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Kameyama M, Minobe E, Shao D, Xu J, Gao Q, Hao L. Regulation of Cardiac Cav1.2 Channels by Calmodulin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076409. [PMID: 37047381 PMCID: PMC10094977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels, a type of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, are ubiquitously expressed, and the predominant Ca2+ channel type, in working cardiac myocytes. Cav1.2 channels are regulated by the direct interactions with calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+-binding protein that causes Ca2+-dependent facilitation (CDF) and inactivation (CDI). Ca2+-free CaM (apoCaM) also contributes to the regulation of Cav1.2 channels. Furthermore, CaM indirectly affects channel activity by activating CaM-dependent enzymes, such as CaM-dependent protein kinase II and calcineurin (a CaM-dependent protein phosphatase). In this article, we review the recent progress in identifying the role of apoCaM in the channel ‘rundown’ phenomena and related repriming of channels, and CDF, as well as the role of Ca2+/CaM in CDI. In addition, the role of CaM in channel clustering is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Dongxue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
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Cardiac-Specific Expression of Cre Recombinase Leads to Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Tumor-like Growth of Atrial Cardiomyocyte and Ventricular Fibrosis and Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043094. [PMID: 36834504 PMCID: PMC9962429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic expression of Cre recombinase driven by a specific promoter is normally used to conditionally knockout a gene in a tissue- or cell-type-specific manner. In αMHC-Cre transgenic mouse model, expression of Cre recombinase is controlled by the myocardial-specific α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC) promoter, which is commonly used to edit myocardial-specific genes. Toxic effects of Cre expression have been reported, including intro-chromosome rearrangements, micronuclei formation and other forms of DNA damage, and cardiomyopathy was observed in cardiac-specific Cre transgenic mice. However, mechanisms associated with Cardiotoxicity of Cre remain poorly understood. In our study, our data unveiled that αMHC-Cre mice developed arrhythmias and died after six months progressively, and none of them survived more than one year. Histopathological examination showed that αMHC-Cre mice had aberrant proliferation of tumor-like tissue in the atrial chamber extended from and vacuolation of ventricular myocytes. Furthermore, the αMHC-Cre mice developed severe cardiac interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, accompanied by significant increase of expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cardiac atrium and ventricular. Moreover, cardiac-specific expression of Cre led to disintegration of the intercalated disc, along with altered proteins expression of the disc and calcium-handling abnormality. Comprehensively, we identified that the ferroptosis signaling pathway is involved in heart failure caused by cardiac-specific expression of Cre, on which oxidative stress results in cytoplasmic vacuole accumulation of lipid peroxidation on the myocardial cell membrane. Taken together, these results revealed that cardiac-specific expression of Cre recombinase can lead to atrial mesenchymal tumor-like growth in the mice, which causes cardiac dysfunction, including cardiac fibrosis, reduction of the intercalated disc and cardiomyocytes ferroptosis at the age older than six months in mice. Our study suggests that αMHC-Cre mouse models are effective in young mice, but not in old mice. Researchers need to be particularly careful when using αMHC-Cre mouse model to interpret those phenotypic impacts of gene responses. As the Cre-associated cardiac pathology matched mostly to that of the patients, the model could also be employed for investigating age-related cardiac dysfunction.
