1
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Nagar A, Bharadwaj R, Shaikh MOF, Roy A. What are NLRP3-ASC specks? an experimental progress of 22 years of inflammasome research. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188864. [PMID: 37564644 PMCID: PMC10411722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Speck assembly is the hallmark of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The 1µm structure comprising of NLRP3 and ASC is the first observable phenotype of NLRP3 activation. While the common consensus is that the specks are the site of inflammasome activity, no direct experimental evidence exists to support this notion. In these 22 years, since the inflammasome discovery, several research studies have been published which directly or indirectly support or refute the idea of speck being the inflammasome. This review compiles the data from two decades of research to answer a long-standing question: "What are NLRP3-ASC specks?"
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinit Nagar
- Department of Flow Cytometry, Cytek Biosciences, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Ravi Bharadwaj
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Omar Faruk Shaikh
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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2
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Yu TG, Cha JS, Kim G, Sohn YK, Yoo Y, Kim U, Song JJ, Cho HS, Kim HS. Oligomeric states of ASC specks regulate inflammatory responses by inflammasome in the extracellular space. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:142. [PMID: 37120628 PMCID: PMC10148886 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes and play a crucial role in host defense against pathogens. Downstream inflammatory responses through inflammasomes are known to be related to the oligomerization degree of ASC specks, but the detailed mechanism still remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that oligomerization degrees of ASC specks regulate the caspase-1 activation in the extracellular space. A protein binder specific for a pyrin domain (PYD) of ASC (ASCPYD) was developed, and structural analysis revealed that the protein binder effectively inhibits the interaction between PYDs, disassembling ASC specks into low oligomeric states. ASC specks with a low oligomerization degree were shown to enhance the activation of caspase-1 by recruiting and processing more premature caspase-1 through interactions between CARD of caspase-1 (caspase-1CARD) and CARD of ASC (ASCCARD). These findings can provide insight into controlling the inflammasome-mediated inflammatory process as well as the development of inflammasome-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Geun Yu
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Gijeong Kim
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyoung Sohn
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- R&D Center, Sugentech, Inc., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youngki Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Departement of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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3
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Zeng Y, Cai Y, Chai P, Mao Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Zeng K, Zhan Z, Xie Y, Li C, Zhan H, Zhao L, Chen X, Zhu X, Liu Y, Chen M, Song Y, Zhou A. Optimization of cancer immunotherapy through pyroptosis: A pyroptosis-related signature predicts survival benefit and potential synergy for immunotherapy in glioma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961933. [PMID: 35990696 PMCID: PMC9382657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a critical type of programmed cell death that is strongly associated with the regulation of tumor and immune cell functions. However, the role of pyroptosis in tumor progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment in gliomas has not been extensively studied. Thus, in this study, we aimed to establish a comprehensive pyroptosis-related signature and uncover its potential clinical application in gliomas. Methods The TCGA glioma cohort was obtained and divided into training and internal validation cohorts, while the CGGA glioma cohort was used as an external validation cohort. Unsupervised consensus clustering was performed to identify pyroptosis-related expression patterns. A Cox regression analysis was performed to establish a pyroptosis-related risk signature. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to analyze the expression of signature genes in glioma tissues. Immune infiltration was analyzed and validated by immunohistochemical staining. The expression patterns of signature genes in different cell types were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing data. Finally, therapeutic responses to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and potential small-molecule inhibitors were investigated. Results Patients with glioma were stratified into clusters 1 and 2 based on the expression patterns of pyroptosis-related genes. Cluster 2 showed a longer overall (P<0.001) and progression-free survival time (P<0.001) than Cluster 1. CD8+ T cell enrichment was observed in Cluster 1. A pyroptosis-related risk signature (PRRS) was then established. The high PRRS group showed a significantly poorer prognosis than the low PRRS group in the training cohort (P<0.001), with validation in the internal and external validation cohorts. