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Georgiadou E, Haythorne E, Dickerson MT, Lopez-Noriega L, Pullen TJ, da Silva Xavier G, Davis SPX, Martinez-Sanchez A, Semplici F, Rizzuto R, McGinty JA, French PM, Cane MC, Jacobson DA, Leclerc I, Rutter GA. The pore-forming subunit MCU of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter is required for normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo in mice. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1368-1381. [PMID: 32350566 PMCID: PMC7286857 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is central to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Whether Ca2+ uptake into pancreatic beta cell mitochondria potentiates or antagonises this process is still a matter of debate. Although the mitochondrial Ca2+ importer (MCU) complex is thought to represent the main route for Ca2+ transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane, its role in beta cells has not previously been examined in vivo. METHODS Here, we inactivated the pore-forming subunit of the MCU, encoded by Mcu, selectively in mouse beta cells using Ins1Cre-mediated recombination. Whole or dissociated pancreatic islets were isolated and used for live beta cell fluorescence imaging of cytosolic or mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration and ATP production in response to increasing glucose concentrations. Electrophysiological recordings were also performed on whole islets. Serum and blood samples were collected to examine oral and i.p. glucose tolerance. RESULTS Glucose-stimulated mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation (p< 0.05), ATP production (p< 0.05) and insulin secretion (p< 0.01) were strongly inhibited in beta cell-specific Mcu-null (βMcu-KO) animals, in vitro, as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations increased (p< 0.001), whereas mitochondrial membrane depolarisation improved in βMcu-KO animals. βMcu-KO mice displayed impaired in vivo insulin secretion at 5 min (p< 0.001) but not 15 min post-i.p. injection of glucose, whilst the opposite phenomenon was observed following an oral gavage at 5 min. Unexpectedly, glucose tolerance was improved (p< 0.05) in young βMcu-KO (<12 weeks), but not in older animals vs WT mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION MCU is crucial for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in pancreatic beta cells and is required for normal GSIS. The apparent compensatory mechanisms that maintain glucose tolerance in βMcu-KO mice remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elizabeth Haythorne
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Livia Lopez-Noriega
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gabriela da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Samuel P X Davis
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesca Semplici
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - James A McGinty
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew C Cane
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Schiff ER, Frampton M, Ben-Yosef N, Avila BE, Semplici F, Pontikos N, Bloom SL, McCartney SA, Vega R, Lovat LB, Wood E, Hart A, Israeli E, Crespi D, Furman MA, Mann S, Murray CD, Segal AW, Levine AP. Rare coding variant analysis in a large cohort of Ashkenazi Jewish families with inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Genet 2018; 137:723-734. [PMID: 30167848 PMCID: PMC6153494 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rare variants are thought to contribute to the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is more common amongst the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population. A family-based approach using exome sequencing of AJ individuals with IBD was employed with a view to identify novel rare genetic variants for this disease. Exome sequencing was performed on 960 Jewish individuals including 513 from 199 multiplex families with up to eight cases. Rare, damaging variants in loci prioritized by linkage analysis and those shared by multiple affected individuals within the same family were identified. Independent evidence of association of each variant with disease was assessed. A number of candidate variants were identified, including in genes involved in the immune system. The ability to achieve statistical significance in independent case/control replication data was limited by power and was only achieved for variants in the well-established Crohn's disease gene, NOD2. This work demonstrates the challenges of identifying disease-associated rare damaging variants from exome data, even amongst a favorable cohort of familial cases from a genetic isolate. Further research of the prioritized rare candidate variants is required to confirm their association with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Schiff
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Frampton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Ben-Yosef
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - B E Avila
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Semplici
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Pontikos
- UCL Genetics Institute, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - S L Bloom
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - S A McCartney
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Vega
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - L B Lovat
- Research Department of Tissue and Energy, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Wood
- Gastroenterology Department, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Hart