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Kessi M, Chen B, Peng J, Yan F, Yang L, Yin F. Calcium channelopathies and intellectual disability: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:219. [PMID: 33985586 PMCID: PMC8120735 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions are involved in several human cellular processes including corticogenesis, transcription, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the relationship between calcium channelopathies (CCs) and intellectual disability (ID)/global developmental delay (GDD) has been poorly investigated. We hypothesised that CCs play a major role in the development of ID/GDD and that both gain- and loss-of-function variants of calcium channel genes can induce ID/GDD. As a result, we performed a systematic review to investigate the contribution of CCs, potential mechanisms underlying their involvement in ID/GDD, advancements in cell and animal models, treatments, brain anomalies in patients with CCs, and the existing gaps in the knowledge. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, ClinVar, OMIM, ClinGen, Gene Reviews, DECIPHER and LOVD databases to search for articles/records published before March 2021. The following search strategies were employed: ID and calcium channel, mental retardation and calcium channel, GDD and calcium channel, developmental delay and calcium channel. MAIN BODY A total of 59 reports describing 159 cases were found in PubMed, Embase, ClinVar, and LOVD databases. Variations in ten calcium channel genes including CACNA1A, CACNA1C, CACNA1I, CACNA1H, CACNA1D, CACNA2D1, CACNA2D2, CACNA1E, CACNA1F, and CACNA1G were found to be associated with ID/GDD. Most variants exhibited gain-of-function effect. Severe to profound ID/GDD was observed more for the cases with gain-of-function variants as compared to those with loss-of-function. CACNA1E, CACNA1G, CACNA1F, CACNA2D2 and CACNA1A associated with more severe phenotype. Furthermore, 157 copy number variations (CNVs) spanning calcium genes were identified in DECIPHER database. The leading genes included CACNA1C, CACNA1A, and CACNA1E. Overall, the underlying mechanisms included gain- and/ or loss-of-function, alteration in kinetics (activation, inactivation) and dominant-negative effects of truncated forms of alpha1 subunits. Forty of the identified cases featured cerebellar atrophy. We identified only a few cell and animal studies that focused on the mechanisms of ID/GDD in relation to CCs. There is a scarcity of studies on treatment options for ID/GDD both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CCs play a major role in ID/GDD. While both gain- and loss-of-function variants are associated with ID/GDD, the mechanisms underlying their involvement need further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangling Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Li J, Gao Q, Wang S, Kang Z, Li Z, Lei S, Sun X, Zhao M, Chen X, Jiao G, Hu H, Hao L. Sustained increased CaMKII phosphorylation is involved in the impaired regression of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:30-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Lisewski U, Köhncke C, Schleussner L, Purfürst B, Lee SM, De Silva A, Manville RW, Abbott GW, Roepke TK. Hypochlorhydria reduces mortality in heart failure caused by Kcne2 gene deletion. FASEB J 2020; 34:10699-10719. [PMID: 32584506 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000013rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is an increasing global health crisis, affecting 40 million people and causing 50% mortality within 5 years of diagnosis. A fuller understanding of the genetic and environmental factors underlying HF, and novel therapeutic approaches to address it, are urgently warranted. Here, we discovered that cardiac-specific germline deletion in mice of potassium channel β subunit-encoding Kcne2 (Kcne2CS-/- ) causes dilated cardiomyopathy and terminal HF (median longevity, 28 weeks). Mice with global Kcne2 deletion (Kcne2Glo-/- ) exhibit multiple HF risk factors, yet, paradoxically survived over twice as long as Kcne2CS-/- mice. Global Kcne2 deletion, which inhibits gastric acid secretion, reduced the relative abundance of species within Bacteroidales, a bacterial order that positively correlates with increased lifetime risk of human cardiovascular disease. Strikingly, the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole similarly altered the microbiome and delayed terminal HF in Kcne2CS-/- mice, increasing survival 10-fold at 44 weeks. Thus, genetic or pharmacologic induction of hypochlorhydria and decreased gut Bacteroidales species are associated with lifespan extension in a novel HF model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clemens Köhncke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Purfürst
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Angele De Silva
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Torsten K Roepke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Su J, Gao Q, Yu L, Sun X, Feng R, Shao D, Yuan Y, Zhu Z, Sun X, Kameyama M, Hao L. The LQT-associated calmodulin mutant E141G induces disturbed Ca 2+-dependent binding and a flickering gating mode of the Ca V1.2 channel. