1
|
Ma X, Taxi W, Guo Y, Jiaerken H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Sun H, Wang L, Ma Y. A bibliometric analysis of miRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis from 2001 to 2022: Research hotspots and trends. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15121. [PMID: 38562078 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely recognized in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. As a key regulatory factor, miRNAs have introduced new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and provided a favorable research direction for the development of novel therapeutic targets. This study aimed to explore the hotspots of miRNA research related to RA published from different countries, organizations, and authors. METHODS From 2001 to 2022, publications on miRNA related to RA were identified in the Web of Science database. The total and annual number of publishments, citations, impact factor, H-index, productive authors, and involved journals were collected for quantitative and qualitative comparisons. RESULTS A total of 29 countries/regions in the world have participated in the research of miRNAs and RA over the past two decades, and China (760, 53.18%) and the United States (233, 16.31%) account for the majority of the total publications. China dominated in total citation (17881) and H-index (62). A total of 507 academic journals have published articles in related fields, and Frontiers in Immunology published the most (53, 3.71%). Chih-hsin Tang of the China Medical University has published the most papers (16, 1.2%). Stanczyk (2008) published the most cited article Altered expression of miRNAs in synovial fibroblasts and synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis in Arthritis and Rheumatism, with 660 citations. Inflammation is the high-frequency keyword outside of RA and miRNAs, and related researches have mainly focused on miR-146a and miR-155. CONCLUSIONS In the past two decades, extensive and continuous research has been conducted to investigate the role of miRNAs in RA, and miRNAs are widely recognized in the pathogenesis of RA. Related research has mainly focused on miR-146a and miR-155 that have shown promising results as key factors in RA experimental models. Focusing on clinical applications and translational research may be the future research direction and hotspot based on molecular biology basic research and mechanism exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wumiti Taxi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Hasiteer Jiaerken
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Lining Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Chinese Medicine Centre (International Collaboration between Western Sydney University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ajith A, Merimi M, Arki MK, Hossein-khannazer N, Najar M, Vosough M, Sokal EM, Najimi M. Immune regulation and therapeutic application of T regulatory cells in liver diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371089. [PMID: 38571964 PMCID: PMC10987744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of the immunomodulatory cell population that can inhibit both innate and adaptive immunity by various regulatory mechanisms. In hepatic microenvironment, proliferation, plasticity, migration, and function of Tregs are interrelated to the remaining immune cells and their secreted cytokines and chemokines. In normal conditions, Tregs protect the liver from inflammatory and auto-immune responses, while disruption of this crosstalk between Tregs and other immune cells may result in the progression of chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatic malignancy. In this review, we analyze the deviance of this protective nature of Tregs in response to chronic inflammation and its involvement in inducing liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We will also provide a detailed emphasis on the relevance of Tregs as an effective immunotherapeutic option for autoimmune diseases, liver transplantation, and chronic liver diseases including liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ajith
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-khannazer
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Etienne Marc Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perdaens O, Bottemanne P, van Pesch V. MicroRNAs dysregulated in multiple sclerosis affect the differentiation of CG-4 cells, an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell line. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336439. [PMID: 38486710 PMCID: PMC10937391 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Demyelination is one of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). While remyelination occurs during the disease, it is incomplete from the start and strongly decreases with its progression, mainly due to the harm to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), causing irreversible neurological deficits and contributing to neurodegeneration. Therapeutic strategies promoting remyelination are still very preliminary and lacking within the current treatment panel for MS. Methods In a previous study, we identified 21 microRNAs dysregulated mostly in the CSF of relapsing and/or remitting MS patients. In this study we transfected the mimics/inhibitors of several of these microRNAs separately in an OPC cell line, called CG-4. We aimed (1) to phenotypically characterize their effect on OPC differentiation and (2) to identify corroborating potential mRNA targets via immunocytochemistry, RT-qPCR analysis, RNA sequencing, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results We observed that the majority of 13 transfected microRNA mimics decreased the differentiation of CG-4 cells. We demonstrate, by RNA sequencing and independent RT-qPCR analyses, that miR-33-3p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-124-5p arrest OPC differentiation at a late progenitor stage and miR-145-5p at a premyelinating stage as evidenced by the downregulation of premyelinating oligodendrocyte (OL) [Tcf7l2, Cnp (except for miR-145-5p)] and mature OL (Plp1, Mbp, and Mobp) markers, whereas only miR-214-3p promotes OPC differentiation. We further propose a comprehensive exploration of their change in cell fate through Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. We finally confirm by RT-qPCR analyses the downregulation of several predicted mRNA targets for each microRNA that possibly support their effect on OPC differentiation by very distinctive mechanisms, of which some are still unexplored in OPC/OL physiology. Conclusion miR-33-3p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-124-5p arrest OPC differentiation at a late progenitor stage and miR-145-5p at a premyelinating stage, whereas miR-214-3p promotes the differentiation of CG-4 cells. We propose several potential mRNA targets and hypothetical mechanisms by which each microRNA exerts its effect. We hereby open new perspectives in the research on OPC differentiation and the pathophysiology of demyelination/remyelination, and possibly even in the search for new remyelinating therapeutic strategies in the scope of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Bottemanne
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Perdaens O, van Pesch V. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and correlate with T cell mediators. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 386:578196. [PMID: 38101084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
T cell mediators and microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but their interaction largely remains undetermined. We investigated by RT-qPCR the dysregulation of microRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients versus healthy controls, according to radiological disease activity or treatment. Several microRNAs correlated positively/negatively with IL21/FOXP3 mRNA expression, but not with serum neurofilament light chain levels. Cytokine expression is conceivably balanced by several regulators, whereas microRNAs possibly target upstream transcription factors rather than directly cytokine mRNAs. Functional studies are needed to investigate their interaction, notably for the predicted targeting of FOXP3 by miR-34c-5p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), avenue Emmanuel Mounier 53/B1.53.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), avenue Emmanuel Mounier 53/B1.53.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Z, Guo J, Jia R. Treg plasticity and human diseases. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2181-2197. [PMID: 37878023 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a subset of CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) with the characteristic expression of transcription factor FOXP3 play a key role in maintaining self-tolerance and regulating immune responses. However, in some inflammatory circumstances, Tregs can express cytokines of other T help (Th) cells by internal reprogramming, which is called Treg plasticity. These reprogrammed Tregs with impaired suppressive ability contribute to the progression of diseases by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such changes in phenotype rarely occur in Tregs, on the contrary, Tregs usually display a stronger suppressive function and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. It is important to understand the mechanisms of Treg plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. OBJECTIVES In this review, we summarize the characteristics of different Th-like Tregs and discuss the potential mechanisms of these changes in phenotype. Furthermore, we summarize the Treg plasticity in human diseases and discuss the effects of these changes in phenotype on disease progression, as well as the potential application of drugs or reagents that regulate Treg plasticity in human diseases. CONCLUSIONS Treg plasticity is associated with inflammatory diseases and cancers. Regulating Treg plasticity is a promising direction for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roy D, Gilmour C, Patnaik S, Wang LL. Combinatorial blockade for cancer immunotherapy: targeting emerging immune checkpoint receptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264327. [PMID: 37928556 PMCID: PMC10620683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation, survival, and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells lie at the center of antitumor immunity. Due to the lack of proper costimulation and the abundant immunosuppressive mechanisms, tumor-specific T cells show a lack of persistence and exhausted and dysfunctional phenotypes. Multiple coinhibitory receptors, such as PD-1, CTLA-4, VISTA, TIGIT, TIM-3, and LAG-3, contribute to dysfunctional CTLs and failed antitumor immunity. These coinhibitory receptors are collectively called immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting these ICRs have become the cornerstone for cancer immunotherapy as they have established new clinical paradigms for an expanding range of previously untreatable cancers. Given the nonredundant yet convergent molecular pathways mediated by various ICRs, combinatorial immunotherapies are being tested to bring synergistic benefits to patients. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of several emerging ICRs, including VISTA, TIGIT, TIM-3, and LAG-3, and the preclinical and clinical data supporting combinatorial strategies to improve existing ICI therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dia Roy
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cassandra Gilmour
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sachin Patnaik
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Li Lily Wang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma Y, Xu X, Wang H, Liu Y, Piao H. Non-coding RNA in tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells formation and associated immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228331. [PMID: 37671150 PMCID: PMC10475737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has exhibited promising antitumor effects in various tumors. Infiltrated regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrict protective immune surveillance, impede effective antitumor immune responses, and contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Selective depletion or functional attenuation of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, while eliciting effective T-cell responses, represents a potential approach for anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, it does not disrupt the Treg-dependent immune homeostasis in healthy organs and does not induce autoimmunity. Yet, the shared cell surface molecules and signaling pathways between Tregs and multiple immune cell types pose challenges in this process. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate both cancer and immune cells and thus can potentially improve antitumor responses. Here, we review recent advances in research of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, with a focus on the functional roles of immune checkpoint and inhibitory Tregs receptors and the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in Treg plasticity and functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huaitao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyan Piao
