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Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Hu X, You Q, Jiang Z. Targeting kelch-like (KLHL) proteins: achievements, challenges and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116270. [PMID: 38490062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Kelch-like proteins (KLHLs) are a large family of BTB-containing proteins. KLHLs function as the substrate adaptor of Cullin 3-RING ligases (CRL3) to recognize substrates. KLHLs play pivotal roles in regulating various physiological and pathological processes by modulating the ubiquitination of their respective substrates. Mounting evidence indicates that mutations or abnormal expression of KLHLs are associated with various human diseases. Targeting KLHLs is a viable strategy for deciphering the KLHLs-related pathways and devising therapies for associated diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the known KLHLs inhibitors to date and the brilliant ideas underlying their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguo Zhou
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziquan Zhao
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiuqi Hu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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2
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Veena MS, Gahng JJ, Alani M, Ko AY, Basak SK, Liu IY, Hwang KJ, Chatoff JR, Venkatesan N, Morselli M, Yan W, Ali I, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Gowda BS, Frost P, Pellegrini M, Moatamed NA, Wilczynski SP, Bomont P, Wang MB, Shin DS, Srivatsan ES. Gigaxonin Suppresses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Cancer Through Downregulation of Snail. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:706-722. [PMID: 38421310 PMCID: PMC10921914 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Gigaxonin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a role in cytoskeletal stability. Its role in cancer is not yet clearly understood. Our previous studies of head and neck cancer had identified gigaxonin interacting with p16 for NFκB ubiquitination. To explore its role in cancer cell growth suppression, we analyzed normal and tumor DNA from cervical and head and neck cancers. There was a higher frequency of exon 8 SNP (c.1293 C>T, rs2608555) in the tumor (46% vs. 25% normal, P = 0.011) pointing to a relationship to cancer. Comparison of primary tumor with recurrence and metastasis did not reveal a statistical significance. Two cervical cancer cell lines, ME180 and HT3 harboring exon 8 SNP and showing T allele expression correlated with higher gigaxonin expression, reduced in vitro cell growth and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in comparison with C allele expressing cancer cell lines. Loss of gigaxonin expression in ME180 cells through CRISPR-Cas9 or siRNA led to aggressive cancer cell growth including increased migration and Matrigel invasion. The in vitro cell growth phenotypes were reversed with re-expression of gigaxonin. Suppression of cell growth correlated with reduced Snail and increased e-cadherin expression. Mouse tail vein injection studies showed increased lung metastasis of cells with low gigaxonin expression and reduced metastasis with reexpression of gigaxonin. We have found an association between C allele expression and RNA instability and absence of multimeric protein formation. From our results, we conclude that gigaxonin expression is associated with suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through inhibition of Snail. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that GAN gene exon 8 SNP T allele expression correlates with higher gigaxonin expression and suppression of aggressive cancer cell growth. There is downregulation of Snail and upregulation of e-cadherin through NFκB ubiquitination. We hypothesize that exon 8 T allele and gigaxonin expression could serve as diagnostic markers of suppression of aggressive growth of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mysore S. Veena
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jungmo J. Gahng
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mustafa Alani
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Albert Y. Ko
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Saroj K. Basak
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Isabelle Y. Liu
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kimberly J. Hwang
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenna R. Chatoff
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Natarajan Venkatesan
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Weihong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ibraheem Ali
- Department of Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library and The Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- The Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bhavani Shankara Gowda
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick Frost
- Department of Medicine, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Neda A. Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharon P. Wilczynski
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC team, INMG, UCBL Lyon1 – CNRS UMR5261 – INSERM U1315, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marilene B. Wang
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS and Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eri S. Srivatsan
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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3
