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Xiao M, Dhungel S, Azad R, Favaro DC, Rajesh RP, Gardner KH, Kikani CK. Signal-regulated Unmasking of Nuclear Localization Motif in the PAS Domain Regulates the Nuclear Translocation of PASK. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168433. [PMID: 38182104 PMCID: PMC10922792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The ligand-regulated PAS domains are one of the most diverse signal-integrating domains found in proteins from prokaryotes to humans. By biochemically connecting cellular processes with their environment, PAS domains facilitate an appropriate cellular response. PAS domain-containing Kinase (PASK) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays important signaling roles in mammalian stem cells to establish stem cell fate. We have shown that the nuclear translocation of PASK is stimulated by differentiation signaling cues in muscle stem cells. However, the mechanistic basis of the regulation of PASK nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation remains unknown. Here, we show that the PAS-A domain of PASK contains a putative monopartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) motif. This NLS is inhibited in cells through intramolecular association with a short linear motif, termed the PAS Interacting Motif (PIM), found upstream of the kinase domain. This interaction serves to retain PASK in the cytosol in the absence of signaling cues. Consistent with that, we show that metabolic inputs induce PASK nuclear import, likely by disrupting this association. We suggest that a route for such linkage may occur through the PAS-A ligand binding cavity. We show that PIM recruitment and artificial ligand binding to the PAS-A domain occur at neighboring locations that could facilitate metabolic control of the PAS-PIM interaction. Thus, the intramolecular interaction in PASK integrates metabolic signaling cues for nuclear translocation and could be targeted to control the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Xiao
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Sajina Dhungel
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Roksana Azad
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Denize C Favaro
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Kevin H Gardner
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, NY 10031, USA; Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Chintan K Kikani
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA.
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Xiao M, Dhungel S, Azad R, Favaro DC, Rajesh RP, Gardner KH, Kikani CK. Signal-regulated unmasking of the nuclear localization motif in the PAS domain regulates the nuclear translocation of PASK. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.06.556462. [PMID: 37732199 PMCID: PMC10508781 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.06.556462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-regulated PAS domains are one of the most diverse signal-integrating domains found in proteins from prokaryotes to humans. By biochemically connecting cellular processes with their environment, PAS domains facilitate an appropriate cellular response. PAS domain-containing Kinase (PASK) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays important signaling roles in mammalian stem cells to establish stem cell fate. We have shown that the nuclear translocation of PASK is stimulated by differentiation signaling cues in muscle stem cells. However, the mechanistic basis of the regulation of PASK nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation remains unknown. Here, we show that the PAS-A domain of PASK contains a putative monopartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) motif. This NLS is inhibited in cells via intramolecular association with a short linear motif, termed the PAS Interacting Motif (PIM), found upstream of the kinase domain. The interaction between the PAS-A domain and PIM is evolutionarily conserved and serves to retain PASK in the cytosol in the absence of signaling cues. Consistent with that, we show that metabolic inputs induce PASK nuclear import, likely by disrupting the PAS-A: PIM association. We suggest that a route for such linkage may occur through the PAS-A ligand binding cavity. We show that PIM recruitment and artificial ligand binding to the PAS-A domain occur at neighboring locations that could facilitate metabolic control of the PAS-PIM interaction. Thus, the PAS-A domain of PASK integrates metabolic signaling cues for nuclear translocation and could be targeted to control the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Xiao
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Sajina Dhungel
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Roksana Azad
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Denize C. Favaro
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Kevin H. Gardner
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, NY 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chintan K. Kikani
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
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3
