1
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Ghait M, Husain RA, Duduskar SN, Haack TB, Rooney M, Göhrig B, Bauer M, Rubio I, Deshmukh SD. The TLR-chaperone CNPY3 is a critical regulator of NLRP3-Inflammasome activation. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:907-923. [PMID: 35334124 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) mediate the recognition of microbial and endogenous insults to orchestrate the inflammatory response. TLRs localize to the plasma membrane or endomembranes, depending on the member, and rely critically on endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperones to mature and reach their subcellular destinations. The chaperone canopy FGF signaling regulator 3 (CNPY3) is necessary for the proper trafficking of multiple TLRs including TLR1/2/4/5/9 but not TLR3. However, the exact role of CNPY3 in inflammatory signalling downstream of TLRs has not been studied in detail. Consistent with the reported client specificity, we report here that functional loss of CNPY3 in engineered macrophages impairs downstream signalling by TLR2 but not TLR3. Unexpectedly, CNPY3-deficient macrophages show reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1ß) and IL-18 processing and production independent of the challenged upstream TLR species, demonstrating a separate, specific role for CNPY3 in inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, we document that CNPY3 regulates caspase-1 localization to the apoptosis speck and auto-activation of caspase-1. Importantly, we were able to recapitulate these findings in macrophages from an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) patient with a novel CNPY3 loss-of-function variant. Summarizing, our findings reveal a hitherto unknown, TLR-independent role of CNPY3 in inflammasome activation, highlighting a more complex and dedicated role of CNPY3 to the inflammatory response than anticipated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ghait
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Husain
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Shivalee N Duduskar
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Rooney
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Göhrig
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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2
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Russo AJ, Vasudevan SO, Méndez-Huergo SP, Kumari P, Menoret A, Duduskar S, Wang C, Pérez Sáez JM, Fettis MM, Li C, Liu R, Wanchoo A, Chandiran K, Ruan J, Vanaja SK, Bauer M, Sponholz C, Hudalla GA, Vella AT, Zhou B, Deshmukh SD, Rabinovich GA, Rathinam VA. Intracellular immune sensing promotes inflammation via gasdermin D-driven release of a lectin alarmin. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:154-165. [PMID: 33398185 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory caspase sensing of cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers pyroptosis and the concurrent release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Collectively, DAMPs are key determinants that shape the aftermath of inflammatory cell death. However, the identity and function of the individual DAMPs released are poorly defined. Our proteomics study revealed that cytosolic LPS sensing triggered the release of galectin-1, a β-galactoside-binding lectin. Galectin-1 release is a common feature of inflammatory cell death, including necroptosis. In vivo studies using galectin-1-deficient mice, recombinant galectin-1 and galectin-1-neutralizing antibody showed that galectin-1 promotes inflammation and plays a detrimental role in LPS-induced lethality. Mechanistically, galectin-1 inhibition of CD45 (Ptprc) underlies its unfavorable role in endotoxin shock. Finally, we found increased galectin-1 in sera from human patients with sepsis. Overall, we uncovered galectin-1 as a bona fide DAMP released as a consequence of cytosolic LPS sensing, identifying a new outcome of inflammatory cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Russo
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Swathy O Vasudevan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Santiago P Méndez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shivalee Duduskar
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Juan M Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margaret M Fettis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Renjie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arun Wanchoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karthik Chandiran
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Michael Bauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Sponholz
- Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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3
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Stengel S, Quickert S, Lutz P, Ibidapo-Obe O, Steube A, Köse-Vogel N, Yarbakht M, Reuken PA, Busch M, Brandt A, Bergheim I, Deshmukh SD, Stallmach A, Bruns T. Peritoneal Level of CD206 Associates With Mortality and an Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1745-1761. [PMID: 31982413 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Peritoneal macrophages (PMs) regulate inflammation and control bacterial infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. We aimed to characterize PMs and associate their activation with outcomes of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). METHODS We isolated PMs from ascites samples of 66 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (19 with SBP) and analyzed them by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, functional analysis, and RNA microarrays. We used ascites samples of a separate cohort of 111 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (67 with SBP) and quantified the soluble form of the mannose receptor (CD206) and tumor necrosis factor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test cohort). We performed logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with 90-day mortality. We validated our findings using data from 71 patients with cirrhosis and SBP. Data from 14 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease but without cirrhosis were included as controls. RESULTS We used surface levels of CD206 to identify subsets of large PMs (LPM) and small PMs (SPM), which differed in granularity and maturation markers, in ascites samples from patients with cirrhosis. LPMs vs SPMs from patients with cirrhosis had different transcriptomes; we identified more than 4000 genes that were differentially regulated in LPMs vs SPMs, including those that regulate the cycle, metabolism, self-renewal, and immune cell signaling. LPMs had an inflammatory phenotype, were less susceptible to tolerance induction, and released more tumor necrosis factor than SPMs. LPMs from patients with cirrhosis produced more inflammatory cytokines than LPMs from controls. Activation of PMs by Toll-like receptor agonists and live bacteria altered levels of CD206 on the surface of LPMs and release of soluble CD206. Analysis of serial ascites fluid from patients with SBP revealed loss of LPMs in the early phase of SBP, but levels increased after treatment. In the test and validation cohorts, patients with SBP and higher concentrations of soluble CD206 in ascites fluid (>0.53 mg/L) were less likely to survive for 90 days than those with lower levels. CONCLUSIONS Surface level of CD206 can be used to identify mature, resident, inflammatory PMs in patients with cirrhosis. Soluble CD206 is released from activated LPMs and increased concentrations in patients with cirrhosis and SBP indicate reduced odds of surviving for 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quickert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oluwatomi Ibidapo-Obe
