1
|
Lakha R, Hachicho C, Mehlenbacher MR, Wilcox DE, Austin RN, Vizcarra CL. Metallothionein-3 attenuates the effect of Cu 2+ ions on actin filaments. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112157. [PMID: 36801620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein 3 (MT-3) is a cysteine-rich metal-binding protein that is expressed in the mammalian central nervous system and kidney. Various reports have posited a role for MT-3 in regulating the actin cytoskeleton by promoting the assembly of actin filaments. We generated purified, recombinant mouse MT-3 of known metal compositions, either with zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), or copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) bound. None of these forms of MT-3 accelerated actin filament polymerization in vitro, either with or without the actin binding protein profilin. Furthermore, using a co-sedimentation assay, we did not observe Zn-bound MT-3 in complex with actin filaments. Cu2+ ions on their own induced rapid actin polymerization, an effect that we attribute to filament fragmentation. This effect of Cu2+ is reversed by adding either EGTA or Zn-bound MT-3, indicating that either molecule can chelate Cu2+ from actin. Altogether, our data indicate that purified recombinant MT-3 does not directly bind actin but it does attenuate the Cu-induced fragmentation of actin filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Lakha
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Carla Hachicho
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Dean E Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Rachel N Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kalyan G, Slusser-Nore A, Dunlevy JR, Bathula CS, Shabb JB, Muhonen W, Somji S, Sens DA, Garrett SH. Protein interactions with metallothionein-3 promote vectorial active transport in human proximal tubular cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267599. [PMID: 35503771 PMCID: PMC9064079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein 3 (MT-3) is a small, cysteine-rich protein that binds to essential metals required for homeostasis, as well as to heavy metals that have the potential to exert toxic effects on cells. MT-3 is expressed by epithelial cells of the human kidney, including the cells of the proximal tubule. Our laboratory has previously shown that mortal cultures of human proximal tubular (HPT) cells express MT-3 and form domes in the cell monolayer, a morphological feature indicative of vectorial active transport, an essential function of the proximal tubule. However, an immortalized proximal tubular cell line HK-2 lacks the expression of MT-3 and fails to form domes in the monolayer. Transfection of HK-2 cells with the MT-3 gene restores dome formation in these cells suggesting that MT-3 is required for vectorial active transport. In order to determine how MT-3 imparts this essential feature to the proximal tubule, we sought to identify proteins that interact either directly or indirectly with MT-3. Using a combination of pulldowns, co-immunoprecipitations, and mass spectrometry analysis, putative protein interactants were identified and subsequently confirmed by Western analysis and confocal microscopy, following which proteins with direct physical interactions were investigated through molecular docking. Our data shows that MT-3 interacts with myosin-9, aldolase A, enolase 1, β-actin, and tropomyosin 3 and that these interactions are maximized at the periphery of the apical membrane of doming proximal tubule cells. Together these observations reveal that MT-3 interacts with proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization and energy metabolism, and these interactions at the apical membrane support vectorial active transport and cell differentiation in proximal tubule cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gazal Kalyan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Andrea Slusser-Nore
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Jane R. Dunlevy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Chandra S. Bathula
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - John B. Shabb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Wallace Muhonen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Donald A. Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Scott H. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koh JY, Lee SJ. Metallothionein-3 as a multifunctional player in the control of cellular processes and diseases. Mol Brain 2020; 13:116. [PMID: 32843100 PMCID: PMC7448430 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metals, such as iron, copper, and zinc, play a very important role in life as the regulators of various physiochemical reactions in cells. Abnormal distribution and concentration of these metals in the body are closely associated with various diseases including ischemic seizure, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer. Iron and copper are known to be mainly involved in in vivo redox reaction. Zinc controls a variety of intracellular metabolism via binding to lots of proteins in cells and altering their structure and function. Metallothionein-3 (MT3) is a representative zinc binding protein predominant in the brain. Although the role of MT3 in other organs still needs to be elucidated, many reports have suggested critical roles for the protein in the control of a variety of cellular homeostasis. Here, we review various biological functions of MT3, focusing on different cellular molecules and diseases involving MT3 in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi Y, Sun D, Yang W, Xu B, Lv D, Han Y, Sun M, Jiang S, Hu W, Yang Y. Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase (MST) 1/2: Crucial Players in Nervous and Immune System and Neurological Disorders. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3177-3190. [PMID: 32198112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As central components of the Hippo signaling pathway in mammals, the mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) and MST2 protein kinases regulate cell proliferation, survival, and death and are involved in the homeostasis of many tissues. Recent studies have elucidated the roles of MST1 and MST2 in the nervous system and immune system, particularly in neurological disorders, which are influenced by aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of these research areas. First, the activation mechanisms and roles of MST1 and MST2 in neurons, non-neuronal cells, and immune cells are introduced. The roles of MST1 and MST2 in neurological disorders, including brain tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and neuromuscular disorders, are then presented. Finally, the existing obstacles for further research are discussed. Collectively, the information compiled herein provides a common framework for the function of MST1 and MST2 in the nervous system, should contribute to the design of further experiments, and sheds light on potential treatments for aging associated neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Baoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Dewen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuehu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koh JY, Kim HN, Hwang JJ, Kim YH, Park SE. Lysosomal dysfunction in proteinopathic neurodegenerative disorders: possible therapeutic roles of cAMP and zinc. Mol Brain 2019; 12:18. [PMID: 30866990 PMCID: PMC6417073 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, share intra- and/or extracellular deposition of protein aggregates as a common core pathology. While the species of accumulating proteins are distinct in each disease, an increasing body of evidence indicates that defects in the protein clearance system play a crucial role in the gradual accumulation of protein aggregates. Among protein degradation systems, the endosome-autophagosome-lysosome pathway (EALP) is the main degradation machinery, especially for large protein aggregates. Lysosomal dysfunction or defects in fusion with vesicles containing cargo are commonly observed abnormalities in proteinopathic neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for a mechanistic connection between components of the EALP-especially lysosomes-and neurodegenerative diseases. We also focus on lysosomal pH regulation and its significance in maintaining flux through the EALP. Finally, we suggest that raising cAMP and free zinc levels in brain cells may be beneficial in normalizing lysosomal pH and EALP flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Koh
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Neural Injury Lab, Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amyloid β1–42-Induced Rapid Zn2+ Influx into Dentate Granule Cells Attenuates Maintained LTP Followed by Retrograde Amnesia. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5041-5050. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
7
|
Chen S, Fang Y, Xu S, Reis C, Zhang J. Mammalian Sterile20-like Kinases: Signalings and Roles in Central Nervous System. Aging Dis 2018; 9:537-552. [PMID: 29896440 PMCID: PMC5988607 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Sterile20-like (MST) kinases are located upstream in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, renewal, polarization and migration. Generally, five MST kinases exist in mammalian signal transduction pathways, including MST1, MST2, MST3, MST4 and YSK1. The central nervous system (CNS) is a sophisticated entity that takes charge of information reception, integration and response. Recently, accumulating evidence proposes that MST kinases are critical in the development of disease in different systems involving the CNS. In this review, we summarized the signal transduction pathways and interacting proteins of MST kinases. The potential biological function of each MST kinase and the commonly reported MST-related diseases in the neural system are also reviewed. Further investigation of MST kinases and their interaction with CNS diseases would provide the medical community with new therapeutic targets for human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenbin Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,3Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,4Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carpenter MC, Shami Shah A, DeSilva S, Gleaton A, Su A, Goundie B, Croteau ML, Stevenson MJ, Wilcox DE, Austin RN. Thermodynamics of Pb(ii) and Zn(ii) binding to MT-3, a neurologically important metallothionein. Metallomics 2017; 8:605-17. [PMID: 26757944 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to quantify the thermodynamics of Pb(2+) and Zn(2+) binding to metallothionein-3 (MT-3). Pb(2+) binds to zinc-replete Zn7MT-3 displacing each zinc ion with a similar change in free energy (ΔG) and enthalpy (ΔH). EDTA chelation measurements of Zn7MT-3 and Pb7MT-3 reveal that both metal ions are extracted in a tri-phasic process, indicating that they bind to the protein in three populations with different binding thermodynamics. Metal binding is entropically favoured, with an enthalpic penalty that reflects the enthalpic cost of cysteine deprotonation accompanying thiolate ligation of the metal ions. These data indicate that Pb(2+) binding to both apo MT-3 and Zn7MT-3 is thermodynamically favourable, and implicate MT-3 in neuronal lead biochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - A Shami Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA
| | - S DeSilva
- Department of Chemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA
| | - A Gleaton
- Department of Chemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA
| | - A Su
- Department of Chemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA
