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Sun L, Yuan C, An X, Kong L, Zhang D, Chen B, Lu Z, Liu J. Delta-like noncanonical notch ligand 2 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of sheep myoblasts through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31385. [PMID: 39030845 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
This study delved into the role of delta-like noncanonical notch ligand 2 (DLK2) in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts, as well as its interaction with the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in regulating myoblast function. The research revealed that upregulation of DLK2 in myoblasts during the proliferation phase enhanced myoblast proliferation, facilitated cell cycle progression, and reduced apoptosis. Conversely, downregulation of DLK2 expression using siRNA during the differentiation phase promoted myoblast hypertrophy and fusion, suppressed the expression of muscle fiber degradation factors, and expedited the differentiation process. DLK2 regulates myoblasts function by influencing the expression of various factors associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including CTNNB1, FZD1, FZD6, RSPO1, RSPO4, WNT4, WNT5A, and adenomatous polyposis coli. In essence, DLK2, with the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays a crucial regulatory role in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang Z, Deng K, Kang Z, Wang F, Fan Y. MicroRNA profiling reveals miR‐145‐5p inhibits goat myoblast differentiation by targeting the coding domain sequence of USP13. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22370. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200246r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Ziqi Kang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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Li A, Gu Y, Zhang X, Yu H, Liu D, Pang Q. Betaine Regulates the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species Through Wnt10b Signaling in the Liver of Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2022; 13:877178. [PMID: 35574489 PMCID: PMC9096094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.877178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When fish are under oxidative stress, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chronically elevated, which play a crucial role in fish innate immunity. In the present study, the mechanism by which betaine regulates ROS production via Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling was investigated in zebrafish liver. Our results showed that betaine enrichment of diet at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg induced Wnt10b and β-catenin gene expression, but suppressed GSK-3β expression in zebrafish liver. In addition, the content of superoxide anion (O2·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) was decreased by all of the experimental betaine treatments. However, betaine enrichment of diet at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg enhanced gene expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) in zebrafish liver. In addition, Wnt10b RNA was further interfered in zebrafish, and the results of Wnt10b RNAi indicated that Wnt10b plays a key role in regulating ROS production and antioxidant enzyme activity. In conclusion, betaine can inhibit ROS production in zebrafish liver through the Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yaqi Gu
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhang
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang Bioengineering Technology Research Center, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- *Correspondence: Dongwu Liu, ; Qiuxiang Pang,
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- *Correspondence: Dongwu Liu, ; Qiuxiang Pang,
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4
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Optineurin promotes myogenesis during muscle regeneration in mice by autophagic degradation of GSK3β. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001619. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is essential for maintaining muscle function in injury and muscular disease. Myogenesis plays key roles in forming new myofibers during the process. Here, through bioinformatic screen for the potential regulators of myogenesis from 5 independent microarray datasets, we identify an overlapping differentially expressed gene (DEG) optineurin (OPTN). Optn knockdown (KD) delays muscle regeneration in mice and impairs C2C12 myoblast differentiation without affecting their proliferation. Conversely, Optn overexpression (OE) promotes myoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, OPTN increases nuclear levels of β-catenin and enhances the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription activity, suggesting activation of Wnt signaling pathway. The activation is accompanied by decreased protein levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a negative regulator of the pathway. We further show that OPTN physically interacts with and targets GSK3β for autophagic degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β rescues the impaired myogenesis induced by Optn KD during muscle regeneration and myoblast differentiation, corroborating that GSK3β is the downstream effector of OPTN-mediated myogenesis. Together, our study delineates the novel role of OPTN as a potential regulator of myogenesis and may open innovative therapeutic perspectives for muscle regeneration.
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Koike TE, Fuziwara CS, Brum PC, Kimura ET, Rando TA, Miyabara EH. Muscle Stem Cell Function Is Impaired in β2-Adrenoceptor Knockout Mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2431-2443. [PMID: 35244862 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Knockout (ko) mice for the β2 adrenoceptor (Adrβ2) have impaired skeletal muscle regeneration, suggesting that this receptor is important for muscle stem cell (satellite cell) function. Here, we investigated the role of Adrβ2 in the function of satellite cells from β2ko mice in the context of muscle regeneration, through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of self-renewed Pax7+ satellite cells, proliferating Pax7+/MyoD+ myogenic precursor cells, and regenerating eMHC+ myofibers in regenerating muscle of β2ko mice at 30, 3, and 10 days post-injury, respectively. Quiescent satellite cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and cell cycle entry was assessed by EdU incorporation. The results demonstrated a lower number of proliferating Pax7+/EdU+ satellite cells from β2ko mice. There was an increase in the gene expression of the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a and Notch pathway components and the activation of Notch signaling in proliferating myoblasts from β2ko mice. There was a decrease in the number of myogenin-positive nuclei in myofibers maintained in differentiation media, and a lower fusion index in differentiating myoblasts from β2ko mice. Furthermore, the gene expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components, the expression of nuclear β-catenin and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased in differentiating myoblasts from β2ko mice. These results indicate that Adrβ2 plays a crucial role in satellite cell self-renewal, as well as in myoblast proliferation and differentiation by regulating Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Koike
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415. CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cesar S Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna T Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elen H Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415. CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Abou Azar F, Lim GE. Metabolic Contributions of Wnt Signaling: More Than Controlling Flight. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709823. [PMID: 34568323 PMCID: PMC8458764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is ubiquitous throughout the body and influences a diverse array of physiological processes. Following the initial discovery of the Wnt signaling pathway during wing development in Drosophila melanogaster, it is now widely appreciated that active Wnt signaling in mammals is necessary for the development and growth of various tissues involved in whole-body metabolism, such as brain, liver, pancreas, muscle, and adipose. Moreover, elegant gain- and loss-of-function studies have dissected the tissue-specific roles of various downstream effector molecules in the regulation of energy homeostasis. This review attempts to highlight and summarize the contributions of the Wnt signaling pathway and its downstream effectors on whole-body metabolism and their influence on the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. A better understanding of the Wnt signaling pathway in these tissues may aid in guiding the development of future therapeutics to treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Abou Azar
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Liu D, Gu Y, Yu H. Vitamin C regulates the production of reactive oxygen species through Wnt10b signaling in the gill of zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1271-1282. [PMID: 34228252 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism that vitamin C (VC) regulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Wnt10b signaling was investigated in the gill of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed that 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg VC diets induced the gene expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin, SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX in gill. In addition, VC decreased the levels of H2O2, O2·- and ·OH, whereas the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX were increased by VC in the gill of zebrafish. To evaluate the role of Wnt10b in regulating oxidative stress, Wnt10b RNA was further interfered and the gene expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes were detected in gill. The result of Wnt10b RNA interference showed that Wnt10b signaling played a key role in regulating the gene expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX. In all, VC may regulate the production of ROS through Wnt10b signaling in the gill of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Yaqi Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang Bioengineering Technology Research Center, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
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Won DH, Hwang DB, Shin YS, Kim SY, Kim C, Hong IS, Kang BC, Che JH, Yun JW. Cellular signaling crosstalk between Wnt signaling and gap junctions inbenzo[a]pyrene toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:165-182. [PMID: 34283317 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is considered a key biological mechanism to maintain homeostasis in cell differentiation and growth. In addition, as another major signaling pathway associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to trigger several cellular responses against injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a known toxic agent, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), on the regulation and interaction between GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BaP treatment resulted in GJIC inhibition and decreases the major GJIC protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. We also found BaP-mediated downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling related to the PI3K-Akt pathway. To identify the relationship between GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we treated WB-F344 cells with the Wnt agonist CHIR99021 and found that it inhibited GJIC while causing a significant reduction in Cx43 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, through the repression of promoter activity. This Wnt agonist-mediated GJIC inhibition was confirmed using a small interfering RNA directed against the Wnt antagonist Dact2, indicating that Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates GJIC. Despite the inverse correlation between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Cx43 promoter activation as indicated by downregulation of β-catenin nuclear translocation and upregulation of Cx43 promoter activation involving HNF3β, BaP treatment decreased the Cx43 protein expression, which was associated with protein degradation, possibly through protein kinase C activation. In conclusion, our results revealed the mechanism of BaP-induced inhibition of GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. More importantly, linking Wnt/β-catenin signaling to Cx protein expression will have profound implications in understanding the relationships among different major signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and differentiation in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Da-Bin Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Sub Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Changuk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea. .,Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Effects of maternal gestational diet, with or without methionine, on muscle transcriptome of Bos indicus-influenced beef calves following a vaccine-induced immunological challenge. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253810. [PMID: 34166453 PMCID: PMC8224847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during gestation can cause epigenetic effects that translate to alterations in gene expression in offspring. This 2-year study employed RNA-sequencing technology to evaluate the pre- and post-vaccination muscle transcriptome of early-weaned Bos indicus-influenced beef calves born from dams offered different supplementation strategies from 57 ± 5 d prepartum until 17 ± 5 d postpartum. Seventy-two Brangus heifers (36 heifers/yr) were stratified by body weight and body condition score and assigned to bahiagrass pastures (3 heifers/pasture/yr). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures and consisted of (i) no pre- or postpartum supplementation (NOSUP), (ii) pre- and postpartum supplementation of protein and energy using 7.2 kg of dry matter/heifer/wk of molasses + urea (MOL), or (iii) MOL fortified with 105 g/heifer/wk of methionine hydroxy analog (MOLMET). Calves were weaned on d 147 of the study. On d 154, 24 calves/yr (8 calves/treatment) were randomly selected and individually limit-fed a high-concentrate diet until d 201. Calves were vaccinated on d 160. Muscle biopsies were collected from the same calves (4 calves/treatment/day/yr) on d 154 (pre-vaccination) and 201 (post-vaccination) for gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing. Molasses maternal supplementation led to a downregulation of genes associated with muscle cell differentiation and development along with intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathway) compared to no maternal supplementation. Maternal fortification with methionine altered functional gene-sets involved in amino acid transport and metabolism and the one-carbon cycle. In addition, muscle transcriptome was impacted by vaccination with a total of 2,396 differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05) on d 201 vs. d 154. Genes involved in cell cycle progression, extracellular matrix, and collagen formation were upregulated after vaccination. This study demonstrated that maternal supplementation of energy and protein, with or without, methionine has long-term implications on the muscle transcriptome of offspring and potentially influence postnatal muscle development.