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vaddi PK, Osborne DG, Nicklawsky A, Williams NK, Menon DR, Smith D, Mayer J, Reid A, Domenico J, Nguyen GH, Robinson WA, Ziman M, Gao D, Zhai Z, Fujita M. CTLA4 mRNA is downregulated by miR-155 in regulatory T cells, and reduced blood CTLA4 levels are associated with poor prognosis in metastatic melanoma patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173035. [PMID: 37197667 PMCID: PMC10183574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells and activated T lymphocytes. Despite its potential as a treatment strategy for melanoma, CTLA-4 inhibition has limited efficacy. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) melanoma database and another dataset, we found that decreased CTLA4 mRNA was associated with a poorer prognosis in metastatic melanoma. To investigate further, we measured blood CTLA4 mRNA in 273 whole-blood samples from an Australian cohort and found that it was lower in metastatic melanoma than in healthy controls and associated with worse patient survival. We confirmed these findings using Cox proportional hazards model analysis and another cohort from the US. Fractionated blood analysis revealed that Treg cells were responsible for the downregulated CTLA4 in metastatic melanoma patients, which was confirmed by further analysis of published data showing downregulated CTLA-4 surface protein expression in Treg cells of metastatic melanoma compared to healthy donors. Mechanistically, we found that secretomes from human metastatic melanoma cells downregulate CTLA4 mRNA at the post-transcriptional level through miR-155 while upregulating FOXP3 expression in human Treg cells. Functionally, we demonstrated that CTLA4 expression inhibits the proliferation and suppressive function of human Treg cells. Finally, miR-155 was found to be upregulated in Treg cells from metastatic melanoma patients compared to healthy donors. Our study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of reduced CTLA4 expression observed in melanoma patients, demonstrating that post-transcriptional silencing of CTLA4 by miRNA-155 in Treg cells may play a critical role. Since CTLA-4 expression is downregulated in non-responder melanoma patients to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, targeting miRNA-155 or other factors involved in regulating CTLA4 expression in Treg cells without affecting T cells could be a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating CTLA4 expression in Treg cells and identify potential therapeutic targets for enhancing immune-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kumar Vaddi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Douglas Grant Osborne
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew Nicklawsky
- University of Colorado Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nazanin K. Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Derek Smith
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jonathan Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Anna Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joanne Domenico
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Giang Huong Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - William A. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melanie Ziman
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dexiang Gao
- University of Colorado Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zidan M, Zidan AAA, Attia Saad M, El-Shanshory M, Bakry U, Sobh A, Mohammed Abdou S, Labib Salem M. Altered microRNA expression profile is linked to T-cell exhaustion-related pathways in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:113-122. [PMID: 36347735 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the phenotype and functions of exhausted T cells in several cancers have been identified, the involved molecular mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. In this regard, we have recently reported that the immunoregulatory cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), share common dysregulated miRNAs that target specific immunosuppressive pathways in patients with in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). AIM In this study, we aimed to further explore whether similar dysregulation in miRNA expression is linked to T cell exhaustion and dysfunctionality in B cell ALL patients. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from pediatric patients with ALL were recruited before and after induction chemotherapy as well as from healthy donors. Affymetrix microarray platform was used for miRNA profiling, and qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of certain miRNAs that are related to T cell exhaustion. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore whether the dysregulated miRNAs were linked to T-cell exhaustion related pathways. RESULTS A total of 516 miRNAs were dysregulated in ALL patients as compared to the healthy donor. Furthermore, among the total analyzed miRNAs, 10 were found to be linked to the key genes implicated in three exhaustion-related pathways; TGF-β, FOXO, and MAPK, as revealed by miR-pathway analysis. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed similar expression pattern to those obtained by microarray analysis. CONCLUSION Our pilot study suggests the implication of certain miRNAs in T cell exhaustion pathways via targeting the specific key genes in those pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zidan
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, 57357 Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz A Zidan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Educational Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attia Saad
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Educational Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shanshory
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Educational Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Usama Bakry
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Sobh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Labib Salem
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Educational Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao X, Yi Y, Jiang C, Huang X, Wen X, Liao H, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Li N, Pan D. Gancao Fuzi decoction regulates the Th17/Treg cell imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting Foxp3 via miR-34a. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115837. [PMID: 36252875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing first recorded the Gancao Fuzi decoction (GCFZD) formula in the "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber", which is reportedly an effective and safe treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism underlying the observed improvement in the T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cell imbalance in RA obtained with GCFZD has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to demonstrate whether GCFZD ameliorated RA by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance in RA mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collagen was used to induce a model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. GCFZD was administered by gavage, and the arthritis index score, imaging and histopathological changes of the ankle joints, and the levels of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class antibodies and proinflammatory factors in serum were determined. In addition, the frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells, the levels of relevant transcription factors and functional factors and the miR-34a gene in the spleen and the levels of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 in serum were determined. RESULTS GCFZD significantly reduced the arthritis score, improved joint swelling and bone damage, reduced the pathological score, and decreased the serum levels of IgG class antibody (IgG and IgG2a) and proinflammatory factor [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β and IL-6]. Moreover, the Th17-cell proportion, the expression level of the Th17-specific transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and functional factor IL-17A in the spleen, and the serum IL-17A level were decreased, whereas the Treg cell proportion, expression levels of the Treg-specific transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and functional factor IL-10 in the spleen, and the serum IL-10 level were increased. Furthermore, GCFZD inhibited miR-34a gene expression while promoting Foxp3 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrate the therapeutic effect of GCFZD on mice with CIA, and the mechanism is related to an improvement in the Th17/Treg cell imbalance by targeting Foxp3 via miR-34a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yankui Yi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xintao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Huajun Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yongyan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yanyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Nan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Dongmei Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Szukiewicz D. Epigenetic regulation and T-cell responses in endometriosis – something other than autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943839. [PMID: 35935991 PMCID: PMC9355085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like glands and stroma located outside the uterine cavity. This common, estrogen dependent, inflammatory condition affects up to 15% of reproductive-aged women and is a well-recognized cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite the still unknown etiology of endometriosis, much evidence suggests the participation of epigenetic mechanisms in the disease etiopathogenesis. The main rationale is based on the fact that heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence are common triggers for hormonal, immunological, and inflammatory disorders, which play a key role in the formation of endometriotic foci. Epigenetic mechanisms regulating T-cell responses, including DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications, deserve attention because tissue-resident T lymphocytes work in concert with organ structural cells to generate appropriate immune responses and are functionally shaped by organ-specific environmental conditions. Thus, a failure to precisely regulate immune cell transcription may result in compromised immunological integrity of the organ with an increased risk of inflammatory disorders. The coexistence of endometriosis and autoimmunity is a well-known occurrence. Recent research results indicate regulatory T-cell (Treg) alterations in endometriosis, and an increased number of highly active Tregs and macrophages have been found in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Elimination of the regulatory function of T cells and an imbalance between T helper cells of the Th1 and Th2 types have been reported in the endometria of women with endometriosis-associated infertility. This review aims to present the state of the art in recognition epigenetic reprogramming of T cells as the key factor in the pathophysiology of endometriosis in the context of T-cell-related autoimmunity. The new potential therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic modulation and/or adoptive transfer of T cells will also be outlined.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gramantieri L, Fornari F, Giovannini C, Trerè D. MicroRNAs at the Crossroad between Immunoediting and Oncogenic Drivers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070930. [PMID: 35883486 PMCID: PMC9313100 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, treatments enhancing the antitumor immune response have revealed a new promising approach for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Beside favorable results in about one third of patients, much still remains to be done to face primary nonresponse, early, and late disease reactivation. Understanding the mechanisms underneath immune system modulation by immune checkpoint inhibitors in HCC might give additional opportunities for patient selection and combined approaches. MicroRNAs have emerged as relevant modulators of cancer cell hallmarks, including aberrant proliferation, invasion and migration capabilities, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and glycolytic metabolism. At the same time, they contribute to the immune system development, response, and programs activation, with particular regard towards regulatory functions. Thus, miRNAs are relevant not only in cancer cells’ biology, but also in the immune response and interplay between cancer, microenvironment, and immune system. Abstract Treatments aimed to reverse the tumor-induced immune tolerance represent a promising approach for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notwithstanding, primary nonresponse, early, and late disease reactivation still represent major clinical challenges. Here, we focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) acting both as modulators of cancer cell hallmarks and immune system response. We outlined the bidirectional function that some oncogenic miRNAs play in the differentiation and program activation of the immune system development and, at the same time, in the progression of HCC. Indeed, the multifaceted spectrum of miRNA targets allows the modulation of both immune-associated factors and oncogenic or tumor suppressor drivers at the same time. Understanding the molecular changes contributing to disease onset, progression, and resistance to treatments might help to identify possible novel biomarkers for selecting patient subgroups, and to design combined tailored treatments to potentiate antitumor approaches. Preliminary findings seem to argue in favor of a bidirectional function of some miRNAs, which enact an effective modulation of molecular pathways driving oncogenic and immune-skipping phenotypes associated with cancer aggressiveness. The identification of these miRNAs and the characterization of their ‘dual’ role might help to unravel novel biomarkers identifying those patients more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and to identify possible therapeutic targets with both antitumor and immunomodulatory functions. In the present review, we will focus on the restricted panel of miRNAs playing a bidirectional role in HCC, influencing oncogenic and immune-related pathways at once. Even though this field is still poorly investigated in HCC, it might represent a source of candidate molecules acting as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the setting of immune-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gramantieri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Fornari
- Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi), University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research-CRBA, University of Bologna, IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research-CRBA, University of Bologna, IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Trerè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Departmental Program in Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao X, Zhong Y, Li K, Miao A, Chen N, Ding R, Xu Y, Chen J. Toxoplasma gondii promotes microRNA-34a to inhibit Foxp3 expression in adverse outcomes of pregnancy in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
14
|
Jin K, Parreau S, Warrington KJ, Koster MJ, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Vasculitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844300. [PMID: 35296082 PMCID: PMC8918523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are indispensable for host survival and are protected from inappropriate inflammation by immune privilege. This protection is lost in patients with autoimmune vasculitides, a heterogeneous group of diseases causing damage to arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Vasculitis leads to vascular wall destruction and/or luminal occlusion, resulting in hemorrhage and tissue ischemia. Failure in the quantity and quality of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) has been implicated in the breakdown of the vascular immune privilege. Emerging data suggest that Treg deficiencies are disease-specific, affecting distinct pathways in distinct vasculitides. Mechanistic studies have identified faulty CD8+ Tregs in Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), a vasculitis of the aorta and the large aortic branch vessels. Specifically, aberrant signaling through the NOTCH4 receptor expressed on CD8+ Treg cells leads to rerouting of intracellular vesicle trafficking and failure in the release of immunosuppressive exosomes, ultimately boosting inflammatory attack to medium and large arteries. In Kawasaki’s disease, a medium vessel vasculitis targeting the coronary arteries, aberrant expression of miR-155 and dysregulated STAT5 signaling have been implicated in undermining CD4+ Treg function. Explorations of mechanisms leading to insufficient immunosuppression and uncontrolled vascular inflammation hold the promise to discover novel therapeutic interventions that could potentially restore the immune privilege of blood vessels and pave the way for urgently needed innovations in vasculitis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jin
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Simon Parreau
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Warrington
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Matthew J. Koster
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gerald J. Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jörg J. Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cornelia M. Weyand,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu J, Xu HM, Yang MF, Liang YJ, Peng QZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Wang LS, Yao J, Nie YQ, Li DF. New Insights Into the Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813659. [PMID: 35173618 PMCID: PMC8841592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa. Environmental factors, genetics, intestinal microbiota, and the immune system are all involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. Lately, accumulating evidence has shown that abnormal epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, histone markers, and non-coding RNA expression greatly contribute to the development of the entire disease. Epigenetics regulates many functions, such as maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium and regulating the immune system of the immune cells. In the present study, we systematically summarized the latest advances in epigenetic modification of IBD and how epigenetics reveals new mechanisms of IBD. Our present review provided new insights into the pathophysiology of IBD. Moreover, exploring the patterns of DNA methylation and histone modification through epigenetics can not only be used as biomarkers of IBD but also as a new target for therapeutic intervention in IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Quan-zhou Peng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, China
| | - Cheng-mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - Yu-qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alemohammad H, Najafzadeh B, Asadzadeh Z, Baghbanzadeh A, Ghorbaninezhad F, Najafzadeh A, Safarpour H, Bernardini R, Brunetti O, Sonnessa M, Fasano R, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The importance of immune checkpoints in immune monitoring: A future paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112516. [PMID: 34906767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of cancer are directly correlated to the suppression of the immune system. A major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy depends on various mechanisms to detect immunosuppressive factors that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Immune checkpoints are expressed on many immune cells such as T-cells, regulatory B cells (Bregs), dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells (NKs), regulatory T (Tregs), M2-type macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Immune inhibitory molecules, including CTLA-4, TIM-3, TIGIT, PD-1, and LAG-3, normally inhibit immune responses via negatively regulating immune cell signaling pathways to prevent immune injury. However, the up-regulation of inhibitory immune checkpoints during tumor progression on immune cells suppresses anti-tumor immune responses and promotes immune escape in cancer. It has recently been indicated that cancer cells can up-regulate various pathways of the immune checkpoints. Therefore, targeting immune inhibitory molecules through antibodies or miRNAs is a promising therapeutic strategy and shows favorable results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are introduced as a new immunotherapy strategy that enhance immune cell-induced antitumor responses in many patients. In this review, we highlighted the function of each immune checkpoint on different immune cells and therapeutic strategies aimed at using monoclonal antibodies and miRNAs against inhibitory receptors. We also discussed current challenges and future strategies for maximizing these FDA-approved immunosuppressants' effectiveness and clinical success in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Najafzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Sonnessa
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roberts LB, Kapoor P, Howard JK, Shah AM, Lord GM. An update on the roles of immune system-derived microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2434-2449. [PMID: 33483751 PMCID: PMC8562329 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of human death worldwide. Over the past two decades, the emerging field of cardioimmunology has demonstrated how cells of the immune system play vital roles in the pathogenesis of CVD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular identity and function. Cell-intrinsic, as well as cell-extrinsic, roles of immune and inflammatory cell-derived miRNAs have been, and continue to be, extensively studied. Several 'immuno-miRNAs' appear to be specifically expressed or demonstrate greatly enriched expression within leucocytes. Identification of miRNAs as critical regulators of immune system signalling pathways has posed the question of whether and how targeting these molecules therapeutically, may afford opportunities for disease treatment and/or management. As the field of cardioimmunology rapidly continues to advance, this review discusses findings from recent human and murine studies which contribute to our understanding of how leucocytes of innate and adaptive immunity are regulated-and may also regulate other cell types, via the actions of the miRNAs they express, in the context of CVD. Finally, we focus on available information regarding miRNA regulation of regulatory T cells and argue that targeted manipulation of miRNA regulated pathways in these cells may hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of CVD and associated risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Puja Kapoor
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multi-etiologic infection characterized clinically by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Herpesviruses and specific bacterial species are major periodontal pathogens that cooperate synergistically in producing severe periodontitis. Cellular immunity against herpesviruses and humoral immunity against bacteria are key periodontal host defenses. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are modifiers of periodontal disease severity. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding, gene expression-based, posttranscriptional regulatory RNAs of great importance for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been associated with several medical diseases. Periodontal tissue cells and herpesviruses elaborate several microRNAs that are of current research interest. This review attempts to conceptualize the role of periodontal microRNAs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The diagnostic potential of salivary microRNAs is also addressed. Employment of microRNA technology in periodontics represents an interesting new preventive and therapeutic possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsar R Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Department of Periodontology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu YH, Kuo CF, Hsieh AH, Hsieh HL, Chan YF, Hwang TL. Upregulation of miR-210-5p impairs dead cell clearance by macrophages through the inhibition of Sp1-and HSCARG-dependent NADPH oxidase pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:441-450. [PMID: 34197940 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The deficiency of dead cell clearance is a prominent pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, the overexpression of miR-210-5p resulted in the accumulation of secondary necrotic cells (SNECs) in macrophages through the reduction of protein degradation. The upreguation of miR-210-5p inhibited NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and SNEC clearance. miR-210-5p overexpression suppressed Sp1 and HSCARG expression, and the knockdown of SP1 and HSCARG inhibited NOX expression and superoxide production in macrophages. Furthermore, patients with active SLE expressed a higher level of miR-210-5p and lower expression of SP1 and HSCARG in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In summary, our findings indicate that the upregulation of miR-210-5p increases the accumulation of SNECs through a decrease in the Sp1-and HSCARG-mediated NOX activity and ROS generation in macrophages. Our results also suggest that targeting miR-210-5p may have therapeutic potential for SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ao-Ho Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fan Chan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ragni E, Colombini A, Viganò M, Libonati F, Perucca Orfei C, Zagra L, de Girolamo L. Cartilage Protective and Immunomodulatory Features of Osteoarthritis Synovial Fluid-Treated Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secreted Factors and Extracellular Vesicles-Embedded miRNAs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051072. [PMID: 33946524 PMCID: PMC8147187 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), either in vitro expanded or within adipose tissue-based products obtained at point-of-care, has gained popularity as innovative regenerative medicine approach for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. ASCs can stimulate tissue repair and immunomodulation through paracrine factors, both soluble and extracellular vesicles (EV) embedded, collectively defining the secretome. Interaction with the degenerative/inflamed environment is a crucial factor in understanding the finely tuned molecular message but, to date, the majority of reports have described ASC-secretome features in resting conditions or under chemical stimuli far from the in vivo environment of degenerated OA joints. In this report, the secretory profile of ASCs treated with native synovial fluid from OA patients was evaluated, sifting 200 soluble factors and 754 EV-embedded miRNAs. Fifty-eight factors and 223 EV-miRNAs were identified, and discussed in the frame of cartilage and immune cell homeostasis. Bioinformatics gave a molecular basis for M2 macrophage polarization, T cell proliferation inhibition and T reg expansion enhancement, as well as cartilage protection, further confirmed in an in vitro model of OA chondrocytes. Moreover, a strong influence on immune cell chemotaxis emerged. In conclusion, obtained molecular data support the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of ASCs when interacting with osteoarthritic joint environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ragni
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, I-20161 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (F.L.); (C.P.O.)
