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Sarmasti Emami S, Ge A, Zhang D, Hao Y, Ling M, Rubino R, Nicol CJB, Wang W, Yang X. Identification of PTPN12 Phosphatase as a Novel Negative Regulator of Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP/TAZ in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4064. [PMID: 38612874 PMCID: PMC11012486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays crucial roles in governing various biological processes during tumorigenesis and metastasis. Within this pathway, upstream signaling stimuli activate a core kinase cascade, involving MST1/2 and LATS1/2, that subsequently phosphorylates and inhibits the transcriptional co-activators YAP and its paralog TAZ. This inhibition modulates the transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes, impacting cell proliferation, migration, and death. Despite the acknowledged significance of protein kinases in the Hippo pathway, the regulatory influence of protein phosphatases remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted the first gain-of-functional screen for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulating the Hippo pathway. Utilizing a LATS kinase biosensor (LATS-BS), a YAP/TAZ activity reporter (STBS-Luc), and a comprehensive PTP library, we identified numerous novel PTPs that play regulatory roles in the Hippo pathway. Subsequent experiments validated PTPN12, a master regulator of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), as a previously unrecognized negative regulator of the Hippo pathway effectors, oncogenic YAP/TAZ, influencing breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our findings offer valuable insights into the roles of PTPs in the Hippo signaling pathway, significantly contributing to our understanding of breast cancer biology and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sarmasti Emami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Anni Ge
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Derek Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Yawei Hao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Min Ling
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Rachel Rubino
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Christopher J. B. Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA;
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Xie L, Zhou Y, Zhong Z, Ding J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Yu F, Wu J. JCAD deficiency delayed liver regenerative repair through the Hippo-YAP signalling pathway. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1630. [PMID: 38509842 PMCID: PMC10955226 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver regeneration retardation post partial hepatectomy (PH) is a common clinical problem after liver transplantation. Identification of key regulators in liver regeneration post PH may be beneficial for clinically improving the prognosis of patients after liver transplantation. This study aimed to clarify the function of junctional protein-associated with coronary artery disease (JCAD) in liver regeneration post PH and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. METHODS JCAD knockout (JCAD-KO), liver-specific JCAD-KO (Jcad△Hep) mice and their control group were subjected to 70% PH. RNA sequencing was conducted to unravel the related signalling pathways. Primary hepatocytes from KO mice were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to evaluate DNA replication. Fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) live-imaging system was used to visualise the phases of cell cycle. RESULTS Both global and liver-specific JCAD deficiency postponed liver regeneration after PH as indicated by reduced gene expression of cell cycle transition and DNA replication. Prolonged retention in G1 phase and failure to transition over the cell cycle checkpoint in JCAD-KO cell line was indicated by a FUCCI live-imaging system as well as pharmacologic blockage. JCAD replenishment by adenovirus reversed the impaired DNA synthesis in JCAD-KO primary hepatocyte in exposure to EGF, which was abrogated by a Yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibitor, verteporfin. Mechanistically, JCAD competed with large tumour suppressor 2 (LATS2) for WWC1 interaction, leading to LATS2 inhibition and thereafter YAP activation, and enhanced expression of cell cycle-associated genes. CONCLUSION JCAD deficiency led to delayed regeneration after PH as a result of blockage in cell cycle progression through the Hippo-YAP signalling pathway. These findings uncovered novel functions of JCAD and suggested a potential strategy for improving graft growth and function post liver transplantation. KEY POINTS JCAD deficiency leads to an impaired liver growth after PH due to cell division blockage. JCAD competes with LATS2 for WWC1 interaction, resulting in LATS2 inhibition, YAP activation and enhanced expression of cell cycle-associated genes. Delineation of JCADHippoYAP signalling pathway would facilitate to improve prognosis of acute liver failure and graft growth in living-donor liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yong‐Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenxing Zhong
- Institute of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Jia Ding
- Jing'an Central District HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Li Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Xiu‐Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fa‐Xing Yu
- Institute of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyZhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Liver DiseasesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
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Höffken V, Di Persio S, Laurentino S, Wyrwoll MJ, Terwort N, Hermann A, Röpke A, Oud MS, Wistuba J, Kliesch S, Pavenstädt HJ, Tüttelmann F, Neuhaus N, Kremerskothen J. WWC2 expression in the testis: Implications for spermatogenesis and male fertility. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22912. [PMID: 37086090 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200960r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The family of WWC proteins is known to regulate cell proliferation and organ growth control via the Hippo signaling pathway. As WWC proteins share a similar domain structure and a common set of interacting proteins, they are supposed to fulfill compensatory functions in cells and tissues. While all three WWC family members WWC1, WWC2, and WWC3 are found co-expressed in most human organs including lung, brain, kidney, and liver, in the testis only WWC2 displays a relatively high expression. In this study, we investigated the testicular WWC2 expression in spermatogenesis and male fertility. We show that the Wwc2 mRNA expression level in mouse testes is increased during development in parallel with germ cell proliferation and differentiation. The cellular expression of each individual WWC family member was evaluated in published single-cell mRNA datasets of murine and human testes demonstrating a high WWC2 expression predominantly in early spermatocytes. In line with this, immunohistochemistry revealed cytosolic WWC2 protein expression in primary spermatocytes from human testes displaying full spermatogenesis. In accordance with these findings, markedly lower WWC2 expression levels were detected in testicular tissues from mice and men lacking germ cells. Finally, analysis of whole-exome sequencing data of male patients affected by infertility and unexplained severe spermatogenic failure revealed several heterozygous, rare WWC2 gene variants with a proposed damaging function and putative impact on WWC2 protein structure. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the testicular expression of WWC2 and show its cell-specific expression in spermatocytes. As rare WWC2 variants were identified in the background of disturbed spermatogenesis, WWC2 may be a novel candidate gene for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Höffken
- Institute of Molecular Nephrology, Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sara Di Persio
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sandra Laurentino
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Margot J Wyrwoll
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Terwort
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anke Hermann
- Institute of Molecular Nephrology, Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Röpke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manon S Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Wistuba
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann J Pavenstädt
- Institute of Molecular Nephrology, Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Neuhaus
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Kremerskothen
- Institute of Molecular Nephrology, Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Brauer BL, Wiredu K, Gerber SA, Kettenbach AN. Evaluation of Quantification and Normalization Strategies for Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Affinity Proteomics: Application to Breast Cancer Signaling. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:47-61. [PMID: 36448918 PMCID: PMC10625046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of proteomics data is essential for revealing and understanding biological signaling processes. We have recently developed a chemical proteomic strategy termed phosphatase inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (PIB-MS) to investigate endogenous phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) dephosphorylation signaling. Here, we compare the robustness and reproducibility of status quo quantification methods for optimal performance and ease of implementation. We then apply PIB-MS to an array of breast cancer cell lines to determine differences in PPP signaling between subtypes. Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer death in women, consists of three main subtypes: estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor two positive (HER2+), and triple-negative (TNBC). Although there are effective treatment strategies for ER+ and HER2+ subtypes, tumors become resistant and progress. Furthermore, TNBC has few targeted therapies. Therefore, there is a need to identify new approaches for treating breast cancers. Using PIB-MS, we distinguished TNBC from non-TNBC based on subtype-specific PPP holoenzyme composition. In addition, we identified an increase in PPP interactions with Hippo pathway proteins in TNBC. These interactions suggest that phosphatases in TNBC play an inhibitory role on the Hippo pathway and correlate with increased expression of YAP/TAZ target genes both in TNBC cell lines and in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Kwame Wiredu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
