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Huffer A, Mao M, Ballard K, Ozdemir T. Biomimetic Hyaluronan Binding Biomaterials to Capture the Complex Regulation of Hyaluronan in Tissue Development and Function. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:499. [PMID: 39194478 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9080499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Within native ECM, Hyaluronan (HA) undergoes remarkable structural remodeling through its binding receptors and proteins called hyaladherins. Hyaladherins contain a group of tandem repeat sequences, such as LINK domains, BxB7 homologous sequences, or 20-50 amino acid long short peptide sequences that have high affinity towards side chains of HA. The HA binding sequences are critical players in HA distribution and regulation within tissues and potentially attractive therapeutic targets to regulate HA synthesis and organization. While HA is a versatile and successful biopolymer, most HA-based therapeutics have major differences from a native HA molecule, such as molecular weight discrepancies, crosslinking state, and remodeling with other HA binding proteins. Recent studies showed the promise of HA binding domains being used as therapeutic biomaterials for osteoarthritic, ocular, or cardiovascular therapeutic products. However, we propose that there is a significant potential for HA binding materials to reveal the physiological functions of HA in a more realistic setting. This review is focused on giving a comprehensive overview of the connections between HA's role in the body and the potential of HA binding material applications in therapeutics and regenerative medicine. We begin with an introduction to HA then discuss HA binding molecules and the process of HA binding. Finally, we discuss HA binding materials anf the future prospects of potential HA binding biomaterials systems in the field of biomaterials and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Huffer
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering Department, South Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Mingyang Mao
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering Department, South Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Katherine Ballard
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering Department, South Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Tugba Ozdemir
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering Department, South Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
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2
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Chan DD, Guilak F, Sah RL, Calve S. Mechanobiology of Hyaluronan: Connecting Biomechanics and Bioactivity in Musculoskeletal Tissues. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:25-47. [PMID: 38166186 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-073123-120541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) plays well-recognized mechanical and biological roles in articular cartilage and synovial fluid, where it contributes to tissue structure and lubrication. An understanding of how HA contributes to the structure of other musculoskeletal tissues, including muscle, bone, tendon, and intervertebral discs, is growing. In addition, the use of HA-based therapies to restore damaged tissue is becoming more prevalent. Nevertheless, the relationship between biomechanical stimuli and HA synthesis, degradation, and signaling in musculoskeletal tissues remains understudied, limiting the utility of HA in regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the various roles and significance of endogenous HA in musculoskeletal tissues. We use what is known and unknown to motivate new lines of inquiry into HA biology within musculoskeletal tissues and in the mechanobiology governing HA metabolism by suggesting questions that remain regarding the relationship and interaction between biological and mechanical roles of HA in musculoskeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deva D Chan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Calve
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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3
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Gregg SR, Barshick MR, Johnson SE. Intravenous Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate Diminishes Basal Inflammatory Gene Expression in Equine Skeletal Muscle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3030. [PMID: 37835636 PMCID: PMC10571686 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following strenuous exercise, skeletal muscle experiences an acute inflammatory state that initiates the repair process. Systemic hyaluronic acid (HA) is injected to horses routinely as a joint anti-inflammatory. To gain insight into the effects of HA on skeletal muscle, adult Thoroughbred geldings (n = 6) were injected with a commercial HA product weekly for 3 weeks prior to performing a submaximal exercise test. Gluteal muscle (GM) biopsies were obtained before and 1 h after exercise for gene expression analysis and HA localization. The results from RNA sequencing demonstrate differences in gene expression between non-injected controls (CON; n = 6) and HA horses. Prior to exercise, HA horses contained fewer (p < 0.05) transcripts associated with leukocyte activity and cytokine production than CON. The performance of exercise resulted in the upregulation (p < 0.05) of several cytokine genes and their signaling intermediates, indicating that HA does not suppress the normal inflammatory response to exercise. The transcript abundance for marker genes of neutrophils (NCF2) and macrophages (CD163) was greater (p < 0.05) post-exercise and was unaffected by HA injection. The anti-inflammatory effects of HA on muscle are indirect as no differences (p > 0.05) in the relative amount of the macromolecule was observed between the CON and HA fiber extracellular matrix (ECM). However, exercise tended (p = 0.10) to cause an increase in ECM size suggestive of muscle damage and remodeling. The finding was supported by the increased (p < 0.05) expression of CTGF, TGFβ1, MMP9, TIMP4 and Col4A1. Collectively, the results validate HA as an anti-inflammatory aid that does not disrupt the normal post-exercise muscle repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sally E. Johnson
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.R.G.); (M.R.B.)