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Wu Q, Li G, Huo T, Du X, Yang Q, Hung TC, Yan W. Mechanisms of parental co-exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and microcystin-LR aggravated hatching inhibition of zebrafish offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145766. [PMID: 33610984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combined toxicity effects of microcystins-LR (MCLR) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on the hatching of F1 zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were investigated in this study due to the increasing concerns of both plastic pollution and eutrophication in aquatic environments. Three-month-old zebrafish were used to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the combined effect of MCLR (0, 0.9, 4.5, and 22.5 μg/L) on egg hatching in the existence of PSNPs (100 μg/L). The results demonstrated the existence of PSNPs further increased the accumulation of MCLR in F1 embryos. The hatching rates of F1 embryos were inhibited after exposure to 22.5 μg/L MCLR, and the presence of PSNPs aggravated the hatching inhibition induced by MCLR. The decrease of hatching enzyme activity and the abnormality of spontaneous movement were observed. We examined the altered expression levels of the genes associated with the hatching enzyme (tox16, foxp1, ctslb, xpb1, klf4, cap1, bmp4, cd63, He1.2, zhe1, and prl), cholinergic system (ache and chrnα7), and muscle development (Wnt, MyoD, Myf5, Myogenin, and MRF4). The results suggested the existence of PSNPs exacerbated the hatching inhibition of F1 embryos through decreasing the activity of enzyme, interfering with the cholinergic system, and affecting the muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei province 435002, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center of Special Wild Vegetables Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tangbin Huo
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Xue Du
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydro-ecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tien-Chieh Hung
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China.
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11
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Zhang YJ, Yao Y, Zhang PD, Li ZH, Zhang P, Li FR, Wang ZH, Liu D, Lv YB, Kang L, Shi XM, Mao C. Association of regular aerobic exercises and neuromuscular junction variants with incidence of frailty: an analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:350-357. [PMID: 33527771 PMCID: PMC8061381 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidate genes of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) pathway increased risk of frailty, but the extent and whether can be offset by exercises was unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between aerobic exercises and incident frailty regardless of NMJ pathway-related genetic risk. METHODS A cohort study on participants from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was conducted from 2008 to 2011. A total of 7006 participants (mean age of 80.6 ± 10.3 years) without frailty at baseline were interviewed to record aerobic exercise status, and 4053 individuals among them submitted saliva samples. NMJ pathway-related genes were genotyped and weighted genetic risk scores were constructed. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (19 634 person-years), there were 1345 cases (19.2%) of incident frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises were associated with a 26% lesser frailty risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.85]. This association was stronger in a subgroup of 1552 longevous participants (age between 90 and 111 years, adjusted HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60-0.87). High genetic risk was associated with a 35% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16-1.58). Of the participants with high genetic risk and no persistent aerobic exercises, there was a 59% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.20-2.09). HRs for the risk of frailty increased from the low genetic risk with persistent aerobic exercise to high genetic risk without persistent aerobic exercise (P trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic exercises and NMJ pathway-related genetic risk were significantly associated with frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises can partly offset NMJ pathway-related genetic risk to frailty in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-He Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Muscle cell differentiation and development pathway defects in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:443-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Acosta FM, Jia UTA, Stojkova K, Pacelli S, Brey EM, Rathbone C. Divergent effects of myogenic differentiation and diabetes on the capacity for muscle precursor cell adipogenic differentiation in a fibrin matrix. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:21-28. [PMID: 32192775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of ectopic adipose tissue in skeletal muscle is associated with several skeletal muscle and metabolic pathologies, including Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The adipogenic differentiation of muscle precursor cells (MPCs) has been postulated to occur in skeletal muscle in vivo in a three-dimensional (3-D) configuration; therefore, it is appropriate to investigate this phenomenon using 3-D matrices in vitro. The capacity for MPC adipogenic differentiation in a 3-D environment was investigated in fibrin hydrogels by treating MPCs derived from healthy or diabetic animals with adipogenic induction medias that differed in their ability to increase lipid accumulation and activate the expression of genes associated with adipogenic differentiation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS)). The capacity for adipogenic differentiation was diminished, but not prevented, if myogenic differentiation preceded MPC exposure to adipogenic induction conditions. Conversely, adipogenic differentiation was greater in hydrogels containing MPCs from diabetic rats as compared to those derived from lean rats, as evidenced by an increase in lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. Collectively, the data herein support a role for the MPCs in adipogenesis in a 3-D environment and that they may contribute to the ectopic accumulation of adipose tissue. The observation that the potential for adipogenic differentiation is maintained even after a period of myogenic differentiation alludes to the possibility that adipogenesis may occur during different phases of muscle development. Finally, the increase in adipogenic differentiation in hydrogels containing MPCs derived from diabetic animals provides strong evidence that a pathological environment in vivo increases their capacity for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA; UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - U-Ter Aonda Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA; UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Christopher Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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14
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Huang J, Wang K, Shiflett LA, Brotto L, Bonewald LF, Wacker MJ, Dallas SL, Brotto M. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2C12 and human muscle cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3562-3580. [PMID: 31735119 PMCID: PMC6927711 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1691796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (osteosarcopenia (OS)) are twin-aging diseases. The biochemical crosstalk between muscle and bone seems to play a role in OS. We have previously shown that osteocytes produce soluble factors with beneficial effects on muscle and vice versa. Recently, enhanced FGF9 production was observed in the OmGFP66 osteogenic cell line. To test its role in myogenic differentiation, C2C12 myoblasts were treated with recombinant FGF9. FGF9 as low as 10 ng/mL inhibited myogenic differentiation, suggesting that FGF9 might be a potential inhibitory factor produced from bone cells with effects on muscle cells. FGF9 (10–50 ng/mL) significantly decreased mRNA expression of MyoG and Mhc while increasing the expression of Myostatin. Consistent with the phenotype, RT-qPCR array revealed that FGF9 (10 ng/mL) increased the expression of Icam1 while decreased the expression of Wnt1 and Wnt6 decreased, respectively. FGF9 decreased caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of C2C12 myotubes and reduced the expression of genes (i.e. Cacna1s, RyR2, Naftc3) directly associated with intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Myogenic differentiation in human skeletal muscle cells was similarly inhibited by FGF9 but required higher doses of 200 ng/mL FGF9. FGF9 was also shown to stimulate C2C12 myoblast proliferation. FGF2 and the FGF9 subfamily members FGF16 and FGF20 also inhibited C2C12 myoblast differentiation and enhanced proliferation. Intriguingly, the differentiation inhibition was independent of proliferation enhancement. These findings suggest that FGF9 may modulate myogenesis via a complex signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lora A Shiflett
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Michael J Wacker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sarah L Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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15
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Liu D, Pang Q, Han Q, Shi Q, Zhang Q, Yu H. Wnt10b Participates in Regulating Fatty Acid Synthesis in the Muscle of Zebrafish. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091011. [PMID: 31480347 PMCID: PMC6769891 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 19 Wnt genes in mammals that belong to 12 subfamilies. Wnt signaling pathways participate in regulating numerous homeostatic and developmental processes in animals. However, the function of Wnt10b in fatty acid synthesis remains unclear in fish species. In the present study, we uncovered the role of the Wnt10b signaling pathway in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis in the muscle of zebrafish. The gene of Wnt10b was overexpressed in the muscle of zebrafish using pEGFP-N1-Wnt10b vector injection, which significantly decreased the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), but increased the expression of β-catenin, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα). Moreover, the activity and mRNA expression of key lipogenic enzymes ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and the content of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were also significantly decreased. Furthermore, interference of the Wnt10b gene significantly inhibited the expression of β-catenin, PPARγ, and C/EBPα, but significantly induced the expression of GSK-3β, FAS, ACC, and ACL. The content of NEFA, TC, and TG as well as the activity of FAS, ACC, and ACL significantly increased. Thus, our results showed that Wnt10b participates in regulating fatty acid synthesis via β-catenin, C/EBPα and PPARγ in the muscle of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Qiang Han
- Sunwin Biotech Shandong Co., Ltd., Weifang 262737, China
| | - Qilong Shi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Marine Science and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China.