| | - B Goundie
- Department of Chemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA
| | - M L Croteau
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - M J Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - D E Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - R N Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA and Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY, NY 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Metallothioneins: Emerging Modulators in Immunity and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102197. [PMID: 29065550 PMCID: PMC5666878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of metal-binding proteins virtually expressed in all organisms including prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, invertebrates and mammals. These proteins regulate homeostasis of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), mitigate heavy metal poisoning, and alleviate superoxide stress. In recent years, MTs have emerged as an important, yet largely underappreciated, component of the immune system. Innate and adaptive immune cells regulate MTs in response to stress stimuli, cytokine signals and microbial challenge. Modulation of MTs in these cells in turn regulates metal ion release, transport and distribution, cellular redox status, enzyme function and cell signaling. While it is well established that the host strictly regulates availability of metal ions during microbial pathogenesis, we are only recently beginning to unravel the interplay between metal-regulatory pathways and immunological defenses. In this perspective, investigation of mechanisms that leverage the potential of MTs to orchestrate inflammatory responses and antimicrobial defenses has gained momentum. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to illumine the role of MTs in immune regulation. We discuss the mechanisms of MT induction and signaling in immune cells and explore the therapeutic potential of the MT-Zn axis in bolstering immune defenses against pathogens.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bousleiman J, Pinsky A, Ki S, Su A, Morozova I, Kalachikov S, Wiqas A, Silver R, Sever M, Austin RN. Function of Metallothionein-3 in Neuronal Cells: Do Metal Ions Alter Expression Levels of MT3? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061133. [PMID: 28587098 PMCID: PMC5485957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of factors proposed to affect metallothionein-3 (MT3) function was carried out to elucidate the opaque role MT3 plays in human metalloneurochemistry. Gene expression of Mt2 and Mt3 was examined in tissues extracted from the dentate gyrus of mouse brains and in human neuronal cell cultures. The whole-genome gene expression analysis identified significant variations in the mRNA levels of genes associated with zinc homeostasis, including Mt2 and Mt3. Mt3 was found to be the most differentially expressed gene in the identified groups, pointing to the existence of a factor, not yet identified, that differentially controls Mt3 expression. To examine the expression of the human metallothioneins in neurons, mRNA levels of MT3 and MT2 were compared in BE(2)C and SH-SY5Y cell cultures treated with lead, zinc, cobalt, and lithium. MT2 was highly upregulated by Zn2+ in both cell cultures, while MT3 was not affected, and no other metal had an effect on either MT2 or MT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bousleiman
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Alexa Pinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Sohee Ki
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Angela Su
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Irina Morozova
- Center for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Sergey Kalachikov
- Center for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Amen Wiqas
- Department of Biology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia Health Sciences, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Mary Sever
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rachel Narehood Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mammalian Metallothionein-3: New Functional and Structural Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061117. [PMID: 28538697 PMCID: PMC5485941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein-3 (MT-3), a member of the mammalian metallothionein (MT) family, is mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). MT-3 possesses a unique neuronal growth inhibitory activity, and the levels of this intra- and extracellularly occurring metalloprotein are markedly diminished in the brain of patients affected by a number of metal-linked neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In these pathologies, the redox cycling of copper, accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a key role in the neuronal toxicity. Although MT-3 shares the metal-thiolate clusters with the well-characterized MT-1 and MT-2, it shows distinct biological, structural and chemical properties. Owing to its anti-oxidant properties and modulator function not only for Zn, but also for Cu in the extra- and intracellular space, MT-3, but not MT-1/MT-2, protects neuronal cells from the toxicity of various Cu(II)-bound amyloids. In recent years, the roles of zinc dynamics and MT-3 function in neurodegeneration are slowly emerging. This short review focuses on the recent developments regarding the chemistry and biology of MT-3.