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Chen JR, Zhao JT, Xie ZZ. Integrin-mediated cancer progression as a specific target in clinical therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Vasconcelos D, Chaves B, Albuquerque A, Andrade L, Henriques A, Sartori G, Savino W, Caffarena E, Martins-Da-Silva JH. Development of New Potential Inhibitors of β1 Integrins through In Silico Methods-Screening and Computational Validation. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070932. [PMID: 35888022 PMCID: PMC9325263 DOI: 10.3390/life12070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that play a critical role in many biological processes which can be therapeutically modulated using integrin blockers, such as peptidomimetic ligands. This work aimed to develop new potential β1 integrin antagonists using modeled receptors based on the aligned crystallographic structures and docked with three lead compounds (BIO1211, BIO5192, and TCS2314), widely known as α4β1 antagonists. Lead-compound complex optimization was performed by keeping intact the carboxylate moiety of the ligand, adding substituents in two other regions of the molecule to increase the affinity with the target. Additionally, pharmacokinetic predictions were performed for the ten best ligands generated, with the lowest docking interaction energy obtained for α4β1 and BIO5192. Results revealed an essential salt bridge between the BIO5192 carboxylate group and the Mg2+ MIDAS ion of the integrin. We then generated more than 200 new BIO5192 derivatives, some with a greater predicted affinity to α4β1. Furthermore, the significance of retaining the pyrrolidine core of the ligand and increasing the therapeutic potential of the new compounds is emphasized. Finally, one novel molecule (1592) was identified as a potential drug candidate, with appropriate pharmacokinetic profiles, similar dynamic behavior at the integrin interaction site compared with BIO5192, and a higher predicted affinity to VLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disraeli Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional em Biofármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceara, Eusebio 61773-270, Brazil; (D.V.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (A.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Beatriz Chaves
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional em Biofármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceara, Eusebio 61773-270, Brazil; (D.V.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (A.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Aline Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional em Biofármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceara, Eusebio 61773-270, Brazil; (D.V.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (A.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Luca Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional em Biofármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceara, Eusebio 61773-270, Brazil; (D.V.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (A.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrielly Henriques
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional em Biofármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceara, Eusebio 61773-270, Brazil; (D.V.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (A.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Geraldo Sartori
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional em Biofármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceara, Eusebio 61773-270, Brazil; (D.V.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (A.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratório de Pesquisa sobre o Timo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa em Neuroimunomodulação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Caffarena
- Grupo de Biofísica Computacional e Modelagem Molecular, Programa de Computação Científica (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-222, Brazil;
| | - João Herminio Martins-Da-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional em Biofármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceara, Eusebio 61773-270, Brazil; (D.V.); (B.C.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (A.H.); (G.S.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Lung adenocarcinoma-specific three-integrin signature contributes to poor outcomes by metastasis and immune escape pathways. J Transl Int Med 2021; 9:249-263. [PMID: 35136724 PMCID: PMC8802404 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2021-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inhibitors targeting integrins (ITGs) are applied as a novel strategy for cancers including lung cancer; however, the heterogeneity of ITG subunits might explain why ITG-targeted inhibitors only show limited efficacy for a small group of lung cancer patients. Materials and methods: RNA-Seq data of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients were obtained from the TCGA database. Cox regression analysis was performed to construct the prognostic signature and generate the nomogram combined with pathologic stages (pStage). GEO datasets were used for verification. The related biological functions were analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software and the TIMER database. Results: By Cox regression analysis of 30 ITG subunits, ITG subunit alpha 5 (ITGA5), ITG subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6), and ITG subunit alpha L (ITGAL) were identified as the prognostic factors in LUAD, which were included in the construction of a LUAD-specific 3-ITG signature. Following the calculation of risk score (RS) of each patient based on 3-ITG signature, patients with high RS in LUAD were found to exhibit worse prognosis, especially in early stage. Nomogram combined with RS and pStage could predict the prognosis of LUAD patients accurately. Mechanism exploration by GSEA showed that metastasis-related microenvironmental pathways were significantly enriched in the high-RS group. An elevated expression of ITGA5 was mainly associated with the promotion of cell migration and invasion, while the high expression of ITGAL had a strong positive correlation with the capability of recognizing and killing cancer cells. Conclusions: Three-ITG signature could improve the prediction ability combined with pStage in LUAD and might contribute to poor prognosis by metastasis and immune escape-related pathways.