- Gastroenterology Department, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Israeli
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Crespi
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M A Furman
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Mann
- Gastroenterology Department, Barnet General Hospital, London, UK
| | - C D Murray
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - A W Segal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - A P Levine
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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3
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Schiff ER, Frampton M, Semplici F, Bloom SL, McCartney SA, Vega R, Lovat LB, Wood E, Hart AL, Crespi D, Furman MA, Mann S, Murray CD, Segal AW, Levine AP. A New Look at Familial Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish Population. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:3049-3057. [PMID: 30178286 PMCID: PMC6182437 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are particularly common among the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population. Population-specific estimates of familial risk are important for counseling; however, relatively small cohorts of AJ IBD patients have been analyzed for familial risk to date. This study aimed to recruit a new cohort of AJ IBD patients, mainly from the UK, to determine the familial occurrence of disease. METHODS A total of 864 AJ IBD patients were recruited through advertisements, hospital clinics, and primary care. Participants were interviewed about their Jewish ancestry, disease phenotype, age of diagnosis, and family history of disease. Case notes were reviewed. RESULTS The 864 probands comprised 506 sporadic and 358 familial cases, the latter with a total of 625 affected relatives. Of the UK cases, 40% had a positive family history with 25% having at least one affected first-degree relative. These percentages were lower among those recruited through hospital clinics and primary care (33% for all relatives and 22% among first-degree relatives). Examining all probands, the relative risk of IBD for offspring, siblings, and parents was 10.5, 7.4, and 4, respectively. Age of diagnosis was significantly lower in familial versus sporadic patients with Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS This study reports familial risk estimates for a significant proportion of the AJ IBD population in the UK. The high rate of a positive family history in this cohort may reflect the greater genetic burden for IBD among AJs. These data are of value in predicting the likelihood of future recurrence of IBD in AJ families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Schiff
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Frampton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Semplici
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart L. Bloom
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sara A. McCartney
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roser Vega
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Laurence B. Lovat
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK ,Research Department of Tissue and Energy, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Wood
- Gastroenterology Department, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ailsa L. Hart
- Gastroenterology Department, St Mark’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel Crespi
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark A. Furman
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven Mann
- Gastroenterology Department, Barnet General Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Anthony W. Segal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam P. Levine
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Johnston NR, Mitchell RK, Haythorne E, Pessoa MP, Semplici F, Ferrer J, Piemonti L, Marchetti P, Bugliani M, Bosco D, Berishvili E, Duncanson P, Watkinson M, Broichhagen J, Trauner D, Rutter GA, Hodson DJ. Beta Cell Hubs Dictate Pancreatic Islet Responses to Glucose. Cell Metab 2016; 24:389-401. [PMID: 27452146 PMCID: PMC5031557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The arrangement of β cells within islets of Langerhans is critical for insulin release through the generation of rhythmic activity. A privileged role for individual β cells in orchestrating these responses has long been suspected, but not directly demonstrated. We show here that the β cell population in situ is operationally heterogeneous. Mapping of islet functional architecture revealed the presence of hub cells with pacemaker properties, which remain stable over recording periods of 2 to 3 hr. Using a dual optogenetic/photopharmacological strategy, silencing of hubs abolished coordinated islet responses to glucose, whereas specific stimulation restored communication patterns. Hubs were metabolically adapted and targeted by both pro-inflammatory and glucolipotoxic insults to induce widespread β cell dysfunction. Thus, the islet is wired by hubs, whose failure may contribute to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Johnston
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ryan K Mitchell
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elizabeth Haythorne
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maria Paiva Pessoa
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesca Semplici
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Beta Cell Genome Regulation Lab, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute (HSR-DRI), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philip Duncanson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - David J Hodson