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Zou X, Shi Y, Zhang S, Quan J, Han J, Han S. Fluorescence-On Imaging of Reticulophagy Enabled by an Acidity-Reporting Solvatochromic Probe. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37463355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy) is engaged in diverse pathological disorders. Herein, we reported sensitive imaging of reticulophagy with ER-Green-proRed, a diad combining a solvatochromic entity of trifluoromethylated naphthalimide for long-term ER tracking by green fluorescence and an entity of rhodamine-lactam fluorogenic to lysosomal acidity. Stringently accumulated in the ER to give green fluorescence, ER-Green-proRed exhibits robust red fluorescence upon codelivery with the ER subdomain into lysosomes. The relevance of turn-on red fluorescence to reticulophagy was validated by reticulophagy modulated by starvation, reticulophagic receptors, and autophagy inhibition. This imaging method was successfully employed to discern reticulophagy induced by various pharmacological agents. These results show the potential of ER-targeted pH probes, as exemplified by ER-Green-proRed, to image reticulophagy and to identify reticulophagy inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yilong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jialiang Quan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Ye G, Wang J, Yang W, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The roles of KLHL family members in human cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5105-5139. [PMID: 36504893 PMCID: PMC9729911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like (KLHL) family members consist of three domains: bric-a-brac, tramtrack, broad complex/poxvirus and zinc finger domain, BACK domain and Kelch domain, which combine and interact with Cullin3 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Research has indicated that KLHL family members ubiquitinate target substrates to regulate physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis and progression. KLHL19, a member of the KLHL family, is associated with tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However, the regulation and cross talks of other KLHL family members, which also play roles in cancer, are still unclear. Our review mainly explores studies concerning the roles of other KLHL family members in tumor-related regulation to provide novel insights into KLHL family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganghui Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Weili Yang
- Yinzhou People’s Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020, Zhejiang, P. R. China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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5
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Liu X, Li J, Hao X, Sun H, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Jia L, Tian Y, Sun W. LC–MS-Based Urine Metabolomics Analysis for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Medulloblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949513. [PMID: 35936679 PMCID: PMC9353006 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common type of brain cancer in pediatric patients. Body fluid biomarkers will be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this study, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based metabolomics was used to identify specific urine metabolites of MB in a cohort, including 118 healthy controls, 111 MB patients, 31 patients with malignant brain cancer, 51 patients with benign brain disease, 29 MB patients 1 week postsurgery and 80 MB patients 1 month postsurgery. The results showed an apparent separation for MB vs. healthy controls, MB vs. benign brain diseases, and MB vs. other malignant brain tumors, with AUCs values of 0.947/0.906, 0.900/0.873, and 0.842/0.885, respectively, in the discovery/validation group. Among all differentially identified metabolites, 4 metabolites (tetrahydrocortisone, cortolone, urothion and 20-oxo-leukotriene E4) were specific to MB. The analysis of these 4 metabolites in pre- and postoperative MB urine samples showed that their levels returned to a healthy state after the operation (especially after one month), showing the potential specificity of these metabolites for MB. Finally, the combination of two metabolites, tetrahydrocortisone and cortolone, showed diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing MB from non-MB, with an AUC value of 0.851. Our data showed that urine metabolomics might be used for MB diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun, ; Yongji Tian, ; Lulu Jia,
| | - Yongji Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun, ; Yongji Tian, ; Lulu Jia,
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun, ; Yongji Tian, ; Lulu Jia,
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6
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Fakhri S, Zachariah Moradi S, DeLiberto LK, Bishayee A. Cellular senescence signaling in cancer: A novel therapeutic target to combat human malignancies. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:114989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Veena MS, Raychaudhuri S, Basak SK, Venkatesan N, Kumar P, Biswas R, Chakrabarti R, Lu J, Su T, Gallagher-Jones M, Morselli M, Fu H, Pellegrini M, Goldstein T, Aladjem MI, Rettig MB, Wilczynski SP, Shin DS, Srivatsan ES. Dysregulation of hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-449a leads to overexpression of PACS-1 and loss of DNA damage response (DDR) in cervical cancer. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17169-17186. [PMID: 33028635 PMCID: PMC7863911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed overexpression of PACS-1, a cytosolic sorting protein in primary cervical tumors. Absence of exonic mutations and overexpression at the RNA level suggested a transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional regulation. University of California Santa Cruz genome browser analysis of PACS-1 micro RNAs (miR), revealed two 8-base target sequences at the 3' terminus for hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-449a. Quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blotting studies showed reduced or loss of expression of the two microRNAs in cervical cancer cell lines and primary tumors, indicating dysregulation of these two microRNAs in cervical cancer. Loss of PACS-1 with siRNA or exogenous expression of hsa-miR-34a or hsa-miR-449a in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines resulted in DNA damage response, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and reduction in cell growth. Furthermore, the siRNA studies showed that loss of PACS-1 expression was accompanied by increased nuclear γH2AX expression, Lys382-p53 acetylation, and genomic instability. PACS-1 re-expression through LNA-hsa-anti-miR-34a or -449a or through PACS-1 cDNA transfection led to the reversal of DNA damage response and restoration of cell growth. Release of cells post 24-h serum starvation showed PACS-1 nuclear localization at G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Our results therefore indicate that the loss of hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-449a expression in cervical cancer leads to overexpression of PACS-1 and suppression of DNA damage response, resulting in the development of chemo-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mysore S Veena