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Lv J, Xiao J, Jia Q, Meng X, Yang Z, Pu S, Li M, Yu T, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu L, Li Z, Chen X, Yang H, Li Y, Qiao M, Duan A, Shao H, Li B. Identification of key pathways and genes in the progression of silicosis based on WGCNA. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:304-318. [PMID: 35913820 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis, induced by inhaling silica particles in workplaces, is one of the most common occupational diseases. The prognosis of silicosis and its consequent fibrosis is extremely poor due to limited treatment modalities and lack of understanding of the disease mechanisms. In this study, a Wistar rat model for silicosis fibrosis was established by intratracheal instillation of silica (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/mL, 1 mL) with the evidence of Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Masson staining and the expressions of inflammatory and fibrotic proteins of rats' lung tissues. RNA of lung tissues of rats exposed to 200 mg/mL silica particles and normal saline for 14 d and 28 d was extracted and sequenced to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to identify silicosis fibrosis-associated modules and hub genes by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Predictions of gene functions and signaling pathways were conducted using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. In this study, it has been demonstrated the promising role of the Hippo signaling pathway in silicosis fibrosis, which will be conducive to elucidating the specific mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica and to determining molecular initiating event (MIE) and adverse outcome pathway (AOP) of silicosis fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Pu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongsheng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Li
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyun Qiao
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Airu Duan
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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7
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Kim CL, Lim SB, Kim K, Jeong HS, Mo JS. Phosphorylation analysis of the Hippo-YAP pathway using Phos-tag. J Proteomics 2022; 261:104582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xiao Y, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Cancer: A Cell Cycle Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246214. [PMID: 34944834 PMCID: PMC8699626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is increasingly viewed as a cell cycle disease in that the dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a common feature in cancer. The Hippo signaling pathway consists of a core kinase cascade as well as extended regulators, which together control organ size and tissue homeostasis. The aberrant expression of cell cycle regulators and/or Hippo pathway components contributes to cancer development, and for this reason, we specifically focus on delineating the roles of the Hippo pathway in the cell cycle. Improving our understanding of the Hippo pathway from a cell cycle perspective could be used as a powerful weapon in the cancer battlefield. Abstract Cell cycle progression is an elaborate process that requires stringent control for normal cellular function. Defects in cell cycle control, however, contribute to genomic instability and have become a characteristic phenomenon in cancers. Over the years, advancement in the understanding of disrupted cell cycle regulation in tumors has led to the development of powerful anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of cell cycle dysregulation in cancers could provide therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator network that controls organ size, and its dysregulation is implicated in various types of cancers. Although the role of the Hippo pathway in oncogenesis has been widely investigated, its role in cell cycle regulation has not been comprehensively scrutinized. Here, we specifically focus on delineating the involvement of the Hippo pathway in cell cycle regulation. To that end, we first compare the structural as well as functional conservation of the core Hippo pathway in yeasts, flies, and mammals. Then, we detail the multi-faceted aspects in which the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and their regulators affect the cell cycle, particularly with regard to the regulation of E2F activity, the G1 tetraploidy checkpoint, DNA synthesis, DNA damage checkpoint, centrosome dynamics, and mitosis. Finally, we briefly discuss how a collective understanding of cell cycle regulation and the Hippo pathway could be weaponized in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +402-559-5596; Fax: +402-559-4651
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Swaroop B SS, Kanumuri R, Ezhil I, Naidu Sampangi JK, Kremerskothen J, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. KIBRA connects Hippo signaling and cancer. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112613. [PMID: 33901448 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a tumor suppressor pathway that plays an important role in tissue homeostasis and organ size control. KIBRA is one of the many upstream regulators of the Hippo pathway. It functions as a tumor suppressor by positively regulating the core Hippo kinase cascade. However, there are accumulating shreds of evidence showing that KIBRA has an oncogenic function, which we speculate may arise from its functions away from the Hippo pathway. In this review, we have attempted to provide an overview of the Hippo signaling with a special emphasis on evidence showing the paradoxical role of KIBRA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Swamy Swaroop B
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inemai Ezhil
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagadeesh Kumar Naidu Sampangi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joachim Kremerskothen
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zeng R, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Drug Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020318. [PMID: 33467099 PMCID: PMC7830227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although great breakthroughs have been made in cancer treatment following the development of targeted therapy and immune therapy, resistance against anti-cancer drugs remains one of the most challenging conundrums. Considerable effort has been made to discover the underlying mechanisms through which malignant tumor cells acquire or develop resistance to anti-cancer treatment. The Hippo signaling pathway appears to play an important role in this process. This review focuses on how components in the human Hippo signaling pathway contribute to drug resistance in a variety of cancer types. This article also summarizes current pharmacological interventions that are able to target the Hippo signaling pathway and serve as potential anti-cancer therapeutics. Abstract Chemotherapy represents one of the most efficacious strategies to treat cancer patients, bringing advantageous changes at least temporarily even to those patients with incurable malignancies. However, most patients respond poorly after a certain number of cycles of treatment due to the development of drug resistance. Resistance to drugs administrated to cancer patients greatly limits the benefits that patients can achieve and continues to be a severe clinical difficulty. Among the mechanisms which have been uncovered to mediate anti-cancer drug resistance, the Hippo signaling pathway is gaining increasing attention due to the remarkable oncogenic activities of its components (for example, YAP and TAZ) and their druggable properties. This review will highlight current understanding of how the Hippo signaling pathway regulates anti-cancer drug resistance in tumor cells, and currently available pharmacological interventions targeting the Hippo pathway to eradicate malignant cells and potentially treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-559-5596; Fax: +1-402-559-4651
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11
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Virnicchi G, Bora P, Gahurova L, Šušor A, Bruce AW. Wwc2 Is a Novel Cell Division Regulator During Preimplantation Mouse Embryo Lineage Formation and Oogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:857. [PMID: 33042987 PMCID: PMC7527741 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of the hatching mouse blastocyst marks the end of preimplantation development, whereby previous cell cleavages culminate in the formation of three distinct cell lineages (trophectoderm, primitive endoderm and epiblast). We report that dysregulated expression of Wwc2, a genetic paralog of Kibra/Wwc1 (a known activator of Hippo-signaling, a key pathway during preimplantation development), is specifically associated with cell autonomous deficits in embryo cell number and cell division abnormalities. Division phenotypes are also observed during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation, as Wwc2 dysregulation blocks progression to the stage of meiosis II metaphase (MII) arrest and is associated with spindle defects and failed Aurora-A kinase (AURKA) activation. Oocyte and embryo cell division defects, each occurring in the absence of centrosomes, are fully reversible by expression of recombinant HA-epitope tagged WWC2, restoring activated oocyte AURKA levels. Additionally, clonal embryonic dysregulation implicates Wwc2 in maintaining the pluripotent epiblast lineage. Thus, Wwc2 is a novel regulator of meiotic and early mitotic cell divisions, and mouse blastocyst cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Virnicchi
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Pablo Bora
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Lenka Gahurova
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czechia
| | - Andrej Šušor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czechia
| | - Alexander W. Bruce
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
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Sarmasti Emami S, Zhang D, Yang X. Interaction of the Hippo Pathway and Phosphatases in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2438. [PMID: 32867200 PMCID: PMC7564220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an emerging tumor suppressor signaling pathway involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Dysregulation of different components of the Hippo signaling pathway is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Therefore, identification of the Hippo pathway regulators and the underlying mechanism of its regulation may be useful to uncover new therapeutics for cancer therapy. The Hippo signaling pathway includes a set of kinases that phosphorylate different proteins in order to phosphorylate and inactivate its main downstream effectors, YAP and TAZ. Thus, modulating phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the Hippo components by kinases and phosphatases play critical roles in the regulation of the signaling pathway. While information regarding kinase regulation of the Hippo pathway is abundant, the role of phosphatases in regulating this pathway is just beginning to be understood. In this review, we summarize the most recent reports on the interaction of phosphatases and the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis. We have also introduced challenges in clarifying the role of phosphatases in the Hippo pathway and future direction of crosstalk between phosphatases and the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (D.Z.)