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
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5
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Semplici F, Mondragon A, Macintyre B, Madeyski-Bengston K, Persson-Kry A, Barr S, Ramne A, Marley A, McGinty J, French P, Soedling H, Yokosuka R, Gaitan J, Lang J, Migrenne-Li S, Philippe E, Herrera PL, Magnan C, da Silva Xavier G, Rutter GA. Cell type-specific deletion in mice reveals roles for PAS kinase in insulin and glucagon production. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1938-47. [PMID: 27338626 PMCID: PMC4969360 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Per-Arnt-Sim kinase (PASK) is a nutrient-regulated domain-containing protein kinase previously implicated in the control of insulin gene expression and glucagon secretion. Here, we explore the roles of PASK in the control of islet hormone release, by generating mice with selective deletion of the Pask gene in pancreatic beta or alpha cells. METHODS Floxed alleles of Pask were produced by homologous recombination and animals bred with mice bearing beta (Ins1 (Cre); PaskBKO) or alpha (Ppg (Cre) [also known as Gcg]; PaskAKO) cell-selective Cre recombinase alleles. Glucose homeostasis and hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro, gene expression and islet cell mass were measured using standard techniques. RESULTS Ins1 (Cre)-based recombination led to efficient beta cell-targeted deletion of Pask. Beta cell mass was reduced by 36.5% (p < 0.05) compared with controls in PaskBKO mice, as well as in global Pask-null mice (38%, p < 0.05). PaskBKO mice displayed normal body weight and fasting glycaemia, but slightly impaired glucose tolerance, and beta cell proliferation, after maintenance on a high-fat diet. Whilst glucose tolerance was unaffected in PaskAKO mice, glucose infusion rates were increased, and glucagon secretion tended to be lower, during hypoglycaemic clamps. Although alpha cell mass was increased (21.9%, p < 0.05), glucagon release at low glucose was impaired (p < 0.05) in PaskAKO islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The findings demonstrate cell-autonomous roles for PASK in the control of pancreatic endocrine hormone secretion. Differences between the glycaemic phenotype of global vs cell type-specific null mice suggest important roles for tissue interactions in the control of glycaemia by PASK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Semplici
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Angeles Mondragon
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Benedict Macintyre
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katja Madeyski-Bengston
- AstraZeneca R&D, DECS, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D, HC3020, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anette Persson-Kry
- AstraZeneca R&D, DECS, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D, HC3020, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sara Barr
- AstraZeneca R&D, DECS, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D, HC3020, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Ramne
- AstraZeneca R&D, DECS, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- AstraZeneca R&D, HC3020, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - James McGinty
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Soedling
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ryohsuke Yokosuka
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julien Gaitan
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Jochen Lang
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Stephanie Migrenne-Li
- Paris Diderot University, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Paris Diderot University, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Paris Diderot University, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Gabriela da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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6
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Hodson DJ, Mitchell RK, Marselli L, Pullen TJ, Gimeno Brias S, Semplici F, Everett KL, Cooper DMF, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Lavallard V, Bosco D, Piemonti L, Johnson PR, Hughes SJ, Li D, Li WH, Shapiro AMJ, Rutter GA. ADCY5 couples glucose to insulin secretion in human islets. Diabetes 2014; 63:3009-21. [PMID: 24740569 PMCID: PMC4141364 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the ADCY5 gene, encoding adenylate cyclase 5, are associated with elevated fasting glucose and increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying the effects of these polymorphic variants at the level of pancreatic β-cells remain unclear. Here, we show firstly that ADCY5 mRNA expression in islets is lowered by the possession of risk alleles at rs11708067. Next, we demonstrate that ADCY5 is indispensable for coupling glucose, but not GLP-1, to insulin secretion in human islets. Assessed by in situ imaging of recombinant probes, ADCY5 silencing impaired glucose-induced cAMP increases and blocked glucose metabolism toward ATP at concentrations of the sugar >8 mmol/L. However, calcium transient generation and functional connectivity between individual human β-cells were sharply inhibited at all glucose concentrations tested, implying additional, metabolism-independent roles for ADCY5. In contrast, calcium rises were unaffected in ADCY5-depleted islets exposed to GLP-1. Alterations in β-cell ADCY5 expression and impaired glucose signaling thus provide a likely route through which ADCY5 gene polymorphisms influence fasting glucose levels and T2D risk, while exerting more minor effects on incretin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hodson
