CaBPs) are widely expressed by various neurons throughout the central nervous system (CNS), including the retina. While the expression of CaBPs by photoreceptors, retinal interneurons and the output ganglion cells in the mammalian retina has been extensively studied, a general description is still missing due to the differences between species, developmental expression patterns and study-to-study discrepancies. Furthermore, CaBPs are occasionally located in a compartment-specific manner and two or more CaBPs can be expressed by the same neuron, thereby sharing the labor of Ca2+ buffering in the intracellular milieu. This article reviews this topic by providing a framework on CaBP functional expression by neurons of the mammalian retina with an emphasis on human and mouse retinas and the three most abundant and extensively studied buffer proteins: parvalbumin, calretinin and calbindin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kovács-Öller
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Retinal Electrical Synapses Research Group, National Brain Research Program (NAP 2.0), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Szarka
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Retinal Electrical Synapses Research Group, National Brain Research Program (NAP 2.0), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Alma Ganczer
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Retinal Electrical Synapses Research Group, National Brain Research Program (NAP 2.0), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Tengölics
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Retinal Electrical Synapses Research Group, National Brain Research Program (NAP 2.0), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Boglárka Balogh
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Retinal Electrical Synapses Research Group, National Brain Research Program (NAP 2.0), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Béla Völgyi
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Retinal Electrical Synapses Research Group, National Brain Research Program (NAP 2.0), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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28
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Presynaptic Calcium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092217. [PMID: 31064106 PMCID: PMC6539076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic Ca2+ entry occurs through voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels which are activated by membrane depolarization. Depolarization accompanies neuronal firing and elevation of Ca2+ triggers neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles. For synchronization of efficient neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicles are targeted by presynaptic Ca2+ channels forming a large signaling complex in the active zone. The presynaptic CaV2 channel gene family (comprising CaV2.1, CaV2.2, and CaV2.3 isoforms) encode the pore-forming α1 subunit. The cytoplasmic regions are responsible for channel modulation by interacting with regulatory proteins. This article overviews modulation of the activity of CaV2.1 and CaV2.2 channels in the control of synaptic strength and presynaptic plasticity.
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29
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Burgoyne RD, Helassa N, McCue HV, Haynes LP. Calcium Sensors in Neuronal Function and Dysfunction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a035154. [PMID: 30833454 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signaling in neurons as in other cell types can lead to varied changes in cellular function. Neuronal Ca2+ signaling processes have also become adapted to modulate the function of specific pathways over a wide variety of time domains and these can have effects on, for example, axon outgrowth, neuronal survival, and changes in synaptic strength. Ca2+ also plays a key role in synapses as the trigger for fast neurotransmitter release. Given its physiological importance, abnormalities in neuronal Ca2+ signaling potentially underlie many different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms by which changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in neurons can bring about diverse responses is underpinned by the roles of ubiquitous or specialized neuronal Ca2+ sensors. It has been established that synaptotagmins have key functions in neurotransmitter release, and, in addition to calmodulin, other families of EF-hand-containing neuronal Ca2+ sensors, including the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) and the calcium-binding protein (CaBP) families, play important physiological roles in neuronal Ca2+ signaling. It has become increasingly apparent that these various Ca2+ sensors may also be crucial for aspects of neuronal dysfunction and disease either indirectly or directly as a direct consequence of genetic variation or mutations. An understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation of the targets of the Ca2+ sensors and the physiological roles of each protein in identified neurons may contribute to future approaches to the development of treatments for a variety of human neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nordine Helassa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah V McCue
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee P Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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30