| | - Hairui Yu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang Bioengineering Technology Research Center, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
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16
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Liu D, Li S, Cui Y, Tong H, Li S, Yan Y. Podocan affects C2C12 myogenic differentiation by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:11130-11139. [PMID: 30652305 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Podocan, a small leucine-rich repeat protein, is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. In this study, we demonstrated that podocan is involved in the differentiation of C2C12 murine myoblasts. Podocan expression increased with the progression of C2C12 differentiation. As expect, siRNA-mediated podocan knockdown inhibited C2C12 differentiation, as indicated by inhibition of MYOG, MYH2, and desmin expression, as well as reductions in the differentiation and fusion indices. Overexpression of podocan using dCas9 technology promoted C2C12 cell differentiation. In addition, supplementation of culture medium with podocan influenced C2C12 differentiation. Podocan knockdown reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling, characterized by a reduction in the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, whereas podocan overexpression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, treatment with XAV939, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin, reduced the podocan-mediated promotion of C2C12 differentiation. Induction of muscle injury in mice by bupivacaine administration suggested that podocan may play a role in muscle regeneration. In summary, our results suggest that podocan is required for normal C2C12 differentiation and that its role in myogenesis is mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yafeng Cui
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huili Tong
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunqin Yan
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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17
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Saleh A, Subramaniam G, Raychaudhuri S, Dhawan J. Cytoplasmic sequestration of the RhoA effector mDiaphanous1 by Prohibitin2 promotes muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8302. [PMID: 31165762 PMCID: PMC6549159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle differentiation is controlled by adhesion and growth factor-dependent signalling through common effectors that regulate muscle-specific transcriptional programs. Here we report that mDiaphanous1, an effector of adhesion-dependent RhoA-signalling, negatively regulates myogenesis at the level of Myogenin expression. In myotubes, over-expression of mDia1ΔN3, a RhoA-independent mutant, suppresses Myogenin promoter activity and expression. We investigated mDia1-interacting proteins that may counteract mDia1 to permit Myogenin expression and timely differentiation. Using yeast two-hybrid and mass-spectrometric analysis, we report that mDia1 has a stage-specific interactome, including Prohibitin2, MyoD, Akt2, and β-Catenin, along with a number of proteosomal and mitochondrial components. Of these interacting partners, Prohibitin2 colocalises with mDia1 in cytoplasmic punctae in myotubes. We mapped the interacting domains of mDia1 and Phb2, and used interacting (mDia1ΔN3/Phb2 FL or mDia1ΔN3/Phb2-Carboxy) and non-interacting pairs (mDia1H + P/Phb2 FL or mDia1ΔN3/Phb2-Amino) to dissect the functional consequences of this partnership on Myogenin promoter activity. Co-expression of full-length as well as mDia1-interacting domains of Prohibitin2 reverse the anti-myogenic effects of mDia1ΔN3, while non-interacting regions do not. Our results suggest that Prohibitin2 sequesters mDia1, dampens its anti-myogenic activity and fine-tunes RhoA-mDia1 signalling to promote differentiation. Overall, we report that mDia1 is multi-functional signalling effector whose anti-myogenic activity is modulated by a differentiation-dependent interactome. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Saleh
- Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research -Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gunasekaran Subramaniam
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research -Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Swasti Raychaudhuri
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research -Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research -Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
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18
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Gu Y, Gao L, Li A, Liu D, Kang C, Pang Q, Wang X, Han Q, Yu H. Met-enkephalin inhibits ROS production through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the ZF4 cells of zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:432-440. [PMID: 30862518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Opioid neuropeptides are developed early in the course of a long evolutionary process. As the endogenous messengers of immune system, opioid neuropeptides participate in regulating immune response. In this study, the mechanism that Met-enkephalin (M-ENK) inhibits ROS production through Wnt/β-catenin signaling was investigated in the ZF4 cells of zebrafish. ZF4 cells were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μM Met-enkephalin (M-ENK) for 24 h, and the cell viability was detected with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cell viability was significantly increased by 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μM M-ENK. After ZF4 cells were exposed to 0, 20, 40, and 80 μM M-ENK for 24 h, the mRNA expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) was significantly increased by 40 and 80 μM M-ENK. However, the mRNA and protein expression of GSK-3β was significantly decreased by 40 and 80 μM M-ENK. The protein expression of β-catenin was significantly induced by 40 and 80 μM M-ENK, while the protein expression of p-β-catenin was significantly decreased by 20, 40, and 80 μM M-ENK. In addition, the mRNA expression of CAT, SOD, and GSH-PX was significantly increased by 40 and 80 μM M-ENK. The levels of H2O2, ·OH, and O2·- were significantly decreased, but the activity of CAT, SOD, and GSH-PX was significantly increased by 40 and 80 μM M-ENK. The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was decreased, and that of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was increased with the increase of M-ENK concentration in ZF4 cells. The results showed that M-ENK could induce Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which further inhibited ROS production through the induction of C/EBPα, MMP, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Yaqi Gu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Ao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China; School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Cuijie Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Sunwei Biotech Shandong Co., Ltd., Weifang, 261205, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang Bioengineering Technology Research Center, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
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19
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Cui S, Li L, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM, Hulin JA, Makarenkova HP, Meech R. β-Catenin is essential for differentiation of primary myoblasts via cooperation with MyoD and α-catenin. Development 2019; 146:dev.167080. [PMID: 30683662 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnts promote myoblast differentiation; however, the role of β-catenin in adult myogenesis has been contentious, and its mechanism(s) unclear. Using CRISPR-generated β-catenin-null primary adult mouse myoblasts, we found that β-catenin was essential for morphological differentiation and timely deployment of the myogenic gene program. Alignment, elongation and fusion were grossly impaired in null cells, and myogenic gene expression was not coordinated with cytoskeletal and membrane remodeling events. Rescue studies and genome-wide analyses extended previous findings that a β-catenin-TCF/LEF interaction is not required for differentiation, and that β-catenin enhances MyoD binding to myogenic loci. We mapped cellular pathways controlled by β-catenin and defined novel targets in myoblasts, including the fusogenic genes myomaker and myomixer. We also showed that interaction of β-catenin with α-catenin was important for efficient differentiation. Overall the study suggests dual roles for β-catenin: a TCF/LEF-independent nuclear function that coordinates an extensive network of myogenic genes in cooperation with MyoD; and an α-catenin-dependent membrane function that helps control cell-cell interactions. β-Catenin-TCF/LEF complexes may function primarily in feedback regulation to control levels of β-catenin and thus prevent precocious/excessive myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042 and Department of Biochemistry, University of Adelaide, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julie-Ann Hulin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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20
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Lifelong physical activity is associated with promoter hypomethylation of genes involved in metabolism, myogenesis, contractile properties and oxidative stress resistance in aged human skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3272. [PMID: 30824849 PMCID: PMC6397284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelong regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), maintenance of muscle mass and increased metabolic capacity. However, little is known about epigenetic mechanisms that might contribute to these beneficial effects in aged individuals. We investigated the effect of lifelong physical activity on global DNA methylation patterns in skeletal muscle of healthy aged men, who had either performed regular exercise or remained sedentary their entire lives (average age 62 years). DNA methylation was significantly lower in 714 promoters of the physically active than inactive men while methylation of introns, exons and CpG islands was similar in the two groups. Promoters for genes encoding critical insulin-responsive enzymes in glycogen metabolism, glycolysis and TCA cycle were hypomethylated in active relative to inactive men. Hypomethylation was also found in promoters of myosin light chain, dystrophin, actin polymerization, PAK regulatory genes and oxidative stress response genes. A cluster of genes regulated by GSK3β-TCF7L2 also displayed promoter hypomethylation. Together, our results suggest that lifelong physical activity is associated with DNA methylation patterns that potentially allow for increased insulin sensitivity and a higher expression of genes in energy metabolism, myogenesis, contractile properties and oxidative stress resistance in skeletal muscle of aged individuals.