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Zhang J, Wang T, Saigal A, Johnson J, Morrisson J, Tabrizifard S, Hollingsworth SA, Eddins MJ, Mao W, O'Neill K, Garcia-Calvo M, Carballo-Jane E, Liu D, Ham T, Zhou Q, Dong W, Meng HW, Hicks J, Cai TQ, Akiyama T, Pinto S, Cheng AC, Greshock T, Marquis JC, Ren Z, Talukdar S, Shaheen HH, Handa M. Discovery of a new class of integrin antibodies for fibrosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2118. [PMID: 33483531 PMCID: PMC7822819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis, or the scarring of the lung, is a devastating disease with huge unmet medical need. There are limited treatment options and its prognosis is worse than most types of cancer. We previously discovered that MK-0429 is an equipotent pan-inhibitor of αv integrins that reduces proteinuria and kidney fibrosis in a preclinical model. In the present study, we further demonstrated that MK-0429 significantly inhibits fibrosis progression in a bleomycin-induced lung injury model. In search of newer integrin inhibitors for fibrosis, we characterized monoclonal antibodies discovered using Adimab's yeast display platform. We identified several potent neutralizing integrin antibodies with unique human and mouse cross-reactivity. Among these, Ab-31 blocked the binding of multiple αv integrins to their ligands with IC50s comparable to those of MK-0429. Furthermore, both MK-0429 and Ab-31 suppressed integrin-mediated cell adhesion and latent TGFβ activation. In IPF patient lung fibroblasts, TGFβ treatment induced profound αSMA expression in phenotypic imaging assays and Ab-31 demonstrated potent in vitro activity at inhibiting αSMA expression, suggesting that the integrin antibody is able to modulate TGFβ action though mechanisms beyond the inhibition of latent TGFβ activation. Together, our results highlight the potential to develop newer integrin therapeutics for the treatment of fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
| | - Tao Wang
- Discovery Biologics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Ashmita Saigal
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Josephine Johnson
- Quantitative Biosciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Jennifer Morrisson
- Discovery Biologics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Sahba Tabrizifard
- Discovery Biologics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Scott A Hollingsworth
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Michael J Eddins
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Wenxian Mao
- Quantitative Biosciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Kim O'Neill
- In Vitro Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Margarita Garcia-Calvo
- In Vitro Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Ester Carballo-Jane
- Quantitative Biosciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - DingGang Liu
- SALAR, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Taewon Ham
- SALAR, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Qiong Zhou
- SALAR, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Weifeng Dong
- SALAR, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Hsien-Wei Meng
- Discovery Biologics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Jacqueline Hicks
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Tian-Quan Cai
- In Vivo Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Taro Akiyama
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Shirly Pinto
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Alan C Cheng
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Thomas Greshock
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - John C Marquis
- Discovery Biologics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Zhao Ren
- Quantitative Biosciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Hussam Hisham Shaheen
- Discovery Biologics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Masahisa Handa
- Discovery Biologics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
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Review: Inhibitory potential of low molecular weight Heparin in cell adhesion; emphasis on tumor metastasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173778. [PMID: 33271153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin is a Heparin derivative, produced from commercial-grade Heparin through Chemical or enzymatic depolymerization. LMWH has remained a favored regimen for anticoagulation in cancer patients. Evidence from several studies has suggested that LMWHs possess antitumor and antimetastatic activity aside from their anticoagulant activity. Cancer metastasis is the foremost reason for cancer-related motility rate. Studies have pointed out that adhesion molecules play a decisive role in enhancing recurrent, invasive, and distant metastasis. Therefore, it is hypothesized that Cell adhesion molecules can be determined as a potential therapeutic target group, as antibodies or small-molecule inhibitors could easily access their extracellular domains. Furthermore, data from several investigations have reported LWMH potential effects as antimetastatic agents through influencing cell adhesion molecules. This review's objective is to emphasize the evidence available for the effects of the LMWHs in cell adhesion to inhibit tumor metastasis.
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6
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Zheng Y, Leftheris K. Insights into Protein–Ligand Interactions in Integrin Complexes: Advances in Structure Determinations. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5675-5696. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katerina Leftheris
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Janiszewska M, Primi MC, Izard T. Cell adhesion in cancer: Beyond the migration of single cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2495-2505. [PMID: 31937589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in healthy tissues strongly relies on cell-to-cell adhesion and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. For instance, normal epithelial cells maintain tissue structure by adhering to each other and to the extracellular matrix. The proteins that mediate these distinct interactions are collectively called cell adhesion molecules and are divided into four major groups: cadherins, integrins, selectins, and immunoglobulins. They not only physically anchor cells, but also critically integrate signaling between the extracellular microenvironment and cells. These signals include biochemical cues, as adhesion proteins can both act as ligand-activated receptors and activate mechanotransduction triggered by changes in the physical environment. Molecular mechanisms related to cell adhesion signaling have been extensively studied, especially because mutations and changes in expression of these proteins, particularly cadherins and integrins, are frequently associated with diseases ranging from developmental intellectual disability to cancer. In fact, two major hallmarks of cancer, loss of cell-to-cell adhesion and anchorage-independent growth, are both dependent on cell adhesion molecules. Despite many studies elucidating the relationships between malignant transformation and metastasis and cellular adhesion processes, several areas still await exploration. Here, we highlight recently discovered roles of adhesion molecules in collective cancer cell migration and discuss the utility of three-dimensional models in studying cell-cell adhesion. We also describe recent therapeutic approaches targeting adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Janiszewska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458.