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C991-C1004. [PMID: 32186935 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) mutations are associated with congenital long QT (LQT) syndrome (LQTS), which may be related to the dysregulation of the cardiac-predominant Ca2+ channel isoform CaV1.2. Among various mutants, CaM-E141G was identified as a critical missense variant. However, the interaction of this CaM mutant with the CaV1.2 channel has not been determined. In this study, by utilizing a semiquantitative pull-down assay, we explored the interaction of CaM-E141G with CaM-binding peptide fragments of the CaV1.2 channel. Using the patch-clamp technique, we also investigated the electrophysiological effects of the mutant on CaV1.2 channel activity. We found that the maximum binding (Bmax) of CaM-E141G to the proximal COOH-terminal region, PreIQ-IQ, PreIQ, IQ, and NT (an NH2-terminal peptide) was decreased (by 17.71-59.26%) compared with that of wild-type CaM (CaM-WT). In particular, the Ca2+-dependent increase in Bmax became slower with the combination of CaM-E141G + PreIQ and IQ but faster in the case of NT. Functionally, CaM-WT and CaM-E141G at 500 nM Ca2+ decreased CaV1.2 channel activity to 24.88% and 55.99%, respectively, compared with 100 nM Ca2+, showing that the inhibitory effect was attenuated in CaM-E141G. The mean open time of the CaV1.2 channel was increased, and the number of blank traces with no channel opening was significantly decreased. Overall, CaM-E141G exhibits disrupted binding with the CaV1.2 channel and induces a flickering gating mode, which may result in the dysfunction of the CaV1.2 channel and, thus, the development of LQTS. The present study is the first to investigate the detailed binding properties and single-channel gating mode induced by the interaction of CaM-E141G with the CaV1.2 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Lifeng Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuanxuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengnan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Nader M. The SLMAP/Striatin complex: An emerging regulator of normal and abnormal cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172491. [PMID: 31233748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The excitation-contraction (E-C) module involves a harmonized correspondence between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is provided by membrane proteins, which primarily shape the caveolae, the T-tubule/Sarcoplasmic reticulum (TT/SR) junction, and the intercalated discs (ICDs). Distortion of either one of these structures impairs myocardial contraction, and subsequently translates into cardiac failure. Thus, detailed studies on the molecular cues of the E-C module are becoming increasingly necessary to pharmacologically eradicate cardiac failure Herein we reviewed the organization of caveolae, TT/SR junctions, and the ICDs in the heart, with special attention to the Sarcolemma Membrane Associated Protein (SLMAP) and striatin (STRN) in cardiac membranes biology and cardiomyocyte contraction. We emphasized on their in vivo and in vitro signaling in cardiac function/dysfunction. SLMAP is a cardiac membrane protein that plays an important role in E-C coupling and the adrenergic response of the heart. Similarly, STRN is a dynamic protein that is also involved in cardiac E-C coupling and ICD-related cardiomyopathies. Both SLMAP and STRN are linked to cardiac conditions, including heart failure, and their role in cardiomyocyte function was elucidated in our laboratory. They interact together in a protein complex that holds therapeutic potentials for cardiac dysfunction. This review is the first of its kind to conceptualize the role of the SLMAP/STRN complex in cardiac function and failure. It provides in depth information on the signaling of these two proteins and projects their interaction as a novel therapeutic target for cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Nader
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, P.O. Box 50927, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Williams PDE, Zahratka JA, Bamber BA. "Getting Under the Hood" of Neuronal Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518781326. [PMID: 29977114 PMCID: PMC6024289 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518781326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model to study the neural and biochemical basis of behavior. It combines a small, completely mapped nervous system, powerful genetic tools, and a transparent cuticle, allowing Ca++ imaging without the need for dissection. However, these approaches remain one step removed from direct pharmacological and physiological characterization of individual neurons. Much can still be learned by "getting under the hood" or breaching the cuticle and directly studying the neurons. For example, we recently combined electrophysiology, Ca++ imaging, and pharmacological analysis on partially dissected ASH nociceptors showing that serotonin (5-HT) potentiates depolarization by inhibiting Ca++ influx. This study challenges the tacit assumption that Ca++ transient amplitudes and depolarization strength are positively correlated and has validated a new paradigm for interpreting Ca++ signals. Bypassing the cuticle was critical for the success of these experiments, not only for performing electrical recordings but also for the acute and reversible application of drugs. By contrast, drug soaking or mutating genes can produce long-term effects and compensatory changes, potentially confounding interpretations significantly. Therefore, direct studies of the physiological response of individual neurons should remain a critical objective, to provide key molecular insights complementing global Ca++ imaging neural network studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul DE Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Bruce A Bamber
