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Kratochvilova A, Knopfova L, Gregorkova J, Gruber R, Janeckova E, Chai Y, Matalova E. FasL impacts Tgfb signaling in osteoblastic cells. Cells Dev 2024:203929. [PMID: 38810946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL, CD178) belongs to classical apoptotic molecules, however, recent evidence expands the spectrum of FasL functions into non-apoptotic processes which also applies for the bone. Tgfb subfamily members (Tgfb1, Tgfb2, Tgfb3) represent major components in osteogenic pathways and extracellular matrix. Their possible association with FasL has not yet been investigated but can be postulated. To test such a hypothesis, FasL deficient (gld) calvaria-derived cells were examined with a focus on the expression of Tgfb receptor ligands. The qPCR analysis revealed significantly increased expression of Tgfb1, Tgfb2 and Tgfb3 in gld cells. To check the vice versa effect, the gld cells were stimulated by soluble FasL. As a consequence, a dramatic decrease in expression levels of all three ligands was observed. This phenomenon was also confirmed in IDG-SW3 (osteoblastic cells of endochondral origin). TFLink gateway identified Fosl2 as an exclusive candidate of FasL capable to impact expression of all three Tgfb ligands. However, Fosl2 siRNA did not cause any significant changes in expression of Tgfb ligands. Therefore, the upregulation of the three ligands is likely to occur separately. In this respect, we tested the only exclusive candidate transcription factor for Tgfb3, Prrx1. Additionally, an overlapping candidate for Tgfb1 and Tgfb2, Mef2c capable to modulate expression of sclerostin, was examined. Prrx1 as well as Mef2c were found upregulated in gld samples and their expression decreased after addition of FasL. The same effect of FasL treatment was observed in the IDG-SW3 model. Taken together, FasL deficiency causes an increase in the expression of Tgfb ligands and stimulation by FasL reduces Tgfb expression in osteoblastic cells. The candidates mediating the effect comprise Prrx1 for Tgfb3 and Mef2c for Tgfb1/2. These results indicate FasL as a novel cytokine interfering with Tgfb signaling and thus the complex osteogenic network. The emerging non-apoptotic functions of FasL in bone development and maintenance should also be considered in treatment strategies such as the anti-osteoporotic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Kratochvilova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Knopfova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Janka Gregorkova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Yang Chai
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Eva Matalova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Khan AQ, Hasan A, Mir SS, Rashid K, Uddin S, Steinhoff M. Exploiting transcription factors to target EMT and cancer stem cells for tumor modulation and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 100:1-16. [PMID: 38503384 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are essential in controlling gene regulatory networks that determine cellular fate during embryogenesis and tumor development. TFs are the major players in promoting cancer stemness by regulating the function of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding how TFs interact with their downstream targets for determining cell fate during embryogenesis and tumor development is a critical area of research. CSCs are increasingly recognized for their significance in tumorigenesis and patient prognosis, as they play a significant role in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. However, traditional therapies have limited effectiveness in eliminating this subset of cells, allowing CSCs to persist and potentially form secondary tumors. Recent studies have revealed that cancer cells and tumors with CSC-like features also exhibit genes related to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT-associated transcription factors (EMT-TFs) like TWIST and Snail/Slug can upregulate EMT-related genes and reprogram cancer cells into a stem-like phenotype. Importantly, the regulation of EMT-TFs, particularly through post-translational modifications (PTMs), plays a significant role in cancer metastasis and the acquisition of stem cell-like features. PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can alter the stability, localization, and activity of EMT-TFs, thereby modulating their ability to drive EMT and stemness properties in cancer cells. Although targeting EMT-TFs holds potential in tackling CSCs, current pharmacological approaches to do so directly are unavailable. Therefore, this review aims to explore the role of EMT- and CSC-TFs, their connection and impact in cellular development and cancer, emphasizing the potential of TF networks as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Urology,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Wang Y, Narasimamurthy R, Qu M, Shi N, Guo H, Xue Y, Barker N. Circadian regulation of cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment during metastasis. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:546-556. [PMID: 38654103 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates daily rhythms of numerous physiological activities through tightly coordinated modulation of gene expression and biochemical functions. Circadian disruption is associated with enhanced tumor formation and metastasis via dysregulation of key biological processes and modulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their specialized microenvironment. Here, we review how the circadian clock influences CSCs and their local tumor niches in the context of different stages of tumor metastasis. Identifying circadian therapeutic targets could facilitate the development of new treatments that leverage circadian modulation to ablate tumor-resident CSCs, inhibit tumor metastasis and enhance response to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Qu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Nuolin Shi
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuezhen Xue
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nick Barker
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Yu B, Cai Z, Liu J, Zhang T, Feng X, Wang C, Li J, Gu Y, Zhang J. Identification of key differentially methylated genes in regulating muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in chickens. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130737. [PMID: 38460642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Muscle development and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition are intricate physiological processes characterized by multiple gene expressions and interactions. In this research, the phenotypic variations in the breast muscle of Jingyuan chickens were examined at three different time points: 42, 126, and 180 days old. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs) responsible for regulating muscle development and IMF deposition. The findings indicate a significant increase in breast muscle weight (BMW), myofiber diameter, and cross-sectional area, as well as IMF content, in correlation with the progressive number of growing days in Jingyuan chickens. The findings also revealed that 380 hypo-methylated and 253 hyper-methylated DMGs were identified between the three groups of breast muscle. Module gene and DMG association analysis identified m6A methylation-mediated multiple DMGs associated with muscle development and fat metabolism. In vitro cell modeling analysis reveals stage-specific differences in the expression of CUBN, MEGF10, BOP1, and BMPR2 during the differentiation of myoblasts and intramuscular preadipocytes. Cycloleucine treatment significantly inhibited the expression levels of CUBN, BOP1, and BMPR2, and promoted the expression of MEGF10. These results suggest that m6A methylation-mediated CUBN, MEGF10, BOP1, and BMPR2 can serve as potential candidate genes for regulating muscle development and IMF deposition, and provide an important theoretical basis for further investigation of the functional mechanism of m6A modification involved in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhengyun Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chuanchuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yaling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Yin ZN, Lai FL, Gao F. Unveiling human origins of replication using deep learning: accurate prediction and comprehensive analysis. Brief Bioinform 2023; 25:bbad432. [PMID: 38008420 PMCID: PMC10676776 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of replication origins (ORIs) is crucial for a comprehensive investigation into the progression of human cell growth and cancer therapy. Here, we proposed a computational approach Ori-FinderH, which can efficiently and precisely predict the human ORIs of various lengths by combining the Z-curve method with deep learning approach. Compared with existing methods, Ori-FinderH exhibits superior performance, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9616 for K562 cell line in 10-fold cross-validation. In addition, we also established a cross-cell-line predictive model, which yielded a further improved AUC of 0.9706. The model was subsequently employed as a fitness function to support genetic algorithm for generating artificial ORIs. Sequence analysis through iORI-Euk revealed that a vast majority of the created sequences, specifically 98% or more, incorporate at least one ORI for three cell lines (Hela, MCF7 and K562). This innovative approach could provide more efficient, accurate and comprehensive information for experimental investigation, thereby further advancing the development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Yin
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fei-Liao Lai
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhao Y, He S, Huang J, Liu M. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Muscle pH in Texel Sheep × Altay Sheep F 2 Resource Population. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2162. [PMID: 37443959 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
pH was one of the important meat quality traits, which was an important factor affecting the storage/shelf life and quality of meat in meat production. In order to find a way to extend the storage/shelf life, the pH values (pH45min, pH24h, pH48h and pH72h) of the longissimus dorsi muscles in F2 individuals of 462 Texel sheep × Altay sheep were determined, genotyping was performed using Illumina Ovine SNP 600 K BeadChip and whole genome resequencing technology, a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was used to screen the candidate genes and molecular markers for pH values related to the quality traits of mutton, and the effects of population stratification were detected by Q-Q plots. The results showed that the pH population stratification analysis did not find significant systemic bias, and there was no obvious population stratification effect. The results of the association analysis showed that 28 SNPs significantly associated with pH reached the level of genomic significance. The candidate gene associated with pH45min was identified as the CCDC92 gene by gene annotation and a search of the literature. Candidate genes related to pH24h were KDM4C, TGFB2 and GOT2 genes. The candidate genes related to pH48h were MMP12 and MMP13 genes. The candidate genes related to pH72h were HILPDA and FAT1 genes. Further bioinformatics analyses showed 24 gene ontology terms and five signaling pathways that were significantly enriched (p ≤ 0.05). Many terms and pathways were related to cellular components, processes of protein modification, the activity of protein dimerization and hydrolase activity. These identified SNPs and genes could provide useful information about meat and the storage/shelf life of meat, thereby extending the storage/shelf life and quality of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Changji 831100, China
| | - Sangang He
- Biotechnology Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
| | | | - Mingjun Liu
- Biotechnology Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
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7
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Yu B, Cai Z, Liu J, Zhao W, Fu X, Gu Y, Zhang J. Transcriptome and co-expression network analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of inosine monophosphate-specific deposition in chicken muscle. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1199311. [PMID: 37265843 PMCID: PMC10229883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1199311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inosine monophosphate (IMP) content in chicken meat is closely related to muscle quality and is an important factor affecting meat flavor. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the IMP-specific deposition in muscle remain unclear. This study performed transcriptome analysis of muscle tissues from different parts, feeding methods, sexes, and breeds of 180-day-old Jingyuan chickens, combined with differential expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), to identify the functional genes that regulate IMP deposition. Out of the four comparison groups, 1,775, 409, 102, and 60 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which PDHA2, ACSS2, PGAM1, GAPDH, PGM1, GPI, and TPI1 may be involved in the anabolic process of muscle IMP in the form of energy metabolism or amino acid metabolism. WGCNA identified 11 biofunctional modules associated with IMP deposition. The brown, midnight blue, red, and yellow modules were strongly correlated with IMP and cooking loss (p < 0.05). Functional enrichment analysis showed that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism, regulated by PYCR1, SMOX, and ACSS2, were necessary for muscle IMP-specific deposition. In addition, combined analyses of DEGs and four WGCNA modules identified TGIF1 and THBS1 as potential candidate genes affecting IMP deposition in muscle. This study explored the functional genes that regulate muscle development and IMP synthesis from multiple perspectives, providing an important theoretical basis for improving the meat quality and molecular breeding of Jingyuan chickens.
