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Chen X, Fan K, Lu J, Zhang S, Dong J, Qin J, Fan W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Peng H, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Yu C, Xiong Y, Song Y, Ye Q, Mai S, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhang F, Wen X, Zhou T, Han L, Long M, Pan G, Burke JF, Zhang X. Selecting Monoclonal Cell Lineages from Somatic Reprogramming Using Robotic-Based Spatial-Restricting Structured Flow. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0338. [PMID: 38464498 PMCID: PMC10923610 DOI: 10.34133/research.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming generates induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which serve as a crucial source of seed cells for personalized disease modeling and treatment in regenerative medicine. However, the process of reprogramming often causes substantial lineage manipulations, thereby increasing cellular heterogeneity. As a consequence, the process of harvesting monoclonal iPSCs is labor-intensive and leads to decreased reproducibility. Here, we report the first in-house developed robotic platform that uses a pin-tip-based micro-structure to manipulate radial shear flow for automated monoclonal iPSC colony selection (~1 s) in a non-invasive and label-free manner, which includes tasks for somatic cell reprogramming culturing, medium changes; time-lapse-based high-content imaging; and iPSCs monoclonal colony detection, selection, and expansion. Throughput-wise, this automated robotic system can perform approximately 24 somatic cell reprogramming tasks within 50 days in parallel via a scheduling program. Moreover, thanks to a dual flow-based iPSC selection process, the purity of iPSCs was enhanced, while simultaneously eliminating the need for single-cell subcloning. These iPSCs generated via the dual processing robotic approach demonstrated a purity 3.7 times greater than that of the conventional manual methods. In addition, the automatically produced human iPSCs exhibited typical pluripotent transcriptional profiles, differentiation potential, and karyotypes. In conclusion, this robotic method could offer a promising solution for the automated isolation or purification of lineage-specific cells derived from iPSCs, thereby accelerating the development of personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Fan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Industry and Engineering,
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Dong
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jisheng Qin
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Fan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huo Peng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Sun
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Yu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucui Xiong
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Mai
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qizheng Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Zhou
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Electrical Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mian Long
- Institute of Mechanics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Julian F. Burke
- Biological Sciences,
University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People’s Republic of China;
Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Urasawa T, Koizumi T, Kimura K, Ohta Y, Kawasaki N. Quantitative Proteomics for the Development and Manufacturing of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Using Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37097202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) have several potential applications in regenerative medicine. A deep understanding of stem cell characteristics is critical for developing appropriate products for use in the clinic. This study aimed to develop approaches for characterizing iPSC-derived NSCs. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) was used to obtain temporal proteomic profiles of differentiating cells. Principal component analysis of the proteome profiles allowed for the discrimination of cells cultured for different periods. Cells were characterized by Gene Ontology analysis to annotate the upregulated proteins based on their functions. We found that trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), a membrane glycoprotein that inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was elevated in NSC and that silencing TPBG promoted proliferation rather than neuronal differentiation. Treatment with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activators and inhibitors showed that modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is crucial for differentiation into NSC. These results suggest that the level of TPBG is critical for differentiation into NSC, and TPBG is a potentially critical quality attribute of differentiating cells. In summary, DIA-MS-based proteomics is a promising multi-attribute method for characterizing stem cell-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Urasawa
- Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takumi Koizumi
- Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kimura
- Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Nana Kawasaki
- Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
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3
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Wnt signaling and the regulation of pluripotency. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:95-119. [PMID: 36967203 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of Wnt signaling in stem cells has been mired in seemingly contradictory findings. On one hand, Wnt has been heralded as a self-renewal factor. On the other hand, Wnt's association with differentiation and lineage commitment is indisputable. This apparent contradiction is particularly evident in pluripotent stem cells, where Wnt promotes self-renewal as well as differentiation. To resolve this discrepancy one must delve into fundamental principles of pluripotency and gain an appreciation for the concept of pluripotency states, which exist in a continuum with intermediate metastable states, some of which have been stabilized in vitro. Wnt signaling is a critical regulator of transitions between pluripotent states. Here, we will discuss Wnt's roles in maintaining pluripotency, promoting differentiation, as well as stimulating reprogramming of somatic cells to an induced pluripotent state.
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Iizumi R, Honda M. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040224. [PMID: 36546925 PMCID: PMC9776043 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is a collagenous tissue that is important for maintaining the homeostasis of cementum and alveolar bone. In tendon cells, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been reported to regulate the expression level of Scleraxis (Scx) and Mohawk Homeobox (Mkx) gene and maintain the tissue homeostasis, while its role in the periodontal ligament is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced by Wnt-3a stimulation on the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs). During osteogenic differentiation of HPLFs, they formed bone nodules independently of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. After stimulation of Wnt-3a, the expression of β-catenin increased, and nuclear translocation of β-catenin was observed. These data indicate that Wnt-3a activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, the stimulation of Wnt-3a inhibited the bone nodule formation and suppressed the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes such as Runx2, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin, and upregulated the gene expression of Type-I collagen and Periostin (Postn). Scx may be involved in the suppression of osteogenic differentiation in HPLFs. In conclusion, Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be an important signaling pathway that inhibits the osteogenic differentiation in HPLFs by the upregulation of Scx gene expression and downregulation of osteogenic differentiation-related genes.
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Cancer cells as a new source of induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:459. [PMID: 36064437 PMCID: PMC9446809 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have had various potential applications in various medical research areas, from personalized medicine to disease treatment. Different cellular resources are accessible for iPSC generation, such as keratinocytes, skin fibroblasts, and blood or urine cells. However, all these sources are somatic cells, and we must make several changes in a somatic cell's transcriptome and chromatin state to become a pluripotent cell. It has recently been revealed that cancer cells can be a new source of iPSCs production. Cancer cells show similarities with iPSCs in self-renewal capacity, reprogramming potency, and signaling pathways. Although genetic abnormalities and potential tumor formation in cancer cells pose a severe risk, reprogrammed cancer-induced pluripotent stem cells (cancer-iPSCs) indicate that pluripotency can transiently overcome the cancer phenotype. This review discusses whether cancer cells can be a preferable source to generate iPSCs.