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
| | - Ryan K Mitchell
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Silvia Gimeno Brias
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Francesca Semplici
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Katy L Everett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul R Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Stephen J Hughes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Daliang Li
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
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7
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Tarasov AI, Semplici F, Li D, Rizzuto R, Ravier MA, Gilon P, Rutter GA. Frequency-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation regulates ATP synthesis in pancreatic β cells. Pflugers Arch 2012; 465:543-54. [PMID: 23149488 PMCID: PMC3631125 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells respond to increases in glucose concentration with enhanced metabolism, the closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels and electrical spiking. The latter results in oscillatory Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and the activation of insulin release. The relationship between changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt and [Ca2+]mit, respectively) during these cycles is poorly understood. Importantly, the activation of Ca2+-sensitive intramitochondrial dehydrogenases, occurring alongside the stimulation of ATP consumption required for Ca2+ pumping and other processes, may exert complex effects on cytosolic ATP/ADP ratios and hence insulin secretion. To explore the relationship between these parameters in single primary β cells, we have deployed cytosolic (Fura red, Indo1) or green fluorescent protein-based recombinant-targeted (Pericam, 2mt8RP for mitochondria; D4ER for the ER) probes for Ca2+ and cytosolic ATP/ADP (Perceval) alongside patch-clamp electrophysiology. We demonstrate that: (1) blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by shRNA-mediated silencing of the uniporter MCU attenuates glucose- and essentially blocks tolbutamide-stimulated, insulin secretion; (2) during electrical stimulation, mitochondria decode cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation frequency as stable increases in [Ca2+]mit and cytosolic ATP/ADP; (3) mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake rates remained constant between individual spikes, arguing against activity-dependent regulation (“plasticity”) and (4) the relationship between [Ca2+]cyt and [Ca2+]mit is essentially unaffected by changes in endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ER). Our findings thus highlight new aspects of Ca2+ signalling in β cells of relevance to the actions of both glucose and sulphonylureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I Tarasov
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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Tarasov AI, Semplici F, Ravier MA, Bellomo EA, Pullen TJ, Gilon P, Sekler I, Rizzuto R, Rutter GA. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter MCU is essential for glucose-induced ATP increases in pancreatic β-cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39722. [PMID: 22829870 PMCID: PMC3400633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose induces insulin release from pancreatic β-cells by stimulating ATP synthesis, membrane depolarisation and Ca2+ influx. As well as activating ATP-consuming processes, cytosolic Ca2+ increases may also potentiate mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Until recently, the ability to study the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion has been hindered by the absence of suitable approaches either to suppress Ca2+ uptake into these organelles, or to examine the impact on β-cell excitability. Here, we have combined patch-clamp electrophysiology with simultaneous real-time imaging of compartmentalised changes in Ca2+ and ATP/ADP ratio in single primary mouse β-cells, using recombinant targeted (Pericam or Perceval, respectively) as well as entrapped intracellular (Fura-Red), probes. Through shRNA-mediated silencing we show that the recently-identified mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, MCU, is required for depolarisation-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ increases, and for a sustained increase in cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio. By contrast, silencing of the mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ exchanger NCLX affected the kinetics of glucose-induced changes in, but not steady state values of, cytosolic ATP/ADP. Exposure to gluco-lipotoxic conditions delayed both mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio increases without affecting the expression of either gene. Mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, mediated by MCU and modulated by NCLX, is thus required for normal glucose sensing by pancreatic β-cells, and becomes defective in conditions mimicking the diabetic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I. Tarasov
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Semplici
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magalie A. Ravier
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, INSERM U661, CNRS UMR5203, Université Montpellier I et II, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa A. Bellomo