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Elvitigala KCML, Mubarok W, Sakai S. Tuning the crosslinking and degradation of hyaluronic acid/gelatin hydrogels using hydrogen peroxide for muscle cell sheet fabrication. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:5880-5887. [PMID: 37439099 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell sheets have immense potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications including tissue regeneration, drug testing, and disease modelling. In this study, composite hydrogels were prepared from a mixture of phenolated hyaluronic acid (HA-Ph) and gelatin (Gelatin-Ph), with a controlled degree of polymer crosslinking and degradation, to fabricate muscle cell sheets from myoblasts. These hydrogels were obtained via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated crosslinking catalysed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and peroxide-mediated cleavage of the polymer chains. The degrees of crosslinking and degradation were modulated by altering the exposure time to air containing H2O2. The results showed that exposing a solution of 2% w/v HA-Ph, 0.75% w/v Gelatin-Ph, and 1 unit mL-1 HRP to air with 16 ppm H2O2 for 60 min yielded a stiffer hydrogel (7.16 kPa Young's modulus) than exposure times of 15 min (0.46 kPa) and 120 min (3.98 kPa). Moreover, mouse myoblast C2C12 cells cultured on a stiff hydrogel and induced to undergo myogenic differentiation formed longer and higher-density myotubes than those on softer hydrogels. The cell sheets were readily detached within 5 min by immersing the HA-Ph/Gelatin-Ph hydrogels covered with a monolayer of cells in a medium containing hyaluronidase. Our findings demonstrate that composite hydrogels with properties tuned by controlling the exposure time to H2O2, show great promise as platforms for muscle cell sheet fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wildan Mubarok
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Shinji Sakai
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
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Chen W, Chen W, Liu P, Qian S, Tao S, Huang M, Xu W, Li C, Chen X, Lin H, Qin Z, Lu J, Xie S. Role of lncRNA Has2os in Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:3497. [PMID: 36359891 PMCID: PMC9655701 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a series of physiological processes and play an important role in development, metabolism and disease. Our previous studies showed that lncRNAs involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. Here, we demonstrated that lncRNA Has2os is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and significantly elevated during skeletal cell differentiation. The knockdown of Has2os inhibited myocyte fusion and impeded the expression of the myogenic factors MyHC and Mef2C. Mechanically, Has2os regulates skeletal muscle differentiation by inhibiting the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, we also revealed that Has2os is involved in the early stage of regeneration after muscle injury, and the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway is activated at both protein and mRNA levels during early repair. Our results demonstrate the new function of lncRNA Has2os, which plays crucial roles during skeletal muscle differentiation and muscle regeneration, providing a basis for the therapy of lncRNA-related muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weicai Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shiyu Qian
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuang Tao
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mengchun Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wanyi Xu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Huizhu Lin
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhenshu Qin
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, Chenzhou First People’s Hospital Affiliated to South China University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Jianxi Lu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shujuan Xie
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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DeSimone AM, Leszyk J, Wagner K, Emerson CP. Identification of the hyaluronic acid pathway as a therapeutic target for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw7099. [PMID: 31844661 PMCID: PMC6905861 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is linked to epigenetic derepression of the germline/embryonic transcription factor DUX4 in skeletal muscle. However, the etiology of muscle pathology is not fully understood, as DUX4 misexpression is not tightly correlated with disease severity. Using a DUX4-inducible cell model, we show that multiple DUX4-induced molecular pathologies that have been observed in patient-derived disease models are mediated by the signaling molecule hyaluronic acid (HA), which accumulates following DUX4 induction. These pathologies include formation of RNA granules, FUS aggregation, DNA damage, caspase activation, and cell death. We also observe previously unidentified pathologies including mislocalization of mitochondria and the DUX4- and HA-binding protein C1QBP. These pathologies are prevented by 4-methylumbelliferone, an inhibitor of HA biosynthesis. Critically, 4-methylumbelliferone does not disrupt DUX4-C1QBP binding and has only a limited effect on DUX4 transcriptional activity, establishing that HA signaling has a central function in pathology and is a target for FSHD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec M. DeSimone
- Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Program, Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John Leszyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Wagner
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles P. Emerson
- Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Program, Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Vieira PDC, Waghabi MC, Beghini DG, Predes D, Abreu JG, Mouly V, Butler-Browne G, Barbosa HS, Adesse D. Toxoplasma gondii Impairs Myogenesis in vitro, With Changes in Myogenic Regulatory Factors, Altered Host Cell Proliferation and Secretory Profile. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:395. [PMID: 31828046 PMCID: PMC6890860 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease with a wide global prevalence. The parasite forms cysts in skeletal muscle cells and neurons, although no evident association with inflammatory infiltrates has been typically found. We studied the impact of T. gondii infection on the myogenic program of mouse skeletal muscle cells (SkMC). The C2C12 murine myoblast cell line was infected with T. gondii tachyzoites (ME49 strain) for 24 h followed by myogenic differentiation induction. T. gondii infection caused a general decrease in myotube differentiation, fusion and maturation, along with decreased expression of myosin heavy chain. The expression of Myogenic Regulatory Factors Myf5, MyoD, Mrf4 and myogenin was modulated by the infection. Infected cultures presented increased proliferation rates, as assessed by Ki67 immunostaining, whereas neither host cell lysis nor apoptosis were significantly augmented in infected dishes. Cytokine Bead Array indicated that IL-6 and MCP-1 were highly increased in the medium from infected cultures, whereas TGF-β1 was consistently decreased. Inhibition of the IL-6 receptor or supplementation with recombinant TGF-β failed to reverse the deleterious effects caused by the infection. However, conditioned medium from infected cultures inhibited myogenesis in C2C12 cells. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was impaired in T. gondii-infected cultures. Our data indicate that T. gondii leads SkMCs to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, leaving cells unresponsive to β-catenin activation, and inhibition of the myogenic differentiation program. Such deregulation may suggest muscle atrophy and molecular mechanisms similar to those involved in myositis observed in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Caldas Waghabi
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gois Beghini
- Laboratório de Inovação em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danilo Predes
- Laboratório de Embriologia de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Garcia Abreu
- Laboratório de Embriologia de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Myology Research Center UMRS974, Paris, France
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Myology Research Center UMRS974, Paris, France
| | - Helene Santos Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Andrews MAW. Stretch Receptor and Somatic Dysfunction: A Narrative Review. J Osteopath Med 2019; 119:511-519. [PMID: 31355890 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
From its founding by Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO, through the work of many contributors, one of the cornerstones of osteopathic medicine has been its ability to aid health by promoting neuromuscular homeostasis. As part of the understanding of osteopathic medicine since the time of Still, the proper functioning of stretch receptor organs (SROs) of skeletal muscle have been recognized as having a central role in this homeostasis. In doing so, the complexities of these numerous and vital sensors are described, including recent findings regarding their structure, function, and the nature of their neural connections. In their homeostatic role, SROs conduct information centrally for integration in proprioceptive and autonomic reflexes. By virtue of their integral role in muscle reflexes, they are putatively involved in somatic dysfunction and segmental facilitation. In reviewing some well-established knowledge regarding the SRO and introducing more recent scientific findings, an attempt is made to offer insights on how this knowledge may be applied to better understand somatic dysfunction.
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Carmen L, Maria V, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, Palmieri B, Iannitti T. Role of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Glycobiology 2019; 29:110-123. [PMID: 29924302 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited fatal X-linked myogenic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 3500 male live births. It affects voluntary muscles, and heart and breathing muscles. DMD is characterized by continuous degeneration and regeneration cycles resulting in extensive fibrosis and a progressive reduction in muscle mass. Since the identification of a reduction in dystrophin protein as the cause of this disorder, numerous innovative and experimental therapies, focusing on increasing the levels of dystrophin, have been proposed, but the clinical improvement has been unsatisfactory. Dystrophin forms the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex and its proteins have been studied as a promising novel therapeutic target to treat DMD. Among these proteins, cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found almost ubiquitously on the surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammalian cells. These macromolecules interact with numerous ligands, including ECM constituents, adhesion molecules and growth factors that play a crucial role in muscle development and maintenance. In this article, we have reviewed in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies focused on the functional role of GAGs in the pathophysiology of DMD with the final aim of summarizing the state of the art of GAG dysregulation within the ECM in DMD and discussing future therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurino Carmen
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Vadala' Maria
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CP, AP 62, Mexico
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
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Leng Y, Abdullah A, Wendt MK, Calve S. Hyaluronic acid, CD44 and RHAMM regulate myoblast behavior during embryogenesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:236-254. [PMID: 30130585 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) component that has been shown to play a significant role in regulating muscle cell behavior during repair and regeneration. For instance, ECM remodeling after muscle injury involves an upregulation in HA expression that is coupled with skeletal muscle precursor cell recruitment. However, little is known about the role of HA during skeletal muscle development. To gain insight into the way in which HA mediates embryonic myogenesis, we first determined the spatial distribution and gene expression of CD44, RHAMM and other HA related proteins in embryonic day (E)10.5 to E12.5 murine forelimbs. While HA and CD44 expression remained high, RHAMM decreased at both the protein (via immunohistochemistry) and RNA (via qPCR) levels. Next, we determined that 4-methylumbelliferone-mediated knockdown of HA synthesis inhibited the migration and proliferation of E11.5/E12.5 