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Kinoshita Y, Arita S, Ogawa T, Takenouchi A, Inagaki-Ohara K. Augmented leptin-induced trefoil factor 3 expression and epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation differentially influences neoplasia progression in the stomach and colorectum of dietary fat-induced obese mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 729:109379. [PMID: 36002083 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for gastrointestinal malignancies and tumors. However, which factors either protect or predispose the gastrointestinal organs to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced neoplasia remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that HFD impacts the stomach to a greater extent as compared to the colorectum, resulting in leptin receptor (LepR) signaling-mediated neoplasia in the tissues. HFD activated leptin signaling, which in turn, accelerates the pathogenesis in the gastric mucosa more than that in the colorectum along with ectopic TFF3 expression. Moreover, in the stomach, higher levels of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in addition to the activation of STAT3 and Akt were observed as compared to the colorectum. The mice with LepR deletion in the gastrointestinal epithelium exhibited a suppressed induction of leptin, TFF3, and phosphorylated EGFR in the stomach, whereas the levels in the colorectum were insignificant. In co-transfected COS-7 cells with LepR and EGFR plasmid DNA, leptin transactivated EGFR to accelerate TFF3 induction along with activation of STAT3, ERK1/2, Akt, and PI3K p85/p55. Furthermore, TFF3 could bind to EGFR but did not transactivate LepR. Leptin-induced TFF3 induction was markedly suppressed by inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002) and EGFR (Erlotinib). Together, these results suggest a novel role of LepR-mediated signaling in transactivating EGFR that leads to TFF3 expression via the PI3K-Akt pathway. Therefore, this study sheds light on the identification of potentially new therapeutic targets for the treatment of pre-cancerous symptoms in stomach and colorectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kinoshita
- Division of Host Defense, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan
| | - Seiya Arita
- Division of Host Defense, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Division of Host Defense, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan
| | - Ayane Takenouchi
- Division of Host Defense, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan
| | - Kyoko Inagaki-Ohara
- Division of Host Defense, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan.
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7
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Haraguchi D, Nakamura T. Pramef12 enhances reprogramming into naïve iPS cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101267. [PMID: 35592616 PMCID: PMC9111934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by forced expression of the transcription factors Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc (OKSM). Somatic cell nuclear transfer can also be utilized to reprogram somatic cells into totipotent embryos, suggesting that factors present in oocytes potentially enhance the efficiency of iPS cell generation. Here, we showed that preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma family member 12 (Pramef12), which is highly expressed in oocytes, enhances the generation of iPS cells from mouse fibroblasts. Overexpression of Pramef12 during the early phase of OKSM-induced reprogramming enhanced the efficiency of iPS cell derivation. In addition, overexpression of Pramef12 also enhanced expression of naïve pluripotency-associated genes, Gtl2 located within the Dlk1–Dio3 imprinted region essential for full pluripotency, glycolysis-associated genes, and oxidative phosphorylation-associated genes, and it promoted mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during iPS cell generation. Furthermore, Pramef12 greatly activated β-catenin during iPS cell generation. These observations suggested that Pramef12 enhances OKSM-induced reprogramming via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Pramef12 enhances OKSM-induced reprogramming into naïve iPS cells. Pramef12 enhances expression of naïve pluripotency-associated genes, essential genes for full pluripotency, glycolysis-associated genes, and oxidative phosphorylation-associated genes. Pramef12 promotes mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during iPS cell generation. Pramef12 enhances OKSM-induced reprogramming via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshinobu Nakamura
- Gaduate School of Bio-Science, Japan
- Department of Bio-Science, Japan
- Genome Editing Research Institute, Ngahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
- Corresponding author. Laboratory for epigenetic regulation, Department of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Japan.
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Lam ATL, Ho V, Vassilev S, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. An allied reprogramming, selection, expansion and differentiation platform for creating hiPSC on microcarriers. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13256. [PMID: 36574589 PMCID: PMC9357361 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated by monolayer cultures is plagued by low efficiencies, high levels of manipulation and operator unpredictability. We have developed a platform, reprogramming, expansion, and differentiation on Microcarriers, to solve these challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five sources of human somatic cells were reprogrammed, selected, expanded and differentiated in microcarriers suspension cultures. RESULTS Improvement of transduction efficiencies up to 2 times was observed. Accelerated reprogramming in microcarrier cultures was 7 days faster than monolayer, providing between 30 and 50-fold more clones to choose from fibroblasts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cells and CD34+ stem cells. This was observed to be due to an earlier induction of genes (β-catenin, E-cadherin and EpCAM) on day 4 versus monolayer cultures which occurred on days 14 or later. Following that, faster induction and earlier stabilization of pluripotency genes occurred during the maturation phase of reprogramming. Integrated expansion without trypsinization and efficient differentiation, without embryoid bodies formation, to the three germ-layers, cardiomyocytes and haematopoietic stem cells were further demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Our method can solve the inherent problems of conventional monolayer cultures. It is highly efficient, cell dissociation free, can be operated with lower labor, and allows testing of differentiation efficiency without trypsinization and generation of embryoid bodies. It is also amenable to automation for processing more samples in a small footprint, alleviating many challenges of manual monolayer selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Tin Lun Lam
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology InstituteAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
| | - Valerie Ho
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology InstituteAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
| | - Svetlan Vassilev
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology InstituteAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology InstituteAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
| | - Steve Kah Weng Oh
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology InstituteAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
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Anh LPH, Nishimura K, Kuno A, Linh NT, Kato T, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Sugihara E, Sato TA, Hayashi Y, Fukuda A, Hisatake K. Downregulation of Odd-Skipped Related 2, a Novel Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Enables Efficient Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells 2022; 40:397-410. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming proceeds through a series of events to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The early stage of reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is characterized by rapid cell proliferation and morphological changes, which are accompanied by downregulation of mesenchyme-associated genes. However, the functional relevance of their downregulation to reprogramming remains poorly defined. In this study, we have screened transcriptional regulators that are downregulated immediately upon reprogramming, presumably through direct targeting by reprogramming factors. To test if these transcriptional regulators impact reprogramming when expressed continuously, we generated an expression vector that harbors human cytomegalovirus upstream open reading frame 2 (uORF2), which reduces translation to minimize the detrimental effect of an expressed protein. Screening of transcriptional regulators with this expression vector revealed that downregulation of odd-skipped related 2 (Osr2) is crucial for efficient reprogramming. Using a cell-based model for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we show that Osr2 is a novel EMT regulator that acts through induction of TGF-β signaling. During reprogramming, Osr2 downregulation not only diminishes TGF-β signaling but also allows activation of Wnt signaling, thus promoting mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) toward acquisition of pluripotency. Our results illuminate the functional significance of Osr2 downregulation in erasing the mesenchymal phenotype at an early stage of somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Phuong Hoang Anh
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ken Nishimura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thuy Linh
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tetsuo Kato
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | - Mahito Nakanishi
- TOKIWA-Bio, Inc. Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Sato
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Aya Fukuda
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Koji Hisatake
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Zhang R, Yu S, Shen Q, Zhao W, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhu Z, Wu X, Li N, Peng S, Hua J. AXIN2 Reduces the Survival of Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (piPSCs). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312954. [PMID: 34884759 PMCID: PMC8658036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is critical but remains challenging. All piPSCs are extremely sensitive to minor perturbations of culture conditions and signaling network. Inhibitors, such as CHIR99021 and XAV939 targeting the WNT signaling pathway, have been added in a culture medium to modify the cell regulatory network. However, potential side effects of inhibitors could confine the pluripotency and practicability of piPSCs. This study aimed to investigate the roles of AXIN, one component of the WNT pathway in piPSCs. Here, porcine AXIN1 and AXIN2 genes were knocked-down or overexpressed. Digital RNA-seq was performed to explore the mechanism of cell proliferation and apoptosis. We found that (1) overexpression of the porcine AXIN2 gene significantly reduced survival and negatively impacted the pluripotency of piPSCs, and (2) knockdown of AXIN2, a negative effector of the WNT signaling pathway, enhanced the expression of genes involved in cell cycle but reduced the expression of genes related to cell differentiation, death, and apoptosis.