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, I-20161 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (F.L.); (C.P.O.)
| | - Marco Viganò
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, I-20161 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (F.L.); (C.P.O.)
| | - Francesca Libonati
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, I-20161 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (F.L.); (C.P.O.)
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, I-20161 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (F.L.); (C.P.O.)
| | - Luigi Zagra
- Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, I-20161 Milano, Italy;
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, I-20161 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (F.L.); (C.P.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6621-4067
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dong Y, Yang C, Pan F. Post-Translational Regulations of Foxp3 in Treg Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626172. [PMID: 33912156 PMCID: PMC8071870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are indispensable for immune homeostasis due to their roles in peripheral tolerance. As the master transcription factor of Treg cells, Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) strongly regulates Treg function and plasticity. Because of this, considerable research efforts have been directed at elucidating the mechanisms controlling Foxp3 and its co-regulators. Such work is not only advancing our understanding on Treg cell biology, but also uncovering novel targets for clinical manipulation in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and tumor therapies. Recently, many studies have explored the post-translational regulation of Foxp3, which have shown that acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, and ubiquitination are important for determining Foxp3 function and plasticity. Additionally, some of these targets have been implicated to have great therapeutic values. In this review, we will discuss emerging evidence of post-translational regulations on Foxp3 in Treg cells and their exciting therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cuiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
miRNA-Dependent CD4 + T Cell Differentiation in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Int 2021; 2021:8825588. [PMID: 33505725 PMCID: PMC7810561 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8825588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by multifocal lesions, chronic inflammatory condition, and degenerative processes within the central nervous system (CNS) leading to demyelination. The most important cells involved in its pathogenesis are those which are CD4+, particularly proinflammatory Th1/Th17 and regulatory Treg. Signal cascades associated with CD4+ differentiation are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs): short, single-stranded RNAs, responsible for negative regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Several miRNAs have been consistently reported as showing dysregulated expression in MS, and their expression patterns may be elevated or decreased, depending on the function of specific miRNA in the immune system. Studies in MS patients indicate that, among others, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-155, miR-223, and miR-326 are upregulated, while miR-15b, miR-20b, miR-26a, and miR-30a are downregulated. Dysregulation of these miRNAs may contribute to the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, since their targets are associated with the regulation of Th1/Th17 and Treg cell differentiation. Highly expressed miRNAs can in turn suppress translation of key Th1/Th17 differentiation inhibitors. miRNA dysregulation may result from the impact of various factors at each stage of their biogenesis. Immature miRNA undergoes multistage transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications; therefore, any protein involved in the processing of miRNAs can potentially lead to disturbances in their expression. Epigenetic modifications that have a direct impact on miRNA gene transcription may also play an important role.
Collapse
|
23
|
Brown CY, Sadlon T, Hope CM, Wong YY, Wong S, Liu N, Withers H, Brown K, Bandara V, Gundsambuu B, Pederson S, Breen J, Robertson SA, Forrest A, Beyer M, Barry SC. Molecular Insights Into Regulatory T-Cell Adaptation to Self, Environment, and Host Tissues: Plasticity or Loss of Function in Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1269. [PMID: 33072063 PMCID: PMC7533603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much interest in the ability of regulatory T cells (Treg) to switch function in vivo, either as a result of genetic risk of disease or in response to environmental and metabolic cues. The relationship between levels of FOXP3 and functional fitness plays a significant part in this plasticity. There is an emerging role for Treg in tissue repair that may be less dependent on FOXP3, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning this are not fully understood. As a result of detailed, high-resolution functional genomics, the gene regulatory networks and key functional mediators of Treg phenotype downstream of FOXP3 have been mapped, enabling a mechanistic insight into Treg function. This transcription factor-driven programming of T-cell function to generate Treg requires the switching on and off of key genes that form part of the Treg gene regulatory network and raises the possibility that this is reversible. It is plausible that subtle shifts in expression levels of specific genes, including transcription factors and non-coding RNAs, change the regulation of the Treg gene network. The subtle skewing of gene expression initiates changes in function, with the potential to promote chronic disease and/or to license appropriate inflammatory responses. In the case of autoimmunity, there is an underlying genetic risk, and the interplay of genetic and environmental cues is complex and impacts gene regulation networks frequently involving promoters and enhancers, the regulatory elements that control gene expression levels and responsiveness. These promoter–enhancer interactions can operate over long distances and are highly cell type specific. In autoimmunity, the genetic risk can result in changes in these enhancer/promoter interactions, and this mainly impacts genes which are expressed in T cells and hence impacts Treg/conventional T-cell (Tconv) function. Genetic risk may cause the subtle alterations to the responsiveness of gene regulatory networks which are controlled by or control FOXP3 and its target genes, and the application of assays of the 3D organization of chromatin, enabling the connection of non-coding regulatory regions to the genes they control, is revealing the direct impact of environmental/metabolic/genetic risk on T-cell function and is providing mechanistic insight into susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Y Brown
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy Sadlon
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Ying Y Wong
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Soon Wong
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ning Liu
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Holly Withers
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katherine Brown
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Veronika Bandara
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen Pederson
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James Breen
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Anne Robertson
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alistair Forrest
- QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Beyer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Charles Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical contributors to immune homeostasis and their dysregulation can lead to the loss of immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D). Recent studies have highlighted microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of the immune system, by fine-tuning relevant genes in various immune cell types. In this review article, we discuss recent insights into miRNA regulation of immune tolerance and activation. Specifically, we discuss how the dysregulation of miRNAs in T cells contributes to their aberrant function and the onset of islet autoimmunity, as well as their potential as targets of novel intervention strategies to interfere with autoimmune activation. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have shown that the dysregulation of individual miRNAs in T cells can contribute to impaired immune tolerance, contributing to onset and progression of islet autoimmunity. Importantly, the targeting of these miRNAs, including miR-92a, miR-142-3p and miR-181a, resulted in relevant effects on downstream pathways, improved Treg function and reduced islet autoimmunity in murine models. miRNAs are critical regulators of immune homeostasis and the dysregulation of individual miRNAs in T cells contributes to aberrant T cell function and autoimmunity. The specific targeting of individual miRNAs could improve Treg homeostasis and therefore limit overshooting T cell activation and islet autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G. Scherm
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Heidemannstrasse 1, 80939 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Munich-, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Heidemannstrasse 1, 80939 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Munich-, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ehtesham N, Mosallaei M, Karimzadeh MR, Moradikazerouni H, Sharifi M. microRNAs: key modulators of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 39:264-279. [PMID: 32552273 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1779712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a high level of heterogeneity in symptom manifestations and response to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS), an immune-based neurodegenerative disease with ever-increasing prevalence in recent decades. Because of unknown aspects of the etiopathology of MS and mechanism of action of DMTs, the reason for this variability is undetermined, and much remains to be understood. Traditionally, physicians consider switching to other DMTs based on the exacerbation of symptoms and/or change in the results of magnetic resonance imaging and biochemical factors. Therefore, identifying biological treatment response markers that help us recognizing non-responders rapidly and subsequently choosing another DMTs is necessary. microRNAs (miRNAs) are micromanagers of gene expression which have been profiled in different samples of MS patients, highlighting their role in pathogenetic of MS. Recent studies have investigated expression profiling of miRNAs after treatment with DMTs to clarify possible DMTs-mediated mechanism and obtaining response to therapy biomarkers. In this review, we will discuss the modulation of miRNAs by DMTs in cells and pathways involved in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ehtesham