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Fairless R, Williams SK, Diem R. Calcium-Binding Proteins as Determinants of Central Nervous System Neuronal Vulnerability to Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092146. [PMID: 31052285 PMCID: PMC6539299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal subpopulations display differential vulnerabilities to disease, but the factors that determine their susceptibility are poorly understood. Toxic increases in intracellular calcium are a key factor in several neurodegenerative processes, with calcium-binding proteins providing an important first line of defense through their ability to buffer incoming calcium, allowing the neuron to quickly achieve homeostasis. Since neurons expressing different calcium-binding proteins have been reported to be differentially susceptible to degeneration, it can be hypothesized that rather than just serving as markers of different neuronal subpopulations, they might actually be a key determinant of survival. In this review, we will summarize some of the evidence that expression of the EF-hand calcium-binding proteins, calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin, may influence the susceptibility of distinct neuronal subpopulations to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Mundhenk J, Fusi C, Kreutz MR. Caldendrin and Calneurons-EF-Hand CaM-Like Calcium Sensors With Unique Features and Specialized Neuronal Functions. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:16. [PMID: 30787867 PMCID: PMC6372560 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The calmodulin (CaM)-like Ca2+-sensor proteins caldendrin, calneuron-1 and -2 are members of the neuronal calcium-binding protein (nCaBP)-family, a family that evolved relatively late during vertebrate evolution. All three proteins are abundant in brain but show a strikingly different subcellular localization. Whereas caldendrin is enriched in the postsynaptic density (PSD), calneuron-1 and -2 accumulate at the trans-Golgi-network (TGN). Caldendrin exhibit a unique bipartite structure with a basic and proline-rich N-terminus while calneurons are the only EF-Hand CaM-like transmembrane proteins. These uncommon structural features come along with highly specialized functions of calneurons in Golgi-to-plasma-membrane trafficking and for caldendrin in actin-remodeling in dendritic spine synapses. In this review article, we will provide a synthesis of available data on the structure and biophysical properties of all three proteins. We will then discuss their cellular function with special emphasis on synaptic neurotransmission. Finally, we will summarize the evidence for a role of these proteins in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mundhenk
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Camilla Fusi
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, Hamburg, Germany
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32
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O'Sullivan C, Nickerson PEB, Krupke O, Christie J, Chen LL, Mesa-Peres M, Zhu M, Ryan B, Chow RL, Howard PL. ARS2 is required for retinal progenitor cell S-phase progression and Müller glial cell fate specification. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:50-60. [PMID: 30673303 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During a developmental period that extends postnatally in the mouse, proliferating multipotent retinal progenitor cells produce one of 7 major cell types (rod, cone, bipolar, horizontal, amacrine, ganglion, and Müller glial cells) as they exit the cell cycle in consecutive waves. Cell production in the retina is tightly regulated by intrinsic, extrinsic, spatial, and temporal cues, and is coupled to the timing of cell cycle exit. Arsenic-resistance protein 2 (ARS2, also known as SRRT) is a component of the nuclear cap-binding complex involved in RNA Polymerase II transcription, and is required for cell cycle progression. We show that postnatal retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) require ARS2 for proper progression through S phase, and ARS2 disruption leads to early exit from the cell cycle. Furthermore, we observe an increase in the proportion of cells expressing a rod photoreceptor marker, and a loss of Müller glia marker expression, indicating a role for ARS2 in regulating cell fate specification or differentiation. Knockdown of Flice Associated Huge protein (FLASH), which interacts with ARS2 and is required for cell cycle progression and 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone transcripts, phenocopies ARS2 knockdown. These data implicate ARS2-FLASH-mediated histone mRNA processing in regulating RPC cell cycle kinetics and neuroglial cell fate specification during postnatal retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor O'Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | | | - Oliver Krupke
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Christie
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Monica Mesa-Peres
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Minyan Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Bridget Ryan
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Robert L Chow
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Perry L Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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Pangrsic T, Singer JH, Koschak A. Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels: Key Players in Sensory Coding in the Retina and the Inner Ear. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2063-2096. [PMID: 30067155 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx through voltage-gated Ca (CaV) channels is the first step in synaptic transmission. This review concerns CaV channels at ribbon synapses in primary sense organs and their specialization for efficient coding of stimuli in the physical environment. Specifically, we describe molecular, biochemical, and biophysical properties of the CaV channels in sensory receptor cells of the retina, cochlea, and vestibular apparatus, and we consider how such properties might change over the course of development and contribute to synaptic plasticity. We pay particular attention to factors affecting the spatial arrangement of CaV channels at presynaptic, ribbon-type active zones, because the spatial relationship between CaV channels and release sites has been shown to affect synapse function critically in a number of systems. Finally, we review identified synaptopathies affecting sensory systems and arising from dysfunction of L-type, CaV1.3, and CaV1.4 channels or their protein modulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Pangrsic