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21
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Islr regulates canonical Wnt signaling-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration by stabilizing Dishevelled-2 and preventing autophagy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5129. [PMID: 30510196 PMCID: PMC6277414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are crucial for skeletal muscle regeneration, but the molecular mechanisms regulating satellite cells are not entirely understood. Here, we show that the immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (Islr), a newly identified marker for mesenchymal stem cells, stabilizes canonical Wnt signaling and promote skeletal muscle regeneration. Loss of Islr delays skeletal muscle regeneration in adult mice. In the absence of Islr, myoblasts fail to develop into mature myotubes due to defective differentiation. Islr interacts with Dishevelled-2 (Dvl2) to activate canonical Wnt signaling, consequently regulating the myogenic factor myogenin (MyoG). Furthermore, Islr stabilizes Dvl2 by reducing the level of LC3-labeled Dvl2 and preventing cells from undergoing autophagy. Together, our findings identify Islr as an important regulator for skeletal muscle regeneration. “Satellite cells are crucial for skeletal muscle regeneration. Here the authors show that immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (Islr) promotes skeletal muscle regeneration via a mechanism involving Dishevelled-2 stabilization in satellite cells and protection from autophagy.
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22
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Zhang R, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Shi X, Crump D, Letcher RJ, Giesy JP, Liu C. Down-Regulation of hspb9 and hspb11 Contributes to Wavy Notochord in Zebrafish Embryos Following Exposure to Polychlorinated Diphenylsulfides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12829-12840. [PMID: 30335980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that key genes, other than ahr2, are present and associated with the development of a unique type of notochord malformation known as wavy notochord in early life stages of zebrafish following exposure to polychlorinated diphenylsulfides (PCDPSs). To investigate the potential mechanism(s), time-dependent developmental morphologies of zebrafish embryos following exposure to 2500 nM 2,4,4',5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2',4-tri-CDPS or 4,4'-di-CDPS were observed to determine the developmental time point when notochord twists began to occur (i.e., 21 h-postfertilization (hpf)). Simultaneously, morphometric measurements suggested that PCDPS exposure did not affect notochord growth at 21 or 120 hpf; however, elongation of the body axis was significantly inhibited at 120 hpf. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the retardation of body growth was potentially related with dysregulation of transcripts predominantly associated with the insulin-associated Irs-Akt-FoxO cascade. Moreover, knockdown and gain-of-function experiments in vivo on codifferentially expressed genes demonstrated that reduced expression of hspb9 and hspb11 contributed to the occurrence of wavy notochord. The results of this study strongly support the hypothesis that the notochord kinks and twists are triggered by the down-regulation of hspb9 and hspb11, and intensified by body growth retardation along with normal notochord length in PCDPS-exposed zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
- Association of Chinese Chemists and Chemical Engineers in Germany , Limburgerhof 67117 , Germany
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Junjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , P. R. China
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , 1125 Colonel By Drive , Ottawa , K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , 1125 Colonel By Drive , Ottawa , K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B3 , Canada
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
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Plyler ZE, Birket SE, Schultz BD, Hong JS, Rowe SM, Petty CF, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Schoeb TR, Sorscher EJ. Non-obstructive vas deferens and epididymis loss in cystic fibrosis rats. Mech Dev 2018; 155:15-26. [PMID: 30391480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes morphological and mechanistic endpoints to characterize the onset of bilateral atresia of the vas deferens in a recently derived cystic fibrosis (CF) rat model. Embryonic reproductive structures, including Wolffian (mesonephric) duct, Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct, mesonephric tubules, and gonad, were shown to mature normally through late embryogenesis, with involution of the vas deferens and/or epididymis typically occurring between birth and postnatal day 4 (P4), although timing and degree of atresia varied. No evidence of mucus obstruction, which is associated with pathology in other CF-affected tissues, was observed at any embryological or postnatal time point. Reduced epididymal coiling was noted post-partum and appeared to coincide with, or predate, loss of more distal vas deferens structure. Remarkably, α smooth muscle actin expression in cells surrounding duct epithelia was markedly diminished in CF animals by P2.5 when compared to wild type counterparts, indicating reduced muscle development. RNA-seq and immunohistochemical analysis of affected tissues showed disruption of developmental signaling by Wnt and related pathways. The findings have relevance to vas deferens loss in humans with CF, where timing of ductular damage is not well characterized and underlying mechanisms are not understood. If vas deferens atresia in humans begins in late gestation and continues through early postnatal life, emerging modulator therapies given perinatally might preserve and enhance integrity of the reproductive tract, which is otherwise absent or deficient in 97% of males with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z E Plyler
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S E Birket
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - B D Schultz
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J S Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S M Rowe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C F Petty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - T R Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E J Sorscher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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24
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Liu D, Yu H, Gao L, Li A, Deng H, Zhang Z, Tao S, Liu Z, Yang Q, Pang Q. The inhibition of GSK-3β promotes the production of reactive oxygen species via β-catenin/C/EBPα signaling in the spleen of zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 76:110-120. [PMID: 29477497 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism that the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via β-catenin/CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) signaling was investigated in the spleen of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results demonstrated that the inhibition of GSK-3β induced the mRNA expression of β-catenin and C/EBPα by lithium (Li) treatments or GSK-3β RNA interference. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.-), and hydroxy radical (·OH) as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased, while the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were decreased in the spleen and ZF4 cells of zebrafish by Li+ treatments. In addition, GSK-3β RNA interference increased ROS levels and decreased the activities of CAT and GSH-PX in the spleen. The fluorescence intensity of ROS was increased but the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was decreased by Li+ treatments in ZF4 cells labeled with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and Rhodamine-123, respectively. The results of present study indicated that the inhibition of GSK-3β promoted the ROS production via β-catenin/C/EBPα signaling in the spleen of zebrafish, and the balance between ROS and antioxidants could be destroyed by the GSK-3β/β-catenin/C/EBPα signaling. The results may be a valuable contribution to understanding the modulatory mechanism of GSK-3β/β-catenin/C/EBPα signaling on the antioxidant system in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang Bioengineering Technology Research Center, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Ao Li
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Shiyi Tao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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25
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Girardi F, Le Grand F. Wnt Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Development and Regeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:157-179. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Mueller CE, Birk R, Kramer B, Wenzel A, Sommer JU, Hörmann K, Stern-Straeter J, Weilbach C. Influence of static magnetic fields on human myoblast/mesenchymal stem cell co‑cultures. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3813-3820. [PMID: 29286120 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of surgical repair of extensive muscle tissue defects are still of primary concern, leaving patients with residual cosmetic and functional impairments. Therefore, skeletal muscle tissue engineering attempts to grow functional neo‑tissue from human stem cells to promote tissue regeneration and support defect closure. Despite intensive research efforts, the goal of stable induction of myogenic differentiation in expanded human stem cells by using clinically feasible stimuli, has not yet been reached to a sufficient extent. Therefore, the present study investigated the differentiation potential of static magnetic fields (SMFs), using co‑cultures of human satellite cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It has previously been demonstrated that SMFs may act as a promising myogenic stimulus. Tests were performed on co‑cultures with and without SMF exposure, using growth medium [high growth factor concentrations (GM)] and differentiation medium [low growth factors concentrations (DM)]. AlamarBlue® assay‑based cell proliferation analysis revealed no significant difference between co‑cultures with, vs. without SMF stimulation, regardless of growth factor concentrations in the cell culture medium. To determine the degree of differentiation in co‑cultures under stimulation with SMFs, semi‑quantitative gene expression measurements of the following marker genes were performed: Desmin, myogenic factor 5, myogenic differentiation antigen 1, myogenin, adult myosin heavy chain 1 and skeletal muscle α1 actin. In neither GM nor DM was a steady, significant increase in marker gene expression detected. Verifying the gene expression findings, immunohistochemical antibody staining against differentiation markers revealed that SMF exposure did not enhance myogenic maturation. Therefore, SMF treatment of human satellite cell/MSC co‑cultures did not result in the desired increase in myogenic differentiation. Further studies are required to identify a suitable stimulus for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Emika Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Birk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Marburg University Hospital, Philipps‑University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kramer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angela Wenzel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Ulrich Sommer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Hörmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Christian Weilbach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Josefs‑Hospital, D‑49661 Cloppenburg, Germany
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27