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Skafi N, Fayyad-Kazan M, Badran B. Immunomodulatory role for MicroRNAs: Regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints expression. Gene 2020; 754:144888. [PMID: 32544493 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development and progression of different pathologies including, cancer, are associated with suppressed immune responses. This restrained immune activity could be associated with the activation of different immune checkpoint pathways that mediate immunosuppressive functions. Therapeutic Protocols based on abolishing the activity of immune check points provided a promising potential for treating cancer. Among the distinct known immune checkpoints, PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, are the most studied and have been the focus for development of different blocking agents. Monoclonal antibodies that can block PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA4 have been approved for treatment of different cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding regulatory RNA molecules, could repress mRNA expression at a post-transcriptional level. Many miRNAs have been reported to modulate the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, either directly or indirectly, in multiple pathological cases, mainly cancer. In this review, after a brief introduction about T cell activation and immune checkpoints, the miRNAs regulating the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are discussed with highlights on their role in cancer. Many of these miRNAs could serve as novel treatments in different types of cancer as detailed throughout the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najwa Skafi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tolerance Biomarkers in Liver Transplantation: Independent External Validation of the Predictive Strength of SENP6 and FEM1C Gene Expression. Transplantation 2020; 103:1887-1892. [PMID: 30720688 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have emphasized the genetic and phenotypic profiles of tolerant transplant patients. Moreover, different groups have defined several biomarkers, trying to distinguish patients who are going to be tolerant from those who are going to reject. However, most of these biomarkers have not been validated by other groups or even established for clinical practice. METHODS We reanalyzed and stratified the predictive capacity of 20 previously described biomarkers for liver transplantation tolerance in a cohort of 17 liver transplant patients subjected to an independent, nonrandomized, prospective study of immunosuppression drug withdrawal. RESULTS Only 4 of the 20 studied biomarkers (expression of SENP6, FEM1C, miR31, and miR95) showed a strong predictive capacity in the present study. miR31 and FEM1C presented an area under the ROC curve of 96.7%, followed by SENP1 with 93.3%. Finally, miR95 had an area under the ROC curve value <86.7%. CONCLUSIONS Even though this independent analysis seems to confirm the predictive strength of SENP6 and FEM1C in liver transplantation tolerance, there are also risks in establishing biomarkers for clinical phenotypes without an understanding of how they are biologically relevant. Future collaborations between groups should be promoted so that the most promising biomarkers can be validated and implemented in daily clinical practice.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Chang G, Chen X, Li Y, Li H, Cheng D, Tang Y, Sang H. IL-6-miR-210 Suppresses Regulatory T Cell Function and Promotes Atrial Fibrosis by Targeting Foxp3. Mol Cells 2020; 43:438-447. [PMID: 32345003 PMCID: PMC7264473 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the role of IL-6-miR-210 in the regulation of Tregs function and atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation (AF). The levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in AF patients were detected by using ELISA. Proportions of Treg cells were detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis in AF patients. The expression of Foxp3, α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III were determined by western blot. The atrial mechanocytes were authenticated by vimentin immunostaining. The expression of miR-210 was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). TargetScan was used to predict potential targets of miR-210. The cardiomyocyte transverse sections in AF model group were observed by H&E staining. The myocardial filaments were observed by masson staining. The level of IL-6 was highly increased while the level of IL-10 (Tregs) was significantly decreased in AF patients as compared to normal control subjects, and IL-6 suppressed Tregs function and promoted the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III. Furthermore, miR-210 regulated Tregs function by targeting Foxp3, and IL-6 promoted expression of miR-210 via regulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). IL-6-miR-210 suppresses regulatory T cell function and promotes atrial fibrosis by targeting Foxp3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YingWei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - GuoDong Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476100, China
| | - XiaoJie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - YunPeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - HaiYu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - HaiQiang Sang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulatory T Cells. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:3232061. [PMID: 32322593 PMCID: PMC7154970 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3232061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of conserved, 20 nt-23 nt long, noncoding small RNAs that inhibit expression of their respective target genes in different cell types. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of T cells that negatively regulate immune responses, which is essential to immune homeostasis. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs play an important role in the proliferation, differentiation, and functions of Treg. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding the roles of microRNAs in Treg and their dysregulation in immune-related diseases. This ongoing research continues to expand the understanding of Treg regulation and the mechanisms of immune disorders.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ramelli SC, Comer BS, McLendon JM, Sandy LL, Ferretti AP, Barrington R, Sparks J, Matar M, Fewell J, Gerthoffer WT. Nanoparticle Delivery of Anti-inflammatory LNA Oligonucleotides Prevents Airway Inflammation in a HDM Model of Asthma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:1000-1014. [PMID: 32044723 PMCID: PMC7013130 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To address the problem of poor asthma control due to drug resistance, an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to mmu-miR-145a-5p (antimiR-145) was tested in a house dust mite mouse model of mild/moderate asthma. miR-145 was targeted to reduce inflammation, regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and promote differentiation of structural cells. In addition, several chemical variations of a nontargeting oligonucleotide were tested to define sequence-dependent effects of the miRNA antagonist. After intravenous administration, oligonucleotides complexed with a pegylated cationic lipid nanoparticle distributed to most cells in the lung parenchyma but were not present in smooth muscle or the mucosal epithelium of the upper airways. Treatment with antimiR-145 and a nontargeting oligonucleotide both reduced eosinophilia, reduced obstructive airway remodeling, reduced mucosal metaplasia, and reduced CD68 immunoreactivity. Poly(A) RNA-seq verified that antimiR-145 increased levels of many miR-145 target transcripts. Genes upregulated in human asthma and the mouse model of asthma were downregulated by oligonucleotide treatments. However, both oligonucleotides significantly upregulated many genes of interferon signaling pathways. These results establish effective lung delivery and efficacy of locked nucleic acid/DNA oligonucleotides administered intravenously, and suggest that some of the beneficial effects of oligonucleotide therapy of lung inflammation may be due to normalization of interferon response pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina C Ramelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Brian S Comer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jared M McLendon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lydia L Sandy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Andrew P Ferretti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Robert Barrington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jeff Sparks
- Celsion Corporation, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Majed Matar
- Celsion Corporation, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jason Fewell
- Celsion Corporation, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - William T Gerthoffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Colamatteo A, Carbone F, Bruzzaniti S, Galgani M, Fusco C, Maniscalco GT, Di Rella F, de Candia P, De Rosa V. Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Foxp3 Expression in Health and Autoimmunity: From Epigenetic to Post-translational Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3136. [PMID: 32117202 PMCID: PMC7008726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the transcription factor Forkhead box-p3 (Foxp3) has shed fundamental insights into the understanding of the molecular determinants leading to generation and maintenance of T regulatory (Treg) cells, a cell population with a key immunoregulatory role. Work over the past few years has shown that fine-tuned transcriptional and epigenetic events are required to ensure stable expression of Foxp3 in Treg cells. The equilibrium between phenotypic plasticity and stability of Treg cells is controlled at the molecular level by networks of transcription factors that bind regulatory sequences, such as enhancers and promoters, to regulate Foxp3 expression. Recent reports have suggested that specific modifications of DNA and histones are required for the establishment of the chromatin structure in conventional CD4+ T (Tconv) cells for their future differentiation into the Treg cell lineage. In this review, we discuss the molecular events that control Foxp3 gene expression and address the associated alterations observed in human diseases. Also, we explore how Foxp3 influences the gene expression programs in Treg cells and how unique properties of Treg cell subsets are defined by other transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Fusco
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco
- Dipartimento di Neurologia, Centro Regionale Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Clinical and Experimental Senology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Scherm MG, Daniel C. miRNA-Mediated Immune Regulation in Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606322. [PMID: 33329406 PMCID: PMC7731293 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The important role of microRNAs as major modulators of various physiological processes, including immune regulation and homeostasis, has been increasingly recognized. Consequently, aberrant miRNA expression contributes to the defective regulation of T cell development, differentiation, and function. This can result in immune activation and impaired tolerance mechanisms, which exert a cardinal function for the onset of islet autoimmunity and the progression to T1D. The specific impact of miRNAs for immune regulation and how miRNAs and their downstream targets are involved in the pathogenesis of islet autoimmunity and T1D has been investigated recently. These studies revealed that increased expression of individual miRNAs is involved in several layers of tolerance impairments, such as inefficient Treg induction and Treg instability. The targeted modulation of miRNAs using specific inhibitors, resulting in improved immune homeostasis, as well as improved methods for the targeting of miRNAs, suggest that miRNAs, especially in T cells, are a promising target for the reestablishment of immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G. Scherm