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Solidum JGN, Jeong Y, Heralde F, Park D. Differential regulation of skeletal stem/progenitor cells in distinct skeletal compartments. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1137063. [PMID: 36926193 PMCID: PMC10013690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1137063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs), characterized by self-renewal and multipotency, are essential for skeletal development, bone remodeling, and bone repair. These cells have traditionally been known to reside within the bone marrow, but recent studies have identified the presence of distinct SSPC populations in other skeletal compartments such as the growth plate, periosteum, and calvarial sutures. Differences in the cellular and matrix environment of distinct SSPC populations are believed to regulate their stemness and to direct their roles at different stages of development, homeostasis, and regeneration; differences in embryonic origin and adjacent tissue structures also affect SSPC regulation. As these SSPC niches are dynamic and highly specialized, changes under stress conditions and with aging can alter the cellular composition and molecular mechanisms in place, contributing to the dysregulation of local SSPCs and their activity in bone regeneration. Therefore, a better understanding of the different regulatory mechanisms for the distinct SSPCs in each skeletal compartment, and in different conditions, could provide answers to the existing knowledge gap and the impetus for realizing their potential in this biological and medical space. Here, we summarize the current scientific advances made in the study of the differential regulation pathways for distinct SSPCs in different bone compartments. We also discuss the physical, biological, and molecular factors that affect each skeletal compartment niche. Lastly, we look into how aging influences the regenerative capacity of SSPCs. Understanding these regulatory differences can open new avenues for the discovery of novel treatment approaches for calvarial or long bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Giezl Niedo Solidum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Youngjae Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francisco Heralde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Dongsu Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Skeletal Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo M, Martinez-Amaro FJ, Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Aranega AE, Franco D. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Molecular Determinants during Cardiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052839. [PMID: 35269981 PMCID: PMC8911333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is initiated soon after gastrulation as bilateral precardiac mesoderm is progressively symmetrically determined at both sides of the developing embryo. The precardiac mesoderm subsequently fused at the embryonic midline constituting an embryonic linear heart tube. As development progress, the embryonic heart displays the first sign of left-right asymmetric morphology by the invariably rightward looping of the initial heart tube and prospective embryonic ventricular and atrial chambers emerged. As cardiac development progresses, the atrial and ventricular chambers enlarged and distinct left and right compartments emerge as consequence of the formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa, respectively. The last steps of cardiac morphogenesis are represented by the completion of atrial and ventricular septation, resulting in the configuration of a double circuitry with distinct systemic and pulmonary chambers, each of them with distinct inlets and outlets connections. Over the last decade, our understanding of the contribution of multiple growth factor signaling cascades such as Tgf-beta, Bmp and Wnt signaling as well as of transcriptional regulators to cardiac morphogenesis have greatly enlarged. Recently, a novel layer of complexity has emerged with the discovery of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and lncRNAs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the contribution of non-coding RNAs during cardiac development. microRNAs and lncRNAs have been reported to functional modulate all stages of cardiac morphogenesis, spanning from lateral plate mesoderm formation to outflow tract septation, by modulating major growth factor signaling pathways as well as those transcriptional regulators involved in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Francisco Jose Martinez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Expression and clinical significance of paired- related homeobox 1 and Smad2 in gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:154-160. [PMID: 32868636 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has a high incidence rate and low survival rate of gastric cancer. Therefore, there is a great need to further identify novel oncogenes and clinically applicable molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. METHODS Expressions of PRRX1, Smad2, epithelial phenotype marker E-cadherin, and interstitial phenotype vimentin protein in a sample of 64 gastric carcinoma and adjacent nontumorous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Their relationship and correlations with clinicopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS The positive rates of PRRX1, Smad2, E-cadherin, and vimentin protein in primary tumors were 60.94% (39/64), 59.38% (38/64), 34.38%(22/64), and 64.06% (41/64), respectively. A significant correlation was found among the expression of PRRX1, Smad2, E-cadherin, and vimentin (P < 0.05). Expression of the PRRX1, Smad2, and vimentin protein in gastric cancer tissue was correlated with Borrmann classification, lymph node-positive number, the degree of differentiation, depth of tumor invasion, and serum pepsinogen I (PGI) level (P < 0.05), but not with age, sex, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, serum CA199, or PGI/PGII (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The positive rate of PRRX1 protein expression was positively correlated with the protein expression of Smad2 and vimentin, but negatively correlated with E-cadherin protein. PRRX1, Smad2, and vimentin proteins are associated with Borrmann type, lymph node positives, histologic grade, depth of tumor invasion, and serum PGI levels, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer.
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Dankel SN, Grytten E, Bjune JI, Nielsen HJ, Dietrich A, Blüher M, Sagen JV, Mellgren G. COL6A3 expression in adipose tissue cells is associated with levels of the homeobox transcription factor PRRX1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20164. [PMID: 33214660 PMCID: PMC7678848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar collagen COL6α3 in adipose tissue has been associated with obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and cancer. We here aimed to identify novel transcriptional regulators of COL6A3 expression. Based on a transcriptome dataset of adipose tissue, we identified strong correlations for 56 genes with COL6A3 mRNA, including targets of TGF-β/SMAD signaling. Among the identified candidates, the homeobox transcription factor PRRX1 showed a particularly striking co-expression with COL6A3, validated across several different cohorts, including patients with extreme obesity, insulin sensitive and resistant obesity (subcutaneous and omental), after profound fat loss (subcutaneous), and lean controls (subcutaneous). In human and mouse adipose cells, PRRX1 knockdown reduced COL6A3 mRNA and PRRX1 overexpression transactivated a reporter construct with the endogenous human COL6A3 promoter. Stable PRRX1 overexpression in 3T3-L1 cells induced Col6a3 mRNA threefold specifically after adipogenic induction, whereas TGF-β1 treatment upregulated Col6a3 mRNA also in the preadipocyte state. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory stimulus (i.e., TNF-α treatment) decreased PRRX1-mediated Col6a3 transactivation and mRNA expression, supporting a role for this mechanism in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation. In conclusion, we identified the homeobox factor PRRX1 as a novel transcriptional regulator associated with COL6A3 expression, providing new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of altered adipose tissue function in obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Elise Grytten
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan-Inge Bjune
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Esposito A, Wang L, Li T, Miranda M, Spagnoli A. Role of Prx1-expressing skeletal cells and Prx1-expression in fracture repair. Bone 2020; 139:115521. [PMID: 32629173 PMCID: PMC7484205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The healing capacity of bones after fracture implies the existence of adult regenerative cells. However, information on identification and functional role of fracture-induced progenitors is still lacking. Paired-related homeobox 1 (Prx1) is expressed during skeletogenesis. We hypothesize that fracture recapitulates Prx1's expression, and Prx1 expressing cells are critical to induce repair. To address our hypothesis, we used a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, short and long-term cell tracking analyses of progenies and actively expressing cells, cell ablation studies, and rodent animal models for normal and defective fracture healing. We found that fracture elicits a periosteal and endosteal response of perivascular Prx1+ cells that participate in fracture healing and showed that Prx1-expressing cells have a functional role in the repair process. While Prx1-derived cells contribute to the callus, Prx1's expression decreases concurrently with differentiation into cartilaginous and bone cells, similarly to when Prx1+ cells are cultured in differentiating conditions. We determined that bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), through C-X-C motif-ligand-12 (CXCL12) signaling, modulates the downregulation of Prx1. We demonstrated that fracture elicits an early increase in BMP2 expression, followed by a decrease in CXCL12 that in turn down-regulates Prx1, allowing cells to commit to osteochondrogenesis. In vivo and in vitro treatment with CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 restored Prx1 expression by modulating the BMP2-CXCL12 axis. Our studies represent a shift in the current research that has primarily focused on the identification of markers for postnatal skeletal progenitors, and instead we characterized the function of a specific population (Prx1+ cells) and their expression marker (Prx1) as a crossroad in fracture repair. The identification of fracture-induced perivascular Prx1+ cells and regulation of Prx1's expression by BMP2 and in turn by CXCL12 in the orchestration of fracture repair, highlights a pathway in which to investigate defective mechanisms and therapeutic targets for fracture non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Esposito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tieshi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mariana Miranda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Spagnoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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13
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Identification of strong candidate genes for backfat and intramuscular fatty acid composition in three crosses based on the Iberian pig. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13962. [PMID: 32811870 PMCID: PMC7435270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality has an important genetic component and can be modified by the fatty acid (FA) composition and the amount of fat contained in adipose tissue and muscle. The present study aimed to find genomic regions associated with the FA composition in backfat and muscle (longissimus dorsi) in 439 pigs with three different genetic backgrounds but having the Iberian breed in common. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed between 38,424 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the pig genome and 60 phenotypic traits related to backfat and muscle FA composition. Nine significant associated regions were found in backfat on the Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC): SSC1, SSC2, SSC4, SSC6, SSC8, SSC10, SSC12, and SSC16. For the intramuscular fat, six significant associated regions were identified on SSC4, SSC13, SSC14, and SSC17. A total of 52 candidate genes were proposed to explain the variation in backfat and muscle FA composition traits. GWAS were also reanalysed including SNPs on five candidate genes (ELOVL6, ELOVL7, FADS2, FASN, and SCD). Regions and molecular markers described in our study may be useful for meat quality selection of commercial pig breeds, although several polymorphisms were breed-specific, and further analysis would be needed to evaluate possible causal mutations.