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Rajasekaran MR, Kanoo S, Fu J, Nguyen MUL, Bhargava V, Mittal RK. Age-related external anal sphincter muscle dysfunction and fibrosis: possible role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G581-G588. [PMID: 28838987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00209.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies show an age-related increase in the prevalence of anal incontinence and sphincter muscle atrophy. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been recently recognized as the major molecular pathway involved in age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis. The goals of our study were to 1) evaluate the impact of normal aging on external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle length-tension (L-T) function and morphology and 2) specifically examine the role of Wnt signaling pathways in anal sphincter muscle fibrosis. New Zealand White female rabbits [6 young (6 mo of age) and 6 old (36 mo of age)] were anesthetized, and anal canal pressure was measured to determine the L-T function of EAS. Animals were killed at the end of the study, and the anal canal was harvested and processed for histochemical studies (Masson trichrome stain for muscle/connective tissue) as well as for molecular markers for fibrosis and atrophy [collagen I, β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), atrogin-1, and muscle-specific RING finger protein-1 (MuRF-1)]. The L-T was significantly impaired in older animals compared with young animals. Anal canal sections stained with trichrome showed a significant decrease in the muscle content (52% in old compared with 70% in young) and an increase in the connective tissue/collagen content in the old animals. An increased protein and mRNA expression of all the fibrosis markers was seen in the older animals. Aging EAS muscle exhibits impairment of function and increase in connective tissue. Upregulation of atrophy and profibrogenic proteins with aging may be the reason for the age-related decrease in anal sphincter muscle thickness and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies using a female rabbit model show age-related alterations in the structure and function of the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle. We used endoluminal ultrasound to measure age-related changes in EAS muscle thickness. We employed Western blot and quantitative PCR to demonstrate age-related changes in the levels of important fibrogenic as well as atrophy markers. Our findings may have significant clinical implications, i.e., use of specific antagonists to prevent age-related EAS muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raj Rajasekaran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California; .,Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California; and
| | - Sadhana Kanoo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Johnny Fu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California
| | - My-Uyen Lilly Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Valmik Bhargava
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ravinder K Mittal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California
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28
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Jebessa E, Ouyang H, Abdalla BA, Li Z, Abdullahi AY, Liu Q, Nie Q, Zhang X. Characterization of miRNA and their target gene during chicken embryo skeletal muscle development. Oncotarget 2017; 9:17309-17324. [PMID: 29707110 PMCID: PMC5915118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression by degradation or translational inhibition. We investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development based on differentially expressed genes and miRNAs. We compared mRNA and miRNA from chicken skeletal muscle at embryonic day E11, E16 and one day post-hatch (P1). The interaction networks were constructed, according to target prediction results and integration analysis of up-regulated genes with down regulated miRNAs or down-regulated genes with up-regulated miRNAs with |log2fold change| ≥ 1.75, P < 0.005. The miRNA-mRNA integration analysis showed high number of mRNAs regulated by a few number of miRNAs. In the E11_VS_E16, comparison group we identified biological processes including muscle maintenance, myoblast proliferation and muscle thin filament formation. The E11_VS_P1 group comparison included negative regulation of axon extension, sarcomere organization, and cell redox homeostasis and kinase inhibitor activity. The E16_VS_P1 comparison group contained genes for the negative regulation of anti-apoptosis and axon extension as well as glomerular basement membrane development. Functional in vitro assays indicated that over expression of miR-222a and miR-126–5p in DF-1 cells significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the target genes CPEB3 and FGFR3, respectively. These integrated analyses provide several candidates for future studies concerning miRNAs-target function on regulation of embryonic muscle development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endashaw Jebessa
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongjia Ouyang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bahareldin Ali Abdalla
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Auwalu Yusuf Abdullahi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingshen Liu
- Department of Animal Production and Management, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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29
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Iyer A, Koch AJ, Holaska JM. Expression Profiling of Differentiating Emerin-Null Myogenic Progenitor Identifies Molecular Pathways Implicated in Their Impaired Differentiation. Cells 2017; 6:cells6040038. [PMID: 29065506 PMCID: PMC5755497 DOI: 10.3390/cells6040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding emerin cause Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), a disorder causing progressive skeletal muscle wasting, irregular heart rhythms and contractures of major tendons. RNA sequencing was performed on differentiating wildtype and emerin-null myogenic progenitors to identify molecular pathways implicated in EDMD, 340 genes were uniquely differentially expressed during the transition from day 0 to day 1 in wildtype cells. 1605 genes were uniquely expressed in emerin-null cells; 1706 genes were shared among both wildtype and emerin-null cells. One thousand and forty-seven transcripts showed differential expression during the transition from day 1 to day 2. Four hundred and thirty-one transcripts showed altered expression in both wildtype and emerin-null cells. Two hundred and ninety-five transcripts were differentially expressed only in emerin-null cells and 321 transcripts were differentially expressed only in wildtype cells. DAVID, STRING and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified pathways implicated in impaired emerin-null differentiation, including cell signaling, cell cycle checkpoints, integrin signaling, YAP/TAZ signaling, stem cell differentiation, and multiple muscle development and myogenic differentiation pathways. Functional enrichment analysis showed biological functions associated with the growth of muscle tissue and myogenesis of skeletal muscle were inhibited. The large number of differentially expressed transcripts upon differentiation induction suggests emerin functions during transcriptional reprograming of progenitors to committed myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvin Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Adam J Koch
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - James M Holaska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rm 534, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway St., Camden, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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30
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Huang J, Romero-Suarez S, Lara N, Mo C, Kaja S, Brotto L, Dallas SL, Johnson ML, Jähn K, Bonewald LF, Brotto M. Crosstalk between MLO-Y4 osteocytes and C2C12 muscle cells is mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. JBMR Plus 2017; 1:86-100. [PMID: 29104955 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of osteocyte secreted factors on myogenesis and muscle function. MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cell conditioned media (CM) (10%) increased ex vivo soleus muscle contractile force by ~25%. MLO-Y4 and primary osteocyte CM (1-10%) stimulated myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, but 10% osteoblast CMs did not enhance C2C12 cell differentiation. Since WNT3a and WNT1 are secreted by osteocytes, and the expression level of Wnt3a is increased in MLO-Y4 cells by fluid flow shear stress, both were compared, showing WNT3a more potent than WNT1 in inducing myogenesis. Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with WNT3a at concentrations as low as 0.5ng/mL mirrored the effects of both primary osteocyte and MLO-Y4 CM by inducing nuclear translocation of β-catenin with myogenic differentiation, suggesting that Wnts might be potential factors secreted by osteocytes that signal to muscle cells. Knocking down Wnt3a in MLO-Y4 osteocytes inhibited the effect of CM on C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Sclerostin (100ng/mL) inhibited both the effects of MLO-Y4 CM and WNT3a on C2C12 cell differentiation. RT-PCR array results supported the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by MLO-Y4 CM and WNT3a. These results were confirmed by qPCR showing up-regulation of myogenic markers and two Wnt/β-catenin downstream genes, Numb and Flh1. We postulated that MLO-Y4 CM/WNT3a could modulate intracellular calcium homeostasis as the trigger mechanism for the enhanced myogenesis and contractile force. MLO-Y4 CM and WNT3a increased caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of C2C12 myotubes and the expression of genes directly associated with intracellular Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis. Together, these data show that in vitro and ex vivo, osteocytes can stimulate myogenesis and enhance muscle contractile function and suggest that Wnts could be mediators of bone to muscle signaling, likely via modulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling and the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Muscle Biology Research Group-MUBIG, School sof Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri- Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sandra Romero-Suarez
- Muscle Biology Research Group-MUBIG, School sof Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri- Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Nuria Lara
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Chenglin Mo
- Muscle Biology Research Group-MUBIG, School sof Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri- Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Simon Kaja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group-MUBIG, School sof Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri- Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sarah L Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Katharina Jähn
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group-MUBIG, School sof Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri- Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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31
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Rajasekaran MR, Kanoo S, Fu J, Bhargava V, Mittal RK. Wnt-β Catenin Signaling Pathway: A Major Player in the Injury Induced Fibrosis and Dysfunction of the External Anal Sphincter. Sci Rep 2017; 7:963. [PMID: 28424479 PMCID: PMC5430485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt-β catenin is an important signaling pathway in the genesis of fibrosis in many organ systems. Our goal was to examine the role of Wnt pathway in the external anal sphincter (EAS) injury-related fibrosis and muscle dysfunction. New Zealand White female rabbits were subjected to surgical EAS myotomy and administered local injections of either a Wnt antagonist (sFRP-2; daily for 7 days) or saline. Anal canal pressure and EAS length-tension (L-T) were measured for 15 weeks after which the animals were sacrificed. Anal canal was harvested and processed for histochemical studies (Masson trichrome stain), molecular markers of fibrosis (collagen and transforming growth factor-β) and immunostaining for β catenin. Surgical myotomy of the EAS resulted in significant impairment in anal canal pressure and EAS muscle L-T function. Following myotomy, the EAS muscle was replaced with fibrous tissue. Immunostaining revealed β catenin activation and molecular studies revealed 1.5–2 fold increase in the levels of markers of fibrosis. Local injection of sFRP-2 attenuated the β catenin activation and fibrosis. EAS muscle content and function was significantly improved following sFRP-2 treatment. Our studies suggest that upregulation of Wnt signaling is an important molecular mechanism of injury related EAS muscle fibrosis and sphincter dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raj Rajasekaran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Sadhana Kanoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valmik Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ravinder K Mittal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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32