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Kikani CK. Metabolic "Sense Relay" in Stem Cells: A Short But Impactful Life of PAS Kinase Balancing Stem Cell Fates. Cells 2023; 12:1751. [PMID: 37443785 PMCID: PMC10340297 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a complex molecular and biochemical symphony. Signaling pathways establish the rhythmic proliferation and differentiation cadence of participating cells to repair the damaged tissues and repopulate the tissue-resident stem cells. Sensory proteins form a critical bridge between the environment and cellular response machinery, enabling precise spatiotemporal control of stem cell fate. Of many sensory modules found in proteins from prokaryotes to mammals, Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domains are one of the most ancient and found in the most diverse physiological context. In metazoa, PAS domains are found in many transcription factors and ion channels; however, PAS domain-containing Kinase (PASK) is the only metazoan kinase where the PAS sensory domain is connected to a signaling kinase domain. PASK is predominantly expressed in undifferentiated, self-renewing embryonic and adult stem cells, and its expression is rapidly lost upon differentiation, resulting in its nearly complete absence from the adult mammalian tissues. Thus, PASK is expressed within a narrow but critical temporal window when stem cell fate is established. In this review, we discuss the emerging insight into the sensory and signaling functions of PASK as an integrator of metabolic and nutrient signaling information that serves to balance self-renewal and differentiation programs during mammalian tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan K Kikani
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Thomas Hunt Morgan Building, 675 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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4
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Hurtado-Carneiro V, Dongil P, Pérez-García A, Álvarez E, Sanz C. Preventing Oxidative Stress in the Liver: An Opportunity for GLP-1 and/or PASK. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122028. [PMID: 34943132 PMCID: PMC8698360 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver’s high metabolic activity and detoxification functions generate reactive oxygen species, mainly through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of hepatocytes. In contrast, it also has a potent antioxidant mechanism for counterbalancing the oxidant’s effect and relieving oxidative stress. PAS kinase (PASK) is a serine/threonine kinase containing an N-terminal Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain, able to detect redox state. During fasting/feeding changes, PASK regulates the expression and activation of critical liver proteins involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, the functional inactivation of PASK prevents the development of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and diabetes. In addition, PASK deficiency alters the activity of other nutrient sensors, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition to the expression and subcellular localization of nicotinamide-dependent histone deacetylases (SIRTs). This review focuses on the relationship between oxidative stress, PASK, and other nutrient sensors, updating the limited knowledge on the role of PASK in the antioxidant response. We also comment on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its collaboration with PASK in preventing the damage associated with hepatic oxidative stress. The current knowledge would suggest that PASK inhibition and/or exendin-4 treatment, especially under fasting conditions, could ameliorate disorders associated with excess oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Hurtado-Carneiro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (A.P.-G.); (E.Á.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pilar Dongil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (A.P.-G.); (E.Á.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Pérez-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (A.P.-G.); (E.Á.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elvira Álvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (A.P.-G.); (E.Á.)
| | - Carmen Sanz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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PAS kinase deficiency reduces aging effects in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2275-2301. [PMID: 31974316 PMCID: PMC7041766 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways may be affected during aging. All are regulated by nutrient levels leading to a decline in mitochondrial function and autophagy and to an increase in oxidative stress. PAS Domain Kinase (PASK) is a nutrient and bioenergetic sensor. We have previously found that PASK plays a role in the control of hepatic metabolic balance and mitochondrial homeostasis. To investigate PASK’s role in hepatic oxidative stress during aging, we analyzed the mitochondrial function, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and lipid-related parameters in aged PASK-deficient mice. Hepatic Pask mRNA decreased in step with aging, being undetectable in aged wild-type (WT) mice. Aged PASK-deficient mice recorded lower levels of ROS/RNS compared to aged WT. The regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC1a, SIRT1 and NRF2, decreased in aged WT, while aged PASK-deficient mice recorded a higher expression of NRF2, GCLm and HO1 proteins and CS activity under fasted conditions. Additionally, aged PASK-deficient mice recorded an overexpression of the longevity gene FoxO3a, and maintained elevated PCNA protein, suggesting that hepatic cell repair mechanisms might be functional. PASK-deficient mice have better insulin sensitivity and no glucose intolerance, as confirmed by a normal HOMA-IR index. PASK may be a good target for reducing damage during aging.