- Synaptic Physiology of Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen and Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine , Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Biology, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland ; and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Joshua H Singer
- Synaptic Physiology of Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen and Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine , Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Biology, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland ; and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Alexandra Koschak
- Synaptic Physiology of Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen and Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine , Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Biology, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland ; and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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34
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Ghinia MG, Novelli E, Sajgo S, Badea TC, Strettoi E. Brn3a and Brn3b knockout mice display unvaried retinal fine structure despite major morphological and numerical alterations of ganglion cells. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:187-211. [PMID: 27391320 PMCID: PMC5219957 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ganglion cells (GCs), the retinal output neurons, receive synaptic inputs from bipolar and amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and send information to the brain nuclei via the optic nerve. Although GCs constitute less than 1% of the total retinal cells, they occur in numerous types and are the first neurons formed during retinal development. Using Brn3a and Brn3b mutant mice in which the alkaline phosphatase gene was knocked-in (Badea et al. [Neuron] 2009;61:852-864; Badea and Nathans [Vision Res] 2011;51:269-279), we studied the general effects after gene removal on the retinal neuropil together with the consequences of lack of development of large numbers of GCs onto the remaining retinal neurons of the same class. We analyzed the morphology, number, and general architecture of various neuronal types presynaptic to GCs, searching for changes secondary to the decrement in the number of their postsynaptic partners, as well as the morphology and distribution of retinal astrocytes, for their strong topographical relation to GCs. We found that, despite GC losses, retinal organization in Brn3 null mice is remarkably similar to that of wild-type controls. J. Comp. Neurol. 527:187-211, 2019. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna Georgiana Ghinia
- Neuroscience Institute of the Italian National Research Council, Pisa Research Campus, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Retinal CIrcuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology–Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Babeş Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Novelli
- Neuroscience Institute of the Italian National Research Council, Pisa Research Campus, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Szilard Sajgo
- Retinal CIrcuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology–Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Tudor Constantin Badea
- Retinal CIrcuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology–Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Enrica Strettoi
- Neuroscience Institute of the Italian National Research Council, Pisa Research Campus, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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35
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Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Santos-Otte P, Premont RT, Martin B, Maudsley S. GRK5 - A Functional Bridge Between Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1484. [PMID: 30618771 PMCID: PMC6304357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex aging-triggered disorders are multifactorial programs that comprise a myriad of alterations in interconnected protein networks over a broad range of tissues. It is evident that rather than being randomly organized events, pathophysiologies that possess a strong aging component such as cardiovascular diseases (hypertensions, atherosclerosis, and vascular stiffening) and neurodegenerative conditions (dementia, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease), in essence represent a subtly modified version of the intricate molecular programs already in place for normal aging. To control such multidimensional activities there are layers of trophic protein control across these networks mediated by so-called "keystone" proteins. We propose that these "keystones" coordinate and interconnect multiple signaling pathways to control whole somatic activities such as aging-related disease etiology. Given its ability to control multiple receptor sensitivities and its broad protein-protein interactomic nature, we propose that G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) represents one of these key network controllers. Considerable data has emerged, suggesting that GRK5 acts as a bridging factor, allowing signaling regulation in pathophysiological settings to control the connectivity between both the cardiovascular and neurophysiological complications of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, GA, United States