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Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase, a Possible Mediator of Cell Maturation: Towards a New Paradigm. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123338. [PMID: 34943845 PMCID: PMC8699127 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a ubiquitous membrane-bound glycoprotein capable of providing inorganic phosphate by catalyzing the hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters, or removing inorganic pyrophosphate that inhibits calcification. In humans, four forms of ALP cDNA have been cloned, among which tissue-nonspecific ALP (TNSALP) (TNSALP) is widely distributed in the liver, bone, and kidney, making it an important marker in clinical and basic research. Interestingly, TNSALP is highly expressed in juvenile cells, such as pluripotent stem cells (i.e., embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) and somatic stem cells (i.e., neuronal stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). Hypophosphatasia is a genetic disorder causing defects in bone and tooth development as well as neurogenesis. Mutations in the gene coding for TNSALP are thought to be responsible for the abnormalities, suggesting the essential role of TNSALP in these events. Moreover, a reverse-genetics-based study using mice revealed that TNSALP is important in bone and tooth development as well as neurogenesis. However, little is known about the role of TNSALP in the maintenance and differentiation of juvenile cells. Recently, it was reported that cells enriched with TNSALP are more easily reprogrammed into iPSCs than those with less TNSALP. Furthermore, in bone marrow stem cells, ALP could function as a "signal regulator" deciding the fate of these cells. In this review, we summarize the properties of ALP and the background of ALP gene analysis and its manipulation, with a special focus on the potential role of TNSALP in the generation (and possibly maintenance) of juvenile cells.
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12
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Ouban A. SALL4 stemness agent expression in oral squamous cell cancer and its clinical significance. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1914165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Ouban
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Feng D, Yan K, Liang H, Liang J, Wang W, Yu H, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Dong Z, Ling B. CBP-mediated Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling promotes cervical oncogenesis initiated by Piwil2. Neoplasia 2020; 23:1-11. [PMID: 33190089 PMCID: PMC7674161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that Piwil2 reactivated by the human papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 may reprogram somatic cells into tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which contribute to cervical neoplasia lesions. Maintaining the stemness of TICs is critical for the progression of cervical lesions. Here, we determined that canonical Wnt signaling was aberrantly activated in HaCaT cells transfected with lentivirus expressing Piwil2 and in cervical lesion specimens of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and invasive carcinoma. Blocking the β-catenin and CREB binding protein interaction with ICG-001 significantly downregulated the reprogramming factors c-Myc, Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4, thus leading to cell differentiation and preventing tumorigenicity in Piwil2-overexpressing HaCaT cells. Similarly, Piwil2 also critically regulated the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in cervical cancer. We further demonstrated that ICG-001 increased cisplatin sensitivity and significantly suppressed tumor growth of cervical cancer alone or in combination with cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. The β-catenin/ CREB binding protein-mediated transcription activated by Piwil2 is essential for the maintenance of TICs, therefore contributing to the progression of cervical oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Zhu L, Hissa B, Győrffy B, Jann JC, Yang C, Reissfelder C, Schölch S. Characterization of Stem-like Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E305. [PMID: 32429174 PMCID: PMC7278018 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most frequent cause of death from cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with stem-like characteristics lead to distant metastases and thus contribute to the dismal prognosis of PDAC. Our purpose is to investigate the role of stemness in CTCs derived from a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC and to further explore the potential molecular mechanisms. The publically available RNA sequencing dataset GSE51372 was analyzed, and CTCs with (CTC-S) or without (CTC-N) stem-like features were discriminated based on a principal component analysis (PCA). Differentially expressed genes, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and further functional enrichment analyses were performed. The prognostic role of the candidate gene (CTNNB1) was assessed in a clinical PDAC patient cohort. Overexpression of the pluripotency marker Klf4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) in CTC-S cells positively correlates with Ctnnb1 (β-Catenin) expression, and their interaction presumably happens via protein-protein binding in the nucleus. As a result, the adherens junction pathway is significantly enriched in CTC-S. Furthermore, the overexpression of Ctnnb1 is a negative prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in human PDAC cohort. Overexpression of Ctnnb1 may thus promote the metastatic capabilities of CTCs with stem-like properties via adherens junctions in murine PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Barbara Hissa
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johann-Christoph Jann
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Sirt1 is regulated by miR-135a and involved in DNA damage repair during mouse cellular reprogramming. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7431-7447. [PMID: 32335545 PMCID: PMC7202538 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirt1 facilitates the reprogramming of mouse somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It is regulated by micro-RNA and reported to be a target of miR-135a. However, their relationship and roles on cellular reprogramming remain unknown. In this study, we found negative correlations between miR-135a and Sirt1 during mouse embryonic stem cells differentiation and mouse embryonic fibroblasts reprogramming. We further found that the reprogramming efficiency was reduced by the overexpression of miR-135a precursor but induced by the miR-135a inhibitor. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry identified 21 SIRT1 interacting proteins including KU70 and WRN, which were highly enriched for DNA damage repair. In accordance, Sirt1 activator resveratrol reduced DNA damage during the reprogramming process. Wrn was regulated by miR-135a and resveratrol partly rescued the impaired reprogramming efficiency induced by Wrn knockdown. This study showed Sirt1, being partly regulated by miR-135a, bound proteins involved in DNA damage repair and enhanced the iPSCs production.