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee SJ, Seo BR, Koh JY. Metallothionein-3 modulates the amyloid β endocytosis of astrocytes through its effects on actin polymerization. Mol Brain 2015; 8:84. [PMID: 26637294 PMCID: PMC4670512 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytes may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by clearing extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) through endocytosis and degradation. We recently showed that metallothionein 3 (Mt3), a zinc-binding metallothionein that is enriched in the central nervous system, contributes to actin polymerization in astrocytes. Because actin is likely involved in the endocytosis of Aβ, we investigated the possible role of Mt3 in Aβ endocytosis by cortical astrocytes in this study. Results To assess the route of Aβ uptake, we exposed cultured astrocytes to fluorescently labeled Aβ1–40 or Aβ1–42 together with chloropromazine (CP) or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD), inhibitors of clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis, respectively. CP treatment almost completely blocked Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 endocytosis, whereas exposure to MβCD had no significant effect. Actin disruption with cytochalasin D (CytD) or latrunculin B also completely blocked Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 endocytosis. Because the absence of Mt3 also results in actin disruption, we examined Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 uptake and expression in Mt3−/− astrocytes. Compared with wild-type (WT) cells, Mt3−/− cells exhibited markedly reduced Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 endocytosis and expression of Aβ1-42 monomers and oligomers. A similar reduction was observed in CytD-treated WT cells. Finally, actin disruption and Mt3 knockout each increased the overall levels of clathrin and the associated protein phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) in astrocytes. Conclusions Our results suggest that the absence of Mt3 reduces Aβ uptake in astrocytes through an abnormality in actin polymerization. In light of evidence that Mt3 is downregulated in AD, our findings indicate that this mechanism may contribute to the extracellular accumulation of Aβ in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Jeong Lee
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Present address: Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
| | - Bo-Ra Seo
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Byun HR, Choi JA, Koh JY. The role of metallothionein-3 in streptozotocin-induced beta-islet cell death and diabetes in mice. Metallomics 2015; 6:1748-57. [PMID: 25054451 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein-3 (Mt3), a zinc (Zn)-regulatory protein mainly expressed in the central nervous system, may contribute to oxidative cell death. In the present study, we examined the possible role of Mt3 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced islet cell death and consequent hyperglycemia. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed that islet cells expressed Mt3 mRNA. In all cases, wild-type (WT) mice injected with STZ exhibited hyperglycemia 7-21 days later. In stark contrast, all Mt3-null mice remained normoglycemic following STZ injection. STZ treatment increased free Zn levels in islet cells and induced their death in WT mice, but failed to do so in Mt3-null mice. Consistent with this, cultured Mt3-null islet cells exhibited striking resistance to STZ toxicity. Notably, PDE3a (phosphodiesterase 3A) was downregulated in islets of Mt3-null mice compared to those of WT mice, and was not induced by STZ treatment. Moreover, the PDE3 inhibitor cilostazol reduced islet cell death, likely by increasing cAMP levels, further supporting a role for PDE3 in STZ-induced islet cell death. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Mt3 may act through PDE3a to play a key role in Zn dyshomeostasis and cell death in STZ-treated islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyae-Ran Byun
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tamano H, Minamino T, Fujii H, Takada S, Nakamura M, Ando M, Takeda A. Blockade of intracellular Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus erases recognition memory via impairment of maintained LTP. Hippocampus 2015; 25:952-62. [PMID: 25603776 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is no evidence on the precise role of synaptic Zn2+ signaling on the retention and recall of recognition memory. On the basis of the findings that intracellular Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus is required for object recognition, short-term memory, the present study deals with the effect of spatiotemporally blocking Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus after LTP induction and learning. Three-day-maintained LTP was impaired 1 day after injection of clioquinol into the dentate gyrus, which transiently reduced intracellular Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus. The irreversible impairment was rescued not only by co-injection of ZnCl2 , which ameliorated the loss of Zn2+ signaling, but also by pre-injection of Jasplakinolide, a stabilizer of F-actin, prior to clioquinol injection. Simultaneously, 3-day-old space recognition memory was impaired 1 day after injection of clioquinol into the dentate gyrus, but not by pre-injection of Jasplakinolide. Jasplakinolide also rescued both impairments of 3-day-maintained LTP and 3-day-old memory after injection of ZnAF-2DA into the dentate gyrus, which blocked intracellular Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus. The present paper indicates that the blockade and/or loss of intracellular Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus coincidently impair maintained LTP and recognition memory. The mechanism maintaining LTP via intracellular Zn2+ signaling in dentate granule cells, which may be involved in the formation of F-actin, may retain space recognition memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Minamino
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takada
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Ando