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14
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Figueroa CA, Bajgain P, Stohn JP, Hernandez A, Brooks DJ, Houseknecht KL, Rosen CJ. Deletion of α-Synuclein in Prrx1-positive cells causes partial loss of function in the central nervous system (CNS) but does not affect ovariectomy induced bone loss. Bone 2020; 137:115428. [PMID: 32417536 PMCID: PMC8260189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a small 140 amino acid polypeptide encoded by the Snca gene that is highly expressed in neural tissue, but it is also found in osteoblasts, erythroblasts, macrophages, and adipose tissue. Previously, using co-expression network analysis we found that Snca was a key regulator of skeletal homeostasis, and its deletion partially prevented bone loss after ovariectomy (OVX). Here we tested the hypothesis that Snca deletion in mesenchymal progenitors using the Prrx1Cre (Prrx1, Paired-related homeobox 1) limb enhancer would protect bone mass after OVX. Prrx1Cre;Sncafl/fl and littermate controls (Sncafl/fl) were sham operated or ovariectomized (OVX) at 8 weeks of age and sacrificed at 20 weeks. Independently, eight-week female and male Prrx1Cre;Sncafl/fl mice and littermate controls were administered a high fat (60% fat) or low fat (10% fat) diet for 15 weeks. Bone loss was not prevented in either genotype after ovariectomy, but the Prrx1Cre;Sncafl/fl. mice were partially protected from weight gain after OVX and high fat diet (HFD). Serum catecholamine levels were lower in the Prrx1Cre;Sncafl/fl both on a low fat diet (LFD) and HFD versus fl/fl controls. Importantly, mutant mice exhibited a number of physical and behavioral phenotypes that were associated with conditional deletion of Snca in several brain regions. Cells labeled with Prrx1 were noted throughout the central nervous system (CNS). These data support earlier preliminary reports of Prrx1 expression in neural progenitors, and raise a cautionary note about the evaluation of skeletal and body composition phenotypes when using this Cre driver to study osteoprogenitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratima Bajgain
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MMCRI, Scarborough, ME, USA..
| | - J Patrizia Stohn
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MMCRI, Scarborough, ME, USA..
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MMCRI, Scarborough, ME, USA..
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Karen L Houseknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA..
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MMCRI, Scarborough, ME, USA..
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15
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Wu Y, Broadaway KA, Raulerson CK, Scott LJ, Pan C, Ko A, He A, Tilford C, Fuchsberger C, Locke AE, Stringham HM, Jackson AU, Narisu N, Kuusisto J, Pajukanta P, Collins FS, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Lusis AJ, Civelek M, Mohlke KL. Colocalization of GWAS and eQTL signals at loci with multiple signals identifies additional candidate genes for body fat distribution. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:4161-4172. [PMID: 31691812 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies enables identification of candidate genes. However, evaluating whether nearby signals may share causal variants, termed colocalization, is affected by the presence of allelic heterogeneity, different variants at the same locus impacting the same phenotype. We previously identified eQTL in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 770 participants in the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study and detected 15 eQTL signals that colocalized with GWAS signals for waist-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI) from the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits consortium. Here, we reevaluated evidence of colocalization using two approaches, conditional analysis and the Bayesian test COLOC, and show that providing COLOC with approximate conditional summary statistics at multi-signal GWAS loci can reconcile disagreements in colocalization classification between the two tests. Next, we performed conditional analysis on the METSIM subcutaneous adipose tissue data to identify conditionally distinct or secondary eQTL signals. We used the two approaches to test for colocalization with WHRadjBMI GWAS signals and evaluated the differences in colocalization classification between the two tests. Through these analyses, we identified four GWAS signals colocalized with secondary eQTL signals for FAM13A, SSR3, GRB14 and FMO1. Thus, at loci with multiple eQTL and/or GWAS signals, analyzing each signal independently enabled additional candidate genes to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - K Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chelsea K Raulerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aiqing He
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | | | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, University of Lübeck, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Adam E Locke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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16
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Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Chartoumpekis DV, Kyriazopoulou V, Zaravinos A. EMT Factors and Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 32318352 PMCID: PMC7154126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a biological program during which epithelial cells lose their cell identity and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is normally observed during organismal development, wound healing and tissue fibrosis. However, this process can be hijacked by cancer cells and is often associated with resistance to apoptosis, acquisition of tissue invasiveness, cancer stem cell characteristics, and cancer treatment resistance. It is becoming evident that EMT is a complex, multifactorial spectrum, often involving episodic, transient or partial events. Multiple factors have been causally implicated in EMT including transcription factors (e.g., SNAIL, TWIST, ZEB), epigenetic modifications, microRNAs (e.g., miR-200 family) and more recently, long non-coding RNAs. However, the relevance of metabolic pathways in EMT is only recently being recognized. Importantly, alterations in key metabolic pathways affect cancer development and progression. In this review, we report the roles of key EMT factors and describe their interactions and interconnectedness. We introduce metabolic pathways that are involved in EMT, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and characterize the relationship between EMT factors and cancer metabolism. Finally, we present therapeutic opportunities involving EMT, with particular focus on cancer metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Venetsana Kyriazopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe the in vitro and in vivo methods that researchers use to model and investigate bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds). RECENT FINDINGS The bone marrow (BM) niche is one of the most interesting and dynamic tissues of the human body. Relatively little is understood about BMAds, perhaps in part because these cells do not easily survive flow cytometry and histology processing and hence have been overlooked. Recently, researchers have developed in vitro and in vivo models to study normal function and dysfunction in the BM niche. Using these models, scientists and clinicians have noticed that BMAds, which form bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), are able to respond to numerous signals and stimuli, and communicate with local cells and distant tissues in the body. This review provides an overview of how BMAds are modeled and studied in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Center for Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
- University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, USA.
- School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Truong JL, Liu M, Tolg C, Barr M, Dai C, Raissi TC, Wong E, DeLyzer T, Yazdani A, Turley EA. Creating a Favorable Microenvironment for Fat Grafting in a Novel Model of Radiation-Induced Mammary Fat Pad Fibrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 145:116-126. [PMID: 31881612 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofibrosis of breast tissue compromises breast reconstruction by interfering with tissue viability and healing. Autologous fat transfer may reduce radiotherapy-related tissue injury, but graft survival is compromised by the fibrotic microenvironment. Elevated expression of receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM; also known as hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor, or HMMR) in wounds decreases adipogenesis and increases fibrosis. The authors therefore developed RHAMM peptide mimetics to block RHAMM profibrotic signaling following radiation. They propose that this blocking peptide will decrease radiofibrosis and establish a microenvironment favoring adipose-derived stem cell survival using a rat mammary fat pad model. METHODS Rat mammary fat pads underwent a one-time radiation dose of 26 Gy. Irradiated (n = 10) and nonirradiated (n = 10) fat pads received a single intramammary injection of a sham injection or peptide NPI-110. Skin changes were examined clinically. Mammary fat pad tissue was processed for fibrotic and adipogenic markers using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Clinical assessments and molecular analysis confirmed radiation-induced acute skin changes and radiation-induced fibrosis in rat mammary fat pads. Peptide treatment reduced fibrosis, as detected by polarized microscopy of picrosirius red staining, increased collagen ratio of 3:1, reduced expression of collagen-1 crosslinking enzymes lysyl-oxidase, transglutaminase 2, and transforming growth factor β1 protein, and increased adiponectin, an antifibrotic adipokine. RHAMM was expressed in stromal cell subsets and was downregulated by the RHAMM peptide mimetic. CONCLUSION Results from this study predict that blocking RHAMM function in stromal cell subsets can provide a postradiotherapy microenvironment more suitable for fat grafting and breast reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Truong
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Muhan Liu
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Meredith Barr
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Cecilia Dai
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Thomas C Raissi
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Eugene Wong
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Tanya DeLyzer
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Arjang Yazdani
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
| | - Eva A Turley
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University; and the London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital
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19
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Bai WW, Tang ZY, Shan TC, Jing XJ, Li P, Qin WD, Song P, Wang B, Xu J, Liu Z, Yu HY, Ma ZM, Wang SX, Liu C, Guo T. Up-regulation of paired-related homeobox 2 promotes cardiac fibrosis in mice following myocardial infarction by targeting of Wnt5a. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:2319-2329. [PMID: 31880857 PMCID: PMC7011146 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a key factor to determine the prognosis in patient with myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the transcriptional factor paired‐related homeobox 2 (Prrx2) regulates Wnt5a gene expression and the role in myocardial fibrosis following MI. The MI surgery was performed by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac remodelling was assessed by measuring interstitial fibrosis performed with Masson staining. Cell differentiation was examined by analysis the expression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Both Prrx2 and Wnt5a gene expressions were up‐regulated in mice following MI, accompanied with increased mRNA and protein levels of α‐SMA, collagen I and collagen III, compared to mice with sham surgery. Adenovirus‐mediated gene knock down of Prrx2 increased survival rate, alleviated cardiac fibrosis, decreased infarction sizes and improved cardiac functions in mice with MI. Importantly, inhibition of Prrx2 suppressed ischaemia‐induced Wnt5a gene expression and Wnt5a signalling. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, TGF‐β increased gene expressions of Prrx2 and Wnt5a, and induced cell differentiations, which were abolished by gene silence of either Prrx2 or Wnt5a. Further, overexpression of Prrx2 or Wnt5a mirrored the effects of TGF‐β on cell differentiations of cardiac fibroblasts. Gene silence of Wnt5a also ablated cell differentiations induced by Prrx2 overexpression in cardiac fibroblasts. Mechanically, Prrx2 was able to bind with Wnt5a gene promoter to up‐regulate Wnt5a gene expression. In conclusions, targeting Prrx2‐Wnt5a signalling should be considered to improve cardiac remodelling in patients with ischaemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Tang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ti-Chao Shan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Jing