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Collins CM, Ellis JA, Holaska JM. MAPK signaling pathways and HDAC3 activity are disrupted during differentiation of emerin-null myogenic progenitor cells. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:385-397. [PMID: 28188262 PMCID: PMC5399572 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding emerin cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Emerin is an integral inner nuclear membrane protein and a component of the nuclear lamina. EDMD is characterized by skeletal muscle wasting, cardiac conduction defects and tendon contractures. The failure to regenerate skeletal muscle is predicted to contribute to the skeletal muscle pathology of EDMD. We hypothesize that muscle regeneration defects are caused by impaired muscle stem cell differentiation. Myogenic progenitors derived from emerin-null mice were used to confirm their impaired differentiation and analyze selected myogenic molecular pathways. Emerin-null progenitors were delayed in their cell cycle exit, had decreased myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression and formed fewer myotubes. Emerin binds to and activates histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). Here, we show that theophylline, an HDAC3-specific activator, improved myotube formation in emerin-null cells. Addition of the HDAC3-specific inhibitor RGFP966 blocked myotube formation and MyHC expression in wild-type and emerin-null myogenic progenitors, but did not affect cell cycle exit. Downregulation of emerin was previously shown to affect the p38 MAPK and ERK/MAPK pathways in C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Using a pure population of myogenic progenitors completely lacking emerin expression, we show that these pathways are also disrupted. ERK inhibition improved MyHC expression in emerin-null cells, but failed to rescue myotube formation or cell cycle exit. Inhibition of p38 MAPK prevented differentiation in both wild-type and emerin-null progenitors. These results show that each of these molecular pathways specifically regulates a particular stage of myogenic differentiation in an emerin-dependent manner. Thus, pharmacological targeting of multiple pathways acting at specific differentiation stages may be a better therapeutic approach in the future to rescue muscle regeneration in vivo. Editors' choice: HDAC3, p38 MAPK and ERK signaling are altered during differentiation of myogenic progenitors lacking emerin; pharmacological activation or inhibition of these signaling proteins rescues specific stages of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Collins
- University of the Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 600 S. 43rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Ellis
- University of the Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 600 S. 43rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James M Holaska
- University of the Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 600 S. 43rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Cirillo F, Resmini G, Ghiroldi A, Piccoli M, Bergante S, Tettamanti G, Anastasia L. Activation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1a promotes myogenesis through the noncanonical Wnt pathway, leading to hypertrophic myotubes. FASEB J 2017; 31:2146-2156. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600878r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Giulia Resmini
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Sonia Bergante
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Guido Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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Abstract
The nucleus is separated from the cytosol by the nuclear envelope, which is a double lipid bilayer composed of the outer nuclear membrane and the inner nuclear membrane. The intermediate filament proteins lamin A, lamin B, and lamin C form a network underlying the inner nuclear membrane. This proteinaceous network provides the nucleus with its strength, rigidity, and elasticity. Positioned within the inner nuclear membrane are more than 150 inner nuclear membrane proteins, many of which interact directly with lamins and require lamins for their inner nuclear membrane localization. Inner nuclear membrane proteins and the nuclear lamins define the nuclear lamina. These inner nuclear membrane proteins have tissue-specific expression and diverse functions including regulating cytoskeletal organization, nuclear architecture, cell cycle dynamics, and genomic organization. Loss or mutations in lamins and inner nuclear membrane proteins cause a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, I will review the functions of the well-studied nuclear lamina proteins and the diseases associated with loss or mutations in these proteins. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1655-1674, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Holaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Hulin JA, Nguyen TDT, Cui S, Marri S, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM, Makarenkova H, Meech R. Barx2 and Pax7 Regulate Axin2 Expression in Myoblasts by Interaction with β-Catenin and Chromatin Remodelling. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2169-82. [PMID: 27144473 PMCID: PMC5019118 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells are the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle; quiescent in adults until activated by injury to generate proliferating myoblasts. The canonical Wnt signalling pathway, mediated by T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) and β-catenin effector proteins, controls myoblast differentiation in vitro, and recent work suggests that timely termination of the Wnt/β-catenin signal is important for normal adult myogenesis. We recently identified the Barx2 and Pax7 homeobox proteins as novel components of the Wnt effector complex. Here, we examine molecular and epigenetic mechanisms by which Barx2 and Pax7 regulate the canonical Wnt target gene Axin2, which mediates critical feedback to terminate the transcriptional response to Wnt signals. Barx2 is recruited to the Axin2 gene via TCF/LEF binding sites, recruits β-catenin and the coactivator GRIP-1, and induces local H3K-acetylation. Barx2 also promotes nuclear localization of β-catenin. Conversely, Pax7 represses Axin2 promoter/intron activity and inhibits Barx2-mediated H3K-acetylation via the corepressor HDAC1. Wnt3a not only induces Barx2 mRNA, but also stabilises Barx2 protein in myoblasts; conversely, Wnt3a potently inhibits Pax7 protein expression. As Barx2 promotes myogenic differentiation and Pax7 suppresses it, this novel posttranscriptional regulation of Barx2 and Pax7 by Wnt3a may be involved in the specification of differentiation-competent and -incompetent myoblast populations. Finally, we propose a model for dual function of Barx2 downstream of Wnt signals: activation of myogenic target genes in association with canonical myogenic regulatory factors, and regulation of the negative feedback loop that limits the response of myoblasts to Wnt signals via direct interaction of Barx2 with the TCF/β-catenin complex. Stem Cells 2016;34:2169-2182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Ann Hulin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thi Diem Tran Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shuang Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shashikanth Marri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Helen Makarenkova
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Liu D, Mai K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ai Q. Tumour necrosis factor-α inhibits hepatic lipid deposition through GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 228:1-8. [PMID: 26747182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism that TNFα inhibits lipid deposition through GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling was investigated in the liver of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) by injection of TNFα or TNFα inhibitor pomalidomide (POM). It was found that TNFα inhibited the expression of GSK-3β and induced β-catenin expression. TNFα inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), as well as the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS). In addition, the level of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and glycerol was decreased by TNFα treatment in the liver. In the plasma, the level of TG, TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), NEFA, and glycerol was decreased, but high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased by TNFα treatment. However, compared to TNFα, POM had the opposite effect on the biochemical indexes and genes related to lipid deposition in the liver. The results indicated that TNFα may regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and fat distribution through GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling as well as transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα in juvenile turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Chen J, Li Q. Implication of retinoic acid receptor selective signaling in myogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18856. [PMID: 26830006 PMCID: PMC4735650 DOI: 10.1038/srep18856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling molecules are important for committing individual cells into tissue-specific lineages during early vertebrate development. Retinoic acid (RA) is an important vertebrate morphogen, in that its concentration gradient is essential for correct patterning of the vertebrate embryo. RA signaling is mediated through the activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which function as ligand-dependent transcription factors. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms of RAR-selective signaling in myogenic differentiation. We found that just like natural ligand RA, a RAR-selective ligand is an effective enhancer in the commitment of skeletal muscle lineage at the early stage of myogenic differentiation. Interestingly, the kinetics and molecular basis of the RAR-selective ligand in myogenic differentiation are similar to that of natural ligand RA. Also similar to natural ligand RA, the RAR-selective ligand enhances myogenic differentiation through β-catenin signaling pathway while inhibiting cardiac differentiation. Furthermore, while low concentrations of natural ligand RA or RAR-selective ligand regulate myogenic differentiation through RAR function and coactivator recruitment, high concentrations are critical to the expression of a model RA-responsive gene. Thus our data suggests that RAR-mediated gene regulation may be highly context-dependent, affected by locus-specific interaction or local chromatin environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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38