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
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36
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Niu J, Dick IE, Yang W, Bamgboye MA, Yue DT, Tomaselli G, Inoue T, Ben-Johny M. Allosteric regulators selectively prevent Ca 2+-feedback of Ca V and Na V channels. eLife 2018; 7:35222. [PMID: 30198845 PMCID: PMC6156082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) serves as a pervasive regulatory subunit of CaV1, CaV2, and NaV1 channels, exploiting a functionally conserved carboxy-tail element to afford dynamic Ca2+-feedback of cellular excitability in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Yet this modularity counters functional adaptability, as global changes in ambient CaM indiscriminately alter its targets. Here, we demonstrate that two structurally unrelated proteins, SH3 and cysteine-rich domain (stac) and fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (fhf) selectively diminish Ca2+/CaM-regulation of CaV1 and NaV1 families, respectively. The two proteins operate on allosteric sites within upstream portions of respective channel carboxy-tails, distinct from the CaM-binding interface. Generalizing this mechanism, insertion of a short RxxK binding motif into CaV1.3 carboxy-tail confers synthetic switching of CaM regulation by Mona SH3 domain. Overall, our findings identify a general class of auxiliary proteins that modify Ca2+/CaM signaling to individual targets allowing spatial and temporal orchestration of feedback, and outline strategies for engineering Ca2+/CaM signaling to individual targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ivy E Dick
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - David T Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Gordon Tomaselli
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.,Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
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Marsakatla P, Suneetha S, Lee J, Swaminathan PD, Vasudevan L, Supriya R, Suneetha LM. Insights from the sequence similarity of Zika virus proteins with the Human nerve proteins. Bioinformation 2018; 14:194-200. [PMID: 30108415 PMCID: PMC6077820 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive peptide sharing between the Zika virus polyprotein and host tissue proteins could elicit significant host-pathogen interactions and cross-reactions leading to autoimmune diseases. This study found similarities in the Zika V proteins and human nerve tissue proteins. 63 human nerve proteins were screened for similarities with the Zika V of which Neuromodulin, Nestin, Galanin, Bombesin, Calcium-binding protein were found to have similarities to the Zika V poly protein C at different sequence regions. These sequence similarities could be significant in regulating pathogenic interactions/autoimmunity, as Polyprotein C is known to be a virulent factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujai Suneetha
- CODEWEL Nireekshana ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad -500029, Telangana, India
| | - Joshua Lee
- York University, Department of Science, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | | | - Rachael Supriya
- CODEWEL Nireekshana ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad -500029, Telangana, India
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Yang T, Britt JK, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Vázquez-Rosa E, Tobin KV, Stalker G, Hardie J, Taugher RJ, Wemmie J, Pieper AA, Lee A. Ca 2+-Binding Protein 1 Regulates Hippocampal-dependent Memory and Synaptic Plasticity. Neuroscience 2018; 380:90-102. [PMID: 29660444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-binding protein 1 (CaBP1) is a Ca2+-sensing protein similar to calmodulin that potently regulates voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Unlike calmodulin, however, CaBP1 is mainly expressed in neuronal cell-types and enriched in the hippocampus, where its function is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of CaBP1 in hippocampal-dependent behaviors using mice lacking expression of CaBP1 (C-KO). By western blot, the largest CaBP1 splice variant, caldendrin, was detected in hippocampal lysates from wild-type (WT) but not C-KO mice. Compared to WT mice, C-KO mice exhibited mild deficits in spatial learning and memory in both the Barnes maze and in Morris water maze reversal learning. In contextual but not cued fear-conditioning assays, C-KO mice showed greater freezing responses than WT mice. In addition, the number of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus of C-KO mice was ∼40% of that in WT mice, as measured by bromodeoxyuridine labeling. Moreover, hippocampal long-term potentiation was significantly reduced in C-KO mice. We conclude that CaBP1 is required for cellular mechanisms underlying optimal encoding of hippocampal-dependent spatial and fear-related memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeremiah K Britt
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Coral J Cintrón-Pérez
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kevin V Tobin
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Grant Stalker
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jason Hardie
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rebecca J Taugher
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John Wemmie