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Romanelli A, Affinito A, Avitabile C, Catuogno S, Ceriotti P, Iaboni M, Modica J, Condorelli G, Catalucci D. An anti-PDGFRβ aptamer for selective delivery of small therapeutic peptide to cardiac cells. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513717 PMCID: PMC5841773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Small therapeutic peptides represent a promising field for the treatment of pathologies such as cardiac diseases. However, the lack of proper target-selective carriers hampers their translation towards a potential clinical application. Aptamers are cell-specific carriers that bind with high affinity to their specific target. However, some limitations on their conjugation to small peptides and the functionality of the resulting aptamer-peptide chimera exist. Here, we generated a novel aptamer-peptide chimera through conjugation of the PDGFRβ-targeting Gint4.T aptamer to MP, a small mimetic peptide that via targeting of the Cavβ2 subunit of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) can recover myocardial function in pathological heart conditions associated with defective LTCC function. The conjugation reaction was performed by click chemistry in the presence of N,N,N',N',N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a Cu (I) stabilizing agent in a DMSO-free aqueous buffer. When administered to cardiac cells, the Gint4.T-MP aptamer-peptide chimera was successfully internalized in cells, allowing the functional targeting of MP to LTCC. This approach represents the first example of the use of an internalizing aptamer for selective delivery of a small therapeutic peptide to cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Avitabile
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Catuogno
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore "IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ceriotti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Modica
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Geroloma Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore "IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (GC); (DC)
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (GC); (DC)
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10
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Serotonin Disinhibits a Caenorhabditis elegans Sensory Neuron by Suppressing Ca 2+-Dependent Negative Feedback. J Neurosci 2018; 38:2069-2080. [PMID: 29358363 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1908-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulators, such as serotonin (5-HT), alter neuronal excitability and synaptic strengths, and define different behavioral states. Neuromodulator-dependent changes in neuronal activity patterns are frequently measured using calcium reporters because calcium imaging can easily be performed on intact functioning nervous systems. With only 302 neurons, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides a relatively simple, yet powerful, system to understand neuromodulation at the level of individual neurons. C. elegans hermaphrodites are repelled by 1-octanol, and the initiation of these aversive responses is potentiated by 5-HT. 5-HT acts on the ASH polymodal nociceptors that sense the 1-octanol stimulus. Surprisingly, 5-HT suppresses ASH Ca2+ transients while simultaneously potentiating 1-octanol-dependent ASH depolarization. Here we further explore this seemingly inverse relationship. Our results show the following (1) 5-HT acts downstream of depolarization, through Gαq-mediated signaling and calcineurin, to inhibit L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; (2) the 1-octanol-evoked Ca2+ transients in ASHs inhibit depolarization; and (3) the Ca2+-activated K+ channel, SLO-1, acts downstream of 5-HT and is a critical regulator of ASH response dynamics. These findings define a Ca2+-dependent inhibitory feedback loop that can be modulated by 5-HT to increase neuronal excitability and regulate behavior, and highlight the possibility that neuromodulator-induced changes in the amplitudes of Ca2+ transients do not necessarily predict corresponding changes in depolarization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuromodulators, such as 5-HT, modify behavior by regulating excitability and synaptic efficiency in neurons. Neuromodulation is often studied using Ca2+ imaging, whereby neuromodulator-dependent changes in neuronal activity levels can be detected in intact, functioning circuits. Here we show that 5-HT reduces the amplitude of depolarization-dependent Ca2+ transients in a C. elegans nociceptive neuron, through Gαq signaling and calcineurin but that Ca2+ itself inhibits depolarization, likely through Ca2+-activated K+ channels. The net effect of 5-HT, therefore, is to increase neuronal excitability through disinhibition. These results establish a novel 5-HT signal transduction pathway, and demonstrate that neuromodulators can change Ca2+ signals and depolarization amplitudes in opposite directions, simultaneously, within a single neuron.
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11
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Poomvanicha M, Matthes J, Domes K, Patrucco E, Angermeier E, Laugwitz KL, Schneider T, Hofmann F. Beta-adrenergic regulation of the heart expressing the Ser1700A/Thr1704A mutated Cav1.2 channel. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 111:10-16. [PMID: 28778765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic stimulation of the heart increases ICa. PKA dependent phosphorylation of several amino acids (among them Ser 1700 and Thr 1704 in the carboxy-terminus of the Cav1.2 α1c subunit) has been implicated as decisive for the β-adrenergic up-regulation of cardiac ICa. Mutation of Ser 1700 and Thr 1704 to alanine results in the Cav1.2PKA_P2-/- mice. Cav1.2PKA_P2-/- mice display reduced cardiac L-type current. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction in the intact animal and ICa in isolated cardiomyocytes (CM) are stimulated by isoproterenol. Cardiac specific expression of the mutated Cav1.2PKA_P2-/- gene reduces Cav1.2 α1c protein concentration, ICa, and the β-adrenergic stimulation of L-type ICa in CMs. Single channels were not detected on the CM surface of the cCav1.2PKA_P2-/- hearts. This outcome supports the notion that S1700/1704 is essential for expression of the Cav1.2 channel and that isoproterenol stimulates ICa in Cav1.2PKA_P2-/- CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montatip Poomvanicha
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jan Matthes
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, University Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Domes