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13
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of protein kinase N1 promotes anchorage-independent growth and migration. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109546. [PMID: 31981797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase N1 (PKN1) is a member of the protein kinase C superfamily. Aberrations of PKN1 kinase activity are involved in several human pathological processes, including cancer. We found that PKN family proteins (PKN1/2/3) are phosphorylated in response to antitubulin drug-induced mitotic arrest. We identified cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as the corresponding kinase for PKN protein phosphorylation. CDK1 phosphorylates PKN1 at S533, S537, S562, and S916 in vitro and in cells during drug-induced mitotic arrest. Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that PKN1 phosphorylation occurs during normal mitosis in a CDK1-dependent manner. Knockdown of PKN1 significantly inhibited anchorage-independent growth and migration without affecting proliferation in multiple cancer cell lines. We further showed that mitotic phosphorylation is essential for PKN1's oncogenic function, as the non-phosphorylatable mutant PKN1-4A failed to rescue anchorage-independent growth and migration in PKN1-knockdown cells. Thus, our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for PKN1 in mitosis and its role in tumorigenesis.
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Song L, Tang S, Dong L, Han X, Cong L, Dong J, Han X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Du Y. The Neuroprotection of KIBRA in Promoting Neuron Survival and Against Amyloid β-Induced Apoptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:137. [PMID: 31031595 PMCID: PMC6473163 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent research has identified the nucleotide polymorphisms of KIdney and BRAin expressed protein (KIBRA) to be associated with cognitive performance, suggesting its vital role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying molecular mechanism of KIBRA in AD remains obscure. Methods: The AD animal model (APP/PS1 transgenic mice) and KIBRA knockout (KIBRA KO) mice were used to investigate pathophysiological changes of KIBRA in vivo. Mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) was used to explore its molecular mechanism through KIBRA CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA system and KIBRA overexpression lentivirus in vitro. Results: Aged APP/PS1 mice displayed increased neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, as did KIBRA KO mice. KIBRA deficiency was closely related to neuronal loss in the brain. In addition, knockdown of KIBRA in neuronal cell lines suppressed its growth and elevated apoptosis-associated protein levels under the stress of Aβ1–42 oligomers. On the contrary, overexpression of KIBRA significantly promoted cell proliferation and reduced its apoptosis. Moreover, through screening several survival-related signaling pathways, we found that KIBRA inhibited apoptosis by activating the Akt pathway other than ERK or PKC pathways, which was further confirmed by Akt-specific inhibitor MK2206. Conclusion: Our data indicate that KIBRA may function as a neuroprotective gene in promoting neuron survival and inhibiting Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Department of Neurology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jixin Dong
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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KIBRA Team Up with Partners to Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:627-634. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Zhou J, Zhang L, Zhou W, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Dong J. LIMD1 phosphorylation in mitosis is required for mitotic progression and its tumor-suppressing activity. FEBS J 2019; 286:963-974. [PMID: 30600590 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
LIM domains containing 1 (LIMD1) is a member of the Zyxin family proteins and functions as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer. LIMD1 has been shown to regulate Hippo-YAP signaling activity. Here, we report a novel regulatory mechanism for LIMD1. We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) phosphorylate LIMD1 in vitro and in cells during anti-tubulin drug-induced mitotic arrest. Phosphorylation also occurs during normal mitosis. S272, S277, S421, and S424 were identified as the main phosphorylation sites in LIMD1. Deletion of LIMD1 resulted in a shortened mitotic cell cycle and phosphorylation of LIMD1 is required for proper mitotic progression. We further showed that the phosphorylation-deficient mutant LIMD1-4A is less active in suppressing cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, cell migration, and invasion in lung cancer cells. Together, our findings suggest that LIMD1 is a key regulator of mitotic progression, and that dysregulation of LIMD1 contributes to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuli Zhou
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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17
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Wang Z, Chen X, Zhong MZ, Yang S, Zhou J, Klinkebiel DL, Karpf AR, Chen Y, Dong J. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of YES links mitotic arrest and apoptosis during antitubulin chemotherapy. Cell Signal 2018; 52:137-146. [PMID: 30223016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
YES is a member of the SRC family kinase (SFK) group of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, which are implicated in multiple key cellular processes involved in oncogenesis. Antitubulin agents have been widely used as chemotherapeutics for cancer patients and these drugs arrest cells in mitosis, leading to subsequent cell death. In the present study, we define a mechanism for phospho-regulation of YES that is critical for its role in response to antitubulin agents. Specifically, we found that YES is phosphorylated at multiple sites on its N-terminal unique domain by the cell cycle kinase CDK1 during antitubulin drug-induced mitotic arrest. Phosphorylation of YES occurs during normal mitosis. Deletion of YES causes arrest in prometaphase and polyploidy in a p53-independent manner. We further show that YES regulates antitubulin chemosensitivity. Importantly, mitotic phosphorylation is essential for these effects. In support of our findings, we found that YES expression is high in recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Finally, through expression profiling, we documented that YES phosphorylation affects expression of multiple cell cycle regulators. Collectively, our results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for controlling the activity of YES during antitubulin chemotherapeutic treatment and suggest YES as a potential target for the treatment of antitubulin-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Xingcheng Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Mei-Zuo Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Shuping Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Jiuli Zhou
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - David L Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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18
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Zyxin promotes colon cancer tumorigenesis in a mitotic phosphorylation-dependent manner and through CDK8-mediated YAP activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6760-E6769. [PMID: 29967145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800621115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zyxin is a member of the focal adhesion complex and plays a critical role in actin filament polymerization and cell motility. Several recent studies showed that Zyxin is a positive regulator of Yki/YAP (Yes-associated protein) signaling. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which Zyxin itself is regulated and how Zyxin affects Hippo-YAP activity. We first showed that Zyxin is phosphorylated by CDK1 during mitosis. Depletion of Zyxin resulted in significantly impaired colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation in xenograft animal models. Mitotic phosphorylation is required for Zyxin activity in promoting growth. Zyxin regulates YAP activity through the colon cancer oncogene CDK8. CDK8 knockout phenocopied Zyxin knockdown in colon cancer cells, while ectopic expression of CDK8 substantially restored the tumorigenic defects of Zyxin-depletion cells. Mechanistically, we showed that CDK8 directly phosphorylated YAP and promoted its activation. Fully activated YAP is required to support the growth in CDK8-knockout colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Together, these observations suggest that Zyxin promotes colon cancer tumorigenesis in a mitotic-phosphorylation-dependent manner and through CDK8-mediated YAP activation.