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Free Radical, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Radiation Oncology Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Veterans Affairs, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Yang T, Hu N, Pangršič T, Green S, Hansen M, Lee A. Functions of CaBP1 and CaBP2 in the peripheral auditory system. Hear Res 2018; 364:48-58. [PMID: 29661613 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CaBPs are a family of Ca2+ binding proteins related to calmodulin. Two CaBP family members, CaBP1 and CaBP2, are highly expressed in the cochlea. Here, we investigated the significance of CaBP1 and CaBP2 for hearing in mice lacking expression of these proteins (CaBP1 KO and CaBP2 KO) using auditory brain responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). In CaBP1 KO mice, ABR wave I was larger in amplitude, and shorter in latency and faster in decay, suggestive of enhanced synchrony of auditory nerve fibers. This interpretation was supported by the greater excitability of CaBP1 KO than WT neurons in whole-cell patch clamp recordings of spiral ganglion neurons in culture, and normal presynaptic function of CaBP1 KO IHCs. DPOAEs and ABR thresholds were normal in 4-week old CaBP1 KO mice, but elevated ABR thresholds became evident at 32 kHz at 9 weeks, and at 8 and 16 kHz by 6 months of age. In contrast, CaBP2 KO mice exhibited significant ABR threshold elevations at 4 weeks of age that became more severe in the mid-frequency range by 9 weeks. Though normal at 4 weeks, DPOAEs in CaBP2 KO mice were significantly reduced in the mid-frequency range by 9 weeks. Our results reveal requirements for CaBP1 and CaBP2 in the peripheral auditory system and highlight the diverse modes by which CaBPs influence sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tina Pangršič
- Synaptic Physiology of Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven Green
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marlan Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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40
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Yang T, Choi JE, Soh D, Tobin K, Joiner ML, Hansen M, Lee A. CaBP1 regulates Ca v1 L-type Ca 2+ channels and their coupling to neurite growth and gene transcription in mouse spiral ganglion neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:342-352. [PMID: 29548764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CaBP1 is a Ca2+ binding protein that is widely expressed in neurons in the brain, retina, and cochlea. In heterologous expression systems, CaBP1 interacts with and regulates voltage-gated Cav Ca2+ channels but whether this is the case in neurons is unknown. Here, we investigated the cellular functions of CaBP1 in cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which express high levels of CaBP1. Consistent with the role of CaBP1 as a suppressor of Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) of Cav1 (L-type) channels, Cav1 currents underwent greater CDI in SGNs from mice lacking CaBP1 (C-KO) than in wild-type (WT) SGNs. The coupling of Cav1 channels to downstream signaling pathways was also disrupted in C-KO SGNs. Activity-dependent repression of neurite growth was significantly blunted and unresponsive to Cav1 antagonists in C-KO SGNs in contrast to WT SGNs. Moreover, Cav1-mediated Ca2+ signals and phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein were reduced in C-KO SGNs compared to WT SGNs. Our findings establish a role for CaBP1 as an essential regulator of Cav1 channels in SGNs and their coupling to downstream pathways controlling activity-dependent transcription and neurite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Choi
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel Soh
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kevin Tobin
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mei-Ling Joiner
- Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marlan Hansen
- Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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41
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Presynaptic calcium channels. Neurosci Res 2018; 127:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Chen ZH, Wang C, Zhuo MQ, Zhai QX, Chen Q, Guo YX, Zhang YX, Gui J, Tang ZH, Zeng XL. Exome sequencing identified a novel missense mutation c.464G>A (p.G155D) in Ca 2+-binding protein 4 ( CABP4) in a Chinese pedigree with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78940-78947. [PMID: 29108277 PMCID: PMC5668010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify disease-causing gene mutations in a Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE), a 4-generation pedigree of 27 members in the Southern Chinese Han population, including 11 individuals diagnosed with ADNFLE. DNA samples were collected from 15 family members, chinese han people, including seven affected and eight unaffected individuals. None of these patients had night blindness or visual disorders. Four affected individuals were screened for mutations using whole-exome sequencing, and 13 potentially interesting mutations shared by all the four affected individuals were validated using the Sanger sequencing method. Only one novel missense mutation c.464G>A (p.G155D) in the CABP4 gene, encoding the neuronal Ca2+-binding protein 4 (CaBP4), was present in all seven affected individuals in this family as revealed by PCR with blood DNA samples using CABP4 primers. The mutation was also found in one young unaffected family member, but was absent from 300 unrelated control subjects. The p.G155D mutation, located near the Ca2+ binding motif EF-hand 1 and the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.4) binding motif within the N-terminal lobe of CaBP4, is predicted to affect protein function according to the bioinformatics tools PolyPhen-2 and SIFT. These findings suggest that mutations in the CABP4 gene may be linked to ADNFLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mu-Qing Zhuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong-Xiang Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu-Xiong Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Juan Gui