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Enrico Patrucco
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Angermeier
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (Kardiologie, Angiologie & Pneumologie), Klinikum rechts der Isar-Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Toni Schneider
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, University Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz Hofmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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Cazade M, Bidaud I, Lory P, Chemin J. Activity-dependent regulation of T-type calcium channels by submembrane calcium ions. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28109159 PMCID: PMC5308894 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are involved in numerous physiological functions and various mechanisms finely tune their activity, including the Ca2+ ion itself. This is well exemplified by the Ca2+-dependent inactivation of L-type Ca2+ channels, whose alteration contributes to the dramatic disease Timothy Syndrome. For T-type Ca2+ channels, a long-held view is that they are not regulated by intracellular Ca2+. Here we challenge this notion by using dedicated electrophysiological protocols on both native and expressed T-type Ca2+ channels. We demonstrate that a rise in submembrane Ca2+ induces a large decrease in T-type current amplitude due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation. Activation of most representative Ca2+-permeable ionotropic receptors similarly regulate T-type current properties. Altogether, our data clearly establish that Ca2+ entry exerts a feedback control on T-type channel activity, by modulating the channel availability, a mechanism that critically links cellular properties of T-type Ca2+ channels to their physiological roles. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22331.001 Neurons, muscle cells and many other types of cells use electrical signals to exchange information and coordinate their behavior. Proteins known as calcium channels sit in the membrane that surrounds the cell and can generate electrical signals by allowing calcium ions to cross the membrane and enter the cell during electrical activities. Although calcium ions are needed to generate these electrical signals, and for many other processes in cells, if the levels of calcium ions inside cells become too high they can be harmful and cause disease. Cells have a “feedback” mechanism that prevents calcium ion levels from becoming too high. This mechanism relies on the calcium ions that are already in the cell being able to close the calcium channels. This feedback mechanism has been extensively studied in two types of calcium channel, but it is not known whether a third group of channels – known as Cav3 channels – are also regulated in this way. Cav3 channels are important in electrical signaling in neurons and have been linked with epilepsy, chronic pain and various other conditions in humans. Cazade et al. investigated whether calcium ions can regulate the activity of human Cav3 channels. The experiments show that these channels are indeed regulated by calcium ions, but using a distinct mechanism to other types of calcium channels. For the Cav3 channels, calcium ions alter the gating properties of the channels so that they are less easily activated . As a result, fewer Cav3 channels are “available” to provide calcium ions with a route into the cell. The next steps following on from this work will be to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this new feedback mechanism. Another challenge will be to find out what role this calcium ion-driven feedback plays in neurological disorders that are linked with altered Cav3 channel activity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22331.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Cazade
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Bidaud
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lory
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Chemin
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
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Reil JC, Tauchnitz M, Tian Q, Hohl M, Linz D, Oberhofer M, Kaestner L, Reil GH, Thiele H, Steendijk P, Böhm M, Neuberger HR, Lipp P. Hyperaldosteronism induces left atrial systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1014-H1023. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00261.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with hypertension and hyperaldosteronism show an increased risk of stroke compared with patients with essential hypertension. Aim of the study was to assess the effects of aldosterone on left atrial function in rats as a potential contributor to thromboembolism. Osmotic mini-pumps delivering 1.5 μg aldosterone/h were implanted in rats subcutaneously (Aldo, n = 39; controls, n = 38). After 8 wk, left ventricular pressure-volume analysis of isolated working hearts was performed, and left atrial systolic and diastolic function was also assessed by atrial pressure-diameter loops. Moreover, left atrial myocytes were isolated to investigate their global and local Ca2+ handling and contractility. At similar heart rates, pressure-volume analysis of isolated hearts and in vivo hemodynamic measurements revealed neither systolic nor diastolic left ventricular dysfunction in Aldo. In particular, atrial filling pressures and atrial size were not increased in Aldo. Aldo rats showed a significant reduction of atrial late diastolic A wave, atrial active work index, and increased V waves. Consistently, in Aldo rats, sarcomere shortening and the amplitude of electrically evoked global Ca2+ transients were substantially reduced. Sarcoplasmic reticulum-Ca2+ content and fractional Ca2+ release were decreased, substantiated by a reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase activity, resulting from a reduced CAMKII-evoked phosphorylation of phospholamban. Hyperaldosteronism induced atrial systolic and diastolic dysfunction, while atrial size and left ventricular hemodynamics, including filling pressures, were unaffected in rats. The described model suggests a direct causal link between hyperaldosteronism and decreased atrial contractility and diastolic compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Christian Reil