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Carolin Daniel,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Piket E, Zheleznyakova GY, Kular L, Jagodic M. Small non-coding RNAs as important players, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive overview. J Autoimmun 2019; 101:17-25. [PMID: 31014917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of progressive disability among young adults caused by inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss in the central nervous system. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are important regulators of various biological processes and could therefore play important roles in MS. Over the past decade, a large number of studies investigated sncRNAs in MS patients, focusing primarily on microRNAs (miRNAs). Overwhelming 500 miRNAs have been reported as dysregulated in MS. Nevertheless, owing to a large heterogeneity between studies it is challenging to evaluate the reproducibility of findings, in turn hampering our knowledge about the functional roles of miRNAs in disease. We systematically searched main databases and evaluated results from all studies that examined sncRNAs in MS to date (n = 61) and provided a detailed overview of experimental design and findings of these studies. We focused on the mechanisms of the most dysregulated sncRNAs and used predicted targets of the most dysregulated sncRNAs as input for functional enrichment analysis to highlight affected pathways. The prime affected pathway was TGF-β signaling. This multifunctional cytokine is important in the differentiation and function of T helper type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, with opposing functions in the disease. Recent studies demonstrate the importance of miRNAs in controlling the balance between Th17/Th1 cells and Tregs and, importantly, the potential to exploit this paradigm for therapeutic purposes. Additionally, some of the discussed miRNAs could potentially serve as biomarkers of disease. In order to assist researchers in evaluating the evidence of a particular sncRNA in the pathogenesis of MS, we provide a detailed overview of experimental design and findings of these studies to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Piket
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hagihara Y, Yoshimatsu Y, Mikami Y, Takada Y, Mizuno S, Kanai T. Epigenetic regulation of T helper cells and intestinal pathogenicity. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:379-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
35
|
Anandagoda N, Willis JC, Hertweck A, Roberts LB, Jackson I, Gökmen MR, Jenner RG, Howard JK, Lord GM. microRNA-142-mediated repression of phosphodiesterase 3B critically regulates peripheral immune tolerance. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1257-1271. [PMID: 30741720 PMCID: PMC6391082 DOI: 10.1172/jci124725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tregs play a fundamental role in immune tolerance via control of self-reactive effector T cells (Teffs). This function is dependent on maintenance of a high intracellular cAMP concentration. A number of microRNAs are implicated in the maintenance of Tregs. In this study, we demonstrate that peripheral immune tolerance is critically dependent on posttranscriptional repression of the cAMP-hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase-3b (Pde3b) by microRNA-142-5p (miR-142-5p). In this manner, miR-142-5p acts as an immunometabolic regulator of intracellular cAMP, controlling Treg suppressive function. Mir142 was associated with a super enhancer bound by the Treg lineage–determining transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and Treg-specific deletion of miR-142 in mice (TregΔ142) resulted in spontaneous, lethal, multisystem autoimmunity, despite preserved numbers of phenotypically normal Tregs. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of PDE3B prevented autoimmune disease and reversed the impaired suppressive function of Tregs in TregΔ142 animals. These findings reveal a critical molecular switch, specifying Treg function through the modulation of a highly conserved, cell-intrinsic metabolic pathway. Modulation of this pathway has direct relevance to the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmunity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelomi Anandagoda
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Cd Willis
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnulf Hertweck
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jackson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Refik Gökmen
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Jenner
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rodríguez-Galán A, Fernández-Messina L, Sánchez-Madrid F. Control of Immunoregulatory Molecules by miRNAs in T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2148. [PMID: 30319616 PMCID: PMC6167432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNA targeting of key immunoregulatory molecules fine-tunes the immune response. This mechanism boosts or dampens immune functions to preserve homeostasis while supporting the full development of effector functions. MiRNA expression changes during T cell activation, highlighting that their function is constrained by a specific spatiotemporal frame related to the signals that induce T cell-based effector functions. Here, we update the state of the art regarding the miRNAs that are differentially expressed during T cell stimulation. We also revisit the existing data on miRNA function in T cell activation, with a special focus on the modulation of the most relevant immunoregulatory molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Galán
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Fernández-Messina
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
MicroRNAs and immunity in periodontal health and disease. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:24. [PMID: 30078842 PMCID: PMC6080405 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of the host immune and inflammatory response against bacterial pathogens. In the present review, we discuss target genes, target gene functions, the potential regulatory role of miRNAs in periodontal tissues, and the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics. In periodontal disease, miRNAs exert control over all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including the functions of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and T and B cells. Previous human studies have highlighted some key miRNAs that are dysregulated in periodontitis patients. In the present study, we mapped the major miRNAs that were altered in our reproducible periodontitis mouse model relative to control animals. The miRNAs that were upregulated as a result of periodontal disease in both human and mouse studies included miR-15a, miR-29b, miR-125a, miR-146a, miR-148/148a and miR-223, whereas miR-92 was downregulated. The association of individual miRNAs with unique aspects of periodontal disease and their stability in gingival crevicular fluid underscores their potential as markers for periodontal disease progression or healthy restitution. Moreover, miRNA therapeutics hold great promise for the future of periodontal therapy because of their ability to modulate the immune response to infection when applied in conjunction with synthetic antagomirs and/or relatively straightforward delivery strategies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Assmann TS, Recamonde-Mendoza M, Puñales M, Tschiedel B, Canani LH, Crispim D. MicroRNA expression profile in plasma from type 1 diabetic patients: Case-control study and bioinformatic analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 141:35-46. [PMID: 29679626 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate a miRNA expression profile in plasma of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients and control subjects and analyze the putative pathways involved. METHODS Expressions of 48 miRNAs were analyzed in plasma of 33 T1DM patients and 26 age-and-gender-matched controls using Stem-loop RT-PreAmp PCR and TaqMan Low Density Arrays (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Five dysregulated miRNAs were then chosen for validation in an independent sample of 27 T1DM patients and 14 controls, using RT-qPCR. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to determine in which pathways these miRNAs are involved. RESULTS Nine miRNAs were differentially expressed between recently-diagnosed T1DM patients (<5 years of diagnosis) and controls. No differences were observed between patients with ≥5 years of diagnosis and controls. After validation in an independent sample of T1DM patients, miR-103a-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-200a-3p, and miR-210-3p were confirmed as being upregulated in recently-diagnosed T1DM patients compared with controls or patients with ≥5 years of diagnosis. Moreover, miR-146a-5p was downregulated in recently-diagnosed T1DM patients compared with the other groups. These five miRNAs regulate several genes from innate immune system-, MAPK-, apoptosis-, insulin- and cancer-related pathways. CONCLUSION Five miRNAs are dysregulated in recently-diagnosed T1DM patients and target several genes involved in pathways related to T1DM pathogenesis, thus representing potential T1DM biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taís S Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Bioinformatics Core, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Puñales
- Instituto da Criança com Diabetes, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Balduíno Tschiedel
- Instituto da Criança com Diabetes, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luís H Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hippen KL, Loschi M, Nicholls J, MacDonald KPA, Blazar BR. Effects of MicroRNA on Regulatory T Cells and Implications for Adoptive Cellular Therapy to Ameliorate Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:57. [PMID: 29445371 PMCID: PMC5797736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key mediators of the immune system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of ~22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that are processed from longer precursors by the RNases Drosha and Dicer. miRNA regulates protein expression posttranscriptionally through mRNA destabilization or translational silencing. A critical role for miRNA in Treg function was initially discovered when both Dicer and Drosha knockout (KO) mice were found to develop a fatal autoimmune disease phenotypically similar to Foxp3 KO mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keli L Hippen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael Loschi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jemma Nicholls
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelli P A MacDonald