| | - Marina Candido Primi
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Tina Izard
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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8
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Haeger A, Alexander S, Vullings M, Kaiser FM, Veelken C, Flucke U, Koehl GE, Hirschberg M, Flentje M, Hoffman RM, Geissler EK, Kissler S, Friedl P. Collective cancer invasion forms an integrin-dependent radioresistant niche. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20181184. [PMID: 31658985 PMCID: PMC7037234 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer fatalities result from metastatic dissemination and therapy resistance, both processes that depend on signals from the tumor microenvironment. To identify how invasion and resistance programs cooperate, we used intravital microscopy of orthotopic sarcoma and melanoma xenografts. We demonstrate that these tumors invade collectively and that, specifically, cells within the invasion zone acquire increased resistance to radiotherapy, rapidly normalize DNA damage, and preferentially survive. Using a candidate-based approach to identify effectors of invasion-associated resistance, we targeted β1 and αVβ3/β5 integrins, essential extracellular matrix receptors in mesenchymal tumors, which mediate cancer progression and resistance. Combining radiotherapy with β1 or αV integrin monotargeting in invading tumors led to relapse and metastasis in 40-60% of the cohort, in line with recently failed clinical trials individually targeting integrins. However, when combined, anti-β1/αV integrin dual targeting achieved relapse-free radiosensitization and prevented metastatic escape. Collectively, invading cancer cells thus withstand radiotherapy and DNA damage by β1/αVβ3/β5 integrin cross-talk, but efficient radiosensitization can be achieved by multiple integrin targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Alexander
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Manon Vullings
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fabian M.P. Kaiser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Uta Flucke
- Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun E. Koehl
- Department of Surgery, Section of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hirschberg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - Edward K. Geissler
- Department of Surgery, Section of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Alfieri R, Vassalli M, Viti F. Flow-induced mechanotransduction in skeletal cells. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:729-743. [PMID: 31529361 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body is subject to many and variegated mechanical stimuli, actuated in different ranges of force, frequency, and duration. The process through which cells "feel" forces and convert them into biochemical cascades is called mechanotransduction. In this review, the effects of fluid shear stress on bone cells will be presented. After an introduction to present the major players in bone system, we describe the mechanoreceptors in bone tissue that can feel and process fluid flow. In the second part of the review, we present an overview of the biological processes and biochemical cascades initiated by fluid shear stress in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Alfieri
- Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - National Research Council (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso, 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics - National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Viti
- Institute of Biophysics - National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
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Khegay II. Noncanonical effects of vasopressin in angiogenesis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular action of vasopressin depends on the localization of hormonal receptors. The basic physiological effects of vasopressin are manifested in the blood vasculature, renal inner medulla and brain. To date, new information concerning the tissue-specific spreading of vasopressin receptors has been accumulated, and it needs to be summarized. Platelets and endotheliocytes expressing V1a and V2 receptor types, respectively, are related to less investigated targets of the hormone. Vasopressin induces the initial reversible stage of platelet activation, required for interaction with intercellular matrix proteins. Platelet adhesion on endothelium activates cellular secretion of growth factors and enzymes for intercellular matrix glucosamine metabolism. Platelet hyaluronidase HYAL2 hydrolyses high-molecular hyaluronic acid to shorter fragments. Unlike intact hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of several megadaltons, generally showing distinctive antiangiogenic properties, intermediate fractions of hyaluronan hydrolysis in a range from 2.5 to 200 kilodaltons have a stimulating effect on angiogenesis. Intercellular contacts between platelets and endotheliocytes are stabilized due to adhesive transmembrane glycoprotein PECAM-1 interaction. Resulting PECAM-1 heterodimers acquire conformation with high affinity to integrins αvβ3. Integrin activation forms contact links between endothelium and fibrillar proteins. Activated endotheliocytes secrete von Willebrand factor and P-selectin. These proteins are accumulated in Weibel–Palade bodies. Vasopressin stimulates cAMP-dependent ACAP-regulated exocytosis of Weibel–Palade bodies. von Willebrand factor possesses adhesive properties and additionally accelerates interaction of cells with the intercellular matrix. Adhesion on fibrillar collagen and membrane glycoproteins in cooperation with effects of PECAM-1–αvβ3 integrin complexes fixes cell aggregates in the surrounding interstitium and promotes proliferating endotheliocyte migration in according to the direction of local growth factor gradients during angiogenesis. Neurohormonal regulation of platelet and endotheliocyte secretory activity functionally link proliferation and migration of endotheliocytes during angiogenesis and integrate it according to the adaptive capacity of the entire organism.