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Semplici F, Vaxillaire M, Fogarty S, Semache M, Bonnefond A, Fontés G, Philippe J, Meur G, Diraison F, Sessions RB, Rutter J, Poitout V, Froguel P, Rutter GA. Human mutation within Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain-containing protein kinase (PASK) causes basal insulin hypersecretion. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44005-44014. [PMID: 22065581 PMCID: PMC3243507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PAS kinase (PASK) is a glucose-regulated protein kinase involved in the control of pancreatic islet hormone release and insulin sensitivity. We aimed here to identify mutations in the PASK gene that may be associated with young-onset diabetes in humans. We screened 18 diabetic probands with unelucidated maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). We identified two rare nonsynonymous mutations in the PASK gene (p.L1051V and p.G1117E), each of which was found in a single MODY family. Wild type or mutant PASKs were expressed in HEK 293 cells. Kinase activity of the affinity-purified proteins was assayed as autophosphorylation at amino acid Thr307 or against an Ugp1p-derived peptide. Whereas the PASK p.G1117E mutant displayed a ∼25% increase with respect to wild type PASK in the extent of autophosphorylation, and a ∼2-fold increase in kinase activity toward exogenous substrates, the activity of the p.L1051V mutant was unchanged. Amino acid Gly1117 is located in an α helical region opposing the active site of PASK and may elicit either: (a) a conformational change that increases catalytic efficiency or (b) a diminished inhibitory interaction with the PAS domain. Mouse islets were therefore infected with adenoviruses expressing wild type or mutant PASK and the regulation of insulin secretion was examined. PASK p.G1117E-infected islets displayed a 4-fold decrease in glucose-stimulated (16.7 versus 3 mM) insulin secretion, chiefly reflecting a 4.5-fold increase in insulin release at low glucose. In summary, we have characterized a rare mutation (p.G1117E) in the PASK gene from a young-onset diabetes family, which modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Semplici
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Fogarty
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-3201
| | - Meriem Semache
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Ghislaine Fontés
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Philippe
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Gargi Meur
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederique Diraison
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Sessions
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Jared Rutter
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-3201
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal QC H1W 4A4 Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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An R, da Silva Xavier G, Semplici F, Vakhshouri S, Hao HX, Rutter J, Pagano MA, Meggio F, Pinna LA, Rutter GA. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) phosphorylation at serine-269 is HIPK2-dependent and affects PDX1 subnuclear localization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:155-61. [PMID: 20637728 PMCID: PMC2958310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) regulates pancreatic development and mature beta-cell function. We demonstrate by mass spectrometry that serine residue at position 269 in the C-terminal domain of PDX1 is phosphorylated in beta-cells. Besides we show that the degree of phosphorylation, assessed with a phospho-Ser-269-specific antibody, is decreased by elevated glucose concentrations in both MIN6 beta-cells and primary mouse pancreatic islets. Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) phosphorylates PDX1 in vitro; phosphate incorporation substantially decreases in PDX1 S269A mutant. Silencing of HIPK2 led to a 51+/-0.2% decrease in Ser-269 phosphorylation in MIN6 beta-cells. Mutation of Ser-269 to phosphomimetic residue glutamic acid (S269E) or de-phosphomimetic residue alanine (S269A) exerted no effect on PDX1 half-life. Instead, PDX1 S269E mutant displayed abnormal changes in subnuclear localization in response to high glucose. Our results suggest that HIPK2-mediated phosphorylation of PDX1 at Ser-269 might be a regulatory mechanism connecting signals generated by changes in extracellular glucose concentration to downstream effectors via changes in subnuclear localization of PDX1, thereby influencing islet cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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An R, da Silva Xavier G, Hao HX, Semplici F, Rutter J, Rutter GA. Regulation by Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) kinase of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 nuclear import in pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 34:791-3. [PMID: 17052199 DOI: 10.1042/bst0340791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor PDX-1 (pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1) is required for normal pancreatic development and for the function of insulin-producing islet beta-cells in mammals. We have shown previously that glucose regulates insulin gene expression in part through the activation and translocation of PDX-1 from the nuclear periphery to the nucleoplasm. We have also found that PASK [PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim) kinase], a member of the nutrient-regulated family of protein kinases, is activated in response to glucose challenge in beta-cells and is involved in the regulation of expression of PDX-1. Purified PASK efficiently phosphorylated recombinant PDX-1 in vitro on a single site (Thr-152). To determine the impact of phosphorylation at this site, we generated wild-type and mutant (T152A, T152D and T152E) forms of PDX-1 and examined the distribution of each of these in clonal MIN6 beta-cells by immunocytochemical analysis. Unexpectedly, only the T152D mutation significantly affected subcellular distribution, increasing the ratio of nuclear/cytosolic labelling at low and high glucose concentrations, suggesting that phosphorylation at Thr-152 inhibits nuclear uptake in response to glucose. Based on these results, experiments to examine the contribution of Thr-152 to the overall phosphorylation of PDX-1 in intact cells will be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- R An