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Tauchnitz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Qinghai Tian
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dominik Linz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin Oberhofer
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gert-Hinrich Reil
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Kardiologie, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Steendijk
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Hans-Ruprecht Neuberger
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Klinikum Traunstein, Sektion Rhythmologie, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Rusconi F, Ceriotti P, Miragoli M, Carullo P, Salvarani N, Rocchetti M, Di Pasquale E, Rossi S, Tessari M, Caprari S, Cazade M, Kunderfranco P, Chemin J, Bang ML, Polticelli F, Zaza A, Faggian G, Condorelli G, Catalucci D. Peptidomimetic Targeting of Cavβ2 Overcomes Dysregulation of the L-Type Calcium Channel Density and Recovers Cardiac Function. Circulation 2016; 134:534-46. [PMID: 27486162 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) play important roles in regulating cardiomyocyte physiology, which is governed by appropriate LTCC trafficking to and density at the cell surface. Factors influencing the expression, half-life, subcellular trafficking, and gating of LTCCs are therefore critically involved in conditions of cardiac physiology and disease. METHODS Yeast 2-hybrid screenings, biochemical and molecular evaluations, protein interaction assays, fluorescence microscopy, structural molecular modeling, and functional studies were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms through which the LTCC Cavβ2 chaperone regulates channel density at the plasma membrane. RESULTS On the basis of our previous results, we found a direct linear correlation between the total amount of the LTCC pore-forming Cavα1.2 and the Akt-dependent phosphorylation status of Cavβ2 both in a mouse model of diabetic cardiac disease and in 6 diabetic and 7 nondiabetic cardiomyopathy patients with aortic stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that a conformational change in Cavβ2 triggered by Akt phosphorylation increases LTCC density at the cardiac plasma membrane, and thus the inward calcium current, through a complex pathway involving reduction of Cavα1.2 retrograde trafficking and protein degradation through the prevention of dynamin-mediated LTCC endocytosis; promotion of Cavα1.2 anterograde trafficking by blocking Kir/Gem-dependent sequestration of Cavβ2, thus facilitating the chaperoning of Cavα1.2; and promotion of Cavα1.2 transcription by the prevention of Kir/Gem-mediated shuttling of Cavβ2 to the nucleus, where it limits the transcription of Cavα1.2 through recruitment of the heterochromatin protein 1γ epigenetic repressor to the Cacna1c promoter. On the basis of this mechanism, we developed a novel mimetic peptide that, through targeting of Cavβ2, corrects LTCC life-cycle alterations, facilitating the proper function of cardiac cells. Delivery of mimetic peptide into a mouse model of diabetic cardiac disease associated with LTCC abnormalities restored impaired calcium balance and recovered cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS We have uncovered novel mechanisms modulating LTCC trafficking and life cycle and provide proof of concept for the use of Cavβ2 mimetic peptide as a novel therapeutic tool for the improvement of cardiac conditions correlated with alterations in LTCC levels and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rusconi
- From Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (F.R., P. Ceriotti, M.M., P. Carullo, N.S., E.D.P., P.K., M.-L.B., G.C., D.C.); Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan National Research Council, Milan, Italy (F.R., P. Carullo, N.S., E.D.P., M.-L.B., D.C.); Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (M.R., A.Z.); Departments of Life Sciences (S.R.) and Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), University of Parma, Parma, Italy; University Hospital of Verona, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Verona, Italy (M.T., G.F.); Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy (S.C., F.P.); University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM, Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Functional Genomics, LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Montpellier, France (M.C., J.C.); and National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Rome Tre Section, Rome, Italy (F.P.)
| | - Paola Ceriotti
- From Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (F.R., P. Ceriotti, M.M., P. Carullo, N.S., E.D.P., P.K., M.-L.B., G.C., D.C.); Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research UOS Milan National Research Council, Milan, Italy (F.R., P. Carullo, N.S., E.D.P., M.-L.B., D.C.); Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (M.R., A.Z.); Departments of Life Sciences (S.R.) and Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), University of Parma, Parma, Italy; University Hospital of Verona, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Verona, Italy (M.T., G.F.); Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy (S.C., F.P.); University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM, Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Functional Genomics, LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Montpellier, France (M.C., J.C.); and National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Rome Tre Section, Rome, Italy (F.P.)