- The Antigen Presentation and Immunoregulation Laboratory and Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tokić S, Štefanić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Kishore A, Navratilova Z, Petrek M. miR-29a-3p/T-bet Regulatory Circuit Is Altered in T Cells of Patients With Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:264. [PMID: 29881372 PMCID: PMC5976757 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune thyroid disorder that frequently evolves from asymptomatic, T-cell mediated chronic inflammation toward overt hypothyroidism. Previously, we have demonstrated a role for T-bet, a T helper 1/CD8+ T cell transcription factor (TF), and FoxP3, a regulatory T cell TF, in disease progression and severity, but the basis behind their altered mRNA expression remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to leverage the role for microRNAs, representing negative transcriptional regulators, across the spectrum of HT clinical presentations using the same, well-characterized RNA sample cohort. METHOD Ten hypothyroid, untreated patients (hypoHT), 10 hypothyroid cases rendered euthyroid by l-thyroxine therapy (substHT), 11 spontaneously euthyroid HT subjects (euHT), and 10 healthy controls (ctrl) were probed for three candidate immunoregulatory miRNA (miR-9-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-210-3p) using quantitative real-time PCR measurements. Data were normalized to U6snRNA and fold difference in expression calculated by the efficiency corrected 2-ΔΔCt model. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, peripheral blood (PB) T cells of HT patients exhibited significantly diminished miR-29a-3p expression levels [median expression levels (IQR), HT vs CTRL, 0.62 (0.44-1.01) vs 1.373 (0.63-2.7), P = 0.046], and a similar, but not significant decline in miR-210-3p abundance [HT vs CTRL, 0.64 (0.39-1.31) vs 1.2 (0.5-2.56), P = 0.24, Wilcoxon test]. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the two differentially expressed transcripts, T-bet mRNA and miR-29a-3p. Moreover, altered miR-29a-3p/T-bet expression in T cells of untreated HT patients was related to low serum FT4, high serum thyrotropin, and decreased thyroid volumes. Of note, miR-210-3p expression was positively correlated to HIF1α, and inversely to FoxP3 mRNA levels, but no evidence of differential expression for any of these miRNA-mRNA pairs was observed. Finally, miR-9-5p expression levels were no different in HT vs control comparisons, or related to clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION T cell miR-29a-3p is downregulated in HT patients and associated with clinical and biochemical parameters of progressive thyroid injury, plausibly subsequent to altered control of T-bet expression in PB T cells. As such miR-29a-3p/T-bet axis should be further explored as a biomarker or as a plausible target for therapeutic interventions in HT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stana Tokić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Stana Tokić,
| | - Mario Štefanić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Amit Kishore
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Navratilova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Petrek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rezaeepoor M, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Shapoori S, Eskandari N, Sharifi M, Etemadifar M, Mansuorian M. Semaphorin-3A as An Immune Modulator Is Suppressed by MicroRNA-145-5p. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 20:113-119. [PMID: 29308627 PMCID: PMC5759673 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Semaphorin-3A (SEMA3A) and its receptors are found on some immune cells and act as suppressors of
immune cells over-activation. Considering the role of SEMA3A and its down-regulation in some autoimmune diseases,
as well as our bioinformatics predictions, we assumed that miR-145-5p might affect SEMA3A expression. So, we aimed
to determine the effect of miR-145-5p on SEMA3A gene expression level.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we evaluated the effect of miR-145-5p transfection on SEMA3A
expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using ELISA and quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) methods.
Results Our results showed that miR-145-5p is able to decrease SEMA3A expression at both protein and mRNA levels.
These data confirmed our previous bioinformatic prediction about the inhibitory effect of miR-145-5p on SEMA3A expression.
Conclusion These results enlightened us about an unknown aspect of SEMA3A role in some autoimmune disorders
like multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and also proposed SEMA3A as a potential therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rezaeepoor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shima Shapoori
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansuorian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Revilla-Nuin B, de Bejar Á, Martínez-Alarcón L, Herrero JI, Martínez-Cáceres CM, Ramírez P, Baroja-Mazo A, Pons JA. Differential profile of activated regulatory T cell subsets and microRNAs in tolerant liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:933-945. [PMID: 28006867 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a potential role in operational tolerance in liver transplantation (LT) patients, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in immunological responses and tolerance. Thus, we analyzed the implication of different peripheral blood Treg subsets and miRNAs on LT tolerance in 24 tolerant (Tol) and 23 non-tolerant (non-Tol) LT recipients by cellular, genetic, and epigenetic approximation. Non-Tol patients had a lower demethylation rate of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) regulatory T cell-specific demethylated region (TSDR) than Tol patients that correlated with the frequency of circulating Tregs. Tol patients presented a different signature of Treg subset markers compared with non-Tol patients with increased expression of HELIOS and FOXP3 and a higher proportion of latency-associated peptide (LAP)+ Tregs and CD45RA- human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA-DR)+ activated effector-memory Tregs. The expression of miR95, miR24, miR31, miR146a, and miR155 was higher in Tol than in non-Tol patients and was positively correlated with activated Treg markers. In conclusion, these data suggest that activated effector-memory Tregs and a TSDR-demethylation state of Tregs may play a role in the complex system of regulation of LT tolerance. In addition, we describe a set of miRNAs differentially expressed in human LT Tol patients providing suggestive evidence that miRNAs are implied in the preservation of self-tolerance as mediated by Tregs. Liver Transplantation 23 933-945 2017 AASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Revilla-Nuin
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca," University of Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Murcia, Spain
| | - África de Bejar
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Alarcón
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca," University of Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Herrero
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Manuel Martínez-Cáceres
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca," University of Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca," University of Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Murcia, Spain.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca," University of Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pons
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca," University of Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Murcia, Spain.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
MicroRNA-210, MicroRNA-331, and MicroRNA-7 Are Differentially Regulated in Treated HIV-1-Infected Individuals and Are Associated With Markers of Systemic Inflammation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 74:e104-e113. [PMID: 27749601 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-1 infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of inflammation. In treated HIV-1-infected individuals, we aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs with known roles in inflammation and CVD risk and to investigate associations between these and systemic inflammation. METHODS In a screening cohort including 14 HIV-1-infected individuals and 9 uninfected controls, microarray profiling was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Differentially regulated miRNAs previously related to inflammation and CVD were validated using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in 26 HIV-1-infected individuals and 20 uninfected controls. Validated miRNAs were measured in PBMCs, CD4 and CD8 T cells. Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G, lipids, and fasting glucose were measured, and associations with validated miRNAs were assessed with multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Upregulation of miR-210, miR-7, and miR-331 was found in PBMCs from HIV-1-infected individuals when compared with those from uninfected controls (P < 0.005). In contrast, miR-210 and miR-331 were downregulated in CD8 T cells. In multivariate analysis, miR-210 in CD8 T cells was negatively associated with LPS (P = 0.023) and triglycerides (P = 0.003) but positively associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P = 0.004). MiR-7 in PBMC was positively associated with interleukin-6 (P = 0.025) and fasting glucose (P = 0.005), whereas miR-331 was negatively associated with LPS (P = 0.006). In PBMCs from HIV-1-infected individuals with low cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G, miR-7, miR-29a, miR-221, and miR-222 were downregulated. CONCLUSION In 2 independent cohorts, miR-210, miR-7, and miR-331 were differentially regulated in treated HIV-1-infected individuals and associated with markers of systemic inflammation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sehrawat S, Rouse BT. Interplay of Regulatory T Cell and Th17 Cells during Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals. Front Immunol 2017; 8:341. [PMID: 28421070 PMCID: PMC5377923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clear that the outcome of an inflammatory process caused by infections depends on the balance of responses by several components of the immune system. Of particular relevance is the interplay between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+ T cells that produce IL-17 (Th17 cells) during immunoinflammatory events. In addition to discussing studies done in mice to highlight some unresolved issues in the biology of these cells, we emphasize the need to include outbred animals and humans in analyses. Achieving a balance between Treg and Th17 cells responses represents a powerful approach to control events during immunity and immunopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Sehrawat
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Barry T Rouse