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Steube
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Nilay Köse-Vogel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Melina Yarbakht
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp A Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Jagtap P, Prasad P, Pateria A, Deshmukh SD, Gupta S. A Single Step in vitro Bioassay Mimicking TLR4-LPS Pathway and the Role of MD2 and CD14 Coreceptors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:5. [PMID: 32038655 PMCID: PMC6992608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute systemic Gram-negative bacterial infections are accompanied by release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins into the bloodstream and an innate immune host response via the well-known toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. In this, LPS associates non-covalently with TLR4 to form an activated heterodimer (LPS/MD2/TLR4)2 complex in vivo, assisted by a coreceptor CD14. This complexation process has been illustrated ex vivo using indirect methods such as cytokine, interleukin, TNF-α measurements and by direct demonstration of sequential binding events on a surface using advanced optics. We are the first ones to carry out homogeneous self-assembly of LPS-rTLR4-MD2 conjugates in vitro in a single step, and further demonstrate the role of CD14 as a catalyst during this process. The assay comprises of LPS, MD2, CD14, and recombinant TLR4-conjugated magnetic particles co-incubated in a buffer at room temperature. The complexes are removed by magnetic separation and the extent of binding is estimated by quantifying the unbound biomolecules in the supernatant using standard biophysical techniques. Our results show that rTLR4-MD2-LPS complexes form in an hour and follow a 1:1:1 stoichiometry, in agreement with the in vivo/ex vivo studies. The assay is also highly specific; addition of known LPS-binding ligands decreased the LPS-rTLR4 complexation, allowing its use as a rapid tool for molecular inhibitor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Jagtap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Puja Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Pateria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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5
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Russo AJ, Menoret A, Duduskar S, Rabinovich G, Deshmukh SD, Vella AT, Rathinam V. Noncanonical Inflammasome-Induced release of Alarmins during Sepsis. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.126.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by the immune system’s response to infection that results in excessive inflammation, organ damage and often death. In fact, sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units and is responsible for more than 250,000 deaths every year in the USA. Activation of inflammatory caspases, such as caspase-11 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, is a key mechanism of innate immune defense against infection. Intracellular sensing of LPS by caspase-11 results in pyroptosis, maturation of caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 and unconventional secretion of intracellular proteins that lack a leader sequence for conventional secretion via endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi route. These proteins can act as alarmins or damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to regulate the inflammatory response and therefore play an important role during infectious diseases. However, caspase-11-dependent release of alarmins and DAMPs following noncanonical inflammasome activation is poorly characterized. Using a proteomics approach involving ProteomeLab’s PF2D fractionation system followed by mass spectrometry, we have profiled several new alarmins released in a caspase-11 dependent manner following Gram-negative bacterial infection. By employing various mutant mice and cells, we have defined the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the release of a candidate alarmin as a consequence of noncanonical inflammasome activation in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, our in vivo studies demonstrate a critical role for this alarmin in LPS shock. Overall, these findings provide new insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for blocking the lethal inflammation in sepsis.
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6
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Herrtwich L, Nanda I, Evangelou K, Nikolova T, Horn V, Erny D, Stefanowski J, Rogell L, Klein C, Gharun K, Follo M, Seidl M, Kremer B, Münke N, Senges J, Fliegauf M, Aschman T, Pfeifer D, Sarrazin S, Sieweke MH, Wagner D, Dierks C, Haaf T, Ness T, Zaiss MM, Voll RE, Deshmukh SD, Prinz M, Goldmann T, Hölscher C, Hauser AE, Lopez-Contreras AJ, Grün D, Gorgoulis V, Diefenbach A, Henneke P, Triantafyllopoulou A. DNA Damage Signaling Instructs Polyploid Macrophage Fate in Granulomas. Cell 2018; 174:1325-1326. [PMID: 30142346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Seeley JJ, Baker RG, Mohamed G, Bruns T, Hayden MS, Deshmukh SD, Freedberg DE, Ghosh S. Induction of innate immune memory via microRNA targeting of chromatin remodelling factors. Nature 2018; 559:114-119. [PMID: 29950719 PMCID: PMC6044474 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to microbial products, e.g. lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
can induce a form of innate immune memory that blunts subsequent responses to
unrelated pathogens (“LPS tolerance”). Sepsis, which continues
to have a high mortality rate, is a dysregulated, systemic immune response to
disseminated infection. In some patients, this results in a period of
immunosuppression (“immunoparalysis”)1 with reduced inflammatory cytokine
output2, increased
secondary infection3, and
increased risk of organ failure and mortality4. LPS tolerance recapitulates several key features of
sepsis-associated immunosuppression5. Although various epigenetic changes have been observed in
tolerized macrophages6–8, the molecular basis for
tolerance, immunoparalysis, and other forms of innate immune memory has remained
unclear. Here, we performed a screen for tolerance-associated microRNAs (miRNAs)
and identified miR-221/222 as regulators of the functional reprogramming of
macrophages during LPS tolerization. Prolonged stimulation with LPS in mice
leads to Increased expression of miR-221/222, which regulates brahma-related
gene 1 (Brg1) causing transcriptional silencing of a subset of
inflammatory genes that depend on SWI/SNF- (SWItch/Sucrose
Non-Fermentable) and STAT- (signal transducer and activator of
transcription) mediated chromatin remodeling, and promotes tolerance. In sepsis
patients, increased miR-221/222 expression correlates with immunoparalysis and
increased organ damage. Hence our results show that specific microRNAs can
regulate macrophage tolerization and may serve as biomarkers of immunoparalysis
and poor prognosis in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Seeley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca G Baker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ghait Mohamed
- The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew S Hayden