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Liu F, Wang G, Wang X, Che Z, Dong W, Guo X, Wang Z, Chen P, Hou D, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Pan Y, Yang D, Liu H. Targeting high Aurora kinases expression as an innovative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27953-27965. [PMID: 28427193 PMCID: PMC5438621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora kinases A and B control tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting proliferation and metastasis, however, it remains unknown whether Aurora A and B overexpressed concomitantly and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we obsearved Aurora A and B tended to overexpress parallelly on protein level (r = 0.8679, P < 0.0001) and their co-overexpression (Aurora AHBH), associated with the worst prognosis, was an independent predictor for the survival. Importantly, with the lower IC50 and stronger anti-tumor effect than selective inhibitors, SNS-314, the pan-inhibitor of Aurora kinases, which induced YAP (Yes-associated protein) reduction and resulted in P21 accumulation, significantly promoted the polyploidy (> 4N) formation and apoptosis in HCC. High YAP expression (YAPH) was associated with Aurora AHBH, and appeared to be an independent predictor for survival, but P21 not. Moreover, silencing YAP also induced P21 accumulation, and knockdown P21, which enhanced YAP accumulation and weakened the SNS-314-induced YAP reduction, impaired SNS-314-induced apoptosis. Therefore, P21 enhanced the apoptotic effect of SNS-314 in HCC. Taken together, our findings indicated Aurora kinases/YAP/P21 was an oncogenic signaling axis in HCC, and revealed targeting Aurora AHBH induced apoptosis by YAP suppression. Our results also provided a solid evidence for SNS-314 as a potential targeted therapy, and a proof-of-concept evidence for a possible combined therapy of SNS-314 plus Hippo pathway inhibitors on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchen Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangyong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 411 Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200081, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhihui Che
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinggang Guo
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daisen Hou
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yida Pan
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Chen B, Liu G. WWC3 inhibits intimal proliferation following vascular injury via the Hippo signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5175-5183. [PMID: 29393412 PMCID: PMC5865984 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is involved in the formation and development of the cardiovascular system. In the present study, the effects of WWC family member 3 (WWC3) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) following injury were investigated, in addition to the associated mechanisms underlying this process. Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) was used as a cell injury factor, and rats with balloon injuries were used as a model of carotid intimal injury. Furthermore, the expression levels of WWC3 in VSMCs and arteries post-injury were investigated, in addition to the effect of WWC3 on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. The results demonstrated that following injury, WWC3 expression was suppressed in VSMCs and the rat carotid artery, and the activity of the Hippo signaling pathway was significantly downregulated. In addition, the expression of YY1-associated protein-1 (YAP) and a number of its downstream target genes, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), were enhanced, thus enhancing the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Knockdown of WWC3 suppressed the levels of large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) expression and YAP phosphorylation, and the expression of YAP, CTGF and cyclin E was subsequently enhanced, thus promoting cell proliferation and migration. Similar results were obtained following overexpression of WWC3. Treatment with PDGF-BB was revealed to suppress the proliferation and migration of VSMCs transfected with the WWC3 plasmid, compared with VSMCs transfected with an empty vector. The present study demonstrated that WWC3 may interact with LATS1 in order to upregulate the Hippo signaling pathway via co-immunoprecipitation and enhancement of the phosphorylation of LATS1, in addition to the corresponding suppression of the nuclear import of YAP. However, VSMCs transfected with WWC3 plasmid with a deletion of the WW domain fail to exhibit this effect. These results suggested that WWC3 expression is downregulated in VSMCs during neointimal hyperplasia following injury (PDGF-BB stimulation or balloon injury). WWC3 upregulates the activity of the Hippo signaling pathway, and weakens the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggested that WWC3 may interact with LATS1 to promote the phosphorylation of YAP and reduce its nuclear translocation, upregulate the activity of the Hippo pathway, and suppress the proliferation and migration of VSMCs following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guinan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Zeng Y, Stauffer S, Zhou J, Chen X, Chen Y, Dong J. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)-mediated mitotic phosphorylation of the transcriptional co-repressor Vgll4 inhibits its tumor-suppressing activity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15028-15038. [PMID: 28739871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.796284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays important roles in stem cell biology, tissue homeostasis, and cancer development. Vestigial-like 4 (Vgll4) functions as a transcriptional co-repressor in the Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway. Vgll4 inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth by competing with YAP for binding to TEA-domain proteins (TEADs). However, the mechanisms by which Vgll4 itself is regulated are unclear. Here we identified a mechanism that regulates Vgll4's tumor-suppressing function. We found that Vgll4 is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) during antimitotic drug-induced mitotic arrest and also in normal mitosis. We further identified Ser-58, Ser-155, Thr-159, and Ser-280 as the main mitotic phosphorylation sites in Vgll4. We also noted that the nonphosphorylatable mutant Vgll4-4A (S58A/S155A/T159A/S280A) suppressed tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo to a greater extent than did wild-type Vgll4, suggesting that mitotic phosphorylation inhibits Vgll4's tumor-suppressive activity. Consistent with these observations, the Vgll4-4A mutant possessed higher-binding affinity to TEAD1 than wild-type Vgll4. Interestingly, Vgll4 and Vgll4-4A markedly suppressed YAP and β-catenin signaling activity. Together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for Vgll4 regulation in mitosis and its role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Zeng
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and
| | - Seth Stauffer
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and
| | - Jiuli Zhou
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and
| | - Xingcheng Chen
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | - Jixin Dong
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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Anuj, Arivazhagan L, Surabhi RP, Kanakarajan A, Sundaram S, Pitani RS, Mudduwa L, Kremerskothen J, Venkatraman G, Rayala SK. KIBRA attains oncogenic activity by repressing RASSF1A. Br J Cancer 2017:bjc2017192. [PMID: 28664913 PMCID: PMC5558681 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KIBRA-initially identified as a neuronal associated protein is now shown to be functionally associated with other tissue types as well. KIBRA interacts with dyenin light chain 1 and this interaction is essential for oestrogen receptor transactivation in breast cancer cells. KIBRA as a substrate of Cdk1, Aurora kinase and ERK plays an important role in regulating cell cycle, cell proliferation and migration. Despite these evidences, the exact role of KIBRA in cancer progression is not known. METHODS We studied the expression of KIBRA in breast tissues and breast cancer cell lines by western blotting, immunohistochemisry (IHC) and RT-PCR. Stable over expression and knockdown clones were generated to study the transforming properties of KIBRA by conventional assays. Xenograft studies were performed in nude mice to study the in vivo tumourigenic efficacy of KIBRA. qPCR array was performed to understand the molecular mechanism behind oncogenic activity of KIBRA. RESULTS Our results showed that KIBRA is upregulated in breast cancer cells and in malignant human breast tumours by both western blotting and IHC. Interestingly, we found that KIBRA expression level goes up with increase in breast cancer progression in well-established MCF10A model system. Further, results from stable overexpression clones of KIBRA in fibroblasts (Rat-1) and epithelial breast cancer cells (ZR75) and lentiviral short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown (KD) clones of KIBRA in ZR75 showed increase in transforming properties with KIBRA overexpression and vice-versa. Results also showed that fibroblasts stably overexpressing KIBRA showed increased tumourigenic potential in nude mice. By adopting a quantitative PCR array-based approach, we identified RASSF1A, a tumour suppressor, as a transcriptional target of KIBRA. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the in vivo tumourigenic property of KIBRA in a nude mouse model and also unravel the underlying molecular mechanism of KIBRA-mediated transformation via repression of RASSF1A.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 29 June 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.192 www.bjcancer.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Lakshmi Arivazhagan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Rohan Prasad Surabhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Pathology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Pitani
- Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Lakmini Mudduwa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka
| | - Joachim Kremerskothen
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Departments of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India
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23
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Paziewska A, Habior A, Rogowska A, Zych W, Goryca K, Karczmarski J, Dabrowska M, Ambrozkiewicz F, Walewska-Zielecka B, Krawczyk M, Cichoz-Lach H, Milkiewicz P, Kowalik A, Mucha K, Raczynska J, Musialik J, Boryczka G, Wasilewicz M, Ciecko-Michalska I, Ferenc M, Janiak M, Kanikowska A, Stankiewicz R, Hartleb M, Mach T, Grzymislawski M, Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Wunsch E, Bobinski T, Mikula M, Ostrowski J. A novel approach to genome-wide association analysis identifies genetic associations with primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis in Polish patients. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:2. [PMID: 28056976 PMCID: PMC5217265 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are forms of hepatic autoimmunity, and risk for both diseases has a strong genetic component. This study aimed to define the genetic architecture of PBC and PSC within the Polish population. Methods Subjects were 443 women with PBC, 120 patients with PSC, and 934 healthy controls recruited from Gastroenterology Departments in various Polish hospitals. Allelotyping employed a pooled-DNA sample-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach, using Illumina Human Omni2.5-Exome BeadChips and the following novel selection criteria for risk loci: blocks of at least 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strong linkage disequilibrium, where the distance between each adjacent SNP pair in the block was less than 30 kb, and each SNP was associated with disease at a significance level of P < 0.005. A selected index SNP from each block was validated using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Results Nineteen and twenty-one SNPs were verified as associated with PBC and PSC, respectively, by individual genotyping; 19 (10/9, PBC/PSC) SNPs reached a stringent (corrected) significance threshold and a further 21 (9/12, PBC/PSC) reached a nominal level of significance (P < 0.05 with odds ratio (OR) > 1.2 or < 0.83), providing suggestive evidence of association. The SNPs mapped to seven (1p31.3, 3q13, 6p21, 7q32.1, 11q23.3, 17q12, 19q13.33) and one (6p21) chromosome region previously associated with PBC and PSC, respectively. The SNP, rs35730843, mapping to the POLR2G gene promoter (P = 1.2 × 10-5, OR = 0.39) demonstrated the highest effect size, and was protective for PBC, whereas for PSC respective SNPs were: rs13191240 in the intron of ADGRB3 gene (P = 0.0095, OR = 0.2) and rs3822659 (P = 0.0051, OR = 0.236) along with rs9686714 (P = 0.00077, OR = 0.2), both located in the WWC1 gene. Conclusions Our cost-effective GWAS approach followed by individual genotyping confirmed several previously identified associations and discovered new susceptibility loci associated with PBC and/or PSC in Polish patients. However, further functional studies are warranted to understand the roles of these newly identified variants in the development of the two disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-016-0239-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Habior