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Santanu Raychaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saroj K Basak
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natarajan Venkatesan
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Parameet Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita Chakrabarti
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Trent Su
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology and Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Theodore Goldstein
- Institute of Computational Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew B Rettig
- Department of Medicine, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sharon P Wilczynski
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, VAGLAHS/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eri S Srivatsan
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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The ARF tumor suppressor targets PPM1G/PP2Cγ to counteract NF-κB transcription tuning cell survival and the inflammatory response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32594-32605. [PMID: 33288725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004470117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible transcriptional programs mediate the regulation of key biological processes and organismal functions. Despite their complexity, cells have evolved mechanisms to precisely control gene programs in response to environmental cues to regulate cell fate and maintain normal homeostasis. Upon stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), the master transcriptional regulator nuclear factor (NF)-κB utilizes the PPM1G/PP2Cγ phosphatase as a coactivator to normally induce inflammatory and cell survival programs. However, how PPM1G activity is precisely regulated to control NF-κB transcription magnitude and kinetics remains unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism by which the ARF tumor suppressor binds PPM1G to negatively regulate its coactivator function in the NF-κB circuit thereby promoting insult resolution. ARF becomes stabilized upon binding to PPM1G and forms a ternary protein complex with PPM1G and NF-κB at target gene promoters in a stimuli-dependent manner to provide tunable control of the NF-κB transcriptional program. Consistently, loss of ARF in colon epithelial cells leads to up-regulation of NF-κB antiapoptotic genes upon TNF stimulation and renders cells partially resistant to TNF-induced apoptosis in the presence of agents blocking the antiapoptotic program. Notably, patient tumor data analysis validates these findings by revealing that loss of ARF strongly correlates with sustained expression of inflammatory and cell survival programs. Collectively, we propose that PPM1G emerges as a therapeutic target in a variety of cancers arising from ARF epigenetic silencing, to loss of ARF function, as well as tumors bearing oncogenic NF-κB activation.
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9
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Sun Q, Li X, Xu M, Zhang L, Zuo H, Xin Y, Zhang L, Gong P. Differential Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of circRNA in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:586814. [PMID: 33329727 PMCID: PMC7732606 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.586814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (CircRNA) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the pathogenesis of NSCLC caused by circRNA has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed circRNAs and identify the underlying pathogenesis hub genes of NSCLC by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Data of gene expression microarrays (GSE101586, GSE101684, and GSE112214) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were obtained by the “limma” package of R programs and the overlapping operation was implemented of DECs. CircBase database and Cancer-Specific CircRNA database (CSCD) were used to find miRNAs binding to DECs. Target genes of the found miRNAs were identified utilizing Perl programs based on miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan databases. Functional and enrichment analyses of selected target genes were performing using the “cluster profiler” package. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the Search Tool for the STRING database and module analysis of selected hub genes was performed by Cytoscape 3.7.1. Survival analysis of hub genes were performed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Respectively, 1 DEC, 249 DECs, and 101 DECs were identified in GSE101586, GSE101684, and GSE112214. A total of eight overlapped circRNAs, 43 miRNAs and 427 target genes were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed these target genes were enriched in biological processes of regulation of histone methylation, Ras protein signal transduction and covalent chromatin modification etc. Pathway enrichment analysis showed these target genes are mainly involved in AMPK signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and insulin signaling pathway etc. A PPI network was constructed based on 427 target genes of the 43 miRNAs. Ten hub genes were found, of which the expression of MYLIP, GAN, and CDC27 were significantly related to NSCLC patient prognosis. Our study provide a deeper understanding the circRNAs-miRNAs-target genes by bioinformatics analysis, which may provide novel insights for unraveling pathogenesis of NSCLC. MYLIP, GAN, and CDC27 genes might serve as novel biomarker for precise treatment and prognosis of NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen Sun