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Section of Dermatology, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel E Freedberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Disease, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Herrtwich L, Nanda I, Evangelou K, Nikolova T, Horn V, Sagar, Erny D, Stefanowski J, Rogell L, Klein C, Gharun K, Follo M, Seidl M, Kremer B, Münke N, Senges J, Fliegauf M, Aschman T, Pfeifer D, Sarrazin S, Sieweke MH, Wagner D, Dierks C, Haaf T, Ness T, Zaiss MM, Voll RE, Deshmukh SD, Prinz M, Goldmann T, Hölscher C, Hauser AE, Lopez-Contreras AJ, Grün D, Gorgoulis V, Diefenbach A, Henneke P, Triantafyllopoulou A. DNA Damage Signaling Instructs Polyploid Macrophage Fate in Granulomas. Cell 2016; 167:1264-1280.e18. [PMID: 28084216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Granulomas are immune cell aggregates formed in response to persistent inflammatory stimuli. Granuloma macrophage subsets are diverse and carry varying copy numbers of their genomic information. The molecular programs that control the differentiation of such macrophage populations in response to a chronic stimulus, though critical for disease outcome, have not been defined. Here, we delineate a macrophage differentiation pathway by which a persistent Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 signal instructs polyploid macrophage fate by inducing replication stress and activating the DNA damage response. Polyploid granuloma-resident macrophages formed via modified cell divisions and mitotic defects and not, as previously thought, by cell-to-cell fusion. TLR2 signaling promoted macrophage polyploidy and suppressed genomic instability by regulating Myc and ATR. We propose that, in the presence of persistent inflammatory stimuli, pathways previously linked to oncogene-initiated carcinogenesis instruct a long-lived granuloma-resident macrophage differentiation program that regulates granulomatous tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Herrtwich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Indrajit Nanda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Teodora Nikolova
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Veronika Horn
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Stefanowski
- Immune Dynamics, Charité Universitätsmedizin and Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Rogell
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Mainz Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudius Klein
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kourosh Gharun
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kremer
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Münke
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Senges
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Fliegauf
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tom Aschman
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael H Sieweke
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille, France; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Wagner
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dierks
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ness
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Department of Pathology, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Campus Lübeck and Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Division of Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Inflammation at Interfaces (Borstel-Kiel-Lübeck-Plön), 24118 Kiel, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Immune Dynamics, Charité Universitätsmedizin and Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres J Lopez-Contreras
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dominic Grün
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4QL, UK; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Department of Pathophysiology School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Mainz Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antigoni Triantafyllopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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9
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Gulati HK, Joshi AR, Anand M, Deshmukh SD. Non psammomatous melanocytic schwannoma presenting as a subcutaneous nodule: A rare presentation of a rare lesion. Asian J Neurosurg 2016; 11:317-8. [PMID: 27366278 PMCID: PMC4849320 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.148789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic schwannoma (MS) is an extremely rare soft tissue tumor accounting for less than 1% of all primitive nerve sheath tumors, with a predilection for spinal nerve involvement. To date, only 20 cases of cutaneous/subcutaneous MS have been described in literature. Here, we describe a case of MS presenting as a subcutaneous nodule in a 22-year-old male in right thigh. On examination, the nodule measured 2.5 × 2.0 × 1.5 cm with overlying skin showing a bluish hue and an ulcer. With a preoperative diagnosis of hemangioma, the patient was taken up for wide local excision and was diagnosed as a case of non psammomatous melanocytic schwannoma based on clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical studies. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity with S-100, HMB-45, and Melan A with pericellular Laminin positivity. Carney's syndrome was ruled out. MS needs to be differentiated from other pigmented lesions like pigmented neurofibroma, Bednar tumor, cellular blue neavus, and especially malignant melanoma, which has an obvious ominous prognosis. Since MS can show unpredictable behavior especially in absence of overt malignant features, a long term follow up with or without radiotherapy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harveen Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash R Joshi
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mani Anand
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S D Deshmukh
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Vanaja SK, Russo AJ, Behl B, Banerjee I, Yankova M, Deshmukh SD, Rathinam VAK. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Mediate Cytosolic Localization of LPS and Caspase-11 Activation. Cell 2016; 165:1106-1119. [PMID: 27156449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cytosol triggers caspase-11 activation and is central to host defense against Gram-negative bacterial infections and to the pathogenesis of sepsis. Most Gram-negative bacteria that activate caspase-11, however, are not cytosolic, and the mechanism by which LPS from these bacteria gains access to caspase-11 in the cytosol remains elusive. Here, we identify outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria as a vehicle that delivers LPS into the cytosol triggering caspase-11-dependent effector responses in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are internalized via endocytosis, and LPS is released into the cytosol from early endosomes. The use of hypovesiculating bacterial mutants, compromised in their ability to generate OMVs, reveals the importance of OMVs in mediating the cytosolic localization of LPS. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a critical role for OMVs in enabling the cytosolic entry of LPS and, consequently, caspase-11 activation during Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ashley J Russo
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Bharat Behl
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ishita Banerjee
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Maya Yankova
- Central Electron Microscopy Facility, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Vijay A K Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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11