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that CD8+ T cells were enriched in high PRRS glioma tissues. PRRS genes also showed cell-specific expression in tumor and immune cells. Moreover, the high PRRS risk group showed higher temozolomide sensitivity and increased response to anti-PD1 treatment in a glioblastoma immunotherapy cohort. Finally, Bcl-2 inhibitors were screened as candidates for adjunct immunotherapy of gliomas. Conclusion The pyroptosis-related signature established in this study can be used to reliably predict clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responses in glioma patients. The correlation between the pyroptosis signature and the tumor immune microenvironment may be used to further guide the sensitization of glioma patients to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunlin Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziling Zhan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Zhan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Aidong Zhou, ; Ye Song, ; Ming Chen,
| | - Ye Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Aidong Zhou, ; Ye Song, ; Ming Chen,
| | - Aidong Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Aidong Zhou, ; Ye Song, ; Ming Chen,
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4
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Wang F, Gu L, Wang Y, Sun D, Zhao Y, Meng Q, Yin L, Xu L, Lu X, Peng J, Lin Y, Sun P. MicroRNA-122a aggravates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting pyroptosis via targeting EGFR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2022; 307:120863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Ghait M, Husain RA, Duduskar SN, Haack TB, Rooney M, Göhrig B, Bauer M, Rubio I, Deshmukh SD. The TLR-chaperone CNPY3 is a critical regulator of NLRP3-Inflammasome activation. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:907-923. [PMID: 35334124 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) mediate the recognition of microbial and endogenous insults to orchestrate the inflammatory response. TLRs localize to the plasma membrane or endomembranes, depending on the member, and rely critically on endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperones to mature and reach their subcellular destinations. The chaperone canopy FGF signaling regulator 3 (CNPY3) is necessary for the proper trafficking of multiple TLRs including TLR1/2/4/5/9 but not TLR3. However, the exact role of CNPY3 in inflammatory signalling downstream of TLRs has not been studied in detail. Consistent with the reported client specificity, we report here that functional loss of CNPY3 in engineered macrophages impairs downstream signalling by TLR2 but not TLR3. Unexpectedly, CNPY3-deficient macrophages show reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1ß) and IL-18 processing and production independent of the challenged upstream TLR species, demonstrating a separate, specific role for CNPY3 in inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, we document that CNPY3 regulates caspase-1 localization to the apoptosis speck and auto-activation of caspase-1. Importantly, we were able to recapitulate these findings in macrophages from an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) patient with a novel CNPY3 loss-of-function variant. Summarizing, our findings reveal a hitherto unknown, TLR-independent role of CNPY3 in inflammasome activation, highlighting a more complex and dedicated role of CNPY3 to the inflammatory response than anticipated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ghait
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Husain
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Shivalee N Duduskar
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Rooney
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Göhrig
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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6
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Nagar A, Rahman T, Harton JA. The ASC Speck and NLRP3 Inflammasome Function Are Spatially and Temporally Distinct. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752482. [PMID: 34745125 PMCID: PMC8566762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although considered the ternary inflammasome structure, whether the singular, perinuclear NLRP3:ASC speck is synonymous with the NLRP3 inflammasome is unclear. Herein, we report that the NLRP3:ASC speck is not required for nigericin-induced inflammasome activation but facilitates and maximizes IL-1β processing. Furthermore, the NLRP3 agonists H2O2 and MSU elicited IL-1β maturation without inducing specks. Notably, caspase-1 activity is spatially distinct from the speck, occurring at multiple cytoplasmic sites. Additionally, caspase-1 activity negatively regulates speck frequency and speck size, while speck numbers and IL-1β processing are negatively correlated, cyclical and can be uncoupled by NLRP3 mutations or inhibiting microtubule polymerization. Finally, when specks are present, caspase-1 is likely activated after leaving the speck structure. Thus, the speck is not the NLRP3 inflammasome itself, but is instead a dynamic structure which may amplify the NLRP3 response to weak stimuli by facilitating the formation and release of small NLRP3:ASC complexes which in turn activate caspase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinit Nagar
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Tabassum Rahman
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan A Harton