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Ongrádi J, Chatlynne LG, Tarcsai KR, Stercz B, Lakatos B, Pring-Åkerblom P, Gooss D, Nagy K, Ablashi DV. Adenovirus Isolated From a Cat Is Related to Human Adenovirus 1. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1430. [PMID: 31293556 PMCID: PMC6603132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An adenovirus (AdV) has been isolated from the rectal swab of a domestic cat (Felis catus) and named feline adenovirus (FeAdV) isolate. It replicates and causes cytopathological effects in many human, feline, other mammalian cell lines that have both Coxsackie-adenovirus-receptor and integrins. Its antigens cross-react with anti-human adenovirus antibodies in immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry assays. Electron microscopy revealed typical extracellular icosahedral particles and pseudo arrays inside cells. Sequence analysis of hexon and fiber genes indicates that this virus might belong to human adenovirus (HAdV) C species and might be a variant of type 1. In the fiber protein, three altered amino acids occur in the shaft; four altered residues are found in the knob region as compared to a European HAdV might be type 1 isolate (strain 1038, D11). One alteration affects amino acid 442 forming an RGS motif in an alanine rich region that might be an alternative way to bind integrins with subsequent internalization. Substitutions in the hexon sequence are silent. As compared to published HAdV sequences, the fiber is related to the original American prototype and recently described Taiwanese HAdV 1 isolates, but the hexon sequences are related to adenovirus isolates from France, Germany, Japan, and Taiwan. Serology carried out on FeAdV infected M426 cells indicates a prevalence of IgG in 80% of domestic cats in Delaware, United States. FeAdV isolate seems to be a recently recognized virus with possible pathogenic effects and, simultaneous human and feline infections are possible. Further molecular and biological characterization of this feline adenovirus isolate, as well as studies on both human and feline epidemiology and pathomechanisms, especially in endangered big cats, are warranted. FeAdV might have further practical advantages. Namely, it could be utilized in both human and feline AIDS research, developed into diagnostic tools, and gene therapy vectors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ongrádi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Institute of Dermato-Venereology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Balázs Stercz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Donald Gooss
- Selbyville Animal Hospital, Selbyville, DE, United States
| | - Károly Nagy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Institute of Dermato-Venereology, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Gocheva G, Ivanova A. A Look at Receptor–Ligand Pairs for Active-Targeting Drug Delivery from Crystallographic and Molecular Dynamics Perspectives. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3293-3321. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Gocheva
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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13
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Borst AJ, James ZM, Zagotta WN, Ginsberg M, Rey FA, DiMaio F, Backovic M, Veesler D. The Therapeutic Antibody LM609 Selectively Inhibits Ligand Binding to Human α Vβ 3 Integrin via Steric Hindrance. Structure 2017; 25:1732-1739.e5. [PMID: 29033288 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The LM609 antibody specifically recognizes αVβ3 integrin and inhibits angiogenesis, bone resorption, and viral infections in an arginine-glycine-aspartate-independent manner. LM609 entered phase II clinical trials for the treatment of several cancers and was also used for αVβ3-targeted radioimmunotherapy. To elucidate the mechanisms of recognition and inhibition of αVβ3 integrin, we solved the structure of the LM609 antigen-binding fragment by X-ray crystallography and determined its binding affinity for αVβ3. Using single-particle electron microscopy, we show that LM609 binds at the interface between the β-propeller domain of the αV chain and the βI domain of the β3 chain, near the RGD-binding site, of all observed integrin conformational states. Integrating these data with fluorescence size-exclusion chromatography, we demonstrate that LM609 sterically hinders access of large ligands to the RGD-binding pocket, without obstructing it. This work provides a structural framework to expedite future efforts utilizing LM609 as a diagnostic or therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Borst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zachary M James
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William N Zagotta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark Ginsberg
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0726, USA
| | - Felix A Rey
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3569 Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marija Backovic
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3569 Virologie, Paris, France.