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Kolter J, Feuerstein R, Spoeri E, Gharun K, Elling R, Trieu-Cuot P, Goldmann T, Waskow C, Chen ZJ, Kirschning CJ, Deshmukh SD, Henneke P. Streptococci Engage TLR13 on Myeloid Cells in a Site-Specific Fashion. J Immunol 2016; 196:2733-41. [PMID: 26873993 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Streptococci are common human colonizers with a species-specific mucocutaneous distribution. At the same time, they are among the most important and most virulent invasive bacterial pathogens. Thus, site-specific cellular innate immunity, which is predominantly executed by resident and invading myeloid cells, has to be adapted with respect to streptococcal sensing, handling, and response. In this article, we show that TLR13 is the critical mouse macrophage (MΦ) receptor in the response to group B Streptococcus, both in bone marrow-derived MΦs and in mature tissue MΦs, such as those residing in the lamina propria of the colon and the dermis, as well as in microglia. In contrast, TLR13 and its chaperone UNC-93B are dispensable for a potent cytokine response of blood monocytes to group B Streptococcus, although monocytes serve as the key progenitors of intestinal and dermal MΦs. Furthermore, a specific role for TLR13 with respect to MΦ function is supported by the response to staphylococci, where TLR13 and UNC-93B limit the cytokine response in bone marrow-derived MΦs and microglia, but not in dermal MΦs. In summary, TLR13 is a critical and site-specific receptor in the single MΦ response to β-hemolytic streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kolter
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evelyne Spoeri
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kourosh Gharun
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Institute Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, CNRS ERL3526, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Tobias Goldmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models of Hematopoiesis, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhijian J Chen
- Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Carsten J Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Center, University of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Medical Center, University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; and
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Elling R, Keller B, Weidinger C, Häffner M, Deshmukh SD, Zee I, Speckmann C, Ehl S, Schwarz K, Feske S, Henneke P. Preserved effector functions of human ORAI1- and STIM1-deficient neutrophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1587-1591.e7. [PMID: 26670474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Elling
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass.
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Monika Häffner
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Zee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen and Institute for Transfusion Medicine University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Gaopande VL, Deshmukh SD, Shinde VC. Primary mantle cell lymphoma of appendix. Gulf J Oncolog 2015; 1:25-27. [PMID: 26003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of immunohistochemically proven primary mantle cell lymphoma of appendix that presented as a mass in right iliac fossa. The usual presentation of gastrointestinal mantle cell lymphoma is in the form of multiple lymphomatous polyposis. Mantle cell lymphoma has a unique immunohistochemistry and genetic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Gaopande
- Department of Pathology, Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S D Deshmukh
- Department of Pathology, Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - V C Shinde
- Department of Surgery, Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Gaopande V, Kulkarni M, Deshmukh SD, Rangankar V. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst in tibia. J Orthop Allied Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/2319-2585.152143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Gulati HK, Anand M, Gaopande V, Deshmukh SD. Psuedo Chediak Higashi anomaly in case of hypogranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML-M3v): A morphologic enigma. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:396-397. [PMID: 25494163 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.146781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H K Gulati
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Müller S, Faulhaber A, Sieber C, Pfeifer D, Hochberg T, Gansz M, Deshmukh SD, Dauth S, Brix K, Saftig P, Peters C, Henneke P, Reinheckel T. The endolysosomal cysteine cathepsins L and K are involved in macrophage-mediated clearance of Staphylococcus aureus and the concomitant cytokine induction. FASEB J 2013; 28:162-75. [PMID: 24036885 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are endolysosomal cysteine proteases highly expressed in macrophages; however, their individual contributions to the elimination of bacteria and bacteria-induced cytokine production by macrophages are unknown. We assessed the contribution of cysteine cathepsins to macrophage defense pathways against Staphylococcus aureus by using chemical inhibitors and by infecting primary bone marrow-derived macrophages deficient in 1 of 7 major macrophage-expressed endolysosomal cysteine proteases. We show that cysteine cathepsins are involved in the phagocytosis and killing of S. aureus. Cathepsin L was identified as an executor of nonoxidative killing. Moreover, microarray data revealed cysteine cathepsins to be important for the maximal induction of certain proinflammatory genes, such as IL6, in response to S. aureus. Cysteine cathepsin's contribution to IL6 production was dependent on phagocytosis, and cathepsin K was identified to be a critical protease in this process. Analysis of macrophages with impaired trafficking of endolysosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to the acidic compartment revealed that they were not involved in cathepsin-dependent IL6 induction. Because IL6 production was completely dependent on the TLR-adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), it appears that other TLRs are involved. In summary, lysosomal cysteine proteases are functionally linked to the complex bactericidal and inflammatory activities of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Müller
- 1Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Stefan-Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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18
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Kenzel S, Mergen M, von Süßkind-Schwendi J, Wennekamp J, Deshmukh SD, Haeffner M, Triantafyllopoulou A, Fuchs S, Farmand S, Santos-Sierra S, Seufert J, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW, Henneke P. Insulin modulates the inflammatory granulocyte response to streptococci via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Immunol 2012; 189:4582-91. [PMID: 23018458 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Group B streptococci (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) are a major cause of invasive infections in newborn infants and in patients with type 2 diabetes. Both patient groups exhibit peripheral insulin resistance and alterations in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PML) function. In this investigation, we studied the PML response repertoire to GBS with a focus on TLR signaling and the modulation of this response by insulin in mice and humans. We found that GBS-induced, MyD88-dependent chemokine formation of PML was specifically downmodulated by insulin via insulin receptor-mediated induction of PI3K. PI3K inhibited transcription of chemokine genes on the level of NF-κB activation and binding. Insulin specifically modulated the chemokine response of PML to whole bacteria, but affected neither activation by purified TLR agonists nor antimicrobial properties, such as migration, phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and formation of reactive oxygen species. The targeted modulation of bacteria-induced chemokine formation by insulin via PI3K may form a basis for the development of novel targets of adjunctive sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Kenzel