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Kiran U, Regur P, Kreutz MR, Sharma Y, Chakraborty A. Intermotif Communication Induces Hierarchical Ca2+ Filling of Caldendrin. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2467-2476. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kiran
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Phanindranath Regur
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Michael R. Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestrasse 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz
Group ‘Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function’,
Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yogendra Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Asima Chakraborty
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Ca 2+-binding protein 2 inhibits Ca 2+-channel inactivation in mouse inner hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1717-E1726. [PMID: 28183797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617533114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-binding protein 2 (CaBP2) inhibits the inactivation of heterologously expressed voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of type 1.3 (CaV1.3) and is defective in human autosomal-recessive deafness 93 (DFNB93). Here, we report a newly identified mutation in CABP2 that causes a moderate hearing impairment likely via nonsense-mediated decay of CABP2-mRNA. To study the mechanism of hearing impairment resulting from CABP2 loss of function, we disrupted Cabp2 in mice (Cabp2LacZ/LacZ ). CaBP2 was expressed by cochlear hair cells, preferentially in inner hair cells (IHCs), and was lacking from the postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Cabp2LacZ/LacZ mice displayed intact cochlear amplification but impaired auditory brainstem responses. Patch-clamp recordings from Cabp2LacZ/LacZ IHCs revealed enhanced Ca2+-channel inactivation. The voltage dependence of activation and the number of Ca2+ channels appeared normal in Cabp2LacZ/LacZ mice, as were ribbon synapse counts. Recordings from single SGNs showed reduced spontaneous and sound-evoked firing rates. We propose that CaBP2 inhibits CaV1.3 Ca2+-channel inactivation, and thus sustains the availability of CaV1.3 Ca2+ channels for synaptic sound encoding. Therefore, we conclude that human deafness DFNB93 is an auditory synaptopathy.
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MOCHIDA S. Millisecond Ca 2+ dynamics activate multiple protein cascades for synaptic vesicle control. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:802-820. [PMID: 29225307 PMCID: PMC5790758 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For reliable transmission at chemical synapses, neurotransmitters must be released dynamically in response to neuronal activity in the form of action potentials. Stable synaptic transmission is dependent on the efficacy of transmitter release and the rate of resupplying synaptic vesicles to their release sites. Accurate regulation is conferred by proteins sensing Ca2+ entering through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels opened by an action potential. Presynaptic Ca2+ concentration changes are dynamic functions in space and time, with wide fluctuations associated with different rates of neuronal activity. Thus, regulation of transmitter release includes reactions involving multiple Ca2+-dependent proteins, each operating over a specific time window. Classically, studies of presynaptic proteins function favored large invertebrate presynaptic terminals. I have established a useful mammalian synapse model based on sympathetic neurons in culture. This review summarizes the use of this model synapse to study the roles of presynaptic proteins in neuronal activity for the control of transmitter release efficacy and synaptic vesicle recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko MOCHIDA
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Lack of CaBP1/Caldendrin or CaBP2 Leads to Altered Ganglion Cell Responses. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0099-16. [PMID: 27822497 PMCID: PMC5083949 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0099-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) form a subfamily of calmodulin-like proteins that were cloned from the retina. CaBP4 and CaBP5 have been shown to be important for normal visual function. Although CaBP1/caldendrin and CaBP2 have been shown to modulate various targets in vitro, it is not known whether they contribute to the transmission of light responses through the retina. Therefore, we generated mice that lack CaBP2 or CaBP1/caldendrin (Cabp2–/– and Cabp1–/–) to test whether these CaBPs are essential for normal retinal function. By immunohistochemistry, the overall morphology of Cabp1–/– and Cabp2–/– retinas and the number of synaptic ribbons appear normal; transmission electron microscopy shows normal tethered ribbon synapses and synaptic vesicles as in wild-type retinas. However, whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed that light responses of retinal ganglion cells of Cabp2–/– and Cabp1–/– mice differ in amplitude and kinetics from those of wild-type mice. We conclude that CaBP1/caldendrin and CaBP2 are not required for normal gross retinal and synapse morphology but are necessary for the proper transmission of light responses through the retina; like other CaBPs, CaBP1/caldendrin and CaBP2 likely act by modulating presynaptic Ca2+-dependent signaling mechanisms.