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Hwang JS, Yoon CK, Hyon JY, Chung TY, Shin YJ. Transcription Factor 4 Regulates the Regeneration of Corneal Endothelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:21. [PMID: 32301972 PMCID: PMC7401711 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) have limited regenerative capacity in vivo. Reduced hCEC density results in bullous keratopathy requiring corneal transplantation. This study reveals the role of transcription factor 4 (TCF4) in hCEC diseases and suggests that TCF4 may be a molecular target for hCEC regeneration. Methods Cell shape, cell proliferation rates, and proliferation-associated proteins were evaluated in normal or senescent hCECs. TCF4 was blocked by siRNA (si-TCF4) or activated using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/dCas9 activation systems (pl-TCF4). The corneal endothelium of six-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was transfected by electroporation followed by cryoinjury. Results Cell proliferation rates and TCF4 levels were reduced in senescent cells. TCF4 CRISPR activation enhanced corneal endothelial wound healing. TCF4 regulated mitochondrial functions including mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial superoxide levels, and energy production. The percentage of cells in the S-phase was reduced with si-TCF4 and increased with pl-TCF4. Cell proliferation and cell cycle-associated proteins were regulated by TCF4. Autophagy was induced by si-TCF4. In vivo transfection of CRISPR/dCas9 activation systems (a-TCF4) induced regeneration of corneal endothelium. Conclusions Corneal endothelial diseases are associated with TCF4 reduction; TCF4 may be a potential target for hCEC diseases. Gene therapy using TCF4 CRISPR/dCas9 may be an effective treatment for hCEC diseases.
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Wang L, Su Y, Huang C, Yin Y, Chu A, Knupp A, Tang Y. NANOG and LIN28 dramatically improve human cell reprogramming by modulating LIN41 and canonical WNT activities. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/12/bio047225. [PMID: 31806618 PMCID: PMC6918770 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cell reprogramming remains extremely inefficient and the underlying mechanisms by different reprogramming factors are elusive. We found that NANOG and LIN28 (NL) synergize to improve OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM)-mediated reprogramming by ∼76-fold and shorten reprogramming latency by at least 1 week. This synergy is inhibited by GLIS1 but reinforced by an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L (iDOT1L) to a ∼127-fold increase in TRA-1-60-positive (+) iPSC colonies. Mechanistically, NL serve as the main drivers of reprogramming in cell epithelialization, the expression of Let-7 miRNA target LIN41, and the activation of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling, which can be further enhanced by iDOT1L treatment. LIN41 overexpression in addition to OSKM similarly promoted cell epithelialization and WNT activation in reprogramming, and a dominant-negative LIN41 mutation significantly blocked NL- and iDOT1L-enhanced reprogramming. We also found that NL- and iDOT1L-induced canonical WNT activation facilitates the initial development kinetics of iPSCs. However, a substantial increase in more mature, homogeneous TRA-1-60+ colony formation was achieved by inhibiting WNT activity at the middle-to-late-reprogramming stage. We further found that LIN41 can replace LIN28 to synergize with NANOG, and that the coexpression of LIN41 with NL further enhanced the formation of mature iPSCs under WNT inhibition. Our study established LIN41 and canonical WNT signaling as the key downstream effectors of NL for the dramatic improvement in reprogramming efficiency and kinetics, and optimized a condition for the robust formation of mature human iPSC colonies from primary cells.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alec Knupp
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Stelcer E, Kulcenty K, Rucinski M, Jopek K, Richter M, Trzeciak T, Suchorska WM. The Role of MicroRNAs in Early Chondrogenesis of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184371. [PMID: 31492046 PMCID: PMC6770352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) play an important role in research regarding regenerative medicine. Particularly, chondrocytes differentiated from hiPSCs seems to be a promising solution for patients suffering from osteoarthritis. We decided to perform chondrogenesis in a three-week monolayer culture. Based on transcriptome analysis, hiPSC-derived chondrocytes (ChiPS) demonstrate the gene expression profile of cells from early chondrogenesis. Chondrogenic progenitors obtained by our group are characterized by significantly high expression of Hox genes, strongly upregulated during limb formation and morphogenesis. There are scanty literature data concerning the role of microRNAs in early chondrogenesis, especially in chondrogenic differentiation of hiPSCs. The main aim of this study was to investigate the microRNA expression profile and to select microRNAs (miRNAs) taking part in early chondrogenesis. Our findings allowed for selection crucial miRNAs engaged in both diminishing pluripotency state and chondrogenic process (inter alia hsa-miR-525-5p, hsa-miR-520c-3p, hsa-miR-628-3p, hsa-miR-196b-star, hsa-miR-629-star, hsa-miR-517b, has-miR-187). These miRNAs regulate early chondrogenic genes such as: HOXD10, HOXA11, RARB, SEMA3C. These results were confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. This work contributes to a better understanding of the role of miRNAs directly involved in chondrogenic differentiation of hiPSCs. These data may result in the establishment of a more efficient protocol of obtaining chondrocyte-like cells from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stelcer
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15th Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15th, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kulcenty
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15th Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15th, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Richter
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 18 czerwca 1956r Street, 61-545 Poznan, Poland.
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 18 czerwca 1956r Street, 61-545 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wiktoria Maria Suchorska
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15th Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15th, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
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Gerovska D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ. Computational analysis of single-cell transcriptomics data elucidates the stabilization of Oct4 expression in the E3.25 mouse preimplantation embryo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8930. [PMID: 31222057 PMCID: PMC6586892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our computational analysis focuses on the 32- to 64-cell mouse embryo transition, Embryonic day (E3.25), whose study in literature is concentrated mainly on the search for an early onset of the second cell-fate decision, the specification of the inner cell mass (ICM) to primitive endoderm (PE) and epiblast (EPI). We analysed single-cell (sc) microarray transcriptomics data from E3.25 using Hierarchical Optimal k-Means (HOkM) clustering, and identified two groups of ICM cells: a group of cells from embryos with less than 34 cells (E3.25-LNCs), and another group of cells from embryos with more than 33 cells (E3.25-HNCs), corresponding to two developmental stages. Although we found massive underlying heterogeneity in the ICM cells at E3.25-HNC with over 3,800 genes with transcriptomics bifurcation, many of which are PE and EPI markers, we showed that the E3.25-HNCs are neither PE nor EPI. Importantly, analysing the differently expressed genes between the E3.25-LNCs and E3.25-HNCs, we uncovered a non-autonomous mechanism, based on a minimal number of four inner-cell contacts in the ICM, which activates Oct4 in the preimplantation embryo. Oct4 is highly expressed but unstable at E3.25-LNC, and stabilizes at high level at E3.25-HNC, with Bsg highly expressed, and the chromatin remodelling program initialised to establish an early naïve pluripotent state. Our results indicate that the pluripotent state we found to exist in the ICM at E3.25-HNC is the in vivo counterpart of a new, very early pluripotent state. We compared the transcriptomics profile of this in vivo E3.25-HNC pluripotent state, together with the profiles of E3.25-LNC, E3.5 EPI and E4.5 EPI cells, with the profiles of all embryonic stem cells (ESCs) available in the GEO database from the same platform (over 600 microarrays). The shortest distance between the set of inner cells (E3.25, E3.5 and E4.5) and the ESCs is between the E3.25-HNC cells and 2i + LIF ESCs; thus, the developmental transition from 33 to 34 cells decreases dramatically the distance with the naïve ground state of the 2i + LIF ESCs. We validated the E3.25 events through analysis of scRNA-seq data from early and late 32-cell ICM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Beguiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Computational Biomedicine Data Analysis Platform, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Beguiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Beguiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain.