forelimb-derived cells. Then, the influence of CD44 and RHAMM on myoblast and connective tissue cell behavior was investigated using antibodies against these receptors. Anti-RHAMM, but not anti-CD44, significantly decreased the total distance myogenic progenitors migrated over 24 h, whereas both inhibited connective tissue cell migration. In contrast, anti-CD44 inhibited the proliferation of connective tissue cells and muscle progenitors, but anti-RHAMM had no effect. However, when myoblasts and connective tissue cells were depleted of CD44 and RHAMM by shRNA, motility and proliferation were significantly inhibited in both cells indicating that blocking cell surface-localized CD44 and RHAMM does not have as pronounced effect as global shRNA-mediated depletion of these receptors. These results show, for the first time, the distribution and activity of RHAMM in the context of skeletal muscle. Furthermore, our data indicate that HA, through interactions with CD44 and RHAMM, promotes myogenic progenitor migration and proliferation. Confirmation of the role of HA and its receptors in directing myogenesis will be useful for the design of regenerative therapies that aim to promote the restoration of damaged or diseased muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Leng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Ammara Abdullah
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, Purdue University, 201 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, Purdue University, 201 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America.
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11
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Moriña D, Fernández-Castillejo S, Valls RM, Pedret A, Taltavull N, Romeu M, Giralt M, Montero M, Bernal G, Faba J, Pérez-Merino L, Gonzalez R, Casajuana MC, Rodríguez Á, Arola L, Puiggrós F, Möller I, Chetrit C, Martinez-Puig D, Solà R. Effectiveness of a low-fat yoghurt supplemented with rooster comb extract on muscle strength in adults with mild knee pain and mechanisms of action on muscle regeneration. Food Funct 2018; 9:3244-3253. [PMID: 29888778 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of the intake of low-fat yoghurt supplemented with rooster comb extract (RCE) on muscle strength. METHODS AND RESULTS 148 subjects, with mild knee pain, participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, and parallel study. Muscle strength, knee effusion, and pain perception were measured. C2C12 myoblasts were used to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved. RCE improved total work and mean power in men, and also peak torque in extension by 10%. RCE reduced synovial effusion by 11.8% and pain perception by 24.6%. Both RCE and HA increased myoblast proliferation by 29%, while RCE reduced myoblast differentiation by 36.2%, suggesting a beneficial role of RCE in muscle regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Low-fat yoghurt supplemented with RCE improved muscle strength. This effect is partially explained by muscle regeneration enhancement, reduced synovial effusion, and reduced pain perception, which could exert a beneficial clinical impact on men affected by mild knee pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moriña
- Unit of Infections and Cancer - Information and Interventions (UNIC-I&I), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program (CERP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Li C, Ma Y, Zhang K, Gu J, Tang F, Chen S, Cao L, Li S, Jin Y. Aberrant transcriptional networks in step-wise neurogenesis of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia-induced pluripotent stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53611-53627. [PMID: 27449084 PMCID: PMC5288209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is an episodic movement disorder with autosomal-dominant inheritance and marked variability in clinical manifestations. Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) has been identified as a causative gene of PKD, but the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of PKD still remains a mystery. The phenotypes and transcriptional patterns of the PKD disease need further clarification. Here, we report the generation and neural differentiation of iPSC lines from two familial PKD patients with c.487C>T (p. Gln163X) and c.573dupT (p. Gly192Trpfs*8) PRRT2 mutations, respectively. Notably, an extremely lower efficiency in neural conversion from PKD-iPSCs than control-iPSCs is observed by a step-wise neural differentiation method of dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. Moreover, we show the high expression level of PRRT2 throughout the human brain and the expression pattern of PRRT2 in other human tissues for the first time. To gain molecular insight into the development of the disease, we conduct global gene expression profiling of PKD cells at four different stages of neural induction and identify altered gene expression patterns, which peculiarly reflect dysregulated neural transcriptome signatures and a differentiation tendency to mesodermal development, in comparison to control-iPSCs. Additionally, functional and signaling pathway analyses indicate significantly different cell fate determination between PKD-iPSCs and control-iPSCs. Together, the establishment of PKD-specific in vitro models and the illustration of transcriptome features in PKD cells would certainly help us with better understanding of the defects in neural conversion as well as further investigations in the pathogenesis of the PKD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kunshan Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for The Excellence in Molecular and Cell Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for The Excellence in Molecular and Cell Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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13
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Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122629. [PMID: 29211034 PMCID: PMC5751232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. Glucocorticoids enhanced C2C12 myoblast fusion by modulating the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing. Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. The addition of exogenous versican impaired myoblast fusion, whilst glucocorticoids alleviated this inhibition in fusion. In dystrophic mdx muscles, versican upregulation correlated with pathology. We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration.