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47
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Impact of Heat Stress on Cellular and Transcriptional Adaptation of Mammary Epithelial Cells in Riverine Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157237. [PMID: 27682256 PMCID: PMC5040452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to identify the heat responsive genes and biological pathways in heat stressed buffalo mammary epithelial cells (MECs). The primary mammary epithelial cells of riverine buffalo were exposed to thermal stress at 42°C for one hour. The cells were subsequently allowed to recover at 37°C and harvested at different time intervals (30 min to 48 h) along with control samples (un-stressed). In order to assess the impact of heat stress in buffalo MECs, several in-vitro cellular parameters (lactate dehydrogenase activity, cell proliferation assay, cellular viability, cell death and apoptosis) and transcriptional studies were conducted. The heat stress resulted in overall decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation of MECs while induction of cellular apoptosis and necrosis. The transcriptomic profile of heat stressed MECs was generated using Agilent 44 K bovine oligonucleotide array and at cutoff criteria of ≥3-or ≤3 fold change, a total of 153 genes were observed to be upregulated while 8 genes were down regulated across all time points post heat stress. The genes that were specifically up-regulated or down-regulated were identified as heat responsive genes. The upregulated genes in heat stressed MECs belonged to heat shock family viz., HSPA6, HSPB8, DNAJB2, HSPA1A. Along with HSPs, genes like BOLA, MRPL55, PFKFB3, PSMC2, ENDODD1, ARID5A, and SENP3 were also upregulated. Microarray data revealed that the heat responsive genes belonged to different functional classes viz., chaperons; immune responsive; cell proliferation and metabolism related. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of several biological processes like; cellular process, metabolic process, response to stimulus, biological regulation, immune system processes and signaling. The transcriptome analysis data was further validated by RT-qPCR studies. Several HSP (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSPB1), apoptotic (Bax and Bcl2), immune (IL6, TNFα and NF-kβ) and oxidative stress (GPX1 and DUSP1) related genes showed differential expression profile at different time points post heat stress. The transcriptional data strongly indicated the induction of survival/apoptotic mechanism in heat stressed buffalo MECs. The overrepresented pathways across all time points were; electron transport chain, cytochrome P450, apoptosis, MAPK, FAS and stress induction of HSP regulation, delta Notch signaling, apoptosis modulation by HSP70, EGFR1 signaling, cytokines and inflammatory response, oxidative stress, TNF-alpha and NF- kB signaling pathway. The study thus identified several genes from different functional classes and biological pathways that could be termed as heat responsive in buffalo MEC. The responsiveness of buffalo MECs to heat stress in the present study clearly suggested its suitability as a model to understand the modulation of buffalo mammary gland expression signature in response to environmental heat load.