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rogowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Zych
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Dabrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Walewska-Zielecka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Krawczyk
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Department of General, Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Raczynska
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Musialik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Boryczka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Wasilewicz
- Department of General, Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Ciecko-Michalska
- Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Ferenc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Janiak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Kanikowska
- Department of Internal and Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafal Stankiewicz
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Hartleb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mach
- Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marian Grzymislawski
- Department of Internal and Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Raszeja-Wyszomirska
- Department of General, Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bobinski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial Hospital, Ostroleka, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
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Chen X, Chen Y, Dong J. MST2 phosphorylation at serine 385 in mitosis inhibits its tumor suppressing activity. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1826-1832. [PMID: 27566175 PMCID: PMC5067232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) are core tumor suppressors in the Hippo signaling pathway. MST1/2 have been shown to regulate mitotic progression. Here, we report a novel mechanism for phospho-regulation of MST2 in mitosis and its biological significance in cancer. We found that the mitotic kinase cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylates MST2 in vitro and in vivo at serine 385 during antimitotic drug-induced G2/M phase arrest. This phosphorylation occurs transiently during unperturbed mitosis. Mitotic phosphorylation of MST2 does not affect its kinase activity or Hippo-YAP signaling. We further showed that mitotic phosphorylation-deficient mutant MST2-S385A possesses higher activity in suppressing cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. Together, our findings reveal a novel layer of regulation for MST2 in mitosis and its role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, United States; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, United States
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, United States.
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25
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Active YAP promotes pancreatic cancer cell motility, invasion and tumorigenesis in a mitotic phosphorylation-dependent manner through LPAR3. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36019-31. [PMID: 26440309 PMCID: PMC4742158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein, YAP, is a main effector in the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. We recently defined a mechanism for positive regulation of YAP through CDK1-mediated mitotic phosphorylation. Here, we show that active YAP promotes pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth in a mitotic phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mitotic phosphorylation is essential for YAP-driven tumorigenesis in animals. YAP reduction significantly impairs cell migration and invasion. Immunohistochemistry shows significant upregulation and nuclear localization of YAP in metastases when compared with primary tumors and normal tissue in human. Mitotic phosphorylation of YAP controls a unique transcriptional program in pancreatic cells. Expression profiles reveal LPAR3 (lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3) as a mediator for mitotic phosphorylation-driven pancreatic cell motility and invasion. Together, this work identifies YAP as a novel regulator of pancreatic cancer cell motility, invasion and metastasis, and as a potential therapeutic target for invasive pancreatic cancer.
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26
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Aurora A kinase activates YAP signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:1265-1275. [PMID: 27593935 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an effector that transduces the output of the Hippo pathway to transcriptional modulation. Considering the role of YAP in cancers, this protein has emerged as a key node in malignancy development. In this study, we determined that Aurora A kinase acts as a positive regulator for YAP-mediated transcriptional machinery. Specifically, YAP associates with Aurora A predominantly in the nucleus. Activation of Aurora A can impinge on YAP activity through direct phosphorylation. Moreover, aberrant expression of YAP and Aurora A signaling is highly correlated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We herein provide evidence to establish the functional relevance of this newly discovered regulatory axis in TNBC.
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27
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Zhang L, Chen X, Stauffer S, Yang S, Chen Y, Dong J. CDK1 phosphorylation of TAZ in mitosis inhibits its oncogenic activity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31399-412. [PMID: 26375055 PMCID: PMC4741614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a downstream effector of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, which plays important roles in cancer and stem cell biology. Hippo signaling inactivates TAZ through phosphorylation (mainly at S89). In the current study, we define a new layer of regulation of TAZ activity that is critical for its oncogenic function. We found that TAZ is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by the mitotic kinase CDK1 at S90, S105, T326, and T346 during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, mitotic phosphorylation inactivates TAZ oncogenic activity, as the non-phosphorylatable mutant (TAZ-S89A/S90A/S105A/T326A/T346A, TAZ-5A) possesses higher activity in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anchorage-independent growth, cell migration, and invasion when compared to the TAZ-S89A mutant. Accordingly, TAZ-5A has higher transcriptional activity compared to the TAZ-S89A mutant. Finally, we show that TAZ-S89A or TAZ-5A (to a greater extent) was sufficient to induce spindle and centrosome defects, and chromosome misalignment/missegregation in immortalized epithelial cells. Together, our results reveal a previously unrecognized connection between TAZ oncogenicity and mitotic phospho-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xingcheng Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Seth Stauffer
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shuping Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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28
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Chen X, Stauffer S, Chen Y, Dong J. Ajuba Phosphorylation by CDK1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14761-72. [PMID: 27226586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.722751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies identified the adaptor protein Ajuba as a positive regulator of Yes-associated protein (YAP) oncogenic activity through inhibiting large tumor suppressor (Lats1/2) core kinases of the Hippo pathway, a signaling pathway that plays important roles in cancer. In this study, we define a novel mechanism for phospho-regulation of Ajuba in mitosis and its biological significance in cancer. We found that Ajuba is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) at Ser(119) and Ser(175) during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic phosphorylation of Ajuba controls the expression of multiple cell cycle regulators; however, it does not affect Hippo signaling activity, nor does it induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We further showed that mitotic phosphorylation of Ajuba is sufficient to promote cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo Collectively, our discoveries reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for Ajuba regulation in mitosis and its role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Chen
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Seth Stauffer
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
| | - Jixin Dong
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
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29
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Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of the DNA Damage Response of Adaptor Protein KIBRA in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1354-65. [PMID: 26929199 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01004-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional adaptor proteins encompassing various protein-protein interaction domains play a central role in the DNA damage response pathway. In this report, we show that KIBRA is a physiologically interacting reversible substrate of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. We identified the site of phosphorylation in KIBRA as threonine 1006, which is embedded within the serine/threonine (S/T) Q consensus motif, by site-directed mutagenesis, and we further confirmed the same with a phospho-(S/T) Q motif-specific antibody. Results from DNA repair functional assays such as the γ-H2AX assay, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Comet assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and clonogenic cell survival assay using stable overexpression clones of wild-type (wt.) KIBRA and active (T1006E) and inactive (T1006A) KIBRA phosphorylation mutants showed that T1006 phosphorylation on KIBRA is essential for optimal DNA double-strand break repair in cancer cells. Further, results from stable retroviral short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown (KD) clones of KIBRA and KIBRA knockout (KO) model cells generated by a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system showed that depleting KIBRA levels compromised the DNA repair functions in cancer cells upon inducing DNA damage. All these phenotypic events were reversed upon reconstitution of KIBRA into cells lacking KIBRA knock-in (KI) model cells. All these results point to the fact that phosphorylated KIBRA might be functioning as a scaffolding protein/adaptor protein facilitating the platform for further recruitment of other DNA damage response factors. In summary, these data demonstrate the imperative functional role of KIBRAper se(KIBRA phosphorylation at T1006 site as a molecular switch that regulates the DNA damage response, possibly via the nonhomologous end joining [NHEJ] pathway), suggesting that KIBRA could be a potential therapeutic target for modulating chemoresistance in cancer cells.