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Muchen Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Zuo
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong Xin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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10
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Lescouzères L, Bomont P. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Neurological Diseases: Focus on Gigaxonin and Autophagy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1022. [PMID: 33192535 PMCID: PMC7642974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a dynamic post-translational modification that regulates the fate of proteins and therefore modulates a myriad of cellular functions. At the last step of this sophisticated enzymatic cascade, E3 ubiquitin ligases selectively direct ubiquitin attachment to specific substrates. Altogether, the ∼800 distinct E3 ligases, combined to the exquisite variety of ubiquitin chains and types that can be formed at multiple sites on thousands of different substrates confer to ubiquitination versatility and infinite possibilities to control biological functions. E3 ubiquitin ligases have been shown to regulate behaviors of proteins, from their activation, trafficking, subcellular distribution, interaction with other proteins, to their final degradation. Largely known for tagging proteins for their degradation by the proteasome, E3 ligases also direct ubiquitinated proteins and more largely cellular content (organelles, ribosomes, etc.) to destruction by autophagy. This multi-step machinery involves the creation of double membrane autophagosomes in which engulfed material is degraded after fusion with lysosomes. Cooperating in sustaining homeostasis, actors of ubiquitination, proteasome and autophagy pathways are impaired or mutated in wide range of human diseases. From initial discovery of pathogenic mutations in the E3 ligase encoding for E6-AP in Angelman syndrome and Parkin in juvenile forms of Parkinson disease, the number of E3 ligases identified as causal gene for neurological diseases has considerably increased within the last years. In this review, we provide an overview of these diseases, by classifying the E3 ubiquitin ligase types and categorizing the neurological signs. We focus on the Gigaxonin-E3 ligase, mutated in giant axonal neuropathy and present a comprehensive analysis of the spectrum of mutations and the recent biological models that permitted to uncover novel mechanisms of action. Then, we discuss the common functions shared by Gigaxonin and the other E3 ligases in cytoskeleton architecture, cell signaling and autophagy. In particular, we emphasize their pivotal roles in controlling multiple steps of the autophagy pathway. In light of the various targets and extending functions sustained by a single E3 ligase, we finally discuss the challenge in understanding the complex pathological cascade underlying disease and in designing therapeutic approaches that can apprehend this complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lescouzères
- ATIP-Avenir Team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ATIP-Avenir Team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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11
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Liu P, Lu Z, Wu Y, Shang D, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Liu H, Tu Z. Cellular Senescence-Inducing Small Molecules for Cancer Treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:109-119. [PMID: 29848278 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180530092825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the chemotherapeutic drug-induced cellular senescence has been considered a promising anti-cancer approach. The drug-induced senescence, which shows both similar and different hallmarks from replicative and oncogene-induced senescence, was regarded as a key determinant of tumor response to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To date, an amount of effective chemotherapeutic drugs that can evoke senescence in cancer cells have been reported. The targets of these drugs differ substantially, including senescence signaling pathways, DNA replication process, DNA damage pathways, epigenetic modifications, microtubule polymerization, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and so on. By summarizing senescence-inducing small molecule drugs together with their specific traits and corresponding mechanisms, this review is devoted to inform scientists to develop novel therapeutic strategies against cancer through inducing senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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12