- Henry Wellcome Signalling Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 ITD, UK
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Semplici F, Meggio F, Pinna LA, Oliviero S. CK2-dependent phosphorylation of the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBC3B induces its interaction with beta-TrCP and enhances beta-catenin degradation. Oncogene 2002; 21:3978-87. [PMID: 12037680 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2001] [Revised: 03/12/2002] [Accepted: 04/15/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous and pleiotropic Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in cell growth and transformation. Here we report the identification by yeast interaction trap of a CK2 interacting protein, UBC3B, which is highly homologous to the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBC3/CDC34. UBC3B complements the yeast cdc34-2 cell cycle arrest mutant in S. cerevisiae and transfers ubiquitin to a target substrate in vitro. UBC3B is specifically phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro and in vivo. We mapped by deletions and site directed mutagenesis the phosphorylation site to a serine residue within the C-terminal domain in position 233 of UBC3B and in the corresponding serine residue of UBC3. Following CK2-dependent phosphorylation both UBC3B and UBC3 bind to the F-box protein beta-TrCP, the substrate recognition subunit of an SCF (Skp1, Cul1, F-box) ubiquitin ligase. Furthermore, we observed that co-transfection of CK2alpha' together with UBC3B, but not with UBC3DeltaC, enhances the degradation of beta-catenin. Taken together these data suggest that CK2-dependent phosphorylation of UBC3 and UBC3B functions by regulating beta-TrCP substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Semplici
- Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
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Abstract
The cytokines interleukin (IL)6 and IL10 appear to be involved in the progression of melanoma because they are secreted by malignant cells and their serum levels are associated with poor survival and with advanced stages of the disease. Antitumour immunity is considered to be a T-cell response, mediated mainly by type 1 cytokines such as IL12 and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma). We evaluated the serum levels of cytokines involved in the host response against tumour (IL12, IFNgamma) and/or the progression of melanoma (IL6, IL10) in 45 melanoma patients with localized and metastatic disease and in 45 controls, using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In the controls, IL6 and IL12 were nearly undetectable, whereas the IL10 and IFNgamma ranges were 0.5-9 pg/ml and 2-4.8 pg/ml, respectively. In the melanoma patients, pathologically high values were found in 44.4% for IL6, in 24.4% for IL10, and in 60% for IL12. Significantly higher values were found for IL6 and IL12, and lower values for IFNgamma. This study highlights a significant difference in serum cytokine profiles between controls and melanoma patients, which is mainly due to the high levels of IL6 and IL12 and the low levels of IFNgamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moretti
- Second Dermatology Unit, S.M. Nuova Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Department of Dermatological Science, via della Pergola 58, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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Mazzoli S, Lopalco L, Salvi A, Trabattoni D, Lo Caputo S, Semplici F, Biasin M, Bl C, Cosma A, Pastori C, Meacci F, Mazzotta F, Villa ML, Siccardi AG, Clerici M. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific IgA and HIV neutralizing activity in the serum of exposed seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive persons. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:871-5. [PMID: 10438383 DOI: 10.1086/314934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibodies were analyzed in the sera of 15 sexually exposed seronegative persons who had systemic HIV-specific cell-mediated immunity and IgA-mediated mucosal immunity and in their HIV-infected partners. The HIV-positive subjects had HIV-specific serum IgG and IgA; the seronegative persons had HIV-specific serum IgA in the absence of IgG. Testing of the seronegative persons 1 year after the interruption of at-risk sex showed that no IgG seroconversion had occurred and that HIV-specific IgA serum concentrations had declined. Serum from the HIV-exposed seronegative persons was analyzed for the ability to neutralize primary HIV-1 isolates. Neutralizing activity was detected in 5 of 15 sera and in 2 cases was retained by serum-purified IgA. Thus, the immunologic picture for resistance to HIV infection should include HIV-specific cell-mediated immunity as well as HIV-specific IgA-mediated mucosal and systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazzoli
- Centro Unitá Operativa di Malattie Sessualmente Trasmesse, Malattie Infettive, Ospedale S. M. Annunziata, Florence, Italy.