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Deshmukh SD, Gaopande VL, Pande DP, Pathak GS, Kulkarni BK. Carcinosarcoma of renal pelvis with immunohistochemical correlation. Gulf J Oncolog 2012:65-69. [PMID: 22773219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carcinosarcoma, a malignant tumor with biphasic morphology is uncommon in the renal pelvis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays an important role in establishing the diagnosis and differentiating it from other biphasic malignant tumors. We present a rare case of immunohistologically confirmed carcinosarcoma of renal pelvis in a 42-year old female, which possibly developed on a background of multicentric squamous cell carcinoma arising as a consequence of chronic irritation caused by calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Deshmukh
- Department of Pathology, Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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20
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Mhatre SE, Deshmukh SD, Thaokar RM. Stability of a charged drop near a conductor wall. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2012; 35:39. [PMID: 22644134 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2012-12039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of conductor boundaries on the deformation and stability of a charged drop is presented. The motivation for such a study is the occurrence of a charged conductor drop near a conductor wall in experiments (Millikan-like set-up in studies on Rayleigh break-up) and applications (such as electrospraying, ink-jet printing and ion mass spectroscopy). In the present work, analytical (linear stability analysis (LSA)) and numerical methods (boundary element method (BEM)) are used to understand the instability. Two kinds of boundaries are studied: a spherical, conducting, grounded enclosure (similar to a spherical capacitor) and a planar conducting wall. The LSA of a charged drop placed at the center of a spherical cavity shows that the Rayleigh critical charge (corresponding to the most unstable l = 2 Legendre mode) is reduced as the non-dimensional distance ̂d = (b - a)/a decreases, where a and b are the radii of the drop and spherical cavity, respectively. The critical charge is independent of the assumptions of constant charge or constant potential conditions. The trans-critical bifurcation diagram, constructed using BEM, shows that the prolate shapes are subcritically unstable over a much wider range of charge as [Formula: see text] decreases. The study is then extended to the stability of a charged conductor drop near a flat conductor wall. Analytical theory for this case is difficult and the stability as well as the bifurcation diagram are constructed using BEM. Moreover, the induced charges in the conductor wall lead to attraction of the drop to the wall, thereby making it difficult to conduct a systematic analysis. The drop is therefore assumed to be held at its position by an external force such as the electric field. The case when the applied field is much smaller than the field due to inherent charge on the drop ((a(3)ρg)/(3ε(0)Ψ(2)) ≪ 1 is considered. The wall breaks the fore-aft symmetry in the problem, and equilibrium, predominantly prolate shapes corresponding to the legendre mode, l = 2 , are observed. The deformation increases with increasing charge on the drop. The breakup of the prolate equilibrium shapes is independent of the legendre modes of the initial perturbations. The prolate perturbations are subcritically unstable. Since the equilibrium prolate shapes cannot continuously exchange instability with equilibrium oblate shapes, an imperfect transcritical bifurcation is observed. A variety of highly deformed equilibrium oblate shapes are predicted by the BEM calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Mhatre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400 076 Mumbai, India
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21
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Gulati HK, Deshmukh SD, Anand M, Morale V, Pande DP, Jadhav SE. Low-grade malignant proliferating pilar tumor simulating a squamous-cell carcinoma in an elderly female: a case report and immunohistochemical study. Int J Trichology 2012; 3:98-101. [PMID: 22223970 PMCID: PMC3250030 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.90818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 65-year-old lady presented with an ulcerated lesion over the occipital region of nine-year duration, an incisional biopsy of which was reported as squamous-cell carcinoma. A wide local excision was performed and the tissue was sent for histopathological examination which revealed a low-grade malignant pilar tumor. Focal invasion and atypia were noted. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed positivity for CD34 and calretinin immunomarkers favoring outer root sheath origin. Ki67 immunostains revealed a relatively low immunoreactivity indicating the low-grade nature of the tumor; however, p53 immunostain showed strong diffuse nuclear staining confirming the malignant nature of the tumor. Proliferating pilartumors (PPT) are rare tumors and less than 100 well-documented cases of malignant PPT have been reported so far in the literature. These tumors have been recently classified into benign, low- and high-grade malignant tumors and statistically significant difference was found in their biological behavior. However, we propose that IHC can be of immense value in assisting the subtyping of the tumor, so that the behavior and role of adjuvant therapy can be validated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harveen Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College & General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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22
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Deshmukh SD, Müller S, Hese K, Rauch KS, Wennekamp J, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Golenbock DT, Henneke P. NO is a macrophage autonomous modifier of the cytokine response to streptococcal single-stranded RNA. J Immunol 2011; 188:774-80. [PMID: 22184724 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Group B streptococci, a major cause of sepsis, induce inflammatory cytokines in strict dependence on bacterial ssRNA and the host molecules MyD88 and UNC-93B. In this study, we show that NO plays an important role in Group B streptococci-induced transcriptional activation of cytokine genes. Phagocytosis induced NO in a MyD88-dependent fashion. In turn, NO propagated the acidification of phagosomes and the processing of phagosomal bacterial nucleic acids and was required for potent transcriptional activation of cytokine genes by streptococci. This NO-dependent amplification loop has important mechanistic implications for the anti-streptococcal macrophage response and sepsis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin D Deshmukh
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Ashturkar AV, Pathak GS, Deshmukh SD, Neve RS. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of kidney with tumor thrombus extending up to right atrium. Indian J Cancer 2011; 48:274-6. [PMID: 21768691 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.82906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Babanagare
- Department of Pathology, Shrimati Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, India.