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14
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Role of HYAL1 expression in primary breast cancer in the formation of brain metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:427-438. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Oldenburg D, Ru Y, Weinhaus B, Cash S, Theodorescu D, Guin S. CD44 and RHAMM are essential for rapid growth of bladder cancer driven by loss of Glycogen Debranching Enzyme (AGL). BMC Cancer 2016; 16:713. [PMID: 27595989 PMCID: PMC5011830 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of Amylo-alpha-1-6-glucosidase-4-alpha-glucanotransferase (AGL) drives rapid proliferation of bladder cancer cells by upregulating Hyaluronic acid(HA) Synthase (HAS2) mediated HA synthesis. However the role of HA receptors CD44 and Hyaluronan Mediated Motility Receptor (RHAMM) in regulating the growth of bladder cancer cells driven by loss of AGL has not been studied. Methods Western blot analysis and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay was carried out to study cellular apoptosis with HAS2, CD44 and RHAMM loss in bladder cancer cells with and without AGL expression. Proliferation and softagar assays were carried out to study cellular anchorage dependent and independent growth. Clinicopathologic analysis was carried out on bladder cancer patient datasets. Results Higher amounts of cleaved Cas3, Cas9 and PARP was observed in AGL low bladder cancer cell with loss of HAS2, CD44 or RHAMM. TUNEL staining showed more apoptotic cells with loss of HAS2, CD44 or RHAMM in AGL low bladder cancer cells. This revealed that bladder cancer cells whose aggressive growth is mediated by loss of AGL are susceptible to apoptosis with loss of HAS2, CD44 or RHAMM. Interestingly loss of either CD44 or RHAMM induces apoptosis in different low AGL expressing bladder cancer cell lines. Growth assays showed that loss of CD44 and RHAMM predominantly inhibit anchorage dependent and independent growth of AGL low bladder cancer cells. Clinicopathologic analysis revealed that high RHAMM mRNA expression is a marker of poor patient outcome in bladder cancer and patients with high RHAMM and low AGL tumor mRNA expression have poor survival. Conclusion Our findings strongly point to the importance of the HAS2-HA-CD44/RHAMM pathway for rapid growth of bladder cancer cells with loss of AGL and provides rational for targeting this pathway at various steps for “personalized” treatment of bladder cancer patients based of their AGL expression status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2756-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby Oldenburg
- Gundersen Medical Foundation, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA
| | - Yuanbin Ru
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, 300 Bel Merin Keys Blvd, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Benjamin Weinhaus
- University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA
| | - Steve Cash
- Gundersen Medical Foundation, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sunny Guin
- Gundersen Medical Foundation, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA.