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei-Dong Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Ya Yu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Xishui County, Huangang, China
| | - Zhi-Min Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Xishui County, Huangang, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Tao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Jiang YP, Tang YL, Wang SS, Wu JS, Zhang M, Pang X, Wu JB, Chen Y, Tang YJ, Liang XH. PRRX1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma activates the metabolic reprogramming of free fatty acids to promote invasion and metastasis. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12705. [PMID: 31657086 PMCID: PMC6985691 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Increasing evidences demonstrate a close correlation between epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and cancer lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. Materials and methods In our study, the relative expression level of PRRX1 was detected, its relationship with free fatty acid (FFA) and PPARG2 was analysed in 85 SACC tissues and 15 salivary glands from the benign salivary tumours. We also compared the FFAs composition and levels in these SACC cells. PPARG2 was detected in PRRX1‐induced FFAs treatment as well as Src and MMP‐9 were detected in FFAs treatment–induced invasion and migration of SACC cells, and ChIP test was performed to identify the target interactions. Results Our data showed that overexpression of PRRX1 induced EMT and facilitated the invasion and migration of SACC cells, and PRRX1 expression was closely associated with high FFAs level and poor prognosis of SACC patients. Furthermore, PRRX1 silence led to the increase of PPARG2 and the reduction of FFAs level and the migration and invasion of SACC cells. And inhibition of PPARG2 rescued FFAs level and migration and invasion capabilities of SACC cells. Free fatty acids treatment induced an increase of Stat5‐DNA binding activity via Src‐ and MMP‐9‐dependent pathway. Conclusions Collectively, our findings showed that the PRRX1/PPARG2/FFAs signalling in SACC was important for accelerating tumour metastasis through the induction of EMT and the metabolic reprogramming of FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China.,Department of Implant, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
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21
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Cabahug-Zuckerman P, Liu C, Cai C, Mahaffey I, Norman SC, Cole W, Castillo AB. Site-Specific Load-Induced Expansion of Sca-1 +Prrx1 + and Sca-1 -Prrx1 + Cells in Adult Mouse Long Bone Is Attenuated With Age. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10199. [PMID: 31667455 PMCID: PMC6808224 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with significant bone loss and increased fracture risk, which has been attributed to a diminished response to anabolic mechanical loading. In adults, skeletal progenitors proliferate and differentiate into bone‐forming osteoblasts in response to increasing mechanical stimuli, though the effects of aging on this response are not well‐understood. Here we show that both adult and aged mice exhibit load‐induced periosteal bone formation, though the response is significantly attenuated with age. We also show that the acute response of adult bone to loading involves expansion of Sca‐1+Prrx1+ and Sca‐1−Prrx1+ cells in the periosteum. On the endosteal surface, loading enhances proliferation of both these cell populations, though the response is delayed by 2 days relative to the periosteal surface. In contrast to the periosteum and endosteum, the marrow does not exhibit increased proliferation of Sca‐1+Prrx1+ cells, but only of Sca‐1−Prrx1+ cells, underscoring fundamental differences in how the stem cell niche in distinct bone envelopes respond to mechanical stimuli. Notably, the proliferative response to loading is absent in aged bone even though there are similar baseline numbers of Prrx1 + cells in the periosteum and endosteum, suggesting that the proliferative capacity of progenitors is attenuated with age, and proliferation of the Sca‐1+Prrx1+ population is critical for load‐induced periosteal bone formation. These findings provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutics targeting these cell populations to enhance osteogenesis for overcoming age‐related bone loss. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Cabahug-Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery NYU Langone Health, New York University New York NY USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University New York NY USA.,Rehabilitation Research and Development Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System New York NY USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery NYU Langone Health, New York University New York NY USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University New York NY USA.,Rehabilitation Research and Development Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System New York NY USA
| | - Cinyee Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery NYU Langone Health, New York University New York NY USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University New York NY USA
| | - Ian Mahaffey
- Rehabilitation Research and Development Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Stephanie C Norman
- Rehabilitation Research and Development Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Whitney Cole
- Rehabilitation Research and Development Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Alesha B Castillo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery NYU Langone Health, New York University New York NY USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University New York NY USA.,Rehabilitation Research and Development Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System New York NY USA
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22
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Jung SM, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Guertin DA. Brown Adipose Tissue Development and Metabolism. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 251:3-36. [PMID: 30203328 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue is well known to be a thermoregulatory organ particularly important in small rodents and human infants, but it was only recently that its existence and significance to metabolic fitness in adult humans have been widely realized. The ability of active brown fat to expend high amounts of energy has raised interest in stimulating thermogenesis therapeutically to treat metabolic diseases related to obesity and type 2 diabetes. In parallel, there has been a surge of research aimed at understanding the biology of rodent and human brown fat development, its remarkable metabolic properties, and the phenomenon of white fat browning, in which white adipocytes can be converted into brown like adipocytes with similar thermogenic properties. Here, we review the current understanding of the developmental and metabolic pathways involved in forming thermogenic adipocytes, and highlight some of the many unknown functions of brown fat that make its study a rich and exciting area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Division of Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Lei Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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23
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Timmons JA, Atherton PJ, Larsson O, Sood S, Blokhin IO, Brogan RJ, Volmar CH, Josse AR, Slentz C, Wahlestedt C, Phillips SM, Phillips BE, Gallagher IJ, Kraus WE. A coding and non-coding transcriptomic perspective on the genomics of human metabolic disease. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:7772-7792. [PMID: 29986096 PMCID: PMC6125682 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), relying on hundreds of thousands of individuals, have revealed >200 genomic loci linked to metabolic disease (MD). Loss of insulin sensitivity (IS) is a key component of MD and we hypothesized that discovery of a robust IS transcriptome would help reveal the underlying genomic structure of MD. Using 1,012 human skeletal muscle samples, detailed physiology and a tissue-optimized approach for the quantification of coding (>18,000) and non-coding (>15,000) RNA (ncRNA), we identified 332 fasting IS-related genes (CORE-IS). Over 200 had a proven role in the biochemistry of insulin and/or metabolism or were located at GWAS MD loci. Over 50% of the CORE-IS genes responded to clinical treatment; 16 quantitatively tracking changes in IS across four independent studies (P = 0.0000053: negatively: AGL, G0S2, KPNA2, PGM2, RND3 and TSPAN9 and positively: ALDH6A1, DHTKD1, ECHDC3, MCCC1, OARD1, PCYT2, PRRX1, SGCG, SLC43A1 and SMIM8). A network of ncRNA positively related to IS and interacted with RNA coding for viral response proteins (P < 1 × 10−48), while reduced amino acid catabolic gene expression occurred without a change in expression of oxidative-phosphorylation genes. We illustrate that combining in-depth physiological phenotyping with robust RNA profiling methods, identifies molecular networks which are highly consistent with the genetics and biochemistry of human metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Scion House, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjana Sood
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert J Brogan
- Scion House, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, UK
| | | | | | - Cris Slentz
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Iain J Gallagher
- Scion House, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, UK.,School of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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24
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Silvert M, Quintana-Murci L, Rotival M. Impact and Evolutionary Determinants of Neanderthal Introgression on Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1241-1250. [PMID: 31155285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaic admixture is increasingly recognized as an important source of diversity in modern humans, and Neanderthal haplotypes cover 1%-3% of the genome of present-day Eurasians. Recent work has shown that archaic introgression has contributed to human phenotypic diversity, mostly through the regulation of gene expression. Yet the mechanisms through which archaic variants alter gene expression and the forces driving the introgression landscape at regulatory regions remain elusive. Here, we explored the impact of archaic introgression on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. We focused on promoters and enhancers across 127 different tissues as well as on microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation. Although miRNAs themselves harbor few archaic variants, we found that some of these variants may have a strong impact on miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Enhancers were by far the regulatory elements most affected by archaic introgression: up to one-third of the tissues we tested presented significant enrichments. Specifically, we found strong enrichments of archaic variants in adipose-related tissues and primary T cells, even after accounting for various genomic and evolutionary confounders such as recombination rate and background selection. Interestingly, we identified signatures of adaptive introgression at enhancers of some key regulators of adipogenesis, raising the interesting hypothesis of a possible adaptation of early Eurasians to colder climates. Collectively, this study sheds new light on the mechanisms through which archaic admixture has impacted gene regulation in Eurasians and, more generally, increases our understanding of the contribution of Neanderthals to the regulation of acquired immunity and adipose homeostasis in modern humans.