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Kikani CK, Wu X, Fogarty S, Kang SAW, Dephoure N, Gygi SP, Sabatini DM, Rutter J. Activation of PASK by mTORC1 is required for the onset of the terminal differentiation program. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10382-10391. [PMID: 31072927 PMCID: PMC6534978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804013116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During skeletal muscle regeneration, muscle stem cells (MuSCs) respond to multiple signaling inputs that converge onto mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathways. mTOR function is essential for establishment of the differentiation-committed progenitors (early stage of differentiation, marked by the induction of myogenin expression), myotube fusion, and, ultimately, hypertrophy (later stage of differentiation). While a major mTORC1 substrate, p70S6K, is required for myotube fusion and hypertrophy, an mTORC1 effector for the induction of myogenin expression remains unclear. Here, we identified Per-Arnt-Sim domain kinase (PASK) as a downstream phosphorylation target of mTORC1 in MuSCs during differentiation. We have recently shown that the PASK phosphorylates Wdr5 to stimulate MuSC differentiation by epigenetically activating the myogenin promoter. We show that phosphorylation of PASK by mTORC1 is required for the activation of myogenin transcription, exit from self-renewal, and induction of the myogenesis program. Our studies reveal that mTORC1-PASK signaling is required for the rise of myogenin-positive committed myoblasts (early stage of myogenesis), whereas mTORC1-S6K signaling is required for myoblast fusion (later stage of myogenesis). Thus, our discoveries allow molecular dissection of mTOR functions during different stages of the myogenesis program driven by two different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan K Kikani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132;
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Sarah Fogarty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Seong Anthony Woo Kang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
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7
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Bhattacharya A, Paul A, Chakrabarti D, DasGupta M. Gatekeeper-Activation Loop Cross-Talk Determines Distinct Autoactivation States of Symbiosis Receptor Kinase. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2419-2431. [PMID: 31021099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) have a Tyr in the "gatekeeper" position adjacent to the hinge region. The gatekeeper is phosphorylated in several RLKs, including symbiosis receptor kinase (SYMRK), but the significance of this remains unknown. Gatekeeper substitution did not inactivate Arachis hypogaea SYMRK but affected autophosphorylation at selected sites. Herein, we show that nonphosphorylatable gatekeepers (Y670F and Y670A) restrict SYMRK to be a Ser/Thr kinase with a basal level of phosphorylation (∼5 P/polypeptide, termed state I) whereas phosphorylatable gatekeepers (Y670 and Y670T) allowed SYMRK to be dual specific (Ser/Thr/Tyr) with a maximal level of phosphorylation (∼10 P/polypeptide, termed state II). State II SYMRKs were phosphorylated on gatekeeper residues, and the phosphocode in their activation segment was distinct from state I. The kcat/ Km for substrate phosphorylation was ∼10-fold higher for state II, though for autophosphorylation, it was comparable with those of state I SYMRKs. To identify other determinants of state I features, we mutagenized all nine sites where phosphorylation was affected by nonphosphorylatable gatekeepers (Y670F and Y670A). Only two such mutants, S754A and S757A, located on the activation loop failed to phosphorylate gatekeeper Tyr and restricted SYMRK in state I. Double mutants like Y670F/S754A retained the features of state I, but Y670F/S757A was significantly inactivated, indicating a nonphosphorylatable gatekeeper can bypass phosphorylation of S754 but not S757 in the activation segment. We propose a working model for the hierarchical phosphorylation of SYMRK on gatekeeper and activation segments for its pS757-mediated activation as a Ser/Thr kinase in selfie mode (autophosphorylation) to a pS754/pY670-mediated activation as a Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase that functions in dual mode (both autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700019 , India
| | - Anindita Paul
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700019 , India
| | | | - Maitrayee DasGupta
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700019 , India
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8
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Pas Kinase Deficiency Triggers Antioxidant Mechanisms in the Liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13810. [PMID: 30217996 PMCID: PMC6138710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction in the liver is the cause of numerous pathologies, which are associated with an altered redox state. PASK (PAS Domain Kinase) is a nutrient and bioenergetic sensor. We contend that PASK could act as an oxidative stress sensor in liver and/or control the metabolic balance, playing a role in the mitochondrial homeostasis. Using PASK-deficient mice, we observed that PASK deficiency promotes antioxidant response mechanisms: a lower production of ROS/RNS under non-fasting conditions, overexpression of genes coding to ROS-detoxifying enzymes and mitochondrial fusion proteins (MnSod Gpx, Mfn1 and Opa1), coactivator Ppargc1a, transcription factors (Pparg and FoxO3a) and deacetylase Sirt1. Also, under fasting conditions, PASK deficiency induced the overexpression of Ppargc1a, Ppara, Pparg, FoxO3a and Nrf2 leading to the overexpression of genes coding to antioxidant enzymes such as MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, GPx, HO1 and GCLm. Additionally, inducing PINK1 involved in cell survival and mitophagy. These changes kept ROS steady levels and improved the regenerative state. We suggest a new role for PASK as a controller of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics in the liver. In fact, antioxidant response is PASK dependent. PASK-targeting could therefore be a good way of reducing the oxidative stress in order to prevent or treat liver diseases.