- Computational Biomedicine Data Analysis Platform, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Beguiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Calle María Díaz Harokoa 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.
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Cevallos RR, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Gazarian K. Wnt/β-Catenin/TCF Pathway Is a Phase-Dependent Promoter of Colony Formation and Mesendodermal Differentiation During Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells 2018; 36:683-695. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming is a biphasic phenomenon that goes through a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, called initiation phase, followed by a maturation phase wherein reprogramming cells acquire pluripotency. Here, we show that these phases display a differential response to Wnt signaling activation. Wnt signaling increases colony formation by promoting cellular epithelialization during the initiation phase in a TCF7-dependent manner. However, during maturation phase, it is also responsible for inducing mesendodermal differentiation, which is negatively regulated by TCF7L1. Thus, Wnt signaling inhibition or TCF7L1 overexpression downregulates mesendodermal gene expression without perturbing pluripotency. Together, our results demonstrate that a phase-specific modulation of Wnt signaling leads to an improved reprogramming efficiency in terms of colony output and pluripotency acquisition. This work provides new insights into the cell context-dependent roles of Wnt signaling during human somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Raúl Cevallos
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Karlen Gazarian
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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21
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The Pleiotropic Effects of the Canonical Wnt Pathway in Early Development and Pluripotency. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020093. [PMID: 29443926 PMCID: PMC5852589 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology to derive embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells from early embryonic stages and adult somatic cells, respectively, emerged as a powerful resource to enable the establishment of new in vitro models, which recapitulate early developmental processes and disease. Additionally, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an invaluable source of relevant differentiated cell types with immense potential for regenerative medicine and cell replacement therapies. Pluripotent stem cells support self-renewal, potency and proliferation for extensive periods of culture in vitro. However, the core pathways that rule each of these cellular features specific to PSCs only recently began to be clarified. The Wnt signaling pathway is pivotal during early embryogenesis and is central for the induction and maintenance of the pluripotency of PSCs. Signaling by the Wnt family of ligands is conveyed intracellularly by the stabilization of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it elicits the transcriptional activity of T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family of transcription factors. Interestingly, in PSCs, the Wnt/β-catenin–TCF/LEF axis has several unrelated and sometimes opposite cellular functions such as self-renewal, stemness, lineage commitment and cell cycle regulation. In addition, tight control of the Wnt signaling pathway enhances reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotency. Several recent research efforts emphasize the pleiotropic functions of the Wnt signaling pathway in the pluripotent state. Nonetheless, conflicting results and unanswered questions still linger. In this review, we will focus on the diverse functions of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway on the developmental processes preceding embryo implantation, as well as on its roles in pluripotent stem cell biology such as self-renewal and cell cycle regulation and somatic cell reprogramming.
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22
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Li S, Lu X, He H, Cui R, Wang X, Wang X, Wu X. A novel culture system robustly maintained pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and accelerated somatic reprogramming by activating Wnt signaling. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4534-4544. [PMID: 29118915 PMCID: PMC5666062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is intrinsic to embryonic stem cell self-renewal and mammalian development. However, the effects of wnts on ES cells self-renewal and iPS cells transduction was not clearly understood. In this study, L-Wnt3a cells that secreted activated Wnt3a protein into medium were used to produce Wnt3a condition medium (Wnt3a-CM) or feeder layer for ES cells cultivation and iPS cells transduction. The results showed that L-Wnt3a cells as feeder layer significantly promoted establishment of ES cell lines and generation of iPS cells. The ES cells robustly maintained pluripotency in Wnt3a-CM on feeder free condition. Moreover, we demonstrate that activated Wnt signaling by Wnt3a-CM at the early stage of reprogramming promoted generation of iPS cells by up-regulating Tcf3 and Tcf4, improving mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), promptly reactivating endogenous pluripotent genes, and regulating epigenetic remodeling. Taken together, L-Wnt3a cells and their condition medium could be a novel culture system to robustly maintained pluripotency of ES cells and accelerated somatic reprogramming by activating Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070, China
| | - Haipeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070, China
| | - Rong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070, China
| | - Xianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070, China
| | - Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070, China
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23
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Bennis A, ten Brink JB, Moerland PD, Heine VM, Bergen AA. Comparative gene expression study and pathway analysis of the human iris- and the retinal pigment epithelium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182983. [PMID: 28827822 PMCID: PMC5565104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a neural monolayer lining the back of the eye. Degeneration of the RPE leads to severe vision loss in, so far incurable, diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and some forms of retinitis pigmentosa. A promising future replacement therapy may be autologous iris epithelial cell transdifferentiation into RPE in vitro and, subsequently, transplantation. In this study we compared the gene expression profiles of the iris epithelium (IE) and the RPE. Methods We collected both primary RPE- and IE cells from 5 freshly frozen human donor eyes, using respectively laser dissection microscopy and excision. We performed whole-genome expression profiling using 44k Agilent human microarrays. We investigated the gene expression profiles on both gene and functional network level, using R and the knowledge database Ingenuity. Results The major molecular pathways related to the RPE and IE were quite similar and yielded basic neuro-epithelial cell functions. Nonetheless, we also found major specific differences: For example, genes and molecular pathways, related to the visual cycle and retinol biosynthesis are significantly higher expressed in the RPE than in the IE. Interestingly, Wnt and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR-) signaling pathways are much higher expressed in the IE than in the RPE, suggesting, respectively, a possible pluripotent and high detoxification state of the IE. Conclusions This study provides a valuation of the similarities and differences between the expression profiles of the RPE and IE. Our data combined with that of the literature, represent a most comprehensive perspective on transcriptional variation, which may support future research in the development of therapeutic transplantation of IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bennis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B. ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perry D. Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi M. Heine