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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14
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Raab-Westphal S, Marshall JF, Goodman SL. Integrins as Therapeutic Targets: Successes and Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E110. [PMID: 28832494 PMCID: PMC5615325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that are central to the biology of many human pathologies. Classically mediating cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interaction, and with an emerging role as local activators of TGFβ, they influence cancer, fibrosis, thrombosis and inflammation. Their ligand binding and some regulatory sites are extracellular and sensitive to pharmacological intervention, as proven by the clinical success of seven drugs targeting them. The six drugs on the market in 2016 generated revenues of some US$3.5 billion, mainly from inhibitors of α4-series integrins. In this review we examine the current developments in integrin therapeutics, especially in cancer, and comment on the health economic implications of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Raab-Westphal
- Translational In Vivo Pharmacology, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - John F Marshall
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Simon L Goodman
- Translational and Biomarkers Research, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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15
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Shams H, Soheilypour M, Peyro M, Moussavi-Baygi R, Mofrad MRK. Looking "Under the Hood" of Cellular Mechanotransduction with Computational Tools: A Systems Biomechanics Approach across Multiple Scales. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2712-2726. [PMID: 33418698 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal modulation has been developed in living cells throughout evolution to promote utilizing the same machinery for multiple cellular functions. Chemical and mechanical modules of signal transmission and transduction are interconnected and necessary for organ development and growth. However, due to the high complexity of the intercommunication of physical intracellular connections with biochemical pathways, there are many missing details in our overall understanding of mechanotransduction processes, i.e., the process by which mechanical signals are converted to biochemical cascades. Cell-matrix adhesions are mechanically coupled to the nucleus through the cytoskeleton. This modulated and tightly integrated network mediates the transmission of mechanochemical signals from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus. Various experimental and computational techniques have been utilized to understand the basic mechanisms of mechanotransduction, yet many aspects have remained elusive. Recently, in silico experiments have made important contributions to the field of mechanobiology. Herein, computational modeling efforts devoted to understanding integrin-mediated mechanotransduction pathways are reviewed, and an outlook is presented for future directions toward using suitable computational approaches and developing novel techniques for addressing important questions in the field of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohammad Soheilypour
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohaddeseh Peyro
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Ruhollah Moussavi-Baygi
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
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16
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Wang L, Pan D, Yan Q, Song Y. Activation mechanisms of αVβ3 integrin by binding to fibronectin: A computational study. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1124-1137. [PMID: 28340512 PMCID: PMC5441423 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Integrin αVβ3 plays an important role in regulating cellular activities and in human diseases. Although the structure of αVβ3 has been studied by crystallography and electron microscopy, the detailed activation mechanism of integrin αVβ3 induced by fibronectin remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the conformational and dynamical motion changes of Mn2+ -bound integrin αVβ3 by binding to fibronectin with molecular dynamics simulations. Results showed that fibronectin binding to integrin αVβ3 caused the changes of the conformational flexibility of αVβ3 domains, the essential mode of motion for the domains of αV subunit and β3 subunit and the degrees of correlated motion of residues between the domains of αV subunit and β3 subunit of integrin αVβ3. The angle of Propeller domain with respect to the Calf-2 domain of αV subunit and the angle of Hybrid domain with respect to βA domain of β3 subunit significantly increased when integrin αVβ3 was bound to fibronectin. These changes could result in the conformational change tendency of αVβ3 from a bend conformation to an extended conformation and lead to the open swing of Hybrid domain relative to βA domain of β3 subunit, which have demonstrated their importance for αVβ3 activation. Fibronectin binding to integrin αVβ3 significantly decreased the relative position of α1 helix to βA domain and that to metal ion-dependent adhesion site, stabilized Mn2+ ions binding in integrin αVβ3 and changed fibronectin conformation, which are important for αVβ3 activation. Results from this study provide important molecular insight into the "outside-in" activation mechanism of integrin αVβ3 by binding to fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama35294
| | - Di Pan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama35294
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama35294
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama35294
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17
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Gutierrez DA, Aranda AS, Carrillo DAR, Koshlaychuk MA, Sanchez EE, Lucena SE, Soto JG. Functional analysis of four single (RGDWL, RGDWM, RGDWP, RGDMN) and two double (RGDNM, RGDMP) mutants: The importance of methionine (M) in the functional potency of recombinant mojastin (r-Moj). Toxicon 2016; 124:1-7. [PMID: 27816535 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated in previous studies that a single amino acid change can alter the activity of the recombinant disintegrin r-Moj. In this study, four r-Moj recombinants containing single mutations (r-Moj-WL, r-Moj-WM, r-Moj-WP, r-Moj-MN) and two containing double mutations (r-Moj-MP and r-Moj-NM) at the binding loop were produced, purified, and tested. All r-Moj-W_, r-Moj-M_, and r-Moj-NM mutant peptides inhibited platelet aggregation at higher potency than r-Moj-D_ mutants. Five of the seven r-Moj peptides inhibited angiogenesis at different levels. Two of the mutant peptides with a methionine at the second position carboxyl of the RGD (r-Moj-WM and r-Moj-NM) were the strongest angiogenesis inhibitors, with r-Moj-WM being the most potent. Recombinant r-Moj-MP and r-Moj-WN failed to inhibit angiogenesis. Only the r-Moj-MP mutant peptide induced apoptosis of SK-Mel-28 cells significantly (p = 0.001). This was confirmed by chromatin condensation. Proliferation of SK-Mel-28 cells was inhibited at high levels (>70%) by all r-Moj mutant peptides. Recombinant r-Moj-MN and r-Moj-WN failed to inhibit cell migration significantly (p > 0.5). Recombinant r-Moj-NM was the strongest cell migration inhibitor (98% ± 0.69), followed by r-Moj-MP (80% ± 2.87), and r-Moj-WM (61.8% ± 5.45). The lowest inhibitor was r-Moj-WL (50% ± 12.16). Our functional data suggest that the most potent r-Moj disintegrins contain a methionine in the first or the second position carboxyl to the RGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Gutierrez
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Ana S Aranda
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - David A R Carrillo
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Melissa A Koshlaychuk
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Elda E Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | - Sara E Lucena
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | - Julio G Soto
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States.