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A complete structural characterization of the desferrioxamine E biosynthetic pathway from the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora. J Struct Biol 2018; 202:236-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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McAvoy CZ, Siegel A, Piszkiewicz S, Miaou E, Yu M, Nguyen T, Moradian A, Sweredoski MJ, Hess S, Shan SO. Two distinct sites of client protein interaction with the chaperone cpSRP43. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8861-8873. [PMID: 29669809 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins are prone to aggregation and misfolding in aqueous environments and therefore require binding by molecular chaperones during their biogenesis. Chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 (cpSRP43) is an ATP-independent chaperone required for the biogenesis of the most abundant class of membrane proteins, the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHCPs). Previous work has shown that cpSRP43 specifically recognizes an L18 loop sequence conserved among LHCP paralogs. However, how cpSRP43 protects the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of LHCP from aggregation was unclear. In this work, alkylation-protection and site-specific cross-linking experiments found that cpSRP43 makes extensive contacts with all the TMDs in LHCP. Site-directed mutagenesis identified a class of cpSRP43 mutants that bind tightly to the L18 sequence but are defective in chaperoning full-length LHCP. These mutations mapped to hydrophobic surfaces on or near the bridging helix and the β-hairpins lining the ankyrin repeat motifs of cpSRP43, suggesting that these regions are potential sites for interaction with the client TMDs. Our results suggest a working model for client protein interactions in this membrane protein chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Siegel
- From the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | | | - Emily Miaou
- From the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Mansen Yu
- From the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Thang Nguyen
- From the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Annie Moradian
- The Proteome Exploration Laboratory, and.,the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Michael J Sweredoski
- The Proteome Exploration Laboratory, and.,the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Sonja Hess
- The Proteome Exploration Laboratory, and.,the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Shu-Ou Shan
- From the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
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Kikani CK, Wu X, Paul L, Sabic H, Shen Z, Shakya A, Keefe A, Villanueva C, Kardon G, Graves B, Tantin D, Rutter J. Pask integrates hormonal signaling with histone modification via Wdr5 phosphorylation to drive myogenesis. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27661449 PMCID: PMC5035144 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PAS domain containing protein kinase (Pask) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase implicated in energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation across eukaryotic species. We now describe an unexpected role of Pask in promoting the differentiation of myogenic progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells and adipogenic progenitor cells. This function of Pask is dependent upon its ability to phosphorylate Wdr5, a member of several protein complexes including those that catalyze histone H3 Lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) during transcriptional activation. Our findings suggest that, during myoblast differentiation, Pask stimulates the conversion of repressive H3K4me1 to activating H3K4me3 marks on the promoter of the differentiation gene myogenin (Myog) via Wdr5 phosphorylation. This enhances accessibility of the MyoD transcription factor and enables transcriptional activation of the Myog promoter to initiate muscle differentiation. Thus, as an upstream kinase of Wdr5, Pask integrates signaling cues with the transcriptional network to regulate the differentiation of progenitor cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17985.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan K Kikani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Litty Paul
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Hana Sabic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Zuolian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Arvind Shakya
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Alexandra Keefe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Claudio Villanueva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Barbara Graves
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
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12
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Semplici F, Mondragon A, Macintyre B, Madeyski-Bengston K, Persson-Kry A, Barr S, Ramne A, Marley A, McGinty J, French P, Soedling H, Yokosuka R, Gaitan J, Lang J, Migrenne-Li S, Philippe E, Herrera PL, Magnan C, da Silva Xavier G, Rutter GA. Cell type-specific deletion in mice reveals roles for PAS kinase in insulin and glucagon production. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1938-47. [PMID: 27338626 PMCID: PMC4969360 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Per-Arnt-Sim kinase (PASK) is a nutrient-regulated domain-containing protein kinase previously implicated in the control of insulin gene expression and glucagon secretion. Here, we explore the roles of PASK in the control of islet hormone release, by generating mice with selective deletion of the Pask gene in pancreatic beta or alpha cells. METHODS Floxed alleles of Pask were produced by homologous recombination and animals bred with mice bearing beta (Ins1 (Cre); PaskBKO) or alpha (Ppg (Cre) [also known as Gcg]; PaskAKO) cell-selective Cre recombinase alleles. Glucose homeostasis and hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro, gene expression and islet cell mass were measured using standard techniques. RESULTS Ins1 (Cre)-based recombination led to efficient beta cell-targeted deletion of Pask. Beta cell mass was reduced by 36.5% (p < 0.05) compared with controls in PaskBKO mice, as well as in global Pask-null mice (38%, p < 0.05). PaskBKO mice displayed normal body weight and fasting glycaemia, but slightly impaired glucose tolerance, and beta cell proliferation, after maintenance on a high-fat diet. Whilst glucose tolerance was unaffected in PaskAKO mice, glucose infusion rates were increased, and glucagon secretion tended to be lower, during hypoglycaemic clamps. Although alpha cell mass was increased (21.9%, p < 0.05), glucagon release at low glucose was impaired (p < 0.05) in PaskAKO islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The findings demonstrate cell-autonomous roles for PASK in the control of pancreatic endocrine hormone secretion. Differences between the glycaemic phenotype of global vs cell type-specific null mice suggest important roles for tissue interactions in the control of glycaemia by PASK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Semplici