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25
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Li C, Menoret A, Farragher C, Ouyang Z, Bonin C, Holvoet P, Vella AT, Zhou B. Single cell transcriptomics based-MacSpectrum reveals novel macrophage activation signatures in diseases. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126453. [PMID: 30990466 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are crucial for maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis and mediating obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities, including prediabetic conditions and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite their key functions in regulating adipose tissue metabolic and immunologic homeostasis under normal and obese conditions, a high-resolution transcriptome annotation system that can capture ATM multifaceted activation profiles has not yet been developed. This is primarily attributed to the complexity of their differentiation/activation process in adipose tissue and their diverse activation profiles in response to microenvironmental cues. Although the concept of multifaceted macrophage action is well-accepted, no current model precisely depicts their dynamically regulated in vivo features. To address this knowledge gap, we generated single-cell transcriptome data from primary bone marrow-derived macrophages under polarizing and non-polarizing conditions to develop new high-resolution algorithms. The outcome was creation of a two-index platform, MacSpectrum (https://macspectrum.uconn.edu), that enables comprehensive high-resolution mapping of macrophage activation states from diverse mixed cell populations. MacSpectrum captured dynamic transitions of macrophage subpopulations under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Importantly, MacSpectrum revealed unique "signature" gene sets in ATMs and circulating monocytes that displayed significant correlation with BMI and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in obese human patients. Thus, MacSpectrum provides unprecedented resolution to decode macrophage heterogeneity and will open new areas of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cullen Farragher
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhengqing Ouyang
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher Bonin
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul Holvoet
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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26
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Bromodomain inhibition of the coactivators CBP/EP300 facilitate cellular reprogramming. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:519-528. [PMID: 30962627 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Silencing of the somatic cell type-specific genes is a critical yet poorly understood step in reprogramming. To uncover pathways that maintain cell identity, we performed a reprogramming screen using inhibitors of chromatin factors. Here, we identify acetyl-lysine competitive inhibitors targeting the bromodomains of coactivators CREB (cyclic-AMP response element binding protein) binding protein (CBP) and E1A binding protein of 300 kDa (EP300) as potent enhancers of reprogramming. These inhibitors accelerate reprogramming, are critical during its early stages and, when combined with DOT1L inhibition, enable efficient derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with OCT4 and SOX2. In contrast, catalytic inhibition of CBP/EP300 prevents iPSC formation, suggesting distinct functions for different coactivator domains in reprogramming. CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibition decreases somatic-specific gene expression, histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) and chromatin accessibility at target promoters and enhancers. The master mesenchymal transcription factor PRRX1 is one such functionally important target of CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibition. Collectively, these results show that CBP/EP300 bromodomains sustain cell-type-specific gene expression and maintain cell identity.
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27
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Bassir SH, Garakani S, Wilk K, Aldawood ZA, Hou J, Yeh SCA, Sfeir C, Lin CP, Intini G. Prx1 Expressing Cells Are Required for Periodontal Regeneration of the Mouse Incisor. Front Physiol 2019; 10:591. [PMID: 31231227 PMCID: PMC6558369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that post-natal skeletal stem cells expressing Paired-related homeobox 1 (PRX1 or PRRX1) are present in the periosteum of long bones where they contribute to post-natal bone development and regeneration. Our group also identified post-natal PRX1 expressing cells (pnPRX1+ cells) in mouse calvarial synarthroses (sutures) and showed that these cells are required for calvarial bone regeneration. Since calvarial synarthroses are similar to dentoalveolar gomphosis (periodontium) and since there is no information available on the presence or function of pnPRX1+ cells in the periodontium, the present study aimed at identifying and characterizing pnPRX1+ cells within the mouse periodontium and assess their contribution to periodontal development and regeneration. Here we demonstrated that pnPRX1+ cells are present within the periodontal ligament (PDL) of the mouse molars and of the continuously regenerating mouse incisor. By means of diphtheria toxin (DTA)-mediated conditional ablation of pnPRX1+ cells, we show that pnPRX1+ cells contribute to post-natal periodontal development of the molars and the incisor, as ablation of pnPRX1+ cells in 3-days old mice resulted in a significant enlargement of the PDL space after 18 days. The contribution of pnPRX1+ cells to periodontal regeneration was assessed by developing a novel non-critical size periodontal defect model. Outcomes showed that DTA-mediated post-natal ablation of pnPRX1+ cells results in lack of regeneration in periodontal non-critical size defects in the regeneration competent mouse incisors. Importantly, gene expression analysis of these cells shows a profile typical of quiescent cells, while gene expression analysis of human samples of periodontal stem cells (PDLSC) confirmed that Prx1 is highly expressed in human periodontium. In conclusion, pnPRX1+ cells are present within the continuously regenerating PDL of the mouse incisor, and at such location they contribute to post-natal periodontal development and regeneration. Since this study further reports the presence of PRX1 expressing cells within human periodontal ligament, we suggest that studying the mouse periodontal pnPRX1+ cells may provide significant information for the development of novel and more effective periodontal regenerative therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sasan Garakani
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katarzyna Wilk
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zahra A Aldawood
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jue Hou
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shu-Chi A Yeh
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles Sfeir
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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28
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Petry B, Savoldi IR, Ibelli AMG, Paludo E, de Oliveira Peixoto J, Jaenisch FRF, de Córdova Cucco D, Ledur MC. New genes involved in the Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis in commercial broilers. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Maurizi G, Petäistö T, Maurizi A, Della Guardia L. Key-genes regulating the liposecretion process of mature adipocytes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3784-3793. [PMID: 28926092 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
White mature adipocytes (MAs) are plastic cells able to reversibly transdifferentiate toward fibroblast-like cells maintaining stem cell gene signatures. The main morphologic aspect of this transdifferentiation process, called liposecretion, is the secretion of large lipid droplets and the development of organelles necessary for exocrine secretion. There is a considerable interest in the adipocyte plastic properties involving liposecretion process, but the molecular details are incompletely explored. This review analyzes the gene expression of MAs isolated from human subcutaneous fat tissue with respect to bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) focusing on gene regulatory pathways involved into cellular morphology changes, cellular proliferation and transports of molecules through the membrane, suggesting potential ways to guide liposecretion. In particular, Wnt, MAPK/ERK, and AKT pathways were accurately described, studying up- and down-stream molecules involved. Moreover, adipogenic extra- and intra-cellular interactions were analyzed studying the role of CDH2, CDH11, ITGA5, E-Syt1, PAI-1, IGF1, and INHBB genes. Additionally, PLIN1 and PLIN2 could be key-genes of liposecretion process regulating molecules transport through the membrane. All together data demonstrated that liposecretion is regulated through a complex molecular networks that are able to respond to microenvironment signals, cytokines, and growth factors. Autocrine as well as external signaling molecules might activate liposecretion affecting adipocytes physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Angela Maurizi
- Chirurgia Generale, ASUR Regione Marche, Ospedale "Carlo Urbani", Jesi, Italy
| | - Lucio Della Guardia
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Sperimentale e Forense, Unità di Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università degli stui di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Metastasis, the dissemination of cancer cells from primary tumors, represents a major hurdle in the treatment of cancer. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been studied in normal mammalian development for decades, and it has been proposed as a critical mechanism during cancer progression and metastasis. EMT is tightly regulated by several internal and external cues that orchestrate the shifting from an epithelial-like phenotype into a mesenchymal phenotype, relying on a delicate balance between these two stages to promote metastatic development. EMT is thought to be induced in a subset of metastatic cancer stem cells (MCSCs), bestowing this population with the ability to spread throughout the body and contributing to therapy resistance. The EMT pathway is of increasing interest as a novel therapeutic avenue in the treatment of cancer, and could be targeted to prevent tumor cell dissemination in early stage patients or to eradicate existing metastatic cells in advanced stages. In this review, we describe the sequence of events and defining mechanisms that take place during EMT, and how these interactions drive cancer cell progression into metastasis. We summarize clinical interventions focused on targeting various aspects of EMT and their contribution to preventing cancer dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Yelle
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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31
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Wilk K, Yeh SCA, Mortensen LJ, Ghaffarigarakani S, Lombardo CM, Bassir SH, Aldawood ZA, Lin CP, Intini G. Postnatal Calvarial Skeletal Stem Cells Expressing PRX1 Reside Exclusively in the Calvarial Sutures and Are Required for Bone Regeneration. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:933-946. [PMID: 28366454 PMCID: PMC5390237 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-natal skeletal stem cells expressing PRX1 (pnPRX1+) have been identified in the calvaria and in the axial skeleton. Here we characterize the location and functional capacity of the calvarial pnPRX1+ cells. We found that pnPRX1+ reside exclusively in the calvarial suture niche and decrease in number with age. They are distinct from preosteoblasts and osteoblasts of the sutures, respond to WNT signaling in vitro and in vivo by differentiating into osteoblasts, and, upon heterotopic transplantation, are able to regenerate bone. Diphtheria toxin A (DTA)-mediated lineage ablation of pnPRX1+ cells and suturectomy perturb regeneration of calvarial bone defects and confirm that pnPRX1+ cells of the sutures are required for bone regeneration. Orthotopic transplantation of sutures with traceable pnPRX1+ cells into wild-type animals shows that pnPRX1+ cells of the suture contribute to calvarial bone defect regeneration. DTA-mediated lineage ablation of pnPRX1+ does not, however, interfere with calvarial development. The suture is the exclusive niche of the calvarial PRX1-expressing cells Postnatal PRX1-expressing cells of the calvaria are required for bone regeneration Postnatal Prx1-expressing cells of the calvaria are dispensable for development
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wilk
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shu-Chi A Yeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, and College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sasan Ghaffarigarakani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Courtney M Lombardo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zahra A Aldawood