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Clerici M, Salvi A, Trabattoni D, Lo Caputo S, Semplici F, Biasin M, Ble C, Meacci F, Romeo C, Piconi S, Mazzotta F, Villa ML, Mazzoli S. A role for mucosal immunity in resistance to HIV infection. Immunol Lett 1999; 66:21-5. [PMID: 10203030 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a recent, thought-provoking novel by Elizabeth McCracken (The Giant's House. Avon Books, New York, 1997), two characters discuss love and its impossibilities. One brashly claims to be "immune to love", explaining the concept to his perplexed interlocutor, "...people become immune to love like they become immune to any disease. Either they had it bad early in life, like chicken pox and that's that; or they keep getting exposed to it in little doses and build up an immunity; or somehow they just don't catch it, something in'em is born resistant. I'm the last type. I'm immune to love and poison ivy". (p. 275) (E. McCracken, The Giant's House. Avon Books, New York, 1997). Substitute the words 'HIV infection' for 'love' and this intriguing metaphor summarizes the state of the art working hypotheses for the phenomenon of resistance to HIV infection in HIV-exposed individuals who, against all odds, do not seroconvert. These hypotheses will be discussed hereafter and particular emphasis will be placed upon a possible role for mucosal immunity in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clerici
- Cattedra di Immunologia, Universita di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Orlandini M, Semplici F, Ferruzzi R, Meggio F, Pinna LA, Oliviero S. Protein kinase CK2alpha' is induced by serum as a delayed early gene and cooperates with Ha-ras in fibroblast transformation. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:21291-7. [PMID: 9694889 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.33.21291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is an ubiquitous and pleiotropic Ser/Thr protein kinase composed of two catalytic (alpha and/or alpha') and two noncatalytic (beta) subunits forming a heterotetrameric holoenzyme involved in cell growth and differentiation. Here we report the identification, cloning, and oncogenic activity of the murine CK2alpha' subunit. Serum treatment of quiescent mouse fibroblasts induces CK2alpha' mRNA expression, which peaks at 4 h. The kinetics of CK2alpha' expression correlate with increased kinase activity toward a specific CK2 holoenzyme peptide substrate. The ectopic expression of CK2alpha' (or CK2alpha) cooperates with Ha-ras in foci formation of rat primary embryo fibroblasts. Moreover, we observed that BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts transformed with Ha-ras and CK2alpha' show a faster growth rate than cells transformed with Ha-ras alone. In these cells the higher growth rate correlates with an increase in calmodulin phosphorylation, a protein substrate specifically affected by isolated CK2 catalytic subunits but not by CK2 holoenzyme, suggesting that unbalanced expression of a CK2 catalytic subunit synergizes with Ha-ras in cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orlandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università di Siena IRIS, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Mazzoli S, Tofani N, Fantini A, Semplici F, Bandini F, Salvi A, Vergassola R. Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody response in patients with acute myocardial infarction and their follow-up. Am Heart J 1998; 135:15-20. [PMID: 9453516 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(98)70337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
STUDY POPULATIONS This study concerned the possible relations between seroreactivity to Chlamydia pneumoniae and myocardial infarction. A group of 29 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 74 members of a healthy control group, and a subgroup of 24 members of a healthy control group matched for age, sex, and coronary risk factors (HCM) were included in the study. In addition, we evaluated the AMI group in a 1-year patients' follow-up study. We used two different tests to detect anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies: recombinant enzyme immunoassay antilipopolysaccharide antibodies and a reference microimmunofluorescence test. RESULTS High titers of C. pneumoniae microimmunofluorescence antibodies were found in 89.65% of the AMI group and in 25% of the HCM group (p = 0.0000065). Immunoglobulin A-microimmunofluorescence was 51.72% in the AMI group and 20.83% in the HCM group (p = 0.0042). Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A antilipopolysoccharide titers were 65.51% and 62.60% in the AMI group and 20.83% in the HCM group, respectively (p = 0.006). High concentrations of interleukin-6 were found in 86.20% of our AMI group (p value = 54.38 pg/ml) when compared with the control group. A good correlation between interleukin-6 levels and immunoglobulin A-lipopolysaccharide titers (r = 0.658) was found. CONCLUSION The presence of a high prevalence rate and high titers of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A-specific anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies in AMI at admission demonstrated the presence of a specific anti-C. pneumoniae immunization in the AMI population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazzoli