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Yeh YL, Hu WS, Ting WJ, Shen CY, Hsu HH, Chung LC, Tu CC, Chang SH, Day CH, Tsai Y, Huang CY. Hypoxia Augments Increased HIF-1α and Reduced Survival Protein p-Akt in Gelsolin (GSN)-Dependent Cardiomyoblast Cell Apoptosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:221-8. [PMID: 27193608 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton filaments play an important role in cellular functions such as maintaining cell shape, cell motility, intracellular transport, and cell division. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) have numerous functions including regulation of actin filament nucleation, elongation, severing, capping, cross linking, and actin monomer sequestration. Gelsolin (GSN) is one of the actin-binding proteins. Gelsolin (GSN) is one of the actin-binding proteins that regulate cell morphology, differentiation, movement, and apoptosis. GSN also regulates cell morphology, differentiation, movement, and apoptosis. In this study, we have used H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell and H9c2-GSN stable clones to understand the roles and mechanisms of GSN overexpression in hypoxia-induced cardiomyoblast cell death. The data show that hypoxia or GSN overexpression induces HIF-1α expression and reduces the expression of survival markers p-Akt and Bcl-2 in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Under hypoxic conditions, GSN overexpression further reduces p-Akt expression and elevates total as well as cleaved GSN levels and HIF-1α levels. In addition, GSN overexpression enhances apoptosis in cardiomyoblasts under hypoxia. Hypoxic challenge further induced activated caspase-3 and cell death that was attenuated after GSN knock down, which implies that GSN is a critical therapeutic target against hypoxia-induced cardiomyoblast cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Jen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road 404, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Chung
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan County, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chou Tu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Chang
- Department of Health, Tsao-Tun Psychiatric Center, Executive Yuan, Nantou, 54249, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuhsin Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road 404, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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The Ever Changing Moods of Calmodulin: How Structural Plasticity Entails Transductional Adaptability. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2717-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Hofmann F, Flockerzi V, Kahl S, Wegener JW. L-type CaV1.2 calcium channels: from in vitro findings to in vivo function. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:303-26. [PMID: 24382889 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-type Cav1.2 calcium channel is present throughout the animal kingdom and is essential for some aspects of CNS function, cardiac and smooth muscle contractility, neuroendocrine regulation, and multiple other processes. The L-type CaV1.2 channel is built by up to four subunits; all subunits exist in various splice variants that potentially affect the biophysical and biological functions of the channel. Many of the CaV1.2 channel properties have been analyzed in heterologous expression systems including regulation of the L-type CaV1.2 channel by Ca(2+) itself and protein kinases. However, targeted mutations of the calcium channel genes confirmed only some of these in vitro findings. Substitution of the respective serines by alanine showed that β-adrenergic upregulation of the cardiac CaV1.2 channel did not depend on the phosphorylation of the in vitro specified amino acids. Moreover, well-established in vitro phosphorylation sites of the CaVβ2 subunit of the cardiac L-type CaV1.2 channel were found to be irrelevant for the in vivo regulation of the channel. However, the molecular basis of some kinetic properties, such as Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation and facilitation, has been approved by in vivo mutagenesis of the CaV1.2α1 gene. This article summarizes recent findings on the in vivo relevance of well-established in vitro results.
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Striessnig J, Pinggera A, Kaur G, Bock G, Tuluc P. L-type Ca 2+ channels in heart and brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3:15-38. [PMID: 24683526 PMCID: PMC3968275 DOI: 10.1002/wmts.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
L-type calcium channels (Cav1) represent one of the three major classes (Cav1–3) of voltage-gated calcium channels. They were identified as the target of clinically used calcium channel blockers (CCBs; so-called calcium antagonists) and were the first class accessible to biochemical characterization. Four of the 10 known α1 subunits (Cav1.1–Cav1.4) form the pore of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) and contain the high-affinity drug-binding sites for dihydropyridines and other chemical classes of organic CCBs. In essentially all electrically excitable cells one or more of these LTCC isoforms is expressed, and therefore it is not surprising that many body functions including muscle, brain, endocrine, and sensory function depend on proper LTCC activity. Gene knockouts and inherited human diseases have allowed detailed insight into the physiological and pathophysiological role of these channels. Genome-wide association studies and analysis of human genomes are currently providing even more hints that even small changes of channel expression or activity may be associated with disease, such as psychiatric disease or cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is important to understand the structure–function relationship of LTCC isoforms, their differential contribution to physiological function, as well as their fine-tuning by modulatory cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Pinggera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriella Bock
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petronel Tuluc