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Zhang T, Zhang X, Han K, Zhang G, Wang J, Xie K, Xue Q, Fan X. Analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA using RNA sequencing during the differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes in chicken. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172389. [PMID: 28199418 PMCID: PMC5310915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate metabolic tissue development and function, including adipogenesis. However, little is known about the function and profile of lncRNAs in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation in chicken. Here, we identified lncRNAs in chicken intramuscular preadipocytes at different differentiation stages using RNA sequencing. A total of 1,311,382,604 clean reads and 25,435 lncRNAs were obtained from 12 samples. In total, 7,433 differentially expressed genes (4,698 lncRNAs and 2,735 mRNAs) were identified by pairwise comparison. These 7,433 differentially expressed genes were grouped into 11 clusters based on their expression patterns by K-means clustering. Using Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis, we identified four stage-specific modules positively related to I0, I2, I4, and I6 stages and two stage-specific modules negatively related to I0 and I2 stages, respectively. Many well-known and novel pathways associated with intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation were identified. We also identified hub genes in each stage-specific module and visualized them in Cytoscape. Our analysis revealed many highly-connected genes, including XLOC_058593, BMP3, MYOD1, and LAMP3. This study provides a valuable resource for chicken lncRNA study and improves our understanding of the biology of preadipocyte differentiation in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunpeng Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Fan
- Vazyme Biotech Co.,Ltd., Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Ehrlund A, Mejhert N, Björk C, Andersson R, Kulyté A, Åström G, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Lassmann T, Daub CO, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Hayashizaki Y, Sandelin A, Ingelsson E, Rydén M, Laurencikiene J, Arner P, Arner E. Transcriptional Dynamics During Human Adipogenesis and Its Link to Adipose Morphology and Distribution. Diabetes 2017; 66:218-230. [PMID: 27803022 PMCID: PMC5860264 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) can develop into several phenotypes with different pathophysiological impact on type 2 diabetes. To better understand the adipogenic process, the transcriptional events that occur during in vitro differentiation of human adipocytes were investigated and the findings linked to WAT phenotypes. Single-molecule transcriptional profiling provided a detailed map of the expressional changes of genes, enhancers, and long noncoding RNAs, where different types of transcripts share common dynamics during differentiation. Common signatures include early downregulated, transient, and late induced transcripts, all of which are linked to distinct developmental processes during adipogenesis. Enhancers expressed during adipogenesis overlap significantly with genetic variants associated with WAT distribution. Transiently expressed and late induced genes are associated with hypertrophic WAT (few but large fat cells), a phenotype closely linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Transcription factors that are expressed early or transiently affect differentiation and adipocyte function and are controlled by several well-known upstream regulators such as glucocorticosteroids, insulin, cAMP, and thyroid hormones. Taken together, our results suggest a complex but highly coordinated regulation of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christel Björk
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Andersson
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gaby Åström
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wakō, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wakō, Saitama, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Telethon Kids Institute and The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carsten O Daub
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piero Carninci
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wakō, Saitama, Japan
| | - Albin Sandelin
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Arner
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Pickering RT, Lee MJ, Karastergiou K, Gower A, Fried SK. Depot Dependent Effects of Dexamethasone on Gene Expression in Human Omental and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues from Obese Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167337. [PMID: 28005982 PMCID: PMC5179014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids promote fat accumulation in visceral compared to subcutaneous depots, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. To identify long-term changes in gene expression that are differentially sensitive or responsive to glucocorticoids in these depots, paired samples of human omental (Om) and abdominal subcutaneous (Abdsc) adipose tissues obtained from obese women during elective surgery were cultured with the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (Dex, 0, 1, 10, 25 and 1000 nM) for 7 days. Dex regulated 32% of the 19,741 genes on the array, while 53% differed by Depot and 2.5% exhibited a Depot*Dex concentration interaction. Gene set enrichment analysis showed Dex regulation of the expected metabolic and inflammatory pathways in both depots. Cluster analysis of the 460 transcripts that exhibited an interaction of Depot and Dex concentration revealed sets of mRNAs for which the responses to Dex differed in magnitude, sensitivity or direction between the two depots as well as mRNAs that responded to Dex only in one depot. These transcripts were also clearly depot different in fresh adipose tissue and are implicated in processes that could affect adipose tissue distribution or functions (e.g. adipogenesis, triacylglycerol synthesis and storage, insulin action). Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the depot differences in the effect of Dex on the expression of specific genes and pathways that regulate adipose function may offer novel insights into understanding the biology of visceral adipose tissues and their links to metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Taylor Pickering
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kalypso Karastergiou
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Adam Gower
- Clinical Translational Sciences Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Fried
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shook B, Rivera Gonzalez G, Ebmeier S, Grisotti G, Zwick R, Horsley V. The Role of Adipocytes in Tissue Regeneration and Stem Cell Niches. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2016; 32:609-631. [PMID: 27146311 PMCID: PMC5157158 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Classically, white adipose tissue (WAT) was considered an inert component of connective tissue but is now appreciated as a major regulator of metabolic physiology and endocrine homeostasis. Recent work defining how WAT develops and expands in vivo emphasizes the importance of specific locations of WAT or depots in metabolic regulation. Interestingly, mature white adipocytes are integrated into several tissues. A new perspective regarding the in vivo regulation and function of WAT in these tissues has highlighted an essential role of adipocytes in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Finally, there has been significant progress in understanding how mature adipocytes regulate the pathology of several diseases. In this review, we discuss these novel roles of WAT in the homeostasis and regeneration of epithelial, muscle, and immune tissues and how they contribute to the pathology of several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Shook
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
| | - Guillermo Rivera Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
| | - Sarah Ebmeier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
| | | | - Rachel Zwick
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Lv ZD, Yang ZC, Liu XP, Jin LY, Dong Q, Qu HL, Li FN, Kong B, Sun J, Zhao JJ, Wang HB. Silencing of Prrx1b suppresses cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1640-50. [PMID: 27027510 PMCID: PMC4988287 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive tumour subtype associated with poor prognosis. The mechanisms involved in TNBC progression remains largely unknown. To date, there are no effective therapeutic targets for this tumour subtype. Paired-related homeobox 1b (Prrx1b), one of major isoforms of Prrx1, has been identified as a new epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer. However, the function of Prrx1b in TNBC has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that Prrx1b was significantly up-regulated in TNBC and associated with tumour size and vascular invasion of breast cancer. Silencing of Prrx1b suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of basal-like cancer cells. Moreover, silencing of Prrx1b prevented Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and induced the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Taken together, our data indicated that Prrx1b may be an important regulator of EMT in TNBC cells and a new therapeutic target for interventions against TNBC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Lv
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao-Chuan Yang
- Departments of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Liu
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Ying Jin
- Cerebrovascular Disease Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Li Qu
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Nian Li
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhao
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Kalyani R, Lee JY, Min H, Yoon H, Kim MH. Genes Frequently Coexpressed with Hoxc8 Provide Insight into the Discovery of Target Genes. Mol Cells 2016; 39:395-402. [PMID: 27025388 PMCID: PMC4870187 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying Hoxc8 target genes is at the crux of understanding the Hoxc8-mediated regulatory networks underlying its roles during development. However, identification of these genes remains difficult due to intrinsic factors of Hoxc8, such as low DNA binding specificity, context-dependent regulation, and unknown cofactors. Therefore, as an alternative, the present study attempted to test whether the roles of Hoxc8 could be inferred by simply analyzing genes frequently coexpressed with Hoxc8, and whether these genes include putative target genes. Using archived gene expression datasets in which Hoxc8 was differentially expressed, we identified a total of 567 genes that were positively coexpressed with Hoxc8 in at least four out of eight datasets. Among these, 23 genes were coexpressed in six datasets. Gene sets associated with extracellular matrix and cell adhesion were most significantly enriched, followed by gene sets for skeletal system development, morphogenesis, cell motility, and transcriptional regulation. In particular, transcriptional regulators, including paralogs of Hoxc8, known Hox co-factors, and transcriptional remodeling factors were enriched. We randomly selected Adam19, Ptpn13, Prkd1, Tgfbi, and Aldh1a3, and validated their coexpression in mouse embryonic tissues and cell lines following TGF-β2 treatment or ectopic Hoxc8 expression. Except for Aldh1a3, all genes showed concordant expression with that of Hoxc8, suggesting that the coexpressed genes might include direct or indirect target genes. Collectively, we suggest that the coexpressed genes provide a resource for constructing Hoxc8-mediated regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthala Kalyani
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Lab., Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Lab., Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Hyehyun Min
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Lab., Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Heejei Yoon
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Lab., Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
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Regulation of Adipogenesis by Quinine through the ERK/S6 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:504. [PMID: 27089323 PMCID: PMC4848960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinine is a bitter tasting compound that is involved in the regulation of body weight as demonstrated in in vivo animal models and in vitro models of the adipogenic system. Arguments exist over the positive or negative roles of quinine in both in vivo animal models and in vitro cell models, which motivates us to further investigate the functions of quinine in the in vitro adipogenic system. To clarify the regulatory functions of quinine in adipogenesis, mouse primary preadipocytes were induced for differentiation with quinine supplementation. The results showed that quinine enhanced adipogenesis in a dose dependent manner without affecting lipolysis. The pro-adipogenic effect of quinine was specific, as other bitter tasting agonists had no effect on adipogenesis. Moreover, the pro-adipogenic effect of quinine was mediated by activation of ERK/S6 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/Ribosomal protein S6) signaling. Knockdown of bitter taste receptor T2R106 (taste receptor, type 2, member 106) impaired the pro-adipogenic effect of quinine and suppressed the activation of ERK/S6 signaling. Taken together, quinine stimulates adipogenesis through ERK/S6 signaling, which at least partly functions via T2R106.