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30
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Stauffer S, Chen X, Zhang L, Chen Y, Dong J. KIBRA promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and motility. FEBS J 2016; 283:1800-11. [PMID: 27220053 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
KIBRA is a regulator of the Hippo-yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway, which plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we show that KIBRA is a positive regulator in prostate cancer cell proliferation and motility. We found that KIBRA is transcriptionally upregulated in androgen-insensitive LNCaPC4-2 and LNCaP-C81 cells compared to parental androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. Ectopic expression of KIBRA enhances cell proliferation, migration and invasion in both immortalized and cancerous prostate epithelial cells. Accordingly, knockdown of KIBRA reduces migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth in LNCaP-C4-2/C81 cells. Moreover, KIBRA expression is induced by androgen signaling and KIBRA is partially required for androgen receptor signaling activation in prostate cancer cells. In line with these findings, we further show that KIBRA is overexpressed in human prostate tumors. Our studies uncover unexpected results and identify KIBRA as a tumor promoter in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Stauffer
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xingcheng Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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31
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Feng X, Li Z, Du Y, Fu H, Klein JD, Cai H, Sands JM, Chen G. Downregulation of urea transporter UT-A1 activity by 14-3-3 protein. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F71-8. [PMID: 25995111 PMCID: PMC4490382 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00546.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea transporter (UT)-A1 in the kidney inner medulla plays a critical role in the urinary concentrating mechanism and thereby in the regulation of water balance. The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of seven isoforms. They are multifunctional regulatory proteins that mainly bind to phosphorylated serine/threonine residues in target proteins. In the present study, we found that all seven 14-3-3 isoforms were detected in the kidney inner medulla. However, only the 14-3-3 γ-isoform was specifically and highly associated with UT-A1, as demonstrated by a glutathione-S-transferase-14-3-3 pulldown assay. The cAMP/adenylyl cyclase stimulator forskolin significantly enhanced their binding. Coinjection of 14-3-3γ cRNA into oocytes resulted in a decrease of UT-A1 function. In addition, 14-3-3γ increased UT-A1 ubiquitination and protein degradation. 14-3-3γ can interact with both UT-A1 and mouse double minute 2, the E3 ubiquitin ligase for UT-A1. Thus, activation of cAMP/PKA increases 14-3-3γ interactions with UT-A1 and stimulates mouse double minute 2-mediated UT-A1 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby forming a novel regulatory mechanism of urea transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Feng
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Section of Nephrology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Zenggang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Hui Cai
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Section of Nephrology, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Guangping Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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32
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The hippo pathway effector YAP regulates motility, invasion, and castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1350-62. [PMID: 25645929 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00102-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an effector of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. The functional significance of YAP in prostate cancer has remained elusive. In this study, we first show that enhanced expression of YAP is able to transform immortalized prostate epithelial cells and promote migration and invasion in both immortalized and cancerous prostate cells. We found that YAP mRNA was upregulated in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells (LNCaP-C81 and LNCaP-C4-2 cells) compared to the level in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of YAP activated androgen receptor signaling and was sufficient to promote LNCaP cells from an androgen-sensitive state to an androgen-insensitive state in vitro, and YAP conferred castration resistance in vivo. Accordingly, YAP knockdown greatly reduced the rates of migration and invasion of LNCaP-C4-2 cells and under androgen deprivation conditions largely blocked cell division in LNCaP-C4-2 cells. Mechanistically, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase-ribosomal s6 kinase signaling was downstream of YAP for cell survival, migration, and invasion in androgen-insensitive cells. Finally, immunohistochemistry showed significant upregulation and hyperactivation of YAP in castration-resistant prostate tumors compared to their levels in hormone-responsive prostate tumors. Together, our results identify YAP to be a novel regulator in prostate cancer cell motility, invasion, and castration-resistant growth and as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
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Yang S, Zhang L, Chen X, Chen Y, Dong J. Oncoprotein YAP regulates the spindle checkpoint activation in a mitotic phosphorylation-dependent manner through up-regulation of BubR1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6191-202. [PMID: 25605730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator YAP (Yes-associated protein) functions as an oncogene; however, it is largely unclear how YAP exerts its oncogenic role. In this study, we further explored the functional significance of YAP and its mitotic phosphorylation in the spindle checkpoint. We found that the dynamic mitotic phosphorylation of YAP was CDC14-dependent. We also showed that YAP was required for the spindle checkpoint activation induced by spindle poisons. Mitotic phosphorylation of YAP was required for activation of the spindle checkpoint. Furthermore, enhanced expression of active YAP hyperactivated the spindle checkpoint and induced mitotic defects in a mitotic phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we documented that mitotic phosphorylation of YAP controlled transcription of genes associated with the spindle checkpoint. YAP constitutively associated with BubR1 (BUB1-related protein kinase), and knockdown of BubR1 relieved YAP-driven hyperactivation of the spindle checkpoint. Finally, we demonstrated that YAP promoted epithelial cell invasion via both mitotic phosphorylation and BubR1-dependent mechanisms. Together, our results reveal a novel link between YAP and the spindle checkpoint and indicate a potential mechanism underlying the oncogenic function of YAP through dysregulation of the spindle checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Yang
- From the Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China and the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Lin Zhang
- the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Xingcheng Chen
- the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Jixin Dong
- the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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Vyas NS, Ahn K, Stahl DR, Caviston P, Simic M, Netherwood S, Puri BK, Lee Y, Aitchison KJ. Association of KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism with episodic memory in the early stages of a human neurodevelopmental disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:37-43. [PMID: 25146696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A common T/C polymorphism within the ninth intron of the KIBRA gene (rs17070145) is thought to influence memory in humans. Since cognitive impairment, including memory, is a core feature of schizophrenia, we attempted to investigate this association in an independent sample of adolescent patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset before age 18) probands and their healthy siblings. In a sample of 25 pairs of EOS proband-healthy full sibling, we sought to investigate the association of KIBRA with memory performance. Episodic memory was measured using immediate and delayed recall measures of the California Verbal Learning Test. EOS underperformed at immediate and delayed recall compared with siblings. In a combined analysis (TT vs. TC/CC) assuming a C dominant model of inheritance, we found a main effect of genotype where individuals with TT genotype outperformed non-TT-carriers at immediate and delayed recall. A genotype by group interaction showed that EOS with TT genotype did not show a memory advantage over siblings with TT or non-TT-carriers at immediate or delayed recall. Siblings with TT genotype showed enhanced immediate recall (not delayed recall) compared with non-TT-carriers. This study demonstrates an association between the KIBRA gene and episodic memory (immediate free recall) and suggests a differential effect of this genetic variant in EOS and healthy siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Vyas
- Kingston University London, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Child Psychiatry Branch, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1600, USA; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Child Psychiatry Branch, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1600, USA
| | - Daniel R Stahl
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Department of Biostatistics, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Paul Caviston
- North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Essex IG38XQ, UK
| | - Mima Simic
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, CAMHS National and Specialist Services, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Siobhan Netherwood
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Croydon, CAMHS, CR0 1QG, UK
| | - Basant K Puri
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Du Cane Road, W12 OHS, UK
| | - Yohan Lee
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Katherine J Aitchison
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, SE5 8AF, UK; University of Alberta, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
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Lee S, Han S, Jeong AL, Park JS, Yang Y. Depletion of IK causes mitotic arrest through aberrant regulation of mitotic kinases and phosphatases. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2844-50. [PMID: 24996188 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IK is known to inhibit the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen, but other cellular functions of IK remain to be uncovered. In this study, IK depletion caused misalignment of chromosomes through an increase in Aurora A and PLK1 phosphorylation, which was mediated by a decrease in PP1 and PP2A activities. On the other hand, the treatment of a dual inhibitor against CDK and Aurora kinases overrode IK depletion-induced mitotic arrest through the activation of phosphatase activity. These findings imply that IK is an essential protein for achieving correct mitotic progress through the regulation of mitotic kinases and phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyi Lee
- Research Center for Women's Disease, Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Han
- Research Center for Women's Disease, Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Lee Jeong