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Basak SK, Bera A, Yoon AJ, Morselli M, Jeong C, Tosevska A, Dong TS, Eklund M, Russ E, Nasser H, Lagishetty V, Guo R, Sajed D, Mudgal S, Mehta P, Avila L, Srivastava M, Faull K, Jacobs J, Pellegrini M, Shin DS, Srivatsan ES, Wang MB. A randomized, phase 1, placebo-controlled trial of APG-157 in oral cancer demonstrates systemic absorption and an inhibitory effect on cytokines and tumor-associated microbes. Cancer 2020; 126:1668-1682. [PMID: 32022261 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although curcumin's effect on head and neck cancer has been studied in vitro and in vivo, to the authors' knowledge its efficacy is limited by poor systemic absorption from oral administration. APG-157 is a botanical drug containing multiple polyphenols, including curcumin, developed under the US Food and Drug Administration's Botanical Drug Development, that delivers the active components to oromucosal tissues near the tumor target. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 clinical trial was conducted with APG-157 in 13 normal subjects and 12 patients with oral cancer. Two doses, 100 mg or 200 mg, were delivered transorally every hour for 3 hours. Blood and saliva were collected before and 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 24 hours after treatment. Electrocardiograms and blood tests did not demonstrate any toxicity. RESULTS Treatment with APG-157 resulted in circulating concentrations of curcumin and analogs peaking at 3 hours with reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations in the salivary supernatant fluid of patients with cancer. Salivary microbial flora analysis showed a reduction in Bacteroidetes species in cancer subjects. RNA and immunofluorescence analyses of tumor tissues of a subject demonstrated increased expression of genes associated with differentiation and T-cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggested that APG-157 could serve as a therapeutic drug in combination with immunotherapy. LAY SUMMARY Curcumin has been shown to suppress tumor cells because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effectiveness has been limited by poor absorption when delivered orally. Subjects with oral cancer were given oral APG-157, a botanical drug containing multiple polyphenols, including curcumin. Curcumin was found in the blood and in tumor tissues. Inflammatory markers and Bacteroides species were found to be decreased in the saliva, and immune T cells were increased in the tumor tissue. APG-157 is absorbed well, reduces inflammation, and attracts T cells to the tumor, suggesting its potential use in combination with immunotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Basak
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander J Yoon
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chan Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anela Tosevska
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tien S Dong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Eklund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Russ
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hassan Nasser
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dipti Sajed
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Luis Avila
- Aveta Biomics Inc, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kym Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Jacobs
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eri S Srivatsan
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Nuclear Factor-κB Overexpression is Correlated with Poor Outcomes after Multimodality Bladder-Preserving Therapy in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111954. [PMID: 31766169 PMCID: PMC6912291 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate prognostic molecular targets for selecting patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing bladder-preserving therapy. Pretreatment biopsy samples from patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer receiving trimodality bladder-preserving therapy were analyzed for expression levels of p53, p16, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB; p65), E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), meiotic recombination 11 homolog (MRE11), programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1), and mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6) by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The correlations between these molecular markers with local progression-free survival (LPFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were explored. Biopsy samples from 41 out of 60 patients were evaluated using IHC. Univariate analysis revealed that the high expression of NFκB is associated with significantly worse LPFS, DMFS, and OS, and low expression of p16 is associated with significantly lower LPFS. Upon further multivariate analysis including sex, age, stage, and selected unfavorable factors in the model, NFκB and p16 independently remained significant. The investigational in vitro study demonstrated that irradiation induces up-regulation of NFκB signaling. Irradiated bladder cancer cells showed increased invasion capability and clonogenic survival; inhibition of NFκB signaling by an NFκB inhibitor, SC75741, or RNA interference reversed the observed increases. NFκB expression (p65) is associated with prognostic significance for both LPFS and DMFS in patients treated with bladder-preserving therapy, with consistent impact on cell viability of bladder cancer cells. NFκB may be a putative molecular target to help with outcome stratification.
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14
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Kelch-like proteins: Physiological functions and relationships with diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Didonna A, Opal P. The role of neurofilament aggregation in neurodegeneration: lessons from rare inherited neurological disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:19. [PMID: 31097008 PMCID: PMC6524292 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are well known to involve the accumulation of disease-specific proteins. Less well known are the accumulations of another set of proteins, neuronal intermediate filaments (NFs), which have been observed in these diseases for decades. NFs belong to the family of cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins (IFs) that give cells their shape; they determine axonal caliber, which controls signal conduction; and they regulate the transport of synaptic vesicles and modulate synaptic plasticity by binding to neurotransmitter receptors. In the last two decades, a number of rare disorders caused by mutations in genes that encode NFs or regulate their metabolism have been discovered. These less prevalent disorders are providing novel insights into the role of NF aggregation in the more common neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Didonna