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Angeles Mondragon
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Benedict Macintyre
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katja Madeyski-Bengston
- AstraZeneca R&D, DECS, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D, HC3020, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anette Persson-Kry
- AstraZeneca R&D, DECS, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D, HC3020, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sara Barr
- AstraZeneca R&D, DECS, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D, HC3020, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Ramne
- AstraZeneca R&D, DECS, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D, HC3020, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - James McGinty
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Soedling
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ryohsuke Yokosuka
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julien Gaitan
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Jochen Lang
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Stephanie Migrenne-Li
- Paris Diderot University, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Paris Diderot University, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Paris Diderot University, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Gabriela da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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13
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Zhang DD, Zhang JG, Wang YZ, Liu Y, Liu GL, Li XY. Per-Arnt-Sim Kinase (PASK): An Emerging Regulator of Mammalian Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2015; 7:7437-50. [PMID: 26371032 PMCID: PMC4586542 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Per-Arnt-Sim Kinase (PASK) is an evolutionarily-conserved nutrient-responsive protein kinase that regulates lipid and glucose metabolism, mitochondrial respiration, phosphorylation, and gene expression. Recent data suggests that mammalian PAS kinase is involved in glucose metabolism and acts on pancreatic islet α/β cells and glycogen synthase (GS), affecting insulin secretion and blood glucose levels. In addition, PASK knockout mice (PASK-/-) are protected from obesity, liver triglyceride accumulation, and insulin resistance when fed a high-fat diet, implying that PASK may be a new target for metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment as well as the cellular nutrients and energy sensors—adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the targets of rapamycin (m-TOR). In this review, we will briefly summarize the regulation of PASK on mammalian glucose and lipid metabolism and its possible mechanism, and further explore the potential targets for MetS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Ji-gang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yu-zhu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Gao-lin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-yu Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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14
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Abstract
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Although ADP release is the rate
limiting step in product turnover
by protein kinase A, the steps and motions involved in this process
are not well resolved. Here we report the apo and ADP bound structures
of the myristylated catalytic subunit of PKA at 2.9 and 3.5 Å
resolution, respectively. The ADP bound structure adopts a conformation
that does not conform to the previously characterized open, closed,
or intermediate states. In the ADP bound structure, the C-terminal
tail and Gly-rich loop are more closed than in the open state adopted
in the apo structure but are also much more open than the intermediate
or closed conformations. Furthermore, ADP binds at the active site
with only one magnesium ion, termed Mg2 from previous structures.
These structures thus support a model where ADP release proceeds through
release of the substrate and Mg1 followed by lifting of the Gly-rich
loop and disengagement of the C-terminal tail. Coupling of these two
structural elements with the release of the first metal ion fills
in a key step in the catalytic cycle that has been missing and supports
an ensemble of correlated conformational states that mediate the full
catalytic cycle for a protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Bastidas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego , San Diego, California 92093, United States
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15
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Wu X, Romero D, Swiatek WI, Dorweiler I, Kikani CK, Sabic H, Zweifel BS, McKearn J, Blitzer JT, Nickols GA, Rutter J. PAS kinase drives lipogenesis through SREBP-1 maturation. Cell Rep 2014; 8:242-55. [PMID: 25001282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated hepatic synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides, driven by hyperactivation of the SREBP-1c transcription factor, has been implicated as a causal feature of metabolic syndrome. SREBP-1c activation requires the proteolytic maturation of the endoplasmic-reticulum-bound precursor to the active, nuclear transcription factor, which is stimulated by feeding and insulin signaling. Here, we show that feeding and insulin stimulate the hepatic expression of PASK. We also demonstrate, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, that PASK is required for the proteolytic maturation of SREBP-1c in cultured cells and in the mouse and rat liver. Inhibition of PASK improves lipid and glucose metabolism in dietary animal models of obesity and dyslipidemia. Administration of a PASK inhibitor decreases hepatic expression of lipogenic SREBP-1c target genes, decreases serum triglycerides, and partially reverses insulin resistance. While the signaling network that controls SREBP-1c activation is complex, we propose that PASK is an important component with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Donna Romero
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wojciech I Swiatek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Irene Dorweiler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Chintan K Kikani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Hana Sabic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Ben S Zweifel
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John McKearn
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeremy T Blitzer
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - G Allen Nickols
- Synergenics, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA.