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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7
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Lu Y, Nanayakkara G, Sun Y, Liu L, Xu K, Drummer C, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Choi ET, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Procaspase-1 patrolled to the nucleus of proatherogenic lipid LPC-activated human aortic endothelial cells induces ROS promoter CYP1B1 and strong inflammation. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102142. [PMID: 34598017 PMCID: PMC8487079 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the roles of nuclear localization of pro-caspase-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) activated by proatherogenic lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), we examined cytosolic and nuclear localization of pro-caspase-1, identified nuclear export signal (NES) in pro-caspase-1 and sequenced RNAs. We made the following findings: 1) LPC increases nuclear localization of procaspase-1 in HAECs. 2) Nuclear pro-caspase-1 exports back to the cytosol, which is facilitated by a leptomycin B-inhibited mechanism. 3) Increased nuclear localization of pro-caspase-1 by a new NES peptide inhibitor upregulates inflammatory genes in oxidative stress and Th17 pathways; and SUMO activator N106 enhances nuclear localization of pro-caspase-1 and caspase-1 activation (p20) in the nucleus. 4) LPC plus caspase-1 enzymatic inhibitor upregulates inflammatory genes with hypercytokinemia/hyperchemokinemia and interferon pathways, suggesting a novel capsase-1 enzyme-independent inflammatory mechanism. 5) LPC in combination with NES inhibitor and caspase-1 inhibitor upregulate inflammatory gene expression that regulate Th17 activation, endotheli-1 signaling, p38-, and ERK- MAPK pathways. To examine two hallmarks of endothelial activation such as secretomes and membrane protein signaling, LPC plus NES inhibitor upregulate 57 canonical secretomic genes and 76 exosome secretomic genes, respectively, promoting four pathways including Th17, IL-17 promoted cytokines, interferon signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis. LPC with NES inhibitor also promote inflammation via upregulating ROS promoter CYP1B1 and 11 clusters of differentiation (CD) membrane protein pathways. Mechanistically, all the LPC plus NES inhibitor-induced genes are significantly downregulated in CYP1B1-deficient microarray, suggesting that nuclear caspase-1-induced CYP1B1 promotes strong inflammation. These transcriptomic results provide novel insights on the roles of nuclear caspase-1 in sensing DAMPs, inducing ROS promoter CYP1B1 and in regulating a large number of genes that mediate HAEC activation and inflammation. These findings will lead to future development of novel therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), inflammations, infections, transplantation, autoimmune disease and cancers. (total words: 284).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | | | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Eric T Choi
- Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, USA.
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8
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Reinke S, Linge M, Diebner HH, Luksch H, Glage S, Gocht A, Robertson AAB, Cooper MA, Hofmann SR, Naumann R, Sarov M, Behrendt R, Roers A, Pessler F, Roesler J, Rösen-Wolff A, Winkler S. Non-canonical Caspase-1 Signaling Drives RIP2-Dependent and TNF-α-Mediated Inflammation In Vivo. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2501-2511.e5. [PMID: 32101731 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory caspase-1 is a key player in innate immunity. Caspase-1 processes interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to their mature forms and triggers pyroptosis. These caspase-1 functions are linked to its enzymatic activity. However, loss-of-function missense mutations in CASP1 do not prevent autoinflammation in patients, despite decreased IL-1β production. In vitro data suggest that enzymatically inactive caspase-1 drives inflammation via enhanced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, independent of IL-1β processing. Here, we report two mouse models of enzymatically inactive caspase-1-C284A, demonstrating the relevance of this pathway in vivo. In contrast to Casp1-/- mice, caspase-1-C284A mice show pronounced hypothermia and increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Caspase-1-C284A signaling is RIP2 dependent and mediated by TNF-α but independent of the NLRP3 inflammasome. LPS-stimulated whole blood from patients carrying loss-of-function missense mutations in CASP1 secretes higher amounts of TNF-α. Taken together, these results reveal non-canonical caspase-1 signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Reinke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mary Linge
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans H Diebner
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hella Luksch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Gocht
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sigrun R Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Transgenic Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mihail Sarov
- Genome Engineering Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joachim Roesler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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9