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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16
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Sane S, Hafner A, Srinivasan R, Masood D, Slunecka JL, Noldner CJ, Hanson AD, Kruisselbrink T, Wang X, Wang Y, Yin J, Rezvani K. UBXN2A enhances CHIP-mediated proteasomal degradation of oncoprotein mortalin-2 in cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1753-1777. [PMID: 30107089 PMCID: PMC6166003 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of oncoproteins is a major cause of treatment failure using current chemotherapeutic drugs. Drug-induced degradation of oncoproteins is feasible and can improve clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. Mortalin-2 (mot-2) is a dominant oncoprotein in several tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition to inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein, mot-2 enhances tumor cell invasion and migration. Thus, mot-2 is considered a potential therapeutic target in several cancer types. The current study investigated the biological role of a ubiquitin-like protein called UBXN2A in the regulation of mot-2 turnover. An orthogonal ubiquitin transfer technology followed by immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination, and Magnetic Beads TUBE2 pull-down experiments revealed that UBXN2A promotes carboxyl terminus of the HSP70-interacting protein (CHIP)-dependent ubiquitination of mot-2. We subsequently showed that UBXN2A increases proteasomal degradation of mot-2. A subcellular compartmentalization experiment revealed that induced UBXN2A decreases the level of mot-2 and its chaperone partner, HSP60. Pharmacological upregulation of UBXN2A using a small molecule, veratridine (VTD), decreases the level of mot-2 in cancer cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, UBXN2A+/- mice exhibited selective elevation of mot-2 in colon tissues. An in vitro Anti-K48 TUBE isolation approach showed that recombinant UBXN2A enhances proteasomal degradation of mot-2 in mouse colon tissues. Finally, we observed enhanced association of CHIP with the UBXN2A-mot-2 complex in tumors in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse CRC model. The existence of a multiprotein complex containing UBXN2A, CHIP, and mot-2 suggests a synergistic tumor suppressor activity of UBXN2A and CHIP in mot-2-enriched tumors. This finding validates the UBXN2A-CHIP axis as a novel and potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Sane
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Andre Hafner
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Rekha Srinivasan
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Daniall Masood
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - John l. Slunecka
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Collin J. Noldner
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Alex D. Hanson
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Taylor Kruisselbrink
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Diagnostics & TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Diagnostics & TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
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17
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Shi H, Mao Y, Ju Q, Wu Y, Bai W, Wang P, Zhang Y, Jiang M. C-terminal binding protein‑2 mediates cisplatin chemoresistance in esophageal cancer cells via the inhibition of apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:167-176. [PMID: 29658564 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding protein‑2 (CtBP2) is a transcriptional co-repressor that is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. It has been reported to predict a poor prognosis in several human cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of CtBP2 in the cisplatin (DDP) resistance of the ECA109 ESCC cell line and its effect on the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. Constructed recombinant lentiviruses were used for the knockdown or overexpression of CtBP2 in ECA109 cells, and the expression of CtBP2 was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting following transfection. MTT assays, Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry (FCM) were applied to detect the influence of CtBP2 on the DDP-induced viability and apoptosis of the transfected ECA109 cells. In addition, the levels of apoptosis-associated proteins, including p53, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) and activated caspase-3 were investigated in the transfected ECA109 cells. Stable ECA109 cells with CtBP2 overexpression or knockdown were successfully established. The results of the MTT, Hoechst 33342 and FCM assays demonstrated that overexpression of CtBP2 attenuated the reduction of cell viability and inhibited the cell apoptosis induced by DDP. Furthermore, the western blotting results indicated that CtBP2 overexpression inhibited the DDP-induced apoptosis of ECA109 cells via the reduction of p53, activated caspase-3 and Bax expression, and promotion of Bcl‑2 expression. Therefore, the present study indicated that CtBP2 reduced the susceptibility of ECA109 cells to DDP by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic target in ESCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Laboratory Animals Center, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yinting Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yingcheng Wu
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wen Bai
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Maorong Jiang
- Laboratory Animals Center, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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18