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Qadir AS, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Yi T, Song SU, Baek JH. MiR-124 inhibits myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via targeting Dlx5. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1572-81. [PMID: 24733577 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206, play a crucial role in muscle development by regulating muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of the present study was to define the effect of miR-124 on myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The expression level of miR-124 in skeletal muscles was much lower than those in primary cultured bone marrow-derived MSCs and the bone, fat and brain tissues obtained from C57BL/6 mice. Myogenic stimuli significantly decreased the expression levels of miR-124 in mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs and C2C12 cells. Forced expression of miR-124 suppressed the expression of myogenic marker genes such as Myf5, Myod1, myogenin and myosin heavy chain and multinucleated myotube formation. Blockade of endogenous miR-124 with a hairpin inhibitor enhanced myogenic marker gene expression and myotube formation. During myogenic differentiation of MSCs and C2C12 cells, the levels of Dlx5, a known target of miR-124, were inversely regulated with those of miR-124. Furthermore, overexpression of Dlx5 increased myogenic differentiation, whereas knockdown of Dlx5 using siRNA inhibited myogenesis in C2C12 cells. These results suggest that miR-124 is a negative regulator of myogenic differentiation of MSCs and that upregulation of Dlx5 accompanied with downregulation of miR-124 by myogenic stimuli is necessary for the proper progression of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul S Qadir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Ozawa M. E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain inhibits cell surface localization of endogenous cadherins and fusion of C2C12 myoblasts. Biol Open 2015; 4:1427-35. [PMID: 26453620 PMCID: PMC4728358 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is a highly regulated process that is essential for skeletal muscle formation during muscle development and regeneration in mammals. Much remains to be elucidated about the molecular mechanism of myoblast fusion although cadherins, which are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules, are thought to play a critical role in this process. Mouse myoblasts lacking either N-cadherin or M-cadherin can still fuse to form myotubes, indicating that they have no specific function in this process and may be functionally replaced by either M-cadherin or N-cadherin, respectively. In this study, we show that expressing the E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain ectopically in C2C12 myoblasts inhibits cell surface localization of endogenous M-cadherin and N-cadherin, as well as cell-cell fusion. This domain, however, does not inhibit myoblast differentiation according to microarray-based gene expression analysis. In contrast, expressing a dominant-negative β-catenin mutant ectopically, which suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling, did not inhibit cell-cell fusion. Therefore, the E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain inhibits cell-cell fusion by inhibiting cell surface localization of endogenous cadherins and not by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ozawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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BAMBI Promotes C2C12 Myogenic Differentiation by Enhancing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17734-45. [PMID: 26247931 PMCID: PMC4581218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is regarded as an essential regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation that represses transforming growth factor-β and enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling in various cell types. However, its role in skeletal muscle remains largely unknown. In the current study, we found that the expression level of BAMBI peaked in the early differentiation phase of the C2C12 rodent myoblast cell line. Knockdown of BAMBI via siRNA inhibited C2C12 differentiation, indicated by repressed MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC expression as well as reductions in the differentiation and fusion indices. BAMBI knockdown reduced the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as characterized by the decreased nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the lowered transcription of Axin2, which is a well-documented target gene of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, treatment with LiCl, an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, rescued the reduction in C2C12 differentiation caused by BAMBI siRNA. Taken together, our data suggest that BAMBI is required for normal C2C12 differentiation, and that its role in myogenesis is mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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McCoy CR, Stadelman BS, Brumaghim JL, Liu JT, Bain LJ. Arsenic and Its Methylated Metabolites Inhibit the Differentiation of Neural Plate Border Specifier Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1409-21. [PMID: 26024302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in food and drinking water has been correlated with adverse developmental outcomes, such as reductions in birth weight and neurological deficits. Additionally, studies have shown that arsenic suppresses sensory neuron formation and skeletal muscle myogenesis, although the reason why arsenic targets both of these cell types in unclear. Thus, P19 mouse embryonic stem cells were used to investigate the mechanisms by which arsenic could inhibit cellular differentiation. P19 cells were exposed to 0, 0.1, or 0.5 μM sodium arsenite and induced to form embryoid bodies over a period of 5 days. The expression of transcription factors necessary to form neural plate border specifier (NPBS) cells, neural crest cells and their progenitors, and myocytes and their progenitors were examined. Early during differentiation, arsenic significantly reduced the transcript and protein expression of Msx1 and Pax3, both needed for NPBS cell formation. Arsenic also significantly reduced the protein expression of Sox 10, needed for neural crest progenitor cell production, by 31-50%, and downregulated the protein and mRNA levels of NeuroD1, needed for neural crest cell differentiation, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. While the overall protein expression of transcription factors in the skeletal muscle lineage was not changed, arsenic did alter their nuclear localization. MyoD nuclear translocation was significantly reduced on days 2-5 between 15 and 70%. At a 10-fold lower concentration, monomethylarsonous acid (MMA III) appeared to be just as potent as inorganic arsenic at reducing the mRNA levels Pax3 (79% vs84%), Sox10 (49% vs 65%), and Msx1 (56% vs 56%). Dimethylarsinous acid (DMA III) also reduced protein and transcript expression, but the changes were less dramatic than those with MMA or arsenite. All three arsenic species reduced the nuclear localization of MyoD and NeuroD1 in a similar manner. The early changes in the differentiation of neural plate border specifier cells may provide a mechanism for arsenic to suppress both neurogenesis and myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R McCoy
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Bradley S Stadelman
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Julia L Brumaghim
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jui-Tung Liu
- §Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Lisa J Bain
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States.,§Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Wnt3a signal pathways activate MyoD expression by targeting cis-elements inside and outside its distal enhancer. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20140177. [PMID: 25651906 PMCID: PMC4370097 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins are secreted cytokines and several Wnts are expressed in the developing somites and surrounding tissues. Without proper Wnt stimulation, the organization of the dermomyotome and myotome can become defective. These Wnt signals received by somitic cells can lead to activation of Pax3/Pax7 and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), especially Myf5 and MyoD. However, it is currently unknown whether Wnts activate Myf5 and MyoD through direct targeting of their cis-regulatory elements or via indirect pathways. To clarify this issue, in the present study, we tested the regulation of MyoD cis-regulatory elements by Wnt3a secreted from human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293T cells. We found that Wnt3a activated the MyoD proximal 6.0k promoter (P6P) only marginally, but highly enhanced the activity of the composite P6P plus distal enhancer (DE) reporter through canonical and non-canonical pathways. Further screening of the intervening fragments between the DE and the P6P identified a strong Wnt-response element (WRE) in the upstream −8 to −9k region (L fragment) that acted independently of the DE, but was dependent on the P6P. Deletion of a Pax3/Pax7-targeted site in the L fragment significantly reduced its response to Wnt3a, implying that Wnt3a activates the L fragment partially through Pax3/Pax7 action. Binding of β-catenin and Pax7 to their target sites in the DE and the L fragment respectively was also demonstrated by ChIP. These observations demonstrated the first time that Wnt3a can directly activate MyoD expression through targeting cis-elements in the DE and the L fragment. We found that Wnt3a can directly activate MyoD expression through targeting cis-elements in the distal enhancer and in the upstream −8 to −9k region. A novel Pax3/Pax7-involved pathway and both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways are involved in this activation.
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Yang Y, Sun W, Wang R, Lei C, Zhou R, Tang Z, Li K. Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled-related protein 1, is involved in prenatal skeletal muscle development and is a target of miRNA-1/206 in pigs. BMC Mol Biol 2015; 16:4. [PMID: 25888412 PMCID: PMC4359577 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-015-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation during skeletal muscle development. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs), such as SFRP1, function as inhibitors of Wnt signaling. MicroRNA-1/206(miRNA-1/206) is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and play a critical role in myogenesis. The miRNA-mRNA profiles and bioinformatics study suggested that the SFRP1 gene was potentially regulated by miRNA-1/206 during porcine skeletal muscle development. Methods To understand the function of SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206 in swine myogenesis, we first predicted the targets of miRNA-1/206 with the TargetScan and PicTar programs, and analyzed the molecular characterization of the porcine SFRP1 gene. We performed a temporal-spatial expression analysis of SFRP1 mRNA and miRNA-206 in Tongcheng pigs (a Chinese indigenous breed) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and conducted the co-expression analyses of SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206. Subsequently, the interaction between SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206 was validated via dual luciferase and Western blot assays. Results The bioinformatics analysis predicted SFRP1 to be a target of miRNA-1/206. The expression level of the SFRP1 was highly varied across numerous pig tissues and it was down-regulated during porcine skeletal muscle development. The expression level of the SFRP1 was significantly higher in the embryonic skeletal compared with postnatal skeletal muscle, whereas miR-206 showed the inverse pattern of expression. A significant negative correlation was observed between the expression of miR-1/206 and SFRP1 during porcine skeletal muscle development (p <0.05). Dual luciferase assay and Western-blot results demonstrated that SFRP1 was a target of miR-1/206 in porcine iliac endothelial cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that the SFRP1 gene is regulated by miR-1/206 and potentially affects skeletal muscle development. These findings increase understanding of the biological functions and the regulation of the SFRP1 gene in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. .,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
| | - Zhonglin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. .,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China.
| | - Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. .,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China.