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Marsman RF, Barc J, Beekman L, Alders M, Dooijes D, van den Wijngaard A, Ratbi I, Sefiani A, Bhuiyan ZA, Wilde AAM, Bezzina CR. A mutation in CALM1 encoding calmodulin in familial idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in childhood and adolescence. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 63:259-66. [PMID: 24076290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the genetic defect in a family with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) manifesting in childhood and adolescence. BACKGROUND Although sudden cardiac death in the young is rare, it frequently presents as the first clinical manifestation of an underlying inherited arrhythmia syndrome. Gene discovery for IVF is important as it enables the identification of individuals at risk, because except for arrhythmia, IVF does not manifest with identifiable clinical abnormalities. METHODS Exome sequencing was carried out on 2 family members who were both successfully resuscitated from a cardiac arrest. RESULTS We characterized a family presenting with a history of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden death without electrocardiographic or echocardiographic abnormalities at rest. Two siblings died suddenly at the ages of 9 and 10 years, and another 2 were resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with documented VF at ages 10 and 16 years, respectively. Exome sequencing identified a missense mutation affecting a highly conserved residue (p.F90L) in the CALM1 gene encoding calmodulin. This mutation was also carried by 1 of the siblings who died suddenly, from whom DNA was available. The mutation was present in the mother and in another sibling, both asymptomatic but displaying a marginally prolonged QT interval during exercise. CONCLUSIONS We identified a mutation in CALM1 underlying IVF manifesting in childhood and adolescence. The causality of the mutation is supported by previous studies demonstrating that F90 mediates the direct interaction of CaM with target peptides. Our approach highlights the utility of exome sequencing in uncovering the genetic defect even in families with a small number of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos F Marsman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Barc
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leander Beekman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilham Ratbi
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zahurul A Bhuiyan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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He G, Guo F, Zhu T, Shao D, Feng R, Yin D, Sun X, Hu H, Hwang A, Minobe E, Kameyama M, Hao L. Lobe-related concentration- and Ca(2+)-dependent interactions of calmodulin with C- and N-terminal tails of the CaV1.2 channel. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:345-53. [PMID: 23733657 PMCID: PMC10717684 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the bindings of calmodulin (CaM) and its mutants with the C- and N-terminal tails of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel CaV1.2 at different CaM and Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]) by using the pull-down assay method to obtain basic information on the binding mode, including its concentration- and Ca(2+)-dependencies. Our data show that more than one CaM molecule could bind to the CaV1.2 C-terminal tail at high [Ca(2+)]. Additionally, the C-lobe of CaM is highly critical in sensing the change of [Ca(2+)] in its binding to the C-terminal tail of CaV1.2, and the binding between CaM and the N-terminal tail of CaV1.2 requires high [Ca(2+)]. Our data provide new details on the interactions between CaM and the CaV1.2 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Dongxue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Ahhyeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
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Oberhofer M, Tian Q, Ruppenthal S, Wegener S, Reil JC, Körbel C, Hammer K, Menger M, Neuberger HR, Kaestner L, Lipp P. Calcium dysregulation in ventricular myocytes from mice expressing constitutively active Rac1. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shaw RM, Colecraft HM. L-type calcium channel targeting and local signalling in cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:177-86. [PMID: 23417040 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, Ca(2+) influx via Ca(V)1.2 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) is a multi-functional signal that triggers muscle contraction, controls action potential duration, and regulates gene expression. The use of LTCC Ca(2+) as a multi-dimensional signalling molecule in the heart is complicated by several aspects of cardiac physiology. Cytosolic Ca(2+) continuously cycles between ~100 nM and ~1 μM with each heartbeat due to Ca(2+) linked signalling from LTCCs to ryanodine receptors. This rapid cycling raises the question as to how cardiac myocytes distinguish the Ca(2+) fluxes originating through L-type channels that are dedicated to contraction from Ca(2+) fluxes originating from other L-type channels that are used for non-contraction-related signalling. In general, disparate Ca(2+) sources in cardiac myocytes such as current through differently localized LTCCs as well as from IP3 receptors can signal selectively to Ca(2+)-dependent effectors in local microdomains that can be impervious to the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) transients that drive contraction. A particular challenge for diversified signalling via cardiac LTCCs is that they are voltage-gated and, therefore, open and presumably flood their microdomains with Ca(2+) with each action potential. Thus spatial localization of Cav1.2 channels to different types of microdomains of the ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane as well as the existence of particular macromolecular complexes in each Cav1.2 microdomain are important to effect different types of Cav1.2 signalling. In this review we examine aspects of Cav1.2 structure, targeting and signalling in two specialized membrane microdomains--transverse tubules and caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Shaw
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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