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Agrawal I, Jha S. Comprehensive review of ASC structure and function in immune homeostasis and disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3077-3096. [PMID: 32124174 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis associated speck like protein containing CARD (ASC) is widely researched and recognized as an adaptor protein participating in inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. It contains a bipartite structure comprising of a pyrin and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain. These two domains help ASC function as an adaptor molecule. ASC is encoded by the gene PYCARD. ASC plays pivotal role in various diseases as well as different homeostatic processes. ASC plays a regulatory role in different cancers showing differential regulation with respect to tissue and stage of disease. Besides cancer, ASC also plays a central role in sensing, regulation, and/or disease progression in bacterial infections, viral infections and in varied inflammatory diseases. ASC is expressed in different types of immune and non-immune cells. Its localization pattern also varies with different kinds of stimuli encountered by cell. This review will summarize the literature on the structure cellular and tissue expression, localization and disease association of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agrawal
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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10
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Kapplusch F, Schulze F, Rabe-Matschewsky S, Russ S, Herbig M, Heymann MC, Schoepf K, Stein R, Range U, Rösen-Wolff A, Winkler S, Hedrich CM, Guck J, Hofmann SR. CASP1 variants influence subcellular caspase-1 localization, pyroptosome formation, pro-inflammatory cell death and macrophage deformability. Clin Immunol 2019; 208:108232. [PMID: 31252176 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CASP1 variants result in reduced enzymatic activity of procaspase-1 and impaired IL-1β release. Despite this, affected individuals can develop systemic autoinflammatory disease. These seemingly contradictory observations have only partially been explained by increased NF-κB activation through prolonged interaction of variant procaspase-1 with RIP2. To identify further disease underlying pathomechanisms, we established an in vitro model using shRNA-directed knock-down of procaspase-1 followed by viral transduction of human monocytes (THP-1) with plasmids encoding for wild-type procaspase-1, disease-associated CASP1 variants (p.L265S, p.R240Q) or a missense mutation in the active center of procaspase-1 (p.C285A). THP1-derived macrophages carrying CASP1 variants exhibited mutation-specific molecular alterations. We here provide in vitro evidence for abnormal pyroptosome formation (p.C285A, p.240Q, p.L265S), impaired nuclear (pro)caspase-1 localization (p.L265S), reduced pro-inflammatory cell death (p.C285A) and changes in macrophage deformability that may contribute to disease pathophysiology of patients with CASP1 variants. This offers previously unknown molecular pathomechanisms in patients with systemic autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Kapplusch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabrina Rabe-Matschewsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Christian Heymann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Schoepf
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ursula Range
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Michael Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sigrun Ruth Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Nagar A, DeMarco RA, Harton JA. Inflammasome and Caspase-1 Activity Characterization and Evaluation: An Imaging Flow Cytometer-Based Detection and Assessment of Inflammasome Specks and Caspase-1 Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1003-1015. [PMID: 30598512 PMCID: PMC6344238 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome dysregulation is a hallmark of various inflammatory diseases. Evaluating inflammasome-associated structures (ASC specks) and caspase-1 activity by microscopy is time consuming and limited by small sample size. The current flow cytometric method, time of flight inflammasome evaluation (TOFIE), cannot visualize ASC specks or caspase-1 activity, making colocalization studies of inflammasome components and enzymatic activity impossible. We describe a rapid, high-throughput, single-cell, fluorescence-based image analysis method utilizing the Amnis ImageStreamX instrument that quantitatively and qualitatively characterizes the frequency, area, and cellular distribution of ASC specks and caspase-1 activity in mouse and human cells. Unlike TOFIE, this method differentiates between singular perinuclear specks and false positives. With our technique we also show that the presence of NLRP3 reduces the size of ASC specks, which is further reduced by the presence of active caspase-1. The capacity of our approach to simultaneously detect and quantify ASC specks and caspase-1 activity, both at the population and single-cell level, renders it the most powerful tool available for visualizing and quantifying the impact of mutations on inflammasome assembly and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinit Nagar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208; and
| | | | - Jonathan A Harton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208; and
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