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Takeda A, Fujii H, Minamino T, Tamano H. Intracellular Zn(2+) signaling in cognition. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:819-24. [PMID: 24723300 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain zinc homeostasis is strictly controlled under healthy conditions, indicating the importance of zinc for physiological function in the brain. A part of zinc in the brain exists in the synaptic vesicles, is released from a subclass of glutamatergic neurons (i.e., zincergic neurons), and serves as a signal factor (Zn(2+) signal) in the intracellular (cytosol) compartment as well as in the extracellular compartment. Zn(2+) signaling is dynamically linked to glutamate signaling and may be involved in synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiaion and cognitive activity. In zincergic synapses, intracellular Zn(2+) signaling in the postsynaptic neurons, which is linked to Zn(2+) release from zincergic neuron terminals, plays a role in cognitive activity. When nonzincergic synapses participate in cognition, on the other hand, it is possible that intracellular Zn(2+) signaling, which is due mainly to Zn(2+) release from the internal stores and/or metallothioneins, also is involved in cognitive activity, because zinc-dependent system such as zinc-binding proteins is usually required for cognitive process. Intracellular Zn(2+) dynamics may be modified via an endocrine system activity, glucocorticoid secretion in both zincergic and nonzincergic neurons, which is linked to a long-lasting change in synaptic efficacy. On the basis of the evidence of cognitive decline caused by the lack and/or the blockade of synaptic Zn(2+) signaling, this article summarizes the involvement of intracellular Zn(2+) signaling in zincergic synapses in cognition and a hypothetical involvement of that in nonzincergic synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee SJ, Seo BR, Choi EJ, Koh JY. The role of reciprocal activation of cAbl and Mst1 in the oxidative death of cultured astrocytes. Glia 2014; 62:639-48. [PMID: 24464935 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase Mst1 (mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 1) likely plays a role in oxidative neuronal cell death as a target of its activator, cAbl. We previously found that H2O2-induced death of astrocytes is mediated by cAbl in a metallothionein-3 (Mt3)-dependent manner. In the present study, we examined a possible role for Mst1 in the oxidative death of astrocytes. Treatment of cortical astrocytes with 170 µM H2O2 activated Mst1. Knockdown of Mst1 reduced H2O2-induced cell death, indicating that Mst1 activation contributes to astrocytic cell death. STI571, an inhibitor of cAbl, blocked induction/activation of Mst1 and H2O2-induced cell death. However, Mst1 silencing also inhibited induction/activation of cAbl, suggesting that the two kinases are regulated by a reciprocal activating mechanism. The zinc chelator TPEN blocked induction/activation of cAbl and Mst1, indicating that these phenomena are dependent on the rise of intracellular zinc. Moreover, H2O2 exposure did not increase free zinc levels in Mt3-null astrocytes, suggesting that the increased levels of free zinc were largely from Mt3. Consistent with the involvement of FoxO1/3, which may play a role in the Mst1-cell death cascade, we found an increase in the level of phosphorylated FoxO1/3 in H2O2-treated astrocytes. Moreover, inhibition of cAbl or Mst1 reversed this effect. The present results suggest the interesting possibility that cAbl and Mst1 are reciprocally activated under oxidative stress conditions in astrocytes. Both kinases appear to be regulated by changes in the levels of free zinc originating from Mt3 and contribute to oxidative cell death through a FoxO-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Jeong Lee
- Neural Injury Research Lab, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea; Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Golbabapour S, Gwaram NS, Hassandarvish P, Hajrezaie M, Kamalidehghan B, Abdulla MA, Ali HM, Hadi AHA, Majid NA. Gastroprotection studies of Schiff base zinc (II) derivative complex against acute superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75036. [PMID: 24058648 PMCID: PMC3772879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was carried out to assess the gastroprotective effect of the zinc (II) complex against ethanol-induced acute hemorrhagic lesions in rats. Methodology/Principal Finding The animals received their respective pre-treatments dissolved in tween 20 (5% v/v), orally. Ethanol (95% v/v) was orally administrated to induce superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions. Omeprazole (5.790×10−5 M/kg) was used as a reference medicine. The pre-treatment with the zinc (II) complex (2.181×10−5 and 4.362×10−5 M/kg) protected the gastric mucosa similar to the reference control. They significantly increased the activity levels of nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and prostaglandin E2, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde. The histology assessments confirmed the protection through remarkable reduction of mucosal lesions and increased the production of gastric mucosa. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis indicated that the complex might induced Hsp70 up-regulation and Bax down-regulation. The complex moderately increased the gastroprotectiveness in fine fettle. The acute toxicity approved the non-toxic characteristic of the complex (<87.241×10−5 M/kg). Conclusion/Significance The gastroprotective effect of the zinc (II) complex was mainly through its antioxidant activity, enzymatic stimulation of prostaglandins E2, and up-regulation of Hsp70. The gastric wall mucus was also a remarkable protective mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Golbabapour
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. Hamid A Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|