- Department of Pediatrics / Child Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Bansho Y, Lee J, Nishida E, Nakajima-Koyama M. Identification and characterization of secreted factors that are upregulated during somatic cell reprogramming. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1584-1600. [PMID: 28471520 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The process of cell reprogramming has been characterized considerably since the successful generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the importance of cell-cell communications for cellular reprogramming remains largely unknown. Secreted factors, which are expressed and secreted during reprogramming, may influence the reprogramming efficiency. Here, we have identified Sostdc1, Glb1l2, Fetub, Dpp4, Gdf3, Trh, and Tdgf1 as prominently upregulated secreted factors during reprogramming. Our detailed analysis reveals that these seven factors may be categorized into four groups based on their expression patterns in relation to the reprogramming stages. Remarkably, knockdown of Sostdc1, which is the most prominently upregulated factor and which is expressed earlier than the other six factors, results in reduced reprogramming efficiency, suggesting its involvement in the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Bansho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Joonseong Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Eisuke Nishida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - May Nakajima-Koyama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Li XY, Geng LY, Zhou XX, Wei N, Fang XS, Li Y, Wang X. Krüppel-like factor 4 contributes to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2460-2469. [PMID: 28278702 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1292354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor prognosis. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has been reported as a bi-regulator in malignancies, but little is known about its role in MCL. Here, we showed that KLF4 was downregulated in three MCL cell lines and lymph nodes from MCL patients, which resulted in a negative prognosis. We also found that the regulation of KLF4 could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of Jeko-1 cells. The lentivirally over-expressed KLF4 protein was found bind to β-catenin and could inhibit downstream molecules such as cyclinD1 and c-Myc. Furthermore, 5-azacytidine could decrease the expression of methyltransferase-1 (DNMT-1) and restore the KLF4 expression in MCL cell lines, indicating that methylation might play an important role in the downregulation of KLF4. KLF4 may be a potential therapeutic target as a tumor suppressor in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Geng
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Zhou
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Na Wei
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Fang
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
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26
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Farmakovskaya M, Khromova N, Rybko V, Dugina V, Kopnin B, Kopnin P. E-Cadherin repression increases amount of cancer stem cells in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma and stimulates tumor growth. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:1084-92. [PMID: 26940223 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1156268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we show that cancer stem cells amount in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 depends on E-cadherin expression. In fact, downregulation of E-cadherin expression enhanced expression of pluripotent genes (c-MYC, NESTIN, OCT3/4 and SOX2) and enriched cell population with the cells possessing the properties of so-called 'cancer stem cells' via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Repression of E-cadherin also stimulated cell proliferation and migration in vitro, decreased cell amount essential for xenografts formation in nude mice, increased tumors vascularization and growth. On the other hand, E-cadherin upregulation caused opposite effects i.e. diminished the number of cancer stem cells, decreased xenograft vascularization and decelerated tumor growth. Therefore, agents restoring E-cadherin expression may be useful in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Khromova
- a Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - V Rybko
- a Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - V Dugina
- b Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - B Kopnin
- a Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - P Kopnin
- a Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
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27
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Fráguas MS, Eggenschwiler R, Hoepfner J, Schiavinato JLDS, Haddad R, Oliveira LHB, Araújo AG, Zago MA, Panepucci RA, Cantz T. MicroRNA-29 impairs the early phase of reprogramming process by targeting active DNA demethylation enzymes and Wnt signaling. Stem Cell Res 2016; 19:21-30. [PMID: 28038351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming by transcription factors and other modifiers such as microRNAs has opened broad avenues for the study of developmental processes, cell fate determination, and interplay of molecular mechanisms in signaling pathways. However, many of the mechanisms that drive nuclear reprogramming itself remain yet to be elucidated. Here, we analyzed the role of miR-29 during reprogramming in more detail. Therefore, we evaluated miR-29 expression during reprogramming of fibroblasts transduced with lentiviral OKS and OKSM vectors and we show that addition of c-MYC to the reprogramming factor cocktail decreases miR-29 expression levels. Moreover, we found that transfection of pre-miR-29a strongly decreased OKS-induced formation of GFP+-colonies in MEF-cells from Oct4-eGFP reporter mouse, whereas anti-miR-29a showed the opposite effect. Furthermore, we studied components of two pathways which are important for reprogramming and which involve miR-29 targets: active DNA-demethylation and Wnt-signaling. We show that inhibition of Tet1, Tet2 and Tet3 as well as activation of Wnt-signaling leads to decreased reprogramming efficiency. Moreover, transfection of pre-miR-29 resulted in elevated expression of β-Catenin transcriptional target sFRP2 and increased TCF/LEF-promoter activity. Finally, we report that Gsk3-β is a direct target of miR-29 in MEF-cells. Together, our findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which miR-29 influences reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Serra Fráguas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC), Center for Cell Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence and Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Reto Eggenschwiler
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence and Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jeannine Hoepfner
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence and Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Josiane Lilian Dos Santos Schiavinato
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC), Center for Cell Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | | | - Lucila Habib Bourguignon Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC), Center for Cell Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Amélia Góes Araújo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC), Center for Cell Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio Zago
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC), Center for Cell Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC), Center for Cell Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence and Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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28
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Survivin Improves Reprogramming Efficiency of Human Neural Progenitors by Single Molecule OCT4. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4729535. [PMID: 27974895 PMCID: PMC5128714 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4729535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from human somatic cells by ectopic expression of four Yamanaka factors. Here, we report that Survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor, can enhance iPS cells generation from human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) together with one factor OCT4 (1F-OCT4-Survivin). Compared with 1F-OCT4, Survivin accelerates the process of reprogramming from human NPCs. The neurocyte-originated induced pluripotent stem (NiPS) cells generated from 1F-OCT4-Survivin resemble human embryonic stem (hES) cells in morphology, surface markers, global gene expression profiling, and epigenetic status. Survivin keeps high expression in both iPS and ES cells. During the process of NiPS cell to neural cell differentiation, the expression of Survivin is rapidly decreased in protein level. The mechanism of Survivin promotion of reprogramming efficiency from NPCs may be associated with stabilization of β-catenin in WNT signaling pathway. This hypothesis is supported by experiments of RT-PCR, chromatin immune-precipitation, and Western blot in human ES cells. Our results showed overexpression of Survivin could improve the efficiency of reprogramming from NPCs to iPS cells by one factor OCT4 through stabilization of the key molecule, β-catenin.