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48
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Thomas JR, Lee A. Measuring Ca2+-Dependent Modulation of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels in HEK-293T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2016; 2016:2016/9/pdb.prot087213. [PMID: 27587775 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot087213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca(2+) (Cav) channels regulate a variety of biological processes, such as muscle contraction, gene expression, and neurotransmitter release. Cav channels are subject to diverse forms of regulation, including those involving the Ca(2+) ions that permeate the pore. High voltage-activated Cav channels undergo Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation (CDI) and facilitation (CDF), which can regulate processes such as cardiac rhythm and synaptic plasticity. CDI and CDF differ slightly between Cav1 (L-type) and Cav2 (P/Q-, N-, and R-type) channels. Human embryonic kidney cells transformed with SV40 large T-antigen (HEK-293T) are advantageous for studying CDI and CDF of a particular type of Cav channel. HEK-293T cells do not express endogenous Cav channels, but Cav channels can be expressed exogenously at high levels in these cells by transient transfection. This protocol describes how to characterize and analyze Ca(2+)-dependent modulation of recombinant Cav channels in HEK-293T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Thomas
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Amy Lee
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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49
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Todd PAC, McCue HV, Haynes LP, Barclay JW, Burgoyne RD. Interaction of ARF-1.1 and neuronal calcium sensor-1 in the control of the temperature-dependency of locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30023. [PMID: 27435667 PMCID: PMC4951722 DOI: 10.1038/srep30023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) mediates changes in cellular function by regulating various target proteins. Many potential targets have been identified but the physiological significance of only a few has been established. Upon temperature elevation, Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits reversible paralysis. In the absence of NCS-1, worms show delayed onset and a shorter duration of paralysis. This phenotype can be rescued by re-expression of ncs-1 in AIY neurons. Mutants with defects in four potential NCS-1 targets (arf-1.1, pifk-1, trp-1 and trp-2) showed qualitatively similar phenotypes to ncs-1 null worms, although the effect of pifk-1 mutation on time to paralysis was considerably delayed. Inhibition of pifk-1 also resulted in a locomotion phenotype. Analysis of double mutants showed no additive effects between mutations in ncs-1 and trp-1 or trp-2. In contrast, double mutants of arf-1.1 and ncs-1 had an intermediate phenotype, consistent with NCS-1 and ARF-1.1 acting in the same pathway. Over-expression of arf-1.1 in the AIY neurons was sufficient to rescue partially the phenotype of both the arf-1.1 and the ncs-1 null worms. These findings suggest that ARF-1.1 interacts with NCS-1 in AIY neurons and potentially pifk-1 in the Ca(2+) signaling pathway that leads to inhibited locomotion at an elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. C. Todd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah V. McCue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Lee P. Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff W. Barclay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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50
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Haeseleer F, Williams B, Lee A. Characterization of C-terminal Splice Variants of Cav1.4 Ca2+ Channels in Human Retina. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15663-73. [PMID: 27226626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (Cav) undergo extensive alternative splicing that greatly enhances their functional diversity in excitable cells. Here, we characterized novel splice variants of the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of Cav1.4 Ca(2+) channels that regulate neurotransmitter release in photoreceptors in the retina. These variants lack a portion of exon 45 and/or the entire exon 47 (Cav1.4Δex p45, Cav1.4Δex 47, Cav1.4Δex p45,47) and are expressed in the retina of primates but not mice. Although the electrophysiological properties of Cav1.4Δex p45 are similar to those of full-length channels (Cav1.4FL), skipping of exon 47 dramatically alters Cav1.4 function. Deletion of exon 47 removes part of a C-terminal automodulatory domain (CTM) previously shown to suppress Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation (CDI) and to cause a positive shift in the voltage dependence of channel activation. Exon 47 is crucial for these effects of the CTM because variants lacking this exon show intense CDI and activate at more hyperpolarized voltages than Cav1.4FL The robust CDI of Cav1.4Δex 47 is suppressed by CaBP4, a regulator of Cav1.4 channels in photoreceptors. Although CaBP4 enhances activation of Cav1.4FL, Cav1.4Δex 47 shows similar voltage-dependent activation in the presence and absence of CaBP4. We conclude that exon 47 encodes structural determinants that regulate CDI and voltage-dependent activation of Cav1.4, and is necessary for modulation of channel activation by CaBP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Haeseleer
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Brittany Williams
- the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Amy Lee
- the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Neurology, and
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