- Research Center for Women's Disease, Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Research Center for Women's Disease, Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Research Center for Women's Disease, Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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Ma Y, Yang Y, Wang F, Wei Q, Qin H. Hippo-YAP signaling pathway: A new paradigm for cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:2275-86. [PMID: 25042563 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, the Hippo signaling pathway has been delineated and shown to play multiple roles in the control of organ size in both Drosophila and mammals. In mammals, the Hippo pathway is a kinase cascade leading from Mst1/2 to YAP and its paralog TAZ. Several studies have demonstrated that YAP/TAZ is a candidate oncogene and that other members of the Hippo pathway are tumor suppressive genes. The dysregulation of the Hippo pathway has been observed in a variety of cancers. This review chronicles the recent progress in elucidating the function of Hippo signaling in tumorigenesis and provide a rich source of potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Ma
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Li W, Cooper J, Zhou L, Yang C, Erdjument-Bromage H, Zagzag D, Snuderl M, Ladanyi M, Hanemann CO, Zhou P, Karajannis MA, Giancotti FG. Merlin/NF2 loss-driven tumorigenesis linked to CRL4(DCAF1)-mediated inhibition of the hippo pathway kinases Lats1 and 2 in the nucleus. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:48-60. [PMID: 25026211 PMCID: PMC4126592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is currently unclear whether Merlin/NF2 suppresses tumorigenesis by activating upstream components of the Hippo pathway at the plasma membrane or by inhibiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4(DCAF1) in the nucleus. We found that derepressed CRL4(DCAF1) promotes YAP- and TEAD-dependent transcription by ubiquitylating and, thereby, inhibiting Lats1 and 2 in the nucleus. Genetic epistasis experiments and analysis of tumor-derived missense mutations indicate that this signaling connection sustains the oncogenicity of Merlin-deficient tumor cells. Analysis of clinical samples confirms that this pathway operates in NF2-mutant tumors. We conclude that derepressed CRL4(DCAF1) promotes activation of YAP by inhibiting Lats1 and 2 in the nucleus.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/enzymology
- Cell Nucleus/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Child
- Epistasis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hep G2 Cells
- Hippo Signaling Pathway
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Mutation, Missense
- Neurofibromatosis 2/enzymology
- Neurofibromatosis 2/genetics
- Neurofibromatosis 2/pathology
- Neurofibromin 2/genetics
- Neurofibromin 2/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
- Ubiquitination
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jonathan Cooper
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sloan Kettering Division, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Zagzag
- NYU Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- NYU Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- NYU Cancer Institute and Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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38
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Wennmann DO, Schmitz J, Wehr MC, Krahn MP, Koschmal N, Gromnitza S, Schulze U, Weide T, Chekuri A, Skryabin BV, Gerke V, Pavenstädt H, Duning K, Kremerskothen J. Evolutionary and Molecular Facts Link the WWC Protein Family to Hippo Signaling. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:1710-23. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Yang S, Wennmann DO, Chen Y, Kremerskothen J, Dong J. KIBRA: In the brain and beyond. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1392-9. [PMID: 24642126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the KIBRA locus has been associated with memory performance and cognition by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism screening. Genetic studies in Drosophila and human cells have identified KIBRA as a novel regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in human tumorigenesis. Recent studies also indicated that KIBRA is involved in other physiological processes including cell polarity, membrane/vesicular trafficking, mitosis and cell migration. At the biochemical level, KIBRA protein is highly phosphorylated by various kinases in epithelial cells. Here, we discuss the updates concerning the function and regulation of KIBRA in the brain and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shuping Yang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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40
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Yang S, Ji M, Zhang L, Chen Y, Wennmann DO, Kremerskothen J, Dong J. Phosphorylation of KIBRA by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) cascade modulates cell proliferation and migration. Cell Signal 2013; 26:343-51. [PMID: 24269383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, KIBRA is defined as a memory performance-associated protein. The physiological function and regulation of KIBRA in non-neuronal cells are much less understood. Recent studies have identified KIBRA as a novel regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in tumorigenesis by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. We recently reported that KIBRA is phosphorylated by the mitotic kinases Aurora and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 during mitosis. In this current study, we show that KIBRA is also phosphorylated by the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases)-RSK (p90 ribosomal S6 kinases) cascade. We demonstrated that ERK1/2 phosphorylate KIBRA at Ser(548) in cells as well as in vitro. Moreover, we found that RSK1/2 specifically phosphorylates KIBRA at two highly conserved sites (Thr(929) and Ser(947)) in vitro and in cells. RSK-mediated phosphorylation is required for KIBRA binding to RSK1, but not RSK2. Surprisingly, KIBRA knockdown impaired cell migration and proliferation in breast cancer cells. By using inducible-expression cell lines, we further show that phospho-regulation of KIBRA by ERK1/2 and RSK1/2 is required for proper cell proliferation and RSK-mediated phosphorylation also modulates KIBRA's migratory activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our findings uncover unexpected results and a new mechanism through which KIBRA regulates cell migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Yang
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ming Ji
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | | | - Jixin Dong
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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41
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Yang S, Zhang L, Liu M, Chong R, Ding SJ, Chen Y, Dong J. CDK1 phosphorylation of YAP promotes mitotic defects and cell motility and is essential for neoplastic transformation. Cancer Res 2013; 73:6722-33. [PMID: 24101154 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Yes-associated protein, YAP, is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway of cell-cycle control that plays important roles in tumorigenesis. Hippo-mediated phosphorylation YAP, mainly at S127, inactivates YAP function. In this study, we define a mechanism for positive regulation of YAP activity that is critical for its oncogenic function. Specifically, we found that YAP is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by the cell-cycle kinase CDK1 at T119, S289, and S367 during the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. We also found that ectopic expression of a phosphomimetic YAP mutant (YAP3D, harboring T119D/S289D/S367D) was sufficient to induce mitotic defects in immortalized epithelial cells, including centrosome amplification, multipolar spindles, and chromosome missegregation. Finally, we documented that mitotic phosphorylation of YAP was sufficient to promote cell migration and invasion in a manner essential for neoplastic cell transformation. In support of our findings, CDK1 inhibitors largely suppressed cell motility mediated by activated YAP-S127A but not the phosphomimetic mutant YAP3D. Collectively, our results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for controlling the activity of YAP that is crucial for its oncogenic function mediated by mitotic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Yang
- Authors' Affiliations: Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases; Department of Pathology and Microbiology; and Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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42
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Orr B, Compton DA. A double-edged sword: how oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can contribute to chromosomal instability. Front Oncol 2013; 3:164. [PMID: 23825799 PMCID: PMC3695391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors are characterized by abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy) and karyotypic profiling has shown that the majority of these tumors are heterogeneous and chromosomally unstable. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is defined as persistent mis-segregation of whole chromosomes and is caused by defects during mitosis. Large-scale genome sequencing has failed to reveal frequent mutations of genes encoding proteins involved in mitosis. On the contrary, sequencing has revealed that most mutated genes in cancer fall into a limited number of core oncogenic signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle, cell growth, and apoptosis. This led to the notion that the induction of oncogenic signaling is a separate event from the loss of mitotic fidelity, but a growing body of evidence suggests that oncogenic signaling can deregulate cell cycle progression, growth, and differentiation as well as cause CIN. These new results indicate that the induction of CIN can no longer be considered separately from the cancer-associated driver mutations. Here we review the primary causes of CIN in mitosis and discuss how the oncogenic activation of key signal transduction pathways contributes to the induction of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Orr
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH , USA ; The Norris-Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH , USA
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Okadaic Acid: a tool to study the hippo pathway. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:896-902. [PMID: 23493077 PMCID: PMC3705378 DOI: 10.3390/md11030896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1 and 2 (MST1 and MST2) are activated in NIH3T3 cells exposed to okadaic acid. The Hippo pathway is a newly emerging signaling that functions as a tumor suppressor. MST1 and MST2 work as core kinases of the Hippo pathway and their activities depend on the autophosphorylation, which is negatively regulated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Okadaic acid has been frequently used to enhance the phosphorylation of MST1 and MST2 and to trigger the activation of the Hippo pathway. However other components of the Hippo pathway could also be targets of okadaic acid. In this review we first briefly summarize the molecular architecture of the Hippo pathway for the reference of researchers outside the field. We explain how MST kinases are regulated by PP2A and how okadaic acid activates MST2. Thereafter we discuss which components of the Hippo pathway are candidate substrates of protein phosphatases and which points we need to consider in the usage of okadaic acid to study the Hippo pathway.