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18
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Mould AP, Askari JA, Byron A, Takada Y, Jowitt TA, Humphries MJ. Ligand-induced Epitope Masking: DISSOCIATION OF INTEGRIN α5β1-FIBRONECTIN COMPLEXES ONLY BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH AN ALLOSTERIC MODE OF ACTION. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20993-21007. [PMID: 27484800 PMCID: PMC5076510 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing ligand-mimetic inhibitors of integrins are unable to dissociate pre-formed integrin-fibronectin complexes (IFCs). These observations suggested that amino acid residues involved in integrin-fibronectin binding become obscured in the ligand-occupied state. Because the epitopes of some function-blocking anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lie near the ligand-binding pocket, it follows that the epitopes of these mAbs may become shielded in the ligand-occupied state. Here, we tested whether function-blocking mAbs directed against α5β1 can interact with the integrin after it forms a complex with an RGD-containing fragment of fibronectin. We showed that the anti-α5 subunit mAbs JBS5, SNAKA52, 16, and P1D6 failed to disrupt IFCs and hence appeared unable to bind to the ligand-occupied state. In contrast, the allosteric anti-β1 subunit mAbs 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 could dissociate IFCs and therefore were able to interact with the ligand-bound state. However, another class of function-blocking anti-β1 mAbs, exemplified by Lia1/2, could not disrupt IFCs. This second class of mAbs was also distinguished from 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 by their ability to induce homotypic cell aggregation. Although the epitope of Lia1/2 was closely overlapping with those of 13, 4B4, and AIIB2, it appeared to lie closer to the ligand-binding pocket. A new model of the α5β1-fibronectin complex supports our hypothesis that the epitopes of mAbs that fail to bind to the ligand-occupied state lie within, or very close to, the integrin-fibronectin interface. Importantly, our findings imply that the efficacy of some therapeutic anti-integrin mAbs could be limited by epitope masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paul Mould
- From the Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility and
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Byron
- the Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, Scotland, United Kingdom, and
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- the Department of Vascular Biology, VB-1, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom,
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19
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Lange JR, Goldmann WH, Alonso JL. Influence of αvβ3 integrin on the mechanical properties and the morphology of M21 and K562 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1280-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Jensen MR, Bajic G, Zhang X, Laustsen AK, Koldsø H, Skeby KK, Schiøtt B, Andersen GR, Vorup-Jensen T. Structural Basis for Simvastatin Competitive Antagonism of Complement Receptor 3. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16963-76. [PMID: 27339893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of the innate immune response to infection but may also cause severe complications during inflammation. Small molecule antagonists to complement receptor 3 (CR3) have been widely sought, but a structural basis for their mode of action is not available. We report here on the structure of the human CR3 ligand-binding I domain in complex with simvastatin. Simvastatin targets the metal ion-dependent adhesion site of the open, ligand-binding conformation of the CR3 I domain by direct contact with the chelated Mg(2+) ion. Simvastatin antagonizes I domain binding to the complement fragments iC3b and C3d but not to intercellular adhesion molecule-1. By virtue of the I domain's wide distribution in binding kinetics to ligands, it was possible to identify ligand binding kinetics as discriminator for simvastatin antagonism. In static cellular experiments, 15-25 μm simvastatin reduced adhesion by K562 cells expressing recombinant CR3 and by primary human monocytes, with an endogenous expression of this receptor. Application of force to adhering monocytes potentiated the effects of simvastatin where only a 50-100 nm concentration of the drug reduced the adhesion by 20-40% compared with untreated cells. The ability of simvastatin to target CR3 in its ligand binding-activated conformation is a novel mechanism to explain the known anti-inflammatory effects of this compound, in particular because this CR3 conformation is found in pro-inflammatory environments. Our report points to new designs of CR3 antagonists and opens new perspectives and identifies druggable receptors from characterization of the ligand binding kinetics in the presence of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goran Bajic
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, and the Lundbeck Foundation Nanomedicine Center for Individualized Management of Tissue Damage and Regeneration (LUNA), and
| | | | | | - Heidi Koldsø
- Chemistry, the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), the Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN)
| | - Katrine Kirkeby Skeby
- Chemistry, the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), the Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN)
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Chemistry, the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), the Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN)
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, and the Lundbeck Foundation Nanomedicine Center for Individualized Management of Tissue Damage and Regeneration (LUNA), and
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- From the Departments of Biomedicine, the Lundbeck Foundation Nanomedicine Center for Individualized Management of Tissue Damage and Regeneration (LUNA), and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), the MEMBRANES Research Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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21