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16
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Liang J, Jiang D, Noble PW. Hyaluronan as a therapeutic target in human diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:186-203. [PMID: 26541745 PMCID: PMC4753080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and turnover of extracellular matrix is a hallmark of tissue injury, repair and remodeling in human diseases. Hyaluronan is a major component of the extracellular matrix and plays an important role in regulating tissue injury and repair, and controlling disease outcomes. The function of hyaluronan depends on its size, location, and interactions with binding partners. While fragmented hyaluronan stimulates the expression of an array of genes by a variety of cell types regulating inflammatory responses and tissue repair, cell surface hyaluronan provides protection against tissue damage from the environment and promotes regeneration and repair. The interactions of hyaluronan and its binding proteins participate in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Thus, targeting hyaluronan and its interactions with cells and proteins may provide new approaches to developing therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrosing diseases. This review focuses on the role of hyaluronan in biological and pathological processes, and as a potential therapeutic target in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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17
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Hunt LC, Xu B, Finkelstein D, Fan Y, Carroll PA, Cheng PF, Eisenman RN, Demontis F. The glucose-sensing transcription factor MLX promotes myogenesis via myokine signaling. Genes Dev 2015; 29:2475-89. [PMID: 26584623 PMCID: PMC4691951 DOI: 10.1101/gad.267419.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Hunt et. al. provide novel insight into the regulation of glucose-induced myogenesis. They demonstrate that changes in glucose levels regulate myogenesis by increasing the activity of the glucose-responsive transcription factor MLX, which is necessary and sufficient for myoblast fusion and differentiation. Metabolic stress and changes in nutrient levels modulate many aspects of skeletal muscle function during aging and disease. Growth factors and cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle, known as myokines, are important signaling factors, but it is largely unknown whether they modulate muscle growth and differentiation in response to nutrients. Here, we found that changes in glucose levels increase the activity of the glucose-responsive transcription factor MLX (Max-like protein X), which promotes and is necessary for myoblast fusion. MLX promotes myogenesis not via an adjustment of glucose metabolism but rather by inducing the expression of several myokines, including insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), whereas RNAi and dominant-negative MLX reduce IGF2 expression and block myogenesis. This phenotype is rescued by conditioned medium from control muscle cells and by recombinant IGF2, which activates the myogenic kinase Akt. Importantly, MLX-null mice display decreased IGF2 induction and diminished muscle regeneration in response to injury, indicating that the myogenic function of MLX is manifested in vivo. Thus, glucose is a signaling molecule that regulates myogenesis and muscle regeneration via MLX/IGF2/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam C Hunt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Division of Developmental Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Patrick A Carroll
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Pei-Feng Cheng
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Robert N Eisenman
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Division of Developmental Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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18
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Solà R, Valls RM, Martorell I, Giralt M, Pedret A, Taltavull N, Romeu M, Rodríguez À, Moriña D, Lopez de Frutos V, Montero M, Casajuana MC, Pérez L, Faba J, Bernal G, Astilleros A, González R, Puiggrós F, Arola L, Chetrit C, Martinez-Puig D. A low-fat yoghurt supplemented with a rooster comb extract on muscle joint function in adults with mild knee pain: a randomized, double blind, parallel, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of efficacy. Food Funct 2015; 6:3531-9. [PMID: 26302034 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00321k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary results suggested that oral-administration of rooster comb extract (RCE) rich in hyaluronic acid (HA) was associated with improved muscle strength. Following these promising results, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low-fat yoghurt supplemented with RCE rich in HA on muscle function in adults with mild knee pain; a symptom of early osteoarthritis. Participants (n = 40) received low-fat yoghurt (125 mL d(-1)) supplemented with 80 mg d(-1) of RCE and the placebo group (n = 40) consumed the same yoghurt without the RCE, in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel trial over 12 weeks. Using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 4), RCE consumption, compared to control, increased the affected knee peak torque, total work and mean power at 180° s(-1), at least 11% in men (p < 0.05) with no differences in women. No dietary differences were noted. These results suggest that long-term consumption of low-fat yoghurt supplemented with RCE could be a dietary tool to improve muscle strength in men, associated with possible clinical significance. However, further studies are needed to elucidate reasons for these sex difference responses observed, and may provide further insight into muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Solà
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain.