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Fung N, Faraji F, Kang H, Fakhry C. The role of human papillomavirus on the prognosis and treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:449-461. [PMID: 28812214 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-positive OPC) is a distinct subtype of head and neck carcinoma (HNC) distinguished from HPV-negative HNC by its risk factor profile, clinical behavior, and molecular biology. Compared to HPV-negative HNC, HPV-positive OPC exhibits significantly better prognosis and an enhanced response to treatment. Recognition of the survival benefit of HPV-positive tumors has led to therapeutic de-intensification strategies aiming to mitigate treatment-related toxicities while maintaining high response rates. In this review, we summarize key aspects of oral HPV infection and the molecular mechanisms of HPV-related carcinogenesis. We review the clinical and molecular characteristics of HPV-positive OPC that contribute to its improved prognosis compared to HPV-negative HNC. We also discuss current and emerging treatment strategies, emphasizing potential mechanisms of treatment sensitivity and the role of therapeutic de-intensification in HPV-positive OPC. Lastly, we examine literature on the management and prognosis of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive OPC with a focus on the role of salvage surgery in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Sixth Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Sixth Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Sixth Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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19
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Petrova NV, Velichko AK, Razin SV, Kantidze OL. Small molecule compounds that induce cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2016; 15:999-1017. [PMID: 27628712 PMCID: PMC6398529 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, dozens of stress‐induced cellular senescence phenotypes have been reported. These cellular senescence states may differ substantially from each other, as well as from replicative senescence through the presence of specific senescence features. Here, we attempted to catalog virtually all of the cellular senescence‐like states that can be induced by low molecular weight compounds. We summarized biological markers, molecular pathways involved in senescence establishment, and specific traits of cellular senescence states induced by more than fifty small molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artem K. Velichko
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
| | - Sergey V. Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow Russia
- LIA 1066 French‐Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory 94805 Villejuif France
| | - Omar L. Kantidze
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
- LIA 1066 French‐Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory 94805 Villejuif France
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20
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Mallen-St Clair J, Alani M, Wang MB, Srivatsan ES. Human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal cancer: The changing face of a disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:141-150. [PMID: 27487173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has brought about an unexpected rise in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) primarily in white males from the ages of 40-55years, with limited exposure to alcohol and tobacco. This subset of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been found to be associated with human papillomavirus infection (HPV). Other Head and Neck Squamous Cell carcinoma (HNSCC) subtypes include oral cavity, hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal SCC which tend to be HPV negative. HPV associated oropharyngeal cancer has proven to differ from alcohol and tobacco associated oropharyngeal carcinoma in regards to the molecular pathophysiology, presentation, epidemiology, prognosis, and improved response to chemoradiation therapy. Given the improved survival of patients with HPV associated SCC, efforts to de-intensify treatment to decrease treatment related morbidity are at the forefront of clinical research. This review will focus on the important differences between HPV and tobacco related oropharyngeal cancer. We will review the molecular pathogenesis of HPV related oropharyngeal cancer with an emphasis on new paradigms for screening and treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mallen-St Clair
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mustafa Alani
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eri S Srivatsan
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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21
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Liposome encapsulated curcumin-difluorinated (CDF) inhibits the growth of cisplatin resistant head and neck cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18504-17. [PMID: 26098778 PMCID: PMC4621906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer, with 600,000 new cases every year worldwide. Although chemotherapeutics exist, five-year survival is only 50%. New strategies to overcome drug resistance are required to improve HNSCC treatment. Curcumin-difluorinated (CDF), a synthetic analog of curcumin, was packaged in liposomes and used to evaluate growth inhibition of cisplatin resistant HNSCC cell lines CCL-23R and UM-SCC-1R generated from the parental cell lines CCL-23 and UM-SCC-1 respectively. Growth inhibition in vitro and expression levels of the CD44 (cancer stem cell marker), cytokines, and growth factors were investigated after liposomal CDF treatment. The in vivo growth inhibitory effect of liposomal CDF was evaluated in the nude mice xenograft tumor model of UM-SCC-1R and the inhibition of CD44 was measured. Treatment of the resistant cell lines in vitro with liposomal CDF resulted in a statistically significant growth inhibition (p < 0.05). The nude mice xenograft study showed a statistically significant tumor growth inhibition of UM-SCC-1R cells and a reduction in the expression of CD44 (p < 0.05), indicating an inhibitory effect of liposomal CDF on CSCs. Our results demonstrate that delivery of CDF through liposomes may be an effective method for the treatment of cisplatin resistant HNSCC.