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Fibroblast surface-associated FGF-2 promotes contact-dependent colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion through FGFR-SRC signaling and integrin αvβ5-mediated adhesion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14300-17. [PMID: 25973543 PMCID: PMC4546468 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts were reported to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion by secreting motility factors and extracellular matrix processing enzymes. Less is known whether fibroblasts may induce CRC cancer cell motility by contact-dependent mechanisms. To address this question we characterized the interaction between fibroblasts and SW620 and HT29 colorectal cancer cells in 2D and 3D co-culture models in vitro. Here we show that fibroblasts induce contact-dependent cancer cell elongation, motility and invasiveness independently of deposited matrix or secreted factors. These effects depend on fibroblast cell surface-associated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) -2. Inhibition of FGF-2 or FGF receptors (FGFRs) signaling abolishes these effects. FGFRs activate SRC in cancer cells and inhibition or silencing of SRC in cancer cells, but not in fibroblasts, prevents fibroblasts-mediated effects. Using an RGD-based integrin antagonist and function-blocking antibodies we demonstrate that cancer cell adhesion to fibroblasts requires integrin αvβ5. Taken together, these results demonstrate that fibroblasts induce cell-contact-dependent colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion under 2D and 3D conditions in vitro through fibroblast cell surface-associated FGF-2, FGF receptor-mediated SRC activation and αvβ5 integrin-dependent cancer cell adhesion to fibroblasts. The FGF-2-FGFRs-SRC-αvβ5 integrin loop might be explored as candidate therapeutic target to block colorectal cancer invasion.
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22
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Holle AW, Young JL, Spatz JP. In vitro cancer cell-ECM interactions inform in vivo cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:270-9. [PMID: 26485156 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The general progression of cancer drug development involves in vitro testing followed by safety and efficacy evaluation in clinical trials. Due to the expense of bringing candidate drugs to trials, in vitro models of cancer cells and tumor biology are required to screen drugs. There are many examples of drugs exhibiting cytotoxic behavior in cancer cells in vitro but losing efficacy in vivo, and in many cases, this is the result of poorly understood chemoresistant effects conferred by the cancer microenvironment. To address this, improved methods for culturing cancer cells in biomimetic scaffolds have been developed; along the way, a great deal about the nature of cancer cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions has been discovered. These discoveries will continue to be leveraged both in the development of novel drugs targeting these interactions and in the fabrication of biomimetic substrates for efficient cancer drug screening in vitro.
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23
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Epitopes in α8β1 and other RGD-binding integrins delineate classes of integrin-blocking antibodies and major binding loops in α subunits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13756. [PMID: 26349930 PMCID: PMC4563375 DOI: 10.1038/srep13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of epitopes for integrin-blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has aided our understanding of structure-function relationship of integrins. We mapped epitopes of chicken anti-integrin-α8-subunit-blocking mAbs by mutational analyses, examining regions that harboured all mapped epitopes recognized by mAbs against other α-subunits in the RGD-binding-integrin subfamily. Six mAbs exhibited blocking function, and these mAbs recognized residues on the same W2:41-loop on the top-face of the β-propeller. Loop-tips sufficiently close to W2:41 (<25 Å) contained within a footprint of the mAbs were mutated, and the loop W3:34 on the bottom face was identified as an additional component of the epitope of one antibody, clone YZ5. Binding sequences on the two loops were conserved in virtually all mammals, and that on W3:34 was also conserved in chickens. These indicate 1) YZ5 binds both top and bottom loops, and the binding to W3:34 is by interactions to conserved residues between immunogen and host species, 2) five other blocking mAbs solely bind to W2:41 and 3) the α8 mAbs would cross-react with most mammals. Comparing with the mAbs against the other α-subunits of RGD-integrins, two classes were delineated; those binding to "W3:34 and an top-loop", and "solely W2:41", accounting for 82% of published RGD-integrin-mAbs.
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24
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Disruption of integrin-fibronectin complexes by allosteric but not ligand-mimetic inhibitors. Biochem J 2015; 464:301-13. [PMID: 25333419 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Failure of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-based inhibitors to reverse integrin-ligand binding has been reported, but the prevalence of this phenomenon among integrin heterodimers is currently unknown. In the present study we have investigated the interaction of four different RGD-binding integrins (α5β1, αVβ1, αVβ3 and αVβ6) with fibronectin (FN) using surface plasmon resonance. The ability of inhibitors to reverse ligand binding was assessed by their capacity to increase the dissociation rate of pre-formed integrin-FN complexes. For all four receptors we showed that RGD-based inhibitors (such as cilengitide) were completely unable to increase the dissociation rate. Formation of the non-reversible state occurred very rapidly and did not rely on the time-dependent formation of a high-affinity state of the integrin, or the integrin leg regions. In contrast with RGD-based inhibitors, Ca2+ (but not Mg2+) was able to greatly increase the dissociation rate of integrin-FN complexes, with a half-maximal response at ~0.4 mM Ca2+ for αVβ3-FN. The effect of Ca2+ was overcome by co-addition of Mn2+, but not Mg2+. A stimulatory anti-β1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) abrogated the effect of Ca2+ on α5β1-FN complexes; conversely, a function-blocking mAb mimicked the effect of Ca2+. These results imply that Ca2+ acts allosterically, probably through binding to the adjacent metal-ion-dependent adhesion site (ADMIDAS), and that the α1 helix in the β subunit I domain is the key element affected by allosteric modulators. The data suggest an explanation for the limited clinical efficacy of RGD-based integrin antagonists, and we propose that allosteric antagonists could prove to be of greater therapeutic benefit.