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sousa IG, do Almo MM, Simi KCR, Bezerra MAG, Andrade RV, Maranhão AQ, Brigido MM. MicroRNA expression profiles in human CD3 + T cells following stimulation with anti-human CD3 antibodies. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:124. [PMID: 28292330 PMCID: PMC5351193 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-CD3 therapy can induce immunosuppression by several non mutually exclusive mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the therapeutic effect the administration anti-CD3 mAb, but its immunoregulatory mechanism is still not completely clear. In T cells, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate several pathways, including those associated with immune tolerance. Here, we report changes in miRNA expression in T cells following treatment with anti-human CD3 antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of the monoclonal antibody OKT3 or a recombinant fragment of humanized anti-CD3. Following these treatments, the expression profiles of 31 miRNA species were assessed in T cells using TaqMan arrays. Results Eight of the tested miRNAs (miR-155, miR-21, miR-146a, miR-210, miR-17, miR-590-5p, miR-106b and miR-301a) were statistically significantly up- or down-regulated relative to untreated cells. Conclusions Stimulation of T cells with anti-human CD3 antibodies alters miRNA expression patterns, including of miRNA species associated with immune regulatory pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2442-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia Sousa
- Molecular Pathology Graduation Program, Medicine Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Manuela Maragno do Almo
- Molecular Pathology Graduation Program, Medicine Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andréa Queiroz Maranhão
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Institute for Immunology Investigation, A National Institute of Science and Technology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Brigido
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil. .,Institute for Immunology Investigation, A National Institute of Science and Technology, Brasilia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Youness RA, Rahmoon MA, Assal RA, Gomaa AI, Hamza MT, Waked I, El Tayebi HM, Abdelaziz AI. Contradicting interplay between insulin-like growth factor-1 and miR-486-5p in primary NK cells and hepatoma cell lines with a contemporary inhibitory impact on HCC tumor progression. Growth Factors 2016; 34:128-40. [PMID: 27388576 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2016.1200571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an impaired natural killer (NK) cell cytolytic activity in 135 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients parallel to a reduced expression level of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in NK cells of HCC patients has been revealed. Ectopic expression of miR-486-5p, a direct upstream regulator of IGF-1, restored the endogenous level of IGF-1 in NK cells of HCC patients, thus augmenting its cytolytic activity against Huh7 cells in an opposite manner to the IGF-1 siRNAs. Unorthodoxly, over-expression of miR-486-5p in target hepatocytes resulted in the repression of IGF-1, suppression of Huh7 cells proliferation and viability in a similar pattern to the IGF-1 siRNAs. Therefore, this study highlights a potential role of IGF-1 in modulating cytolytic potential of NK cells of HCC patients. miR-486-5p acts in a cell-specific manner, differentially modulating IGF-1 expression in NK cells and their target hepatocytes with a contemporary inhibitory impact on HCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ahmed Youness
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Biology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mai Atef Rahmoon
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Biology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Reem Amr Assal
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim Gomaa
- c Department of Hepatology , National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tarif Hamza
- d Department of Clinical Pathology , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt , and
| | - Imam Waked
- c Department of Hepatology , National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University , Shebin El-Kom , Egypt
| | - Hend Mohamed El Tayebi
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo , Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ren CX, Leng RX, Fan YG, Pan HF, Wu CH, Ye DQ. MicroRNA-210 and its theranostic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1325-1338. [PMID: 27359286 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1206890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small single-stranded noncoding RNAs with diverse biological functions. As a prototypical hypoxamir, human microRNA-210 (hsa-miR-210) is one of the most widely studied miRNAs thus far. In addition to its involvement in sophisticated regulation of numerous biological processes, miR-210 has also been shown to be associated with the development of different human diseases including various types of cancers, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and immunological diseases. Given its multi-faceted functions, miR-210 may serve as a novel and promising theranostic target for prevention and treatment of diseases. Areas covered: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of miR-210, the regulation of its expression, biological functions and molecular mechanisms, with particular emphasis on its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Expert opinion: Although the exact roles of miR-210 in various diseases have not been fully clarified, targeting miR-210 may be a promising therapeutic strategy. Further investigations are also needed to facilitate therapeutic-clinical applications of miR-210 in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Ren
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,c The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Chang-Hao Wu
- d Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Surrey , Guildford , UK
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li Q, Yu P, Zeng Q, Luo B, Cai S, Hui K, Yu G, Zhu C, Chen X, Duan M, Sun X. Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats: Up-Regulated Tregs and Down-Regulated miR-21, miR-210 and NF-κB Expression. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2655-2665. [PMID: 27386874 PMCID: PMC5065604 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that molecular hydrogen (H2) can selectively reduce the levels of hydroxyl radicals (.OH), and ameliorate oxidative and inflammatory injuries to organs in global cerebral ischemia reperfusion models. Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can induce a sudden activation of inflammatory cytokines and later influence the systemic immunoreactivity which may contribute to a worse outcome. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in several pathological aspects of cerebral I/R. In addition, miRNA took part in the processes of cellular response to hypoxia. Since the expression of a specific set of miRNA called “hypoxamirs” is upregulated by hypoxia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of HRS on I/R inducing cerebral damage, Tregs, and specific miRNA. Our results showed that rats undergone global cerebral I/R and treated with HRS have milder injury than I/R animals without HRS treatment. miR-210 expression in the hippocampus of the I/R group at 6, 24 and 96 h after reperfusion was significantly increased at each time point, while its expression in the group treated with HRS was significantly decreased. In addition, Tregs number in group I/R was decreased at each time points, while its number in the group treated with HRS was increased at 24 and 96 h after reperfusion. We focus on the relationship among Tregs, TGF-β1, TNF-α and NF-κB at 24 h, and we found that there is a high correlation among them. Therefore, our results indicated that the brain resuscitation mechanism in the HRS-treated rats may be related with the effect of upregulating the number of Treg cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuting Zeng
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87, Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenquan Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangli Hui
- Department of Anesthesia, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gao Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changsong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Manlin Duan
- Department of Anesthesia, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial enforcers of immune homeostasis. Their characteristic suppressive function largely arises from an equally unique pattern of gene expression. A complex network of factors and processes contribute to this 'signature' Treg gene expression landscape. Many of these alter the level and activity of the Treg-defining transcription factor Foxp3. As stable expression of Foxp3 is important for the ability of Treg cells to successfully prevent excessive or inappropriate immune activation, uncovering the mechanisms regulating Foxp3 level is required for the understanding and therapeutic exploitation of Tregs. While transcriptional regulation of the Foxp3 gene has been studied in depth, additional regulatory layers exist controlling the expression and activity of this key transcription factor. These include less-defined mechanisms active at the post-translational level. These pathways are just beginning to be elucidated. Here, we summarize emerging evidence for distinct, post-translationally active, ubiquitin-dependent pathways capable of controlling the activation and expression of Foxp3 and the function of Tregs. These pathways offer untapped opportunities for therapeutic fine-tuning of Tregs and their all-important restraint of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Barbi
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bhairavabhotla R, Kim YC, Glass DD, Escobar TM, Patel MC, Zahr R, Nguyen CK, Kilaru GK, Muljo SA, Shevach EM. Transcriptome profiling of human FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:201-13. [PMID: 26686412 PMCID: PMC4761514 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The major goal of this study was to perform an in depth characterization of the "gene signature" of human FoxP3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs). Highly purified Tregs and T conventional cells (Tconvs) from multiple healthy donors (HD), either freshly explanted or activated in vitro, were analyzed via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and gene expression changes validated using the nCounter system. Additionally, we analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression using TaqMan low-density arrays. Our results confirm previous studies demonstrating selective gene expression of FoxP3, IKZF2, and CTLA4 in Tregs. Notably, a number of yet uncharacterized genes (RTKN2, LAYN, UTS2, CSF2RB, TRIB1, F5, CECAM4, CD70, ENC1 and NKG7) were identified and validated as being differentially expressed in human Tregs. We further characterize the functional roles of RTKN2 and LAYN by analyzing their roles in vitro human Treg suppression assays by knocking them down in Tregs and overexpressing them in Tconvs. In order to facilitate a better understanding of the human Treg gene expression signature, we have generated from our results a hypothetical interactome of genes and miRNAs in Tregs and Tconvs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikiran Bhairavabhotla
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong C Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah D Glass
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thelma M Escobar
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mira C Patel
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rami Zahr
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuong K Nguyen
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gokhul K Kilaru
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|