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Kang JJ, Liu IY, Wang MB, Srivatsan ES. A review of gigaxonin mutations in giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) and cancer. Hum Genet 2016; 135:675-84. [PMID: 27023907 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gigaxonin, the product of GAN gene localized to chromosome 16, is associated with the early onset neuronal degeneration disease giant axonal neuropathy (GAN). Gigaxonin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein involved in intermediate filament processing in neural cells, and vimentin filaments in fibroblasts. Mutations of the gene cause pre-neural filaments to accumulate and form giant axons resulting in the inhibition of neural cell signaling. Analysis of the catalog of somatic mutations in cancer, driver DB and IDGC data portal databases containing 21,000 tumor genomic sequences has identified GAN patient mutations in cancer cell lines and primary tumors. The database search has also shown the presence of identical missense and nonsense gigaxonin mutations in GAN and colon cancer. These mutations frequently occur in the domains associated with protein homodimerization and substrate interaction such as Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac (BTB), BTB associated C-terminal KELCH (BACK), and KELCH repeats. Analysis of the International HapMap Project database containing 1200 normal genomic sequences has identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2608555, in exon 8 of the gigaxonin sequence. While this SNP is present in >40 % of Caucasian population, it is present in less than 10 % of Japanese and Chinese populations. Although the role of gigaxonin polymorphism is not yet known, CFTR and MDR1 gene studies have shown that silent mutations play a role in the instability and aberrant splicing and folding of mRNAs. We believe that molecular and functional investigation of gigaxonin mutations including the exon 8 polymorphism could lead to an improved understanding of the relationship between GAN and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Kang
- Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Isabelle Y Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eri S Srivatsan
- Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Carvalho AS, Rodríguez MS, Matthiesen R. Review and Literature Mining on Proteostasis Factors and Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1449:71-84. [PMID: 27613028 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3756-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Automatic analysis of increasingly growing literature repositories including data integration to other databases is a powerful tool to propose hypothesis that can be used to plan experiments to validate or disprove the hypothesis. Furthermore, it provides means to evaluate the redundancy of research line in comparison to the published literature. This is potentially beneficial for those developing research in a specific disease which are interested in exploring a particular pathway or set of genes/proteins. In the scope of the integrating book a case will be made addressing proteostasis factors in cancer. The maintenance of proteome homeostasis, known as proteostasis, is a process by which cells regulate protein translation, degradation, subcellular localization, and protein folding and consists of an integrated network of proteins. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a key role in essential biological processes such as cell cycle, DNA damage repair, membrane trafficking, and maintaining protein homeostasis. Cells maintain proteostasis by regulating protein translation, degradation, subcellular localization, and protein folding. Aberrant proteostasis leads to loss-of-function diseases (cystic fibrosis) and gain-of-toxic-function diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease). Cancer therapy on the other hand explores inhibition of proteostasis factors to trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress with subsequent apoptosis. Alternatively therapies target deubiquitinases and thereby regulate tumor promoters or suppressors. Furthermore, mutations in specific proteostasis factors are associated with higher risk for specific cancers, e.g., BRCA mutations in breast cancer. This chapter discusses proteostasis protein factors' association with cancer from a literature mining perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Carvalho
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA, I.P., Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel S Rodríguez
- IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS and ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Oncopole entrée B, Toulouse, France
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA, I.P., Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Sun R, Wang J, Li X, Li L, Yang J, Ren Y, Xi Y, Sun C. Effect of Iodine Intake on p14ARF and p16INK4a Expression in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2288-93. [PMID: 26248224 PMCID: PMC4532191 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine intake is related to thyroid disease. This study investigated the effect of the amount of iodine intake on p14ARF and p16INK4a expression of thyroid papillary carcinoma in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 240 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, low iodine, normal iodine, and high iodine groups (n=60 per group). We inoculated 2 × 10(5) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells on the left side of the thyroid gland. After 6 and 12 weeks, serum thyroid hormone level and urine iodine level were measured in addition to morphological observations of tumor tissues. Expression of p14ARF, p16INK4a was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The expression of p14ARF, p16INK4a, FT3, and FT4 levels in all iodine-treated animals were significantly lower than in the control group, while TSH level was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared to the normal iodine group, the low and high groups had lower p14ARF and p16INK4a expression, lower FT3 and FT4 levels, higher TSH levels, and heavier tumors (P<0.05). In a further between-group comparison, p14ARF and p16INK4a expression and FT3 and FT4 levels at 12 weeks were lower than at 6 weeks. Expression of p14ARF and p16INK4a were positively correlated with FT3 and FT4, and negatively correlated with TSH and tumor weight. CONCLUSIONS Low and high iodine diet intake could reduce p14ARF and p16INK4a expressions and promote tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jinde Wang
- Graduate Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yanxin Ren
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Xi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chuanzheng Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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