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25
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Anand M, Deshmukh SD, Naik A, Gaopande V. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in an adolescent: an unusual presentation with pleural effusion and pneumatocele. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2011; 53:173-176. [PMID: 21838200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) encompasses a continuum of hamartomatous cystic lung lesions characterised by the presence of abnormal bronchiolar structures of varying sizes or distribution. The CCAM is a disorder of infancy with majority of the cases being diagnosed within the first two years of life. We describe CCAM in a 13-year-old girl complaining of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections since infancy who presented with post-infectious pneumatocele with loculated pleural effusion, and suspected abscess formation and had undergone resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Anand
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Deshmukh SD, Kremer B, Freudenberg M, Bauer S, Golenbock DT, Henneke P. Macrophages recognize streptococci through bacterial single-stranded RNA. EMBO Rep 2010; 12:71-6. [PMID: 21164516 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2010.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of both neonatal sepsis and meningitis, two diseases that are characterized by inflammation. However, the manner in which GBS organisms are recognized by monocytes and macrophages is poorly understood. In this study, we report that the recognition of GBS and other Gram-positive bacteria by macrophages and monocytes relies on bacterial single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). ssRNA interacts with a signalling complex, which comprises the Toll-like receptor adaptors MyD88 and UNC-93B, but not the established MyD88-dependent ssRNA sensors. The role of ssRNA in the recognition of Gram-positive bacteria--leading to the induction of inflammatory cytokines--has potential implications for sepsis pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin D Deshmukh
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Centre, University Freiburg, Breisacherstrasse 117, Freiburg 79106, Germany
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Szego A, Enünlü N, Deshmukh SD, Veliceasa D, Hunyadi-Gulyás E, Kühne T, Ilyés P, Potyondi L, Medzihradszky K, Lukács N. The genome of Beet cryptic virus 1 shows high homology to certain cryptoviruses present in phylogenetically distant hosts. Virus Genes 2010; 40:267-76. [PMID: 20058060 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study determined the complete nucleotide sequence of Beet cryptic virus 1 (BCV1). As expected by analogy to previously sequenced alphacryptoviruses, dsRNA1 (2008 bp) encodes a 72.5-kDa protein containing sequence motifs characteristic for RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp). In addition to the full-length dsRNA1, a truncated form was also detected in dsRNA extracts. dsRNA2 (1783 bp) codes for the viral coat protein (CP) as proven by the identity of the predicted CP sequence to peptide sequences of the purified virion protein. The amino acid sequence of BCV1 RdRp as well as the 5'- and 3'-UTRs show 81-85% identity to the corresponding regions of Vicia cryptic virus (VCV), White clover cryptic virus 1 (WCCV1) and Carrot cryptic virus (CaCV). The amino acid sequence identity of the CP is about 55-62%, moreover, a strong conservation of predicted alpha-helical regions was observed. The high degree of similarity of these seed- and pollen-transmitted viruses persisting in phylogenetically distant hosts, together with their high similarity to fungal partitiviruses strongly supports the hypothesis that horizontal transfer by a fungus played a role in the emergence of the present cryptovirus species. The change in the distribution of cryptic viruses may also be due to human influence: While earlier BCV1 occurred frequently in sugar beet cultivars, it is very rare in cultivars currently used in agricultural practice and was detected in only one of the 28 cultivars investigated in our experiments. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11262-009-0432-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Szego
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Biochemistry, Corvinus University of Budapest, Ménesi út 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Santos-Sierra S, Deshmukh SD, Kalnitski J, Küenzi P, Wymann MP, Golenbock DT, Henneke P. Mal connects TLR2 to PI3Kinase activation and phagocyte polarization. EMBO J 2009; 28:2018-27. [PMID: 19574958 PMCID: PMC2718282 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of bacterial lipoproteins by toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 is pivotal for inflammation initiation and control in many bacterial infections. TLR2-dependent signalling is currently believed to essentially require both adaptor proteins MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88) and Mal/TIRAP (MyD88-adapter-like/TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein). TLR2-dependent, but MyD88-independent responses have not been described yet. We report here on a novel-signalling pathway downstream of TLR2, which does not adhere to the established model. On stimulation of the TLR2/6 heterodimer with diacylated bacterial lipoproteins, Mal directly interacts with the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p85alpha, in an inducible fashion. The Mal-p85alpha interaction drives PI3K-dependent phosphorylation of Akt, phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)P3 (PIP(3)) generation and macrophage polarization. MyD88 is not essential for PI3K activation and Akt phosphorylation; however, cooperates with Mal for PIP(3) formation and accumulation at the leading edge. In contrast to TLR2/6, TLR2/1 does not require Mal or MyD88 for Akt phosphorylation. Hence, Mal specifically connects TLR2/6 to PI3K activation, PIP(3) generation and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santos-Sierra
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S D Deshmukh
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Kalnitski
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Küenzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M P Wymann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D T Golenbock