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16
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Functional divergence and evolutionary turnover in mammalian phosphoproteomes. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004062. [PMID: 24465218 PMCID: PMC3900387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism to regulate protein functions. However, the contribution of this protein modification to species divergence is still largely unknown. Here, we studied the evolution of mammalian phosphoregulation by comparing the human and mouse phosphoproteomes. We found that 84% of the positions that are phosphorylated in one species or the other are conserved at the residue level. Twenty percent of these conserved sites are phosphorylated in both species. This proportion is 2.5 times more than expected by chance alone, suggesting that purifying selection is preserving phosphoregulation. However, we show that the majority of the sites that are conserved at the residue level are differentially phosphorylated between species. These sites likely result from false-negative identifications due to incomplete experimental coverage, false-positive identifications and non-functional sites. In addition, our results suggest that at least 5% of them are likely to be true differentially phosphorylated sites and may thus contribute to the divergence in phosphorylation networks between mouse and humans and this, despite residue conservation between orthologous proteins. We also showed that evolutionary turnover of phosphosites at adjacent positions (in a distance range of up to 40 amino acids) in human or mouse leads to an over estimation of the divergence in phosphoregulation between these two species. These sites tend to be phosphorylated by the same kinases, supporting the hypothesis that they are functionally redundant. Our results support the hypothesis that the evolutionary turnover of phosphorylation sites contributes to the divergence in phosphorylation profiles while preserving phosphoregulation. Overall, our study provides advanced analyses of mammalian phosphoproteomes and a framework for the study of their contribution to phenotypic evolution. Understanding how differences in cellular regulation lead to phenotypic differences between species remains an open challenge in evolutionary genetics. The extensive phosphorylation data currently available allows to compare the human and mouse phosphoproteomes and to measure changes in their phosphoregulation. We found a general conservation of phosphorylation sites between these two species. However, a fraction of sites are conserved at the sequence level (the same amino acid is present in both species) but differ in their phosphorylation status. These sites represent candidate sites that have the potential to explain differences between human and mouse signalling networks that do not depend on the divergence of orthologous residues. Furthermore, we identified several sites where to a phosphorylation site in one species corresponds a non-phosphorylatable residue in the other one. These cases represent clear differences in protein regulation. Recent studies suggest that phosphorylation sites can shift position during evolution, leading to configurations in which pairs of divergent phosphorylation sites are functionally redundant. We identified more than 100 putative such cases, suggesting that divergence in amino acid does not necessarily imply functional divergence when comparing phosphoproteomes. Overall, our study provides new key concepts and data for the study of how regulatory differences may be linked to phenotypic ones at the network level.