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Jiang Y, Kong S, He B, Wang B, Wang H, Lu J. Uterine Prx2 restrains decidual differentiation through inhibiting lipolysis in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:403-14. [PMID: 26987819 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uterine decidualization, characterized as extensive stromal cell proliferation, differentiation and polyploidization, is a crucial event for successful pregnancy and is tightly regulated by many different molecules and pathways. Prx2, an evolutionarily conserved homeobox transcription factor expressed in both embryos and adults, plays an important role during mesenchymal cell differentiation. However, it remains unclear what the exact function of Prx2 is in the uterine stromal cells, one type of mesenchymal cells. In the present study, employing in vivo and in vitro stromal cell decidualization models, combining adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Prx2, we found that the expression of Prx2 is initiated in the uterine stromal cells once the blastocyst attached to the epithelium and is always detected around the differentiated decidual zone in the anti-mesometrium of the uterus during post-implantation uterine development. Also, overexpression of Prx2 disturbed stromal-decidual differentiation, which is reflected by the decreased expression of decidual/trophoblast prolactin-related protein (Dtprp), the marker for uterine decidualization in mice. Further, we demonstrate that Prx2 overexpression disturbs lipolysis, leading to lipid droplets accumulation in uterine stromal cells, partially mediated by downregulated expression of adipocyte triglyceride lipase. Collectively, these data indicate that uterine Prx2 restrains uterine decidual differentiation through regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Li A, Ma S, Smith SM, Lee MK, Fischer A, Borok Z, Bellusci S, Li C, Minoo P. Mesodermal ALK5 controls lung myofibroblast versus lipofibroblast cell fate. BMC Biol 2016; 14:19. [PMID: 26984772 PMCID: PMC4793501 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial-mesenchymal cross talk is centerpiece in the development of many branched organs, including the lungs. The embryonic lung mesoderm provides instructional information not only for lung architectural development, but also for patterning, commitment and differentiation of its many highly specialized cell types. The mesoderm also serves as a reservoir of progenitors for generation of differentiated mesenchymal cell types that include αSMA-expressing fibroblasts, lipofibroblasts, endothelial cells and others. Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) is a key signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal cross talk. Using a cre-loxP approach we have elucidated the role of the TGFβ type I receptor tyrosine kinase, ALK5, in epithelial-mesenchymal cross talk during lung morphogenesis. Results Targeted early inactivation of Alk5 in mesodermal progenitors caused abnormal development and maturation of the lung that included reduced physical size of the sub-mesothelial mesoderm, an established source of specific mesodermal progenitors. Abrogation of mesodermal ALK5-mediated signaling also inhibited differentiation of cell populations in the epithelial and endothelial lineages. Importantly, Alk5 mutant lungs contained a reduced number of αSMApos cells and correspondingly increased lipofibroblasts. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that through direct and indirect modulation of target signaling pathways and transcription factors, including PDGFRα, PPARγ, PRRX1, and ZFP423, ALK5-mediated TGFβ controls a process that regulates the commitment and differentiation of αSMApos versus lipofibroblast cell populations during lung development. Conclusion ALK5-mediated TGFβ signaling controls an early pathway that regulates the commitment and differentiation of αSMApos versus LIF cell lineages during lung development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0242-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shudong Ma
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Susan M Smith
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Matt K Lee
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ashley Fischer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System, University Justus Liebig Giessen, Giessen, 39352, Germany.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya St 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Changgong Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Cawthorn WP, Scheller EL, Parlee SD, Pham HA, Learman BS, Redshaw CMH, Sulston RJ, Burr AA, Das AK, Simon BR, Mori H, Bree AJ, Schell B, Krishnan V, MacDougald OA. Expansion of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue During Caloric Restriction Is Associated With Increased Circulating Glucocorticoids and Not With Hypoleptinemia. Endocrinology 2016; 157:508-21. [PMID: 26696121 PMCID: PMC4733126 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accounts for up to 70% of bone marrow volume in healthy adults and increases further in clinical conditions of altered skeletal or metabolic function. Perhaps most strikingly, and in stark contrast to white adipose tissue, MAT has been found to increase during caloric restriction (CR) in humans and many other species. Hypoleptinemia may drive MAT expansion during CR but this has not been demonstrated conclusively. Indeed, MAT formation and function are poorly understood; hence, the physiological and pathological roles of MAT remain elusive. We recently revealed that MAT contributes to hyperadiponectinemia and systemic adaptations to CR. To further these observations, we have now performed CR studies in rabbits to determine whether CR affects adiponectin production by MAT. Moderate or extensive CR decreased bone mass, white adipose tissue mass, and circulating leptin but, surprisingly, did not cause hyperadiponectinemia or MAT expansion. Although this unexpected finding limited our subsequent MAT characterization, it demonstrates that during CR, bone loss can occur independently of MAT expansion; increased MAT may be required for hyperadiponectinemia; and hypoleptinemia is not sufficient for MAT expansion. We further investigated this relationship in mice. In females, CR increased MAT without decreasing circulating leptin, suggesting that hypoleptinemia is also not necessary for MAT expansion. Finally, circulating glucocorticoids increased during CR in mice but not rabbits, suggesting that glucocorticoids might drive MAT expansion during CR. These observations provide insights into the causes and consequences of CR-associated MAT expansion, knowledge with potential relevance to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Cawthorn
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Sebastian D Parlee
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - H An Pham
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Brian S Learman
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Catherine M H Redshaw
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Richard J Sulston
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Aaron A Burr
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Arun K Das
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Becky R Simon
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Adam J Bree
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Benjamin Schell
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Venkatesh Krishnan
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.P.C., E.L.S., S.D.P., H.A.P., B.S.L., A.A.B., H.M., A.J.B., B.S., O.A.M.) and Internal Medicine (A.K.D., O.A.M.), and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (B.R.S., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Musculoskeletal Research (W.P.C., V.K.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (W.P.C., C.M.H.R., R.J.S.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH16 4TJ
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic sclerosis, an autoimmune disease of unknown origin, is characterized by progressive fibrosis that can affect all organs of the body. To date, there are no effective therapies for the disease. This paucity of treatment options is primarily because of limited understanding of the processes that initiate and promote fibrosis in general and a lack of animal models that specifically emulate the chronic nature of systemic sclerosis. Most models capitulate acute injury-induced fibrosis in specific organs. Yet, regardless of the model a major outstanding question in the field is the cellular origin of fibrosing cells. RECENT FINDINGS A multitude of origins have been proposed in a variety of tissues, including resident tissue stroma, fibrocytes, pericytes, adipocytes, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Developmentally derived fibroblast lineages have recently been elucidated with fibrosing potential in injury models. Increasing data support the pericyte as a fibrosing cell origin in diverse fibrosis models and adipocytes have recently been proposed. Fibrocytes, epithelial cells and endothelial cells also have been examined, although data do not as strongly support these possible origins. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss recent evidence arguing in favor of and against proposed origins of fibrosing cells in diverse models of fibrosis. We highlight outstanding controversies and propose how future research may elucidate how fibrosing cells arise and what processes can be targeted in order to treat systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ebmeier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Xue B, Nie J, Wang X, DuBois DC, Jusko WJ, Almon RR. Effects of High Fat Feeding on Adipose Tissue Gene Expression in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:15-26. [PMID: 26309393 PMCID: PMC4533846 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of type 2 diabetes is a complex interaction between genetics and environmental influences. High dietary fat is one environmental factor that is conducive to the development of insulin-resistant diabetes. In the present report, we compare the responses of lean poly-genic, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats to those of control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a high fat diet from weaning to 20 weeks of age. This comparison included a wide array of physiological measurements along with gene expression profiling of abdominal adipose tissue using Affymetrix gene array chips. Animals of both strains fed a high fat diet or a normal diet were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks for this comparison. The microarray analysis revealed that the two strains developed different adaptations to increased dietary fat. WKY rats decrease fatty acid synthesis and lipogenic processes whereas GK rats increase lipid elimination. However, on both diets the major differences between the two strains remained essentially the same. Specifically relative to the WKY strain, the GK strain showed lipoatrophy, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Debra C DuBois
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard R Almon
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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44
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Jia Z, Liu Y, Cui S. Adiponectin induces breast cancer cell migration and growth factor expression. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:1239-45. [PMID: 24906235 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the hormone produced and secreted by adipocytes, has been shown to promote migration of the epithelial cells and angiogenesis in these cells. We sought to determine if adiponectin could induce the cellular migration and growth factor expression in breast cancer cells grown in vitro. The breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-436 and MFM-223 (estrogen-independent) were treated with adiponectin for different time periods. Supernatants of the cell cultures were obtained by centrifugation and were assayed for growth factor expression by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Becton-Dickinson-Falcon Transwell systems were used to assay adiponectin-induced migration. Adiponectin significantly induced the expression of various growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, and basic fibroblast growth factor in MDA-MB-436 and MFM-223 cells. Adiponectin also enhanced the migration of breast cancer cells which were inhibited about 50-70 % by the inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Adiponectin treatment of the cancer cell induced an increased expression of different growth factors and migration of the cells. These effects are likely to contribute to the progression of breast cancer, implying that change in adiponectin levels associated with obesity may be considered as a high risk factor in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Jia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256610, People's Republic of China,
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45