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25
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Abstract
Antibody drugs have become an increasingly significant component of the therapeutic landscape. Their success has been driven by some of their unique properties, in particular their very high specificity and selectivity, in contrast to the off-target liabilities of small molecules (SMs). Antibodies can bring additional functionality to the table with their ability to interact with the immune system, and this can be further manipulated with advances in antibody engineering. This review summarizes what antibody therapeutics have achieved to date and what opportunities and challenges lie ahead. The target landscape for large molecules (LMs) versus SMs and some of the challenges for antibody drug development are discussed. Effective penetration of membrane barriers and intracellular targeting is one challenge, particularly across the highly resistant blood-brain barrier. The expanding pipeline of antibody-drug conjugates offers the potential to combine SM and LM modalities in a variety of creative ways, and antibodies also offer exciting potential to build bi- and multispecific molecules. The ability to pursue more challenging targets can also be further exploited but highlights the need for earlier screening in functional cell-based assays. I discuss how this might be addressed given the practical constraints imposed by high-throughput screening sample type and process differences in antibody primary screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Smith
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Rossant CJ, Matthews C, Neal F, Colley C, Gardener MJ, Vaughan T. Versatility of Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assays for Biologics Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:508-18. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057114557464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of potential lead antibodies in the drug discovery process requires the use of assays that not only measure binding of the antibody to the target molecule but assess a wide range of other characteristics. These include affinity ranking, measurement of their ability to inhibit relevant protein-protein interactions, assessment of their selectivity for the target protein, and determination of their species cross-reactivity profiles to support in vivo studies. Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer is a technology that offers the flexibility for development of such assays, through the availability of donor and acceptor fluorophore-conjugated reagents for detection of multiple tags or fusion proteins. The time-resolved component of the technology reduces potential assay interference, allowing screening of a range of different crude sample types derived from the bacterial or mammalian cell expression systems often used for antibody discovery projects. Here we describe the successful application of this technology across multiple projects targeting soluble proteins and demonstrate how it has provided key information for the isolation of potential therapeutic antibodies with the desired activity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J. Rossant
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
- Crescendo Biologics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carl Matthews
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frances Neal
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Colley
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tristan Vaughan
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Rui X, Mehrbod M, Van Agthoven JF, Anand S, Xiong JP, Mofrad MRK, Arnaout MA. The α-subunit regulates stability of the metal ion at the ligand-associated metal ion-binding site in β3 integrins. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23256-23263. [PMID: 24975416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.581470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aspartate in the prototypical integrin-binding motif Arg-Gly-Asp binds the integrin βA domain of the β-subunit through a divalent cation at the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). An auxiliary metal ion at a ligand-associated metal ion-binding site (LIMBS) stabilizes the metal ion at MIDAS. LIMBS contacts distinct residues in the α-subunits of the two β3 integrins αIIbβ3 and αVβ3, but a potential role of this interaction on stability of the metal ion at LIMBS in β3 integrins has not been explored. Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of fully hydrated β3 integrin ectodomains revealed strikingly different conformations of LIMBS in unliganded αIIbβ3 versus αVβ3, the result of stronger interactions of LIMBS with αV, which reduce stability of the LIMBS metal ion in αVβ3. Replacing the αIIb-LIMBS interface residue Phe(191) in αIIb (equivalent to Trp(179) in αV) with Trp strengthened this interface and destabilized the metal ion at LIMBS in αIIbβ3; a Trp(179) to Phe mutation in αV produced the opposite but weaker effect. Consistently, an F191/W substitution in cellular αIIbβ3 and a W179/F substitution in αVβ3 reduced and increased, respectively, the apparent affinity of Mn(2+) to the integrin. These findings offer an explanation for the variable occupancy of the metal ion at LIMBS in αVβ3 structures in the absence of ligand and provide new insights into the mechanisms of integrin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Rui
- Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Mehrdad Mehrbod
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Johannes F Van Agthoven
- Structural Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 and
| | - Saurabh Anand
- Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Jian-Ping Xiong
- Structural Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 and
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.
| | - M Amin Arnaout
- Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129; Structural Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 and.
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