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17
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DeMille D, Grose JH. PAS kinase: a nutrient sensing regulator of glucose homeostasis. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:921-9. [PMID: 24265199 PMCID: PMC4081539 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) kinase (PASK, PASKIN, and PSK) is a member of the group of nutrient sensing protein kinases. These protein kinases sense the energy or nutrient status of the cell and regulate cellular metabolism appropriately. PAS kinase responds to glucose availability and regulates glucose homeostasis in yeast, mice, and man. Despite this pivotal role, the molecular mechanisms of PAS kinase regulation and function are largely unknown. This review focuses on what is known about PAS kinase, including its conservation from yeast to man, identified substrates, associated phenotypes and role in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree DeMille
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Julianne H. Grose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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18
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Semache M, Zarrouki B, Fontés G, Fogarty S, Kikani C, Chawki MB, Rutter J, Poitout V. Per-Arnt-Sim kinase regulates pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 protein stability via phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β in pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24825-33. [PMID: 23853095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.495945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic β-cells, glucose induces the binding of the transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) to the insulin gene promoter to activate insulin gene transcription. At low glucose levels, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is known to phosphorylate PDX-1 on C-terminal serine residues, which triggers PDX-1 proteasomal degradation. We previously showed that the serine/threonine Per-Arnt-Sim domain-containing kinase (PASK) regulates insulin gene transcription via PDX-1. However, the mechanisms underlying this regulation are unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of PASK in the regulation of PDX-1 phosphorylation, protein expression, and stability in insulin-secreting cells and isolated rodent islets of Langerhans. We observed that glucose induces a decrease in overall PDX-1 serine phosphorylation and that overexpression of WT PASK mimics this effect. In vitro, PASK directly phosphorylates GSK3β on its inactivating phosphorylation site Ser(9). Overexpression of a kinase-dead (KD), dominant negative version of PASK blocks glucose-induced Ser(9) phosphorylation of GSK3β. Accordingly, GSK3β Ser(9) phosphorylation is reduced in islets from pask-null mice. Overexpression of WT PASK or KD GSK3β protects PDX-1 from degradation and results in increased PDX-1 protein abundance. Conversely, overexpression of KD PASK blocks glucose-induction of PDX-1 protein. We conclude that PASK phosphorylates and inactivates GSK3β, thereby preventing PDX-1 serine phosphorylation and alleviating GSK3β-mediated PDX-1 protein degradation in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Semache
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Quebec City H1W4A4, Canada
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19
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Cardon CM, Beck T, Hall MN, Rutter J. PAS kinase promotes cell survival and growth through activation of Rho1. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra9. [PMID: 22296835 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphorylation of Ugp1 by either of the yeast PASK family protein kinases (yPASK), Psk1 or Psk2, directs this metabolic enzyme to deliver glucose to the periphery for synthesis of the cell wall. However, we isolated PSK1 and PSK2 in a high-copy suppressor screen of a temperature-sensitive mutant of target of rapamycin 2 (TOR2). Posttranslational activation of yPASK, either by cell integrity stress or by growth on nonfermentative carbon sources, also suppressed the growth defect resulting from tor2 mutation. Although suppression of the tor2 mutant growth phenotype by activation of the kinase activity of yPASK required phosphorylation of the metabolic enzyme Ugp1 on serine 11, this resulted in the formation of a complex that induced Rho1 activation, rather than required the glucose partitioning function of Ugp1. In addition to phosphorylated Ugp1, this complex contained Rom2, a Rho1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and Ssd1, an mRNA-binding protein. Activation of yPASK-dependent Ugp1 phosphorylation, therefore, enables two processes that are required for cell growth and stress resistance: synthesis of the cell wall through partitioning glucose to the periphery and the formation of the signaling complex with Rom2 and Ssd1 to promote Rho1-dependent polarized cell growth. This complex may integrate metabolic and signaling responses required for cell growth and survival in suboptimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Cardon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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20
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PAS kinase: integrating nutrient sensing with nutrient partitioning. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:626-30. [PMID: 22245833 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggests that PAS kinase acts as a signal integrator to adjust metabolic behavior in response to nutrient conditions. Specifically, PAS kinase controls the partitioning of nutrient resources between the myriad of possible fates. In this capacity, PAS kinase elicits a pro-growth program, which includes both signaling and metabolic control, both in yeast and in mammals. We propose that, like other kinases possessing these properties-AMPK and TOR, PAS kinase might be target for therapy of diabetes, obesity and cancer.