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19
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Torihashi S, Ho M, Kawakubo Y, Komatsu K, Nagai M, Hirayama Y, Kawabata Y, Takenaka-Ninagawa N, Wanachewin O, Zhuo L, Kimata K. Acute and temporal expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene 6 product, TSG6, in mesenchymal stem cells creates microenvironments required for their successful transplantation into muscle tissue. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22771-81. [PMID: 26178374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that when mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from mouse ES cells were transplanted into skeletal muscle, more than 60% of them differentiated into muscles in the crush-injured tibialis anterior muscle in vivo, although MSCs neither differentiated nor settled in the intact muscle. Microenvironments, including the extracellular matrix between the injured and intact muscle, were quite different. In the injured muscle, hyaluronan (HA), heavy chains of inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), CD44, and TNF-α-stimulated gene 6 product (TSG-6) increased 24-48 h after injury, although basement membrane components of differentiated muscle such as perlecan, laminin, and type IV collagen increased gradually 4 days after the crush. We then investigated the microenvironments crucial for cell transplantation, using the lysate of C2C12 myotubules for mimicking injured circumstances in vivo. MSCs settled in the intact muscle when they were transplanted together with the C2C12 lysate or TSG6. MSCs produced and released TSG6 when they were cultured with C2C12 lysates in vitro. MSCs pretreated with the lysate also settled in the intact muscle. Furthermore, MSCs whose TSG6 was knocked down by shRNA, even if transplanted or pretreated with the lysate, could not settle in the muscle. Immunofluorescent staining showed that HA and IαI always co-localized or were distributed closely, suggesting formation of covalent complexes, i.e. the SHAP-HA complex in the presence of TSG6. Thus, TSG6, HA, and IαI were crucial factors for the settlement and probably the subsequent differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeko Torihashi
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan
| | - Mioko Ho
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawakubo
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Kazumi Komatsu
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagai
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawabata
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan
| | - Nana Takenaka-Ninagawa
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan, the Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, and
| | - Orawan Wanachewin
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Lisheng Zhuo
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Kimata
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan,
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20
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Abstract
The fate of both endogenous and transplanted stem cells is dependent on the functional status of the regulatory local microenvironment, which is compromised by disease and therapeutic intervention. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a critical component of the hematopoietic microenvironment. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of HA in regulating mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelium in bone marrow (BM) and their crosstalk within the hematopoietic microenvironment. HA not only determines the volume, hydration, and microfluidics of the BM interstitial space, but also, via interactions with specific receptors, regulates multiple cell functions including differentiation, migration, and production of regulatory factors. The effects of HA are dependent on the polymer size and are influenced by the formation of complexes with other molecules. In healthy BM, HA synthases and hyaluronidases form a molecular network that maintains extracellular HA levels within a discrete physiological window, but HA homeostasis is often perturbed in pathological conditions, including hematological malignancies. Recent studies have suggested that HA synthases may have functions beyond HA production and contribute to the intracellular regulatory machinery. We discuss a possible role for HA synthases, intracellular and extracellular HA in the malignant BM microenvironment, and resistance to therapy.
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21
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Brunet FG, Fraser FW, Binder MJ, Smith AD, Kintakas C, Dancevic CM, Ward AC, McCulloch DR. The evolutionary conservation of the A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase domain with Thrombospondin-1 motif metzincins across vertebrate species and their expression in teleost zebrafish. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:22. [PMID: 25879701 PMCID: PMC4349717 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase domain with Thrombospondin-1 motifs (ADAMTS) enzymes comprise 19 mammalian zinc-dependent metalloproteinases (metzincins) with homologues in a wide range of invertebrates. ADAMTS enzymes have a broad range of functions in development and diseases due to their extracellular matrix remodelling activity. Here, we report a detailed characterisation of their evolutionary conservation across vertebrates. Results Using bioinformatics complemented with de novo sequencing, gene sequences for ADAMTS enzymes were obtained from a variety of organisms. Detailed evolutionary analyses revealed a high level of conservation across vertebrates with evidence of ADAMTS gene expansion during two rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) in vertebrates, while tandem duplication events and gene loss were also apparent. However, the additional round of teleost-specific WGD did not have a significant effect on ADAMTS gene family members suggesting their conserved roles have remained constant in teleost fish. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dynamic expression of adamts genes throughout zebrafish embryonic development reflecting the key conserved roles they play in vertebrate embryogenesis. Notably, several adamts mRNAs were maternally expressed with a dramatic increase in mRNA levels coinciding with zygotic expression and organogenesis. Broad adamts mRNA expression was also demonstrated in several adult organs indicating potential roles in adult homeostasis. Conclusions Our data highlight the evolution of the ADAMTS gene family through duplication processes across metazoans supplemented by a burst of amplification through vertebrate WGD events. It also strongly posits the zebrafish as a potential model species to further elucidate the function of ADAMTS enzymes during vertebrate development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0281-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric G Brunet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon cedex 07, France.