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44
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Yoshihama Y, Chida K, Ohno S. The KIBRA-aPKC connection: A potential regulator of membrane trafficking and cell polarity. Commun Integr Biol 2012; 5:146-51. [PMID: 22808318 PMCID: PMC3376049 DOI: 10.4161/cib.18849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney and brain protein (KIBRA) is a scaffold or an adaptor-like protein with WW, C2-like and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC)-binding domains. Genetic studies in Drosophila revealed that KIBRA is an upstream regulator of the conserved Hippo pathway, which is implicated in organ size determination. In addition, genome-wide studies revealed an association between the single nucleotide polymorphism in the KIBRA gene locus and human episodic memory performance. However, the mechanism of action through which KIBRA is linked to these functions remains poorly understood. Recent studies on the biochemical and cellular properties of KIBRA reveal the role of KIBRA as a regulator of membrane trafficking. Further, KIBRA directly inhibits the activity of the cell polarity regulator, aPKC, which is required for apical protein exocytosis. Here, we discuss how this KIBRA-aPKC connection, a potential regulator of membrane trafficking and cell polarity, can contribute to the recently discovered functions of KIBRA.
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45
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Phospho-regulation of KIBRA by CDK1 and CDC14 phosphatase controls cell-cycle progression. Biochem J 2012; 447:93-102. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20120751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
KIBRA (kidney- and brain-expressed protein) is a novel regulator of the Hippo pathway, which controls tissue growth and tumorigenesis by regulating both cell proliferation and apoptosis. In mammals, KIBRA is associated with memory performance. The physiological function and regulation of KIBRA in non-neuronal cells remain largely unclear. We reported recently that KIBRA is phosphorylated by the mitotic kinases Aurora-A and -B. In the present study, we have expanded our analysis of KIBRA's role in cell-cycle progression. We show that KIBRA is also phosphorylated by CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1) in response to spindle damage stress. We have identified KIBRA Ser542 and Ser931 as main phosphorylation sites for CDK1 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that the CDC (cell division cycle) 14A/B phosphatases associate with KIBRA, and CDK1-non-phosphorylatable KIBRA has greatly reduced interaction with CDC14B. CDC14A/B dephosphorylate CDK1-phosphorylated KIBRA in vitro and in cells. By using inducible-expression cell lines, we show further that phospho-regulation of KIBRA by CDK1 and CDC14 is involved in mitotic exit under spindle stress. Our results reveal a new mechanism through which KIBRA regulates cell-cycle progression.
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46
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Zhang L, Iyer J, Chowdhury A, Ji M, Xiao L, Yang S, Chen Y, Tsai MY, Dong J. KIBRA regulates aurora kinase activity and is required for precise chromosome alignment during mitosis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34069-77. [PMID: 22904328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.385518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls organ size and tumorigenesis by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. KIBRA was recently identified as a novel regulator of the Hippo pathway. Several of the components of the Hippo pathway are important regulators of mitosis-related cell cycle events. We recently reported that KIBRA is phosphorylated by the mitotic kinases Aurora-A and -B. However, the role KIBRA plays in mitosis has not been established. Here, we show that KIBRA activates the Aurora kinases and is required for full activation of Aurora kinases during mitosis. KIBRA also promotes the phosphorylation of large tumor suppressor 2 (Lats2) on Ser(83) by activating Aurora-A, which controls Lats2 centrosome localization. However, Aurora-A is not required for KIBRA to associate with Lats2. We also found that Lats2 inhibits the Aurora-mediated phosphorylation of KIBRA on Ser(539), probably via regulating protein phosphatase 1. Consistent with playing a role in mitosis, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KIBRA causes mitotic abnormalities, including defects of spindle and centrosome formation and chromosome misalignment. We propose that the KIBRA-Aurora-Lats2 protein complexes form a novel axis that regulates precise mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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Liu AM, Wong KF, Jiang X, Qiao Y, Luk JM. Regulators of mammalian Hippo pathway in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:357-64. [PMID: 22683405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hippo pathway, originally discovered in Drosophila, is responsible for organ size control. The pathway is conserved in mammals and has a significant role in restraining cancer development. Regulating the Hippo pathway thus represents a potential therapeutic approach to treat cancer, which however requires deep understanding of the targeted pathway. Despite our limited knowledge on the pathway, there are increasing discoveries of new molecules that regulate and modulate the Hippo downstream signaling particularly in various solid malignancies, from extracellular stimuli or via pathway crosstalk. Herein, we discuss the roles of newly identified and key regulators that connect with core components (MST1/2, LATS1/2, SAV1, and MOB1) and downstream effector (YAP) in the Hippo pathway having an important role in cancer development and progression. Understanding of the mammalian Hippo pathway regulation may shed new insights to allow us selecting the right oncogenic targets and designing effective drugs for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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van der Waal MS, Hengeveld RCC, van der Horst A, Lens SMA. Cell division control by the Chromosomal Passenger Complex. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1407-20. [PMID: 22472345 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) consisting of Aurora B kinase, INCENP, Survivin and Borealin, is essential for genomic stability by controlling multiple processes during both nuclear and cytoplasmic division. In mitosis it ensures accurate segregation of the duplicated chromosomes by regulating the mitotic checkpoint, destabilizing incorrectly attached spindle microtubules and by promoting the axial shortening of chromosomal arms in anaphase. During cytokinesis the CPC most likely prevents chromosome damage by imposing an abscission delay when a chromosome bridge connects the two daughter cells. Moreover, by controlling proper cytoplasmic division, the CPC averts tetraploidization. This review describes recent insights on how the CPC is capable of conducting its various functions in the dividing cell to ensure chromosomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike S van der Waal
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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