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Transient Expression of WNT2 Promotes Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Inducing β-Catenin Nuclear Accumulation. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:834-843. [PMID: 27211212 PMCID: PMC4911497 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with several Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulators can change the cellular reprogramming efficiency; however, the dynamics and role of endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling in reprogramming remain largely unanswered. Here we identify the upregulation of WNT2 and subsequent β-catenin nuclear accumulation as key events in reprogramming. Transient nuclear accumulation of β-catenin occurs early in MEF reprogramming. Wnt2 is strongly expressed in the early stage of reprogramming. Wnt2 knockdown suppresses the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and reduces the reprogramming efficiency. WNT2 overexpression promotes β-catenin nuclear accumulation and enhances the reprogramming efficiency. WNT2 contributes to the promotion of cell proliferation. Experiments with several drugs that control the Wnt pathway also indicate the importance of β-catenin nuclear accumulation in reprogramming. Our findings reveal the role of WNT2/β-catenin signaling in reprogramming. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin occurs in the early stage of MEF reprogramming Wnt2 expression is transiently increased during MEF reprogramming WNT2 promotes both the β-catenin nuclear accumulation and the reprogramming process Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is important for MEF reprogramming
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Zhang Y, Yeh LK, Zhang S, Call M, Yuan Y, Yasunaga M, Kao WWY, Liu CY. Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulates corneal epithelium stratification via inhibition of Bmp4 during mouse development. Development 2016; 142:3383-93. [PMID: 26443636 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of organs with an epithelial parenchyma relies on reciprocal mesenchymal-epithelial communication. Mouse corneal epithelium stratification is the consequence of a coordinated developmental process based on mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. The molecular mechanism underlying these interactions remains unclear. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in fundamental aspects of development through the regulation of various growth factors. Here, we show that conditional ablation of either β-catenin (Ctnnb1(cKO)) or co-receptors Lrp5/6 (Lrp5/6(cKO)) in corneal stromal cells results in precocious stratification of the corneal epithelium. By contrast, ectopic expression of a murine Ctnnb1 gain-of-function mutant (Ctnnb1(cGOF)) retards corneal epithelium stratification. We also discovered that Bmp4 is upregulated in the absence of β-catenin in keratocytes, which further triggers ERK1/2 (Mapk3/1) and Smad1/5 phosphorylation and enhances transcription factor p63 (Trp63) expression in mouse corneal basal epithelial cells and in a human corneal epithelial cell line (HTCE). Interestingly, mouse neonates given a subconjunctival BMP4 injection displayed a phenotype resembling that of Ctnnb1(cKO). Conditional ablation of Bmp4 eradicates the phenotype produced in Ctnnb1(cKO) mice. Furthermore, ChIP and promoter-luciferase assays show that β-catenin binds to and suppresses Bmp4 promoter activity. These data support the concept that cross-talk between the Wnt/β-catenin/Bmp4 axis (in the stromal mesenchyme) and Bmp4/p63 signaling (in the epithelium) plays a pivotal role in epithelial stratification during corneal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhang
- Edith J. Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Lung-Kun Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Edith J. Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA Undergraduate Programs of Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mindy Call
- Edith J. Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yong Yuan
- Edith J. Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mayu Yasunaga
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Edith J. Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chia-Yang Liu
- Edith J. Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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31
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Yang K, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Nan G, Li Y, Zhang F, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Bi Y, He TC. The evolving roles of canonical WNT signaling in stem cells and tumorigenesis: implications in targeted cancer therapies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:116-36. [PMID: 26618721 PMCID: PMC4731283 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway governs a myriad of biological processes underlying the development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, including regulation of stem cell self-renewal, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. WNTs are secreted lipid-modified glycoproteins that act as short-range ligands to activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The hallmark of the canonical pathway is the activation of β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity. Canonical WNTs control the β-catenin dynamics as the cytoplasmic level of β-catenin is tightly regulated via phosphorylation by the 'destruction complex', consisting of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), casein kinase 1α (CK1α), the scaffold protein AXIN, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Aberrant regulation of this signaling cascade is associated with varieties of human diseases, especially cancers. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of canonical WNT signaling. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of WNT signaling at the extracellular, cytoplasmic membrane, and intracellular/nuclear levels, including the emerging knowledge of cross-talk with other pathways. Recent progresses in developing novel WNT pathway-targeted therapies will also be reviewed. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a refresher of the current understanding about the physiologic and pathogenic roles of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and to outline potential therapeutic opportunities by targeting the canonical WNT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yasha Li
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
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Hao L, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yin H, Zhang X, He T, Song S, Sun S, Wang B, Li Z, Su Q. Expression and clinical significance of SALL4 and β-catenin in colorectal cancer. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:117-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Choi HY, Saha SK, Kim K, Kim S, Yang GM, Kim B, Kim JH, Cho SG. G protein-coupled receptors in stem cell maintenance and somatic reprogramming to pluripotent or cancer stem cells. BMB Rep 2015; 48:68-80. [PMID: 25413305 PMCID: PMC4352616 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.2.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large class of transmembrane receptors categorized into five distinct families: rhodopsin, secretin, adhesion, glutamate, and frizzled. They bind and regulate 80% of all hormones and account for 20-50% of the pharmaceuticals currently on the market. Hundreds of GPCRs integrate and coordinate the functions of individual cells, mediating signaling between various organs. GPCRs are crucial players in tumor progression, adipogenesis, and inflammation. Several studies have also confirmed their central roles in embryonic development and stem cell maintenance. Recently, GPCRs have emerged as key players in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, migration, and self-renewal in pluripotent (PSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our study and other reports have revealed that the expression of many GPCRs is modulated during the generation of induced PSCs (iPSCs) or CSCs as well as during CSC sphere formation. These GPCRs may have crucial roles in the regulation of selfrenewal and other biological properties of iPSCs and CSCs. This review addresses the current understanding of the role of GPCRs in stem cell maintenance and somatic reprogramming to PSCs or CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Sangsu Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - BongWoo Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jin-hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Ebrahimi B. Reprogramming barriers and enhancers: strategies to enhance the efficiency and kinetics of induced pluripotency. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 4:10. [PMID: 26566431 PMCID: PMC4642739 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-015-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells are powerful tools for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell transplantation therapies. These cells can be generated directly from somatic cells by ectopic expression of defined factors through a reprogramming process. However, pluripotent reprogramming is an inefficient process because of various defined and unidentified barriers. Recent studies dissecting the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming have methodically improved the quality, ease, and efficiency of reprogramming. Different strategies have been applied for enhancing reprogramming efficiency, including depletion/inhibition of barriers (p53, p21, p57, p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf), Mbd3, etc.), overexpression of enhancing genes (e.g., FOXH1, C/EBP alpha, UTF1, and GLIS1), and administration of certain cytokines and small molecules. The current review provides an in-depth overview of the cutting-edge findings regarding distinct barriers of reprogramming to pluripotency and strategies to enhance reprogramming efficiency. By incorporating the mechanistic insights from these recent findings, a combined method of inhibition of roadblocks and application of enhancing factors may yield the most reliable and effective approach in pluripotent reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ebrahimi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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35
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Canonical Wnt signaling pathway contributes to the proliferation and survival in porcine pancreatic stem cells (PSCs). Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:379-88. [PMID: 26085341 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) transplantation is a potential therapeutic approach to type 1 diabetes mellitus (D1M). However, before clinical use, there are some major hurdles to be faced that need to be comprehensively considered and given some potential solutions in vitro. Human PSCs are difficult to obtain and have a short replicative senescence. As an alternative, we instead established porcine PSCs; as insulin is highly conserved and physiological glucose levels are similar between human and porcine. In order to solve the problems during transplantation therapy, such as the need for an enormous amount of PSCs and good cell survival in overactive autoimmunity induced by reactive oxygen cpecies (ROS) in D1M patients, we utilized Wnt3a overexpression to activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in PSCs. We found that the expression of proliferation genes, such as c-Myc, was up-regulated as the downstream of β-catenin, which promoted the PSCs proliferation and made cell numbers to meet the transplantation needs. We also showed that activation of the Wnt pathway made cells more readily tolerate ROS-caused mitochondria injury and cell apoptosis, thus making cells survive in autoimmune patients. The present study provides a theoretical basis for cell transplantation therapy of diabetes.