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21
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Semplici F, Vaxillaire M, Fogarty S, Semache M, Bonnefond A, Fontés G, Philippe J, Meur G, Diraison F, Sessions RB, Rutter J, Poitout V, Froguel P, Rutter GA. Human mutation within Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain-containing protein kinase (PASK) causes basal insulin hypersecretion. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44005-44014. [PMID: 22065581 PMCID: PMC3243507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PAS kinase (PASK) is a glucose-regulated protein kinase involved in the control of pancreatic islet hormone release and insulin sensitivity. We aimed here to identify mutations in the PASK gene that may be associated with young-onset diabetes in humans. We screened 18 diabetic probands with unelucidated maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). We identified two rare nonsynonymous mutations in the PASK gene (p.L1051V and p.G1117E), each of which was found in a single MODY family. Wild type or mutant PASKs were expressed in HEK 293 cells. Kinase activity of the affinity-purified proteins was assayed as autophosphorylation at amino acid Thr307 or against an Ugp1p-derived peptide. Whereas the PASK p.G1117E mutant displayed a ∼25% increase with respect to wild type PASK in the extent of autophosphorylation, and a ∼2-fold increase in kinase activity toward exogenous substrates, the activity of the p.L1051V mutant was unchanged. Amino acid Gly1117 is located in an α helical region opposing the active site of PASK and may elicit either: (a) a conformational change that increases catalytic efficiency or (b) a diminished inhibitory interaction with the PAS domain. Mouse islets were therefore infected with adenoviruses expressing wild type or mutant PASK and the regulation of insulin secretion was examined. PASK p.G1117E-infected islets displayed a 4-fold decrease in glucose-stimulated (16.7 versus 3 mM) insulin secretion, chiefly reflecting a 4.5-fold increase in insulin release at low glucose. In summary, we have characterized a rare mutation (p.G1117E) in the PASK gene from a young-onset diabetes family, which modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Semplici
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Fogarty
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-3201
| | - Meriem Semache
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Ghislaine Fontés
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Philippe
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Gargi Meur
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederique Diraison
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Sessions
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Jared Rutter
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-3201
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal QC H1W 4A4 Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Giritharan G, Ilic D, Gormley M, Krtolica A. Human embryonic stem cells derived from embryos at different stages of development share similar transcription profiles. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26570. [PMID: 22039509 PMCID: PMC3198782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have derived hESC from biopsied blastomeres of cleavage stage embryos under virtually the same conditions we used for the derivation of hESC lines from inner cell mass of blastocyst stage embryos. Blastomere-derived hESC lines exhibited all the standard characteristics of hESC including undifferentiated proliferation, genomic stability, expression of pluripotency markers and the ability to differentiate into the cells of all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. To examine whether hESC lines derived from two developmental stages of the embryo differ in gene expression, we have subjected three blastomere-derived hESC lines and two ICM-derived hESC lines grown under identical culture conditions to transcriptome analysis using gene expression arrays. Unlike previously reported comparisons of hESC lines which demonstrated, apart from core hESC-associated pluripotency signature, significant variations in gene expression profiles of different lines, our data show that hESC lines derived and grown under well-controlled defined culture conditions adopt nearly identical gene expression profiles. Moreover, blastomere-derived and ICM-derived hESC exhibited very similar transcriptional profiles independent of the developmental stage of the embryo from which they originated. Furthermore, this profile was evident in very early passages of the cells and did not appear to be affected by extensive passaging. These results suggest that during derivation process cells which give rise to hESC acquire virtually identical stable phenotype and are not affected by the developmental stage of the starting cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dusko Ilic
- SLL Sciences, StemLifeLine, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Gormley
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Krtolica
- SLL Sciences, StemLifeLine, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Schläfli P, Tröger J, Eckhardt K, Borter E, Spielmann P, Wenger RH. Substrate preference and phosphatidylinositol monophosphate inhibition of the catalytic domain of the Per-Arnt-Sim domain kinase PASKIN. FEBS J 2011; 278:1757-68. [PMID: 21418524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain serine/threonine kinase PASKIN, or PAS kinase, links energy flux and protein synthesis in yeast, regulates glycogen synthesis and protein translation in mammals, and might be involved in insulin regulation in the pancreas. According to the current model, binding of a putative ligand to the PAS domain disinhibits the kinase domain, leading to PASKIN autophosphorylation and increased kinase activity. To date, only synthetic but no endogenous PASKIN ligands have been reported. In the present study, we identified a number of novel PASKIN kinase targets, including ribosomal protein S6. Together with our previous identification of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1, this suggests a role for PASKIN in the regulation of mammalian protein translation. When searching for endogenous PASKIN ligands, we found that various phospholipids can bind PASKIN and stimulate its autophosphorylation. Interestingly, the strongest binding and autophosphorylation was achieved with monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols. However, stimulated PASKIN autophosphorylation did not correlate with ribosomal protein S6 and eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 target phosphorylation. Although autophosphorylation was enhanced by monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, di- and tri-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols inhibited autophosphorylation. By contrast, target phosphorylation was always inhibited, with the highest efficiency for di- and tri-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols. Because phosphatidylinositol monophosphates were found to interact with the kinase rather than with the PAS domain, these data suggest a multiligand regulation of PASKIN activity, including a still unknown PAS domain binding/activating ligand and kinase domain binding modulatory phosphatidylinositol phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schläfli
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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