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Gustafson B, Hammarstedt A, Hedjazifar S, Hoffmann JM, Svensson PA, Grimsby J, Rondinone C, Smith U. BMP4 and BMP Antagonists Regulate Human White and Beige Adipogenesis. Diabetes 2015; 64:1670-81. [PMID: 25605802 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The limited expandability of subcutaneous adipose tissue, due to reduced ability to recruit and differentiate new adipocytes, prevents its buffering effect in obesity and is characterized by expanded adipocytes (hypertrophic obesity). Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) plays a key role in regulating adipogenic precursor cell commitment and differentiation. We found BMP4 to be induced and secreted by differentiated (pre)adipocytes, and BMP4 was increased in large adipose cells. However, the precursor cells exhibited a resistance to BMP4 owing to increased secretion of the BMP inhibitor Gremlin-1 (GREM1). GREM1 is secreted by (pre)adipocytes and is an inhibitor of both BMP4 and BMP7. BMP4 alone, and/or silencing GREM1, increased transcriptional activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and promoted the preadipocytes to assume an oxidative beige/brown adipose phenotype including markers of increased mitochondria and PGC1α. Driving white adipose differentiation inhibited the beige/brown markers, suggesting the presence of multipotent adipogenic precursor cells. However, silencing GREM1 and/or adding BMP4 during white adipogenic differentiation reactivated beige/brown markers, suggesting that increased BMP4 preferentially regulates the beige/brown phenotype. Thus, BMP4, secreted by white adipose cells, is an integral feedback regulator of both white and beige adipogenic commitment and differentiation, and resistance to BMP4 by GREM1 characterizes hypertrophic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Gustafson
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hammarstedt
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny M Hoffmann
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Hsiao WY, Guertin DA. Highly selective in vivo labeling of subcutaneous white adipocyte precursors with Prx1-Cre. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:541-50. [PMID: 25801508 PMCID: PMC4400610 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The origins of individual fat depots are not well understood, and thus, the availability of tools useful for studying depot-specific adipose tissue development and function is limited. Cre drivers that selectively target only brown adipocyte, subcutaneous white adipocyte, or visceral white adipocyte precursors would have significant value because they could be used to selectively study individual depots without impacting the adipocyte precursors or intrinsic metabolic properties of the other depots. Here, we show that the majority of the precursor and mature subcutaneous white adipocytes in adult C57Bl/6 mice are labeled by Prx1-Cre. In sharp contrast, few to no brown adipocytes or visceral white adipocytes are marked by Prx1-Cre. This suggests that Prx1-Cre-mediated recombination may be useful for making depot-restricted genetic manipulations in subcutaneous white adipocyte precursor cells, particularly when targeting genes with fat-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Wen-Yu Hsiao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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The fat cell epigenetic signature in post-obese women is characterized by global hypomethylation and differential DNA methylation of adipogenesis genes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:910-9. [PMID: 25783037 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obese subjects have increased number of enlarged fat cells that are reduced in size but not in number in post-obesity. We performed DNA methylation profiling in fat cells with the aim of identifying differentially methylated DNA sites (DMS) linked to adipose hyperplasia (many small fat cells) in post-obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed in abdominal subcutaneous fat cells from 16 women examined 2 years after gastric bypass surgery at a post-obese state (body mass index (BMI) 26±2 kg m(-2), mean±s.d.) and from 14 never-obese women (BMI 25±2 kg m(-2)). Gene expression was analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue from nine women in each group. In a secondary analysis, we examined DNA methylation and expression of adipogenesis genes in 15 and 11 obese women, respectively. RESULTS The average degree of DNA methylation of all analyzed CpG sites was lower in fat cells from post-obese as compared with never-obese women (P=0.014). A total of 8504 CpG sites were differentially methylated in fat cells from post-obese versus never-obese women (false discovery rate 1%). DMS were under-represented in CpG islands and surrounding shores. The 8504 DMS mapped to 3717 unique genes; these genes were over-represented in cell differentiation pathways. Notably, 27% of the genes linked to adipogenesis (that is, 35 of 130) displayed DMS (adjusted P=10(-8)) in post-obese versus never-obese women. Next, we explored DNA methylation and expression of genes linked to adipogenesis in more detail in adipose tissue samples. DMS annotated to adipogenesis genes were not accompanied by differential gene expression in post-obese compared with never-obese women. In contrast, adipogenesis genes displayed differential DNA methylation accompanied by altered expression in obese women. CONCLUSIONS Global CpG hypomethylation and over-representation of DMS in adipogenesis genes in fat cells may contribute to adipose hyperplasia in post-obese women.
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48
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Rothammer S, Kremer PV, Bernau M, Fernandez-Figares I, Pfister-Schär J, Medugorac I, Scholz AM. Genome-wide QTL mapping of nine body composition and bone mineral density traits in pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2014; 46:68. [PMID: 25359100 PMCID: PMC4210560 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-014-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the pig is one of the most important livestock animals worldwide, mapping loci that are associated with economically important traits and/or traits that influence animal welfare is extremely relevant for efficient future pig breeding. Therefore, the purpose of this study was a genome-wide mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with nine body composition and bone mineral traits: absolute (Fat, Lean) and percentage (FatPC, LeanPC) fat and lean mass, live weight (Weight), soft tissue X-ray attenuation coefficient (R), absolute (BMC) and percentage (BMCPC) bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods Data on the nine traits investigated were obtained by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for 551 pigs that were between 160 and 200 days old. In addition, all pigs were genotyped using Illumina’s PorcineSNP60 Genotyping BeadChip. Based on these data, a genome-wide combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis was conducted. Thus, we used 44 611 sliding windows that each consisted of 20 adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For the middle of each sliding window a variance component analysis was carried out using ASReml. The underlying mixed linear model included random QTL and polygenic effects, with fixed effects of sex, housing, season and age. Results Using a Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significance threshold of P < 0.001, significant peaks were identified for all traits except BMCPC. Overall, we identified 72 QTL on 16 chromosomes, of which 24 were significantly associated with one trait only and the remaining with more than one trait. For example, a QTL on chromosome 2 included the highest peak across the genome for four traits (Fat, FatPC, LeanPC and R). The nearby gene, ZNF608, is known to be associated with body mass index in humans and involved in starvation in Drosophila, which makes it an extremely good candidate gene for this QTL. Conclusions Our QTL mapping approach identified 72 QTL, some of which confirmed results of previous studies in pigs. However, we also detected significant associations that have not been published before and were able to identify a number of new and promising candidate genes, such as ZNF608. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-014-0068-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivica Medugorac
- Chair of Animal Genetics and Husbandry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, Munich, 80539, Germany.
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Claussnitzer M, Dankel SN, Klocke B, Grallert H, Glunk V, Berulava T, Lee H, Oskolkov N, Fadista J, Ehlers K, Wahl S, Hoffmann C, Qian K, Rönn T, Riess H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Bretschneider N, Schroeder T, Skurk T, Horsthemke B, Spieler D, Klingenspor M, Seifert M, Kern MJ, Mejhert N, Dahlman I, Hansson O, Hauck SM, Blüher M, Arner P, Groop L, Illig T, Suhre K, Hsu YH, Mellgren G, Hauner H, Laumen H. Leveraging cross-species transcription factor binding site patterns: from diabetes risk loci to disease mechanisms. Cell 2014; 156:343-58. [PMID: 24439387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed numerous risk loci associated with diverse diseases. However, identification of disease-causing variants within association loci remains a major challenge. Divergence in gene expression due to cis-regulatory variants in noncoding regions is central to disease susceptibility. We show that integrative computational analysis of phylogenetic conservation with a complexity assessment of co-occurring transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) can identify cis-regulatory variants and elucidate their mechanistic role in disease. Analysis of established type 2 diabetes risk loci revealed a striking clustering of distinct homeobox TFBS. We identified the PRRX1 homeobox factor as a repressor of PPARG2 expression in adipose cells and demonstrate its adverse effect on lipid metabolism and systemic insulin sensitivity, dependent on the rs4684847 risk allele that triggers PRRX1 binding. Thus, cross-species conservation analysis at the level of co-occurring TFBS provides a valuable contribution to the translation of genetic association signals to disease-related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Claussnitzer
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Glunk
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Tea Berulava
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität-Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Heekyoung Lee
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Joao Fadista
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Ehlers
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoffmann
- Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Kun Qian
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Tina Rönn
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Helene Riess
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Timm Schroeder
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Horsthemke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität-Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Derek Spieler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Germany; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Hanover Unified Biobank, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Hauner
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Laumen
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
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50
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Liu S, Sheng L, Miao H, Saunders TL, MacDougald OA, Koenig RJ, Xu B. SRA gene knockout protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose tolerance. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13000-9. [PMID: 24675075 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.564658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the non-coding RNA, steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), functions as a transcriptional coactivator of PPARγ and promotes adipocyte differentiation in vitro. To assess SRA function in vivo, we have generated a whole mouse Sra1 gene knock-out (SRA(-/-)). Here, we show that the Sra1 gene is an important regulator of adipose tissue mass and function. SRA is expressed at a higher level in adipose tissue than other organs in wild type mice. SRA(-/-) mice are resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity, with decreased fat mass and increased lean content. This lean phenotype of SRA(-/-) mice is associated with decreased expression of a subset of adipocyte marker genes and reduced plasma TNFα levels. The SRA(-/-) mice are more insulin sensitive, as evidenced by reduced fasting insulin, and lower blood glucoses in response to IP glucose and insulin. In addition, the livers of SRA(-/-) mice have fewer lipid droplets after high fat diet feeding, and the expression of lipogenesis-associated genes is decreased. To our knowledge, these data are the first to indicate a functional role for SRA in adipose tissue biology and glucose homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Liu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes
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