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Ma Z, Zhong Z, Zheng Z, Shi XM, Zhang W. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β attenuates glucocorticoid-induced suppression of myogenic differentiation in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105528. [PMID: 25127359 PMCID: PMC4134315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the only therapy that has been demonstrated to alter the progress of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common muscular dystrophy in children. However, glucocorticoids disturb skeletal muscle metabolism and hamper myogenesis and muscle regeneration. The mechanisms involved in the glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of myogenic differentiation are not fully understood. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is considered to play a central role as a negative regulator in myogenic differentiation. Here, we showed that glucocorticoid treatment during the first 48 h in differentiation medium decreased the level of phosphorylated Ser9-GSK-3β, an inactive form of GSK-3β, suggesting that glucocorticoids affect GSK-3β activity. We then investigated whether GSK-3β inhibition could regulate glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of myogenic differentiation in vitro. Two methods were employed to inhibit GSK-3β: pharmacological inhibition with LiCl and GSK-3β gene knockdown. We found that both methods resulted in enhanced myotube formation and increased levels of muscle regulatory factors and muscle-specific protein expression. Importantly, GSK-3β inhibition attenuated glucocorticoid-induced suppression of myogenic differentiation. Collectively, these data suggest the involvement of GSK-3β in the glucocorticoid-mediated impairment of myogenic differentiation. Therefore, the inhibition of GSK-3β may be a strategy for preventing glucocorticoid-induced muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhigang Zhong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenyang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-Ming Shi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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WNT3A promotes myogenesis of human embryonic stem cells and enhances in vivo engraftment. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5916. [PMID: 25084050 PMCID: PMC5379990 DOI: 10.1038/srep05916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells is an important criterion in using them as a cell source to ameliorate skeletal muscle impairments. However, differentiation of hESCs into skeletal muscle cells still remains a challenge, often requiring introduction of transgenes. Here, we describe the use of WNT3A protein to promote in vitro myogenic commitment of hESC-derived cells and their subsequent in vivo function. Our findings show that the presence of WNT3A in culture medium significantly promotes myogenic commitment of hESC-derived progenitors expressing a mesodermal marker, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA), as evident from the expression of myogenic markers, including DES, MYOG, MYH1, and MF20. In vivo transplantation of these committed cells into cardiotoxin-injured skeletal muscles of NOD/SCID mice reveals survival and engraftment of the donor cells. The cells contributed to the regeneration of damaged muscle fibers and the satellite cell compartment. In lieu of the limited cell source for treating skeletal muscle defects, the hESC-derived PDGFRA(+) cells exhibit significant in vitro expansion while maintaining their myogenic potential. The results described in this study provide a proof-of-principle that myogenic progenitor cells with in vivo engraftment potential can be derived from hESCs without genetic manipulation.
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Li Q, Le May M, Lacroix N, Chen J. Induction of Pax3 gene expression impedes cardiac differentiation. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2498. [PMID: 23970178 PMCID: PMC3750538 DOI: 10.1038/srep02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies using pluripotent stem cells hold great promise as regenerative approaches to treat many types of diseases. Nevertheless many challenges remain and, perhaps foremost, is the issue of how to direct and enhance the specification and differentiation of a desired cell type for potential therapeutics. We have examined the molecular basis for the inverse correlation of cardiac and skeletal myogenesis in small molecule-enhanced stem cell differentiation. Our study shows that activation of premyogenic factor Pax3 coincides with inhibiting gene expression of early cardiac factor GATA4. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of small molecules on cardiac differentiation depends on the function of Pax3, but not the mesoderm factor Meox1. Thus Pax3 is an inhibitor of cardiac differentiation in lineage specification. Our studies reveal the dual roles of Pax3 in stem cell fate determinations and provide new molecular insights into small molecule-enhanced lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Fujimaki S, Hidaka R, Asashima M, Takemasa T, Kuwabara T. Wnt protein-mediated satellite cell conversion in adult and aged mice following voluntary wheel running. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7399-412. [PMID: 24482229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.539247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle represents an abundant, accessible, and replenishable source of adult stem cells. Skeletal muscle-derived stem cells, called satellite cells, play essential roles in regeneration after muscle injury in adult skeletal muscle. Although the molecular mechanism of muscle regeneration process after an injury has been extensively investigated, the regulation of satellite cells under steady state during the adult stage, including the reaction to exercise stimuli, is relatively unknown. Here, we show that voluntary wheel running exercise, which is a low stress exercise, converts satellite cells to the activated state due to accelerated Wnt signaling. Our analysis showed that up-regulated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling directly modulated chromatin structures of both MyoD and Myf5 genes, resulting in increases in the mRNA expression of Myf5 and MyoD and the number of proliferative Pax7(+)Myf5(+) and Pax7(+) MyoD(+) cells in skeletal muscle. The effect of Wnt signaling on the activation of satellite cells, rather than Wnt-mediated fibrosis, was observed in both adult and aged mice. The association of β-catenin, T-cell factor, and lymphoid enhancer transcription factors of multiple T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor regulatory elements, conserved in mouse, rat, and human species, with the promoters of both the Myf5 and MyoD genes drives the de novo myogenesis in satellite cells even in aged muscle. These results indicate that exercise-stimulated extracellular Wnts play a critical role in the regulation of satellite cells in adult and aged skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- From the Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0046 and
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Amin H, Vachris J, Hamilton A, Steuerwald N, Howden R, Arthur ST. GSK3β inhibition and LEF1 upregulation in skeletal muscle following a bout of downhill running. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:1-11. [PMID: 23963660 PMCID: PMC10717853 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is important in skeletal muscle repair but has not been well characterized in response to physiological stimuli. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of downhill running (DHR) on components of Wnt signaling. Young, male C57BL/J6 mice were exposed to DHR. Muscle injury and repair (MCadherin) were measured in soleus. Gene and protein expression of Wnt3a, active β-catenin, GSK3β, and LEF1 were measured in gastrocnemius. Muscle injury increased 6 days post-DHR and MCadherin protein increased 5 days post-DHR. Total and active GSK3β protein decreased 3 days (9-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively) post-DHR. LEF1 protein increased 6 days (5-fold) post-DHR. DHR decreased GSK3β and increased LEF1 protein expression, but did not affect other components of Wnt signaling. Due to their applicability, using models of physiological stimuli such as DHR will provide significant insight into cellular mechanisms within muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Amin
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cannon Research Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Judy Vachris
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cannon Research Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Alicia Hamilton
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cannon Research Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Nury Steuerwald
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cannon Research Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Reuben Howden
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Susan Tsivitse Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
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Koch AJ, Holaska JM. Emerin in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:95-106. [PMID: 24365856 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in the genes encoding emerin, lamins A and C and FHL1. Additional EDMD-like syndromes are caused by mutations in nesprins and LUMA. This review will specifically focus on emerin function and the current thinking for how loss or mutations in emerin cause EDMD. Emerin is a well-conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein of the inner nuclear membrane. Emerin has been shown to have diverse functions, including the regulation of gene expression, cell signaling, nuclear structure and chromatin architecture. This review will focus on the relationships between these functions and the EDMD disease phenotype. Additionally it will highlight open questions concerning emerin's roles in cell and nuclear biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Koch
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - James M Holaska
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Developmental, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Characterization of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in rhabdomyosarcoma. J Transl Med 2013; 93:1090-9. [PMID: 23999248 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and accounts for about 5% of all malignant paediatric tumours. β-Catenin, a multifunctional nuclear transcription factor in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, is active in myogenesis and embryonal somite patterning. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling facilitates tumour invasion and metastasis. This study characterizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling and functional activity in paediatric embryonal and alveolar RMS. Immunohistochemical assessment of paraffin-embedded tissues from 44 RMS showed β-catenin expression in 26 cases with cytoplasmic/membranous expression in 9/14 cases of alveolar RMS, and 15/30 cases of embryonal RMS, whereas nuclear expression was only seen in 2 cases of embryonal RMS. The potential functional significance of β-catenin expression was tested in four RMS cell lines, two derived from embryonal (RD and RD18) RMS and two from alveolar (Rh4 and Rh30) RMS. Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of Wnt-associated proteins including β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, disheveled, axin-1, naked, LRP-6 and cadherins in all cell lines. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence studies of the cell lines (after stimulation by human recombinant Wnt3a) showed reduced phosphorylation of β-catenin, stabilization of the active cytosolic form and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Reporter gene assay demonstrated a T-cell factor/lymphoid-enhancing factor-mediated transactivation in these cells. In response to human recombinant Wnt3a, the alveolar RMS cells showed a significant decrease in proliferation rate and induction of myogenic differentiation (myogenin, MyoD1 and myf5). These data indicate that the central regulatory components of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling are expressed and that this pathway is functionally active in a significant subset of RMS tumours and might represent a novel therapeutic target.
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