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases Centre, Infectious Diseases Unit, S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Mazzoli S, Trabattoni D, Lo Caputo S, Piconi S, Blé C, Meacci F, Ruzzante S, Salvi A, Semplici F, Longhi R, Fusi ML, Tofani N, Biasin M, Villa ML, Mazzotta F, Clerici M. HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals. Nat Med 1997; 3:1250-7. [PMID: 9359700 DOI: 10.1038/nm1197-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity was analyzed in heterosexual couples discordant for HIV status in serum and in HIV-unexposed controls. HIV-specific IgA but not IgG was present in urine and vaginal wash samples from HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESN), whereas both IgA and IgG were observed in their HIV-seropositive partners; antibodies were not detected in low-risk controls. Envelope protein (Env) peptide-stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected in 9 out of 16 ESNs, 5 out of 16 HIV-infected patients and 1 out of 50 controls. Env peptide-stimulated PBMCs of ESNs produced more IL-2 and less IL-10 compared with those of HIV-infected individuals; no differences were observed in chemokine production or in CCR5 expression. These data demonstrate that a compartmentalized immune response to pathogens is possible in humans and raise the possibility of protective roles for cell-mediated immunity and mucosal IgA in HIV-seronegative individuals exposed to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazzoli
- Centro M.S.T./U.O. Malattie Infettive, Ospedale S.M. Annunziata, Florence, Italy
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Vergassola R, Mazzoli S, Fantini A, Tofani N, Semplici F, Bandini F, Iorno M, Salvi A, Rossi D. [Anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and production of interleukin 6 in acute myocardial infarct]. G Ital Cardiol 1997; 27:470-5. [PMID: 9244752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.p.) has been correlated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). High levels of anti-C.p. antibodies and circulating immune complexes containing C.p. lypopolyaaccharide (LPS) antigens have been demonstrated in AMI. LPS antigen and especially Chlamydial LPS is one of the best antigen and it is also a very good Interleukin inductor. Moreover, interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been observed in AMI patients. The aim of our study was to assess the possible relationships between anti-C.p. immune response and IL-6 production in AMI patients. We studied 17 consecutive patients with myocardial infarction (12 males and 5 females; mean age 62; range 46-72). Blood samples were obtained immediately after hospital admission. There were 17 control subjects (HCM) (mean age 62; range 45-72) who were matched for the main coronary risk factors (gender, age, diabetes, hypertension, hypercolesterolemia, smoking, family history of ischemic heart disease). In addition, we evaluated the AMI patients in a one-year follow-up study (FU). RESULTS High levels of C.p. IgG MIF were found in 82.3% of our AMI patients and in 29.4% of HCM subjects (p = 0.0000065). IgA-MIF were 70.5% in AMI patients and 29.4% in HCM (p = 0.0042). High levels of C.p. IgG and IgA anti-LPS were found, with a very high prevalence rate of 76.4% and 64.7% in AMI patients, and both rates were 47.0% (p = 0.158; p = 0.489) in HCM. Very high levels of IL-6 were found (m = 54.38 pg/ml) in 100% of the AMI patients (normal values in our population: 0-10.86 pg/ml) and only detectable levels in 5.8% of HCM. A good linear correlation was demonstrated between IL-6 and IgA levels in the first sample (r = 0.655). The high levels of anti-C.p. IgG, IgA and IL-6, with a good correlation between IL-6 and IgA levels, may confirm the presence of an active infection and probably of a reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vergassola
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale S.M. Annunziata, Firenze
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Baldi F, Parati F, Semplici F, Tandoi V. Biological removal of inorganic Hg(II) as gaseous elemental Hg(0) by continuous culture of a Hg-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain FB-1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1993; 9:275-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00327854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/30/1992] [Accepted: 11/04/1992] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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