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Yang J, Wang W, Ooi J, Campos LS, Lu L, Liu P. Signalling Through Retinoic Acid Receptors is Required for Reprogramming of Both Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells and Epiblast Stem Cells to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1390-404. [PMID: 25546009 PMCID: PMC4863141 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that coexpressing retinoic acid (RA) receptor gamma and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH1 or NR5A2) with OCT4, MYC, KLF4, and SOX2 (4F) rapidly reprograms mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we further explore the role of RA in reprogramming and report that the six factors (6F) efficiently and directly reprogram MEFs into integration-free iPSCs in defined medium (N2B27) in the absence of feeder cells. Through genetic and chemical approaches, we find that RA signalling is essential, in a highly dose-sensitive manner, for MEF reprogramming. The removal of exogenous RA from N2B27, the inhibition of endogenous RA synthesis or the expression of a dominant-negative form of RARA severely impedes reprogramming. By contrast, supplementing N2B27 with various retinoids substantially boosts reprogramming. In addition, when coexpressed with LRH1, RA receptors (RARs) can promote reprogramming in the absence of both exogenous and endogenously synthesized RA. Remarkably, the reprogramming of epiblast stem cells into embryonic stem cell-like cells also requires low levels of RA, which can modulate Wnt signalling through physical interactions of RARs with β-catenin. These results highlight the important functions of RA signalling in reprogramming somatic cells and primed stem cells to naïve pluripotency. Stem Cells 2015;33:1390-1404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Wei Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jolene Ooi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Lia S. Campos
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Liming Lu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Shanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Qi S, Fang Z, Wang D, Menendez P, Yao K, Ji J. Concise Review: Induced Pluripotency by Defined Factors: Prey of Oxidative Stress. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1371-6. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Qi
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang University; Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Danli Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Cell Therapy Program of School of Medicine; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA); Barcelona Spain
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang University; Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Rapid progress in the field of adult cells reprogramming back into a stem cell-like fate revealed shared mechanisms of action with tumoural reprogramming. A hallmark of stem cells - self-renewal and differentiation potential - seems to be tightly interlaced with large proliferation capacity and cellular plasticity of cancer cells. In this review, we briefly summarise the core transcription factors critical to maintenance of ES cell signature and overexpressed in many types of cancer, as well as signalling pathways involved in both induced pluripotency and oncogenesis, with particular regard to the role of tumour suppressor p53.
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Ross J, Busch J, Mintz E, Ng D, Stanley A, Brafman D, Sutton VR, Van den Veyver I, Willert K. A rare human syndrome provides genetic evidence that WNT signaling is required for reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1770-1780. [PMID: 25464842 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling promotes the reprogramming of somatic cells to an induced pluripotent state. We provide genetic evidence that WNT signaling is a requisite step during the induction of pluripotency. Fibroblasts from individuals with focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), a rare genetic syndrome caused by mutations in the essential WNT processing enzyme PORCN, fail to reprogram with standard methods. This blockade in reprogramming is overcome by ectopic WNT signaling and PORCN overexpression, thus demonstrating that WNT signaling is essential for reprogramming. The rescue of reprogramming is critically dependent on the level of WNT signaling: steady baseline activation of the WNT pathway yields karyotypically normal iPSCs, whereas daily stimulation with Wnt3a produces FDH-iPSCs with severely abnormal karyotypes. Therefore, although WNT signaling is required for cellular reprogramming, inappropriate activation of WNT signaling induces chromosomal instability, highlighting the precarious nature of ectopic WNT activation and its tight relationship with oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ross
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julia Busch
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ellen Mintz
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Damian Ng
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Brafman
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignatia Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karl Willert
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Abstract
In mammals, Wnt/β-catenin signaling features prominently in stem cells and cancers, but how and for what purposes have been matters of much debate. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its downstream transcriptional regulators in normal and malignant stem cells. We centered this review largely on three types of stem cells--embryonic stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and intestinal epithelial stem cells--in which the roles of Wnt/β-catenin have been extensively studied. Using these models, we unravel how many controversial issues surrounding Wnt signaling have been resolved by dissecting the diversity of its downstream circuitry and effectors, often leading to opposite outcomes of Wnt/β-catenin-mediated regulation and differences rooted in stage- and context-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Lien
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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High glucose-induced hyperosmolarity impacts proliferation, cytoskeleton remodeling and migration of human induced pluripotent stem cells via aquaporin-1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2266-75. [PMID: 25108283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia leads to adaptive cell responses in part due to hyperosmolarity. In endothelial and epithelial cells, hyperosmolarity induces aquaporin-1 (AQP1) which plays a role in cytoskeletal remodeling, cell proliferation and migration. Whether such impairments also occur in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) is not known. We therefore investigated whether high glucose-induced hyperosmolarity impacts proliferation, migration, expression of pluripotency markers and actin skeleton remodeling in iPS cells in an AQP1-dependent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS Human iPS cells were generated from skin fibroblasts by lentiviral transduction of four reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc). After reprogramming, iPS cells were characterized by their adaptive responses to high glucose-induced hyperosmolarity by incubation with 5.5mmol/L glucose, high glucose (HG) at 30.5mM, or with the hyperosmolar control mannitol (HM). Exposure to either HG or HM increased the expression of AQP1. AQP1 co-immunoprecipitated with β-catenin. HG and HM induced the expression of β-catenin. Under these conditions, iPS cells showed increased ratios of F-actin to G-actin and formed increased tubing networks. Inhibition of AQP1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reverted the inducing effects of HG and HM. CONCLUSIONS High glucose enhances human iPS cell proliferation and cytoskeletal remodeling due to hyperosmolarity-induced upregulation of AQP1.
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Zhao W, Ning B, Qian C. Regulatory factors of induced pluripotency: current status. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:15. [PMID: 27358861 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through enforced expression of four transcription factors [Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM)]; however, the reprogramming efficiency is extremely low. This finding raises fundamental questions about the regulators that influence the change in epigenetic stability and endowment of dedifferentiation potential during reprogramming. Identification of such regulators is critical to removing the roadblocks impeding the efficient generation of safe iPSCs and their successful translation into clinical therapies. In this review, we summarize the current progress that has been made in understanding cellular reprogramming, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulators in induced pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chen Qian
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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