| | - Fiona W Fraser
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | - Marley J Binder
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | - Adam D Smith
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | | | | | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia. .,Molecular and Medical Research Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | - Daniel R McCulloch
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia. .,Molecular and Medical Research Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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22
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Kabra H, Hwang Y, Lim HL, Kar M, Arya G, Varghese S. Biomimetic Material-Assisted Delivery of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivatives for Enhanced In Vivo Survival and Engraftment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2014; 1:7-12. [PMID: 26280019 DOI: 10.1021/ab500021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their derivatives to differentiate and contribute to tissue repair has enormous potential to treat various debilitating diseases. However, improving the in vivo viability and function of the transplanted cells, a key determinant of translating cell-based therapies to the clinic, remains a daunting task. Here, we develop a hybrid biomaterial consisting of hyaluronic acid (HA) grafted with 6-aminocaproic acid moieties (HA-6ACA) to improve cell delivery and their subsequent in vivo function using skeletal muscle as a model system. Our findings show that the biomimetic material-assisted delivery of hESC-derived myogenic progenitor cells into cardiotoxin-injured skeletal muscles of NOD/SCID mice significantly promotes survival and engraftment of transplanted cells in a dose-dependent manner. The donor cells were found to contribute to the regeneration of damaged muscle fibers and to the satellite cell (muscle specific stem cells) compartment. Such biomimetic cell delivery vehicles that are cost-effective and easy-to-synthesize could play a key role in improving the outcomes of other stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Kabra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Han Liang Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mrityunjoy Kar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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23
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Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by skeletal muscle cells augments myogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 331:292-308. [PMID: 25281303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by skeletal muscle cells after muscle overload contributes to ensuing regenerative and hypertrophic processes in skeletal muscle. The objective of the present study is to reveal mechanisms through which skeletal muscle cell expression of ICAM-1 augments regenerative and hypertrophic processes of myogenesis. This was accomplished by genetically engineering C2C12 myoblasts to stably express ICAM-1, and by inhibiting the adhesive and signaling functions of ICAM-1 through the use of a neutralizing antibody or cell penetrating peptide, respectively. Expression of ICAM-1 by cultured skeletal muscle cells augmented myoblast-myoblast adhesion, myotube formation, myonuclear number, myotube alignment, myotube-myotube fusion, and myotube size without influencing the ability of myoblasts to proliferate or differentiate. ICAM-1 augmented myotube formation, myonuclear accretion, and myotube alignment through a mechanism involving adhesion-induced activation of ICAM-1 signaling, as these dependent measures were reduced via antibody and peptide inhibition of ICAM-1. The adhesive and signaling functions of ICAM-1 also facilitated myotube hypertrophy through a mechanism involving myotube-myotube fusion, protein synthesis, and Akt/p70s6k signaling. Our findings demonstrate that ICAM-1 expression by skeletal muscle cells augments myogenesis, and establish a novel mechanism through which the inflammatory response facilitates growth processes in skeletal muscle.
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24
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Barthold JS, Wang Y, Robbins A, Pike J, McDowell E, Johnson KJ, McCahan SM. Transcriptome analysis of the dihydrotestosterone-exposed fetal rat gubernaculum identifies common androgen and insulin-like 3 targets. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:143. [PMID: 24174575 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens and insulin-like 3 (INSL3) are required for development of the fetal gubernaculum and testicular descent. Previous studies suggested that the INSL3-exposed fetal gubernacular transcriptome is enriched for genes involved in neural pathways. In the present study, we profiled the transcriptome of fetal gubernaculum explants exposed to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and compared this response to that with INSL3. We exposed fetal (Embryonic Day 17) rat gubernacula to DHT for 24 h (10 and 30 nM) or 6 h (1 and 10 nM) in organ culture and analyzed gene expression relative to that of vehicle-treated controls using Affymetrix arrays. Results were annotated using functional, pathway, and promoter analyses and independently validated for selected transcripts using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Transcripts were differentially expressed after 24 h but not 6 h. Most highly overrepresented functional categories included those related to gene expression, skeletal and muscular development and function, and Wnt signaling. Promoter response elements enriched in the DHT-specific transcriptome included consensus sequences for c-ETS1, ELK1, CREB, CRE-BP1/c-June, NRF2, and USF. We observed that 55% of DHT probe sets were also differentially expressed after INSL3 exposure and that the direction of change was the same in 96%. The qRT-PCR results confirmed that DHT increased expression of the INSL3-responsive genes Crlf1 and Chrdl2 but reduced expression of Wnt4. We also validated reduced Tgfb2 and Cxcl12 and increased Slit3 expression following DHT exposure. These data suggest a robust overlap in the DHT- and INSL3-regulated transcriptome that may be mediated in part by CREB signaling and a common Wnt pathway response for both hormones in the fetal gubernaculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Barthold
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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