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Waller F, Mukherjee K, Deshmukh SD, Achatz B, Sharma M, Schäfer P, Kogel KH. Systemic and local modulation of plant responses by Piriformospora indica and related Sebacinales species. J Plant Physiol 2008; 165:60-70. [PMID: 18031866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Piriformospora indica is a fungus of the order Sebacinales (Basidiomycota) infesting roots of mono- and dicotyledonous plants. Endophytic fungal colonization leads to enhanced plant growth while host cell death is required for proliferation in differentiated root tissue to form a mutualistic interaction. Colonization of barley roots by P. indica and related Sebacina vermifera strains also leads to systemic resistance against the leaf pathogenic fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei due to a yet unknown mechanism of induced resistance. In order to elucidate plant response pathways governed by these root endophytes, we analyzed gene expression in barley plants exhibiting an established symbiosis with P. indica 3 weeks after inoculation. P. indica-colonized roots showed no induction of defence-related genes, while other genes showed a differential regulation pattern indicating a faster P. indica-dependent root development. Gene expression analysis of leaves detected only few systemically induced mRNAs. Among differentially regulated transcripts, we characterized the pathogenesis-related gene HvPr17b and the molecular chaperone HvHsp70 in more detail. HvPr17b shows similarity with TaWCI5, a wheat gene inducible by chemical resistance inducers and salicylate, and was previously proven to exhibit antifungal activity against B. graminis. HvHsp70 is the first gene found to systemically indicate root colonization with endophytic fungi of the order Sebacinales. Both genes are discussed as markers for endophytic colonization and resulting systemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Waller
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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30
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Satpute NS, Deshmukh SD, Rao NGV, Tikar SN, Moharil MP, Nimbalkar SA. Temperature-dependent variation in toxicity of insecticides against Earias vitella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Econ Entomol 2007; 100:357-60. [PMID: 17461058 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[357:tvitoi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids was found to be negatively correlated with temperature, whereas contrasting correlation was observed with the toxicity of organophosphorous compounds chlorpyriphos and quinalphos, which was most toxic at higher temperature. A similar phenomenon was observed in endosulfan at higher temperature and humidity combination. The insecticide molecules indoxacarb and spinosad were effective among the insecticides tested. Indoxacarb was effective at lower temperature, and spinosad was effective at all the temperature and relative humidity combinations with minor difference in LD50 values. During both the years, however, the levels of resistance were higher in second year compared with previous year.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Satpute
- Insect Biotech Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, 444 104, India.
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31
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Veliceasa D, Enünlü N, Kós PB, Köster S, Beuther E, Morgun B, Deshmukh SD, Lukács N. Searching for a new putative cryptic virus in Pinus sylvestris L. Virus Genes 2006; 32:177-86. [PMID: 16604450 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-005-6874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were detected in different pine populations in Germany and Hungary. Two dsRNA species of 1.5 and 1.58 kbp, respectively, persisted in the same trees for at least 2 years and their presence was not associated with any symptoms. The dsRNAs were found to sediment in the VLP (virus-like particles) fraction and to be protected by protein(s) against RNase A digestion at low salt. cDNA cloning and sequencing of the smaller segment (dsRNA2) led to the identification of a putative RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) containing the GDD, as well as three other, conserved motifs. Sequence comparison with different RNA viruses and phylogenetic analysis indicates that the putative RdRp from pine shows highest similarity to the homologous proteins of Beet cryptic virus 3 and of a cryptic virus of Pyrus pyrifolia. On the basis of these results we suggest that the 1.5 and 1.58 kbp dsRNAs in P. sylvestris may represent the genomic segments of a new plant cryptic virus, Cryptoviruses have not yet been reported to occur in Gymnosperms.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Pinus sylvestris/genetics
- Pinus sylvestris/virology
- Plant Viruses/classification
- Plant Viruses/genetics
- Plant Viruses/isolation & purification
- RNA Viruses/classification
- RNA Viruses/genetics
- RNA Viruses/isolation & purification
- RNA, Double-Stranded/analysis
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/chemistry
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Veliceasa
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
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32
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Khandekar MM, Kavatkar AN, Patankar SA, Bagwan IB, Puranik SC, Deshmukh SD. FNAC of salivary gland lesions with histopathological correlation. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006; 58:246-8. [PMID: 23120304 PMCID: PMC3450424 DOI: 10.1007/bf03050831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Analysis of salivary gland lesions by FNAC and correlation with histopathology. To evaluate utility of FNAC in salivary gland lesions.Back ground: Salivary gland lesions form about 2-6.5% of all head and neck neoplasms in adults. They are easily accessible for FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) and risks of fistula formation or tumour implantation are low compared surgical biopsy. Also, cytology can provide a distinction between asalivary and non salivary lesion, benign and malignant lesions so also specific and non specific inflammation. METHODS Seventy patients were studied prospectively over two years. FNAC was done using 10 cc syringes and 20-22 no. needle. Histomorphology was assessed on routine H & E (haemotxylin and eosin) stained paraffin sections. SPAS (periodic acid Schiff) and mucicarmine satins were also done. RESULTS 80% of the lesions were neoplastic (61% benign, 31% malignant) and 20% were neoplastic. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent benign neoplasm while mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant lesion. Among the non neoplastic lesions, the maximum number of cases were of chronic sialadentis. In the present study, FNAC has a sensitivity of 94.54% and specificity of 80.95% for neoplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS FNAC was found to be a useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions because of its simplicity, excellent patient compliance and rapid diagnosis. This cost effective tool is invaluable in planning the surgical management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khandekar
- Department of Pathology, B.J. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune
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33
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Morgun B, Richter A, Deshmukh SD, Stepanyuk V, Kálai K, Nagy G, Hufnagel L, Lukács N. Targeting dsRNA-specific single-chain Fv antibody fragments to different cellular locations in Nicotiana tabacum L. Acta Biol Hung 2006; 57:247-59. [PMID: 16841475 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.57.2006.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of antibodies or antibody fragments in plants is a useful tool for producing active antibody derivatives for diagnostic or pharmaceutical purposes as well as for immunomodulation. We investigated the effect of cellular expression site on the stability and yield of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific single-chain Fv-fragments (scFv) in transgenic tobacco. Two antibodies (J2 and P6) belonging to the V23(J558) heavy chain variable gene family but differing in the light chain variable domain were used. scFvs were targeted to the cytoplasm - with or without anchoring them in the plasma membrane -, into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to the apoplast. Although high mRNA concentrations were detected in all cases, scFv proteins accumulated only when scFvs were made ER-resident by appropriate signal sequences. When the ER retention signal was removed to allow scFv-secretion to the apoplast, no scFv-proteins were detected. Despite the strong homology of the VH-sequences of J2 and P6 antibodies, only P6 provided a stable scFv scaffold for intracytoplasmic expression. J2-scFv could not be stabilised either by adding a C-terminal stabilisation signal or by anchoring the protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane (PM). It was found that dsRNA-specific J2-scFvs are active in vivo and enhance Potato Virus Y induced symptoms in infected tobacco. This is the first report describing the expression and biological effect of RNA-specific antibodies in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Morgun
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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34
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Khandekar MM, Khurana AS, Deshmukh SD, Kakrani AL, Katdare AD, Inamdar AK. Platelet volume indices in patients with coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction: an Indian scenario. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:146-9. [PMID: 16443728 PMCID: PMC1860313 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.025387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study platelet volume indices (PVI) in the spectrum of ischaemic heart diseases. METHODS A total of 210 cases were studied; 94 patients had unstable angina (UA) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosed on the basis of history, characteristic electrocardiographic changes, and increased cardiac enzyme activities. Seventy patients had stable coronary artery disease (stable CAD) or were admitted for a coronary angiography or coronary artery bypass graft procedure. The third group comprised 30 age and sex matched healthy controls with no history of heart disease and a normal electrocardiogram. RESULTS All PVI-mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR)-were significantly raised in patients with AMI and UA (mean MPV, 10.43 (SD, 1.03) fL; mean PDW, 13.19 (SD, 2.34) fL; mean P-LCR, 29.4% (SD, 7.38%)) compared with those with stable CAD (mean MPV, 9.37 (SD, 0.99) fL; mean PDW, 11.35 (SD, 1.95) fL; mean P-LCR, 22.55% (SD, 6.65%)) and the control group (mean MPV, 9.2 (SD, 0.91) fL; mean PDW, 10.75 (SD, l.42) fL; mean P-LCR, 20.65% (SD, 6.14%)). CONCLUSIONS Larger platelets are haemostatically more active and are a risk factor for developing coronary thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction. Patients with larger platelets can easily be identified during routine haematological analysis and could possibly benefit from preventive treatment. Thus, PVI are an important, simple, effortless, and cost effective tool that should be used and explored extensively, especially in countries such as India, for predicting the possibility of impending acute events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khandekar
- Department of Pathology, B J Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, 411001, India.
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35
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Khandekar MM, Deshmukh SD, Holla VV, Rane SR, Kakrani AL, Sangale SA, Habbu AA, Pandit DP, Bhore AV, Sastry J, Phadke MA, Bollinger RC. Profile of bone marrow examination in HIV/AIDS patients to detect opportunistic infections, especially tuberculosis. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2005; 48:7-12. [PMID: 16758774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological evaluation of 140 bone marrow aspirations received in haematopathology laboratory with serologically established HIV infection, along with other relevant special haematological tests, was done during 1st Jan 1999 - 31st Dec 2002 at state government run tertiary care General Hospital in Maharashtra state, India. Out of 140 cases: 118 (84.28%) patients had anaemia, 25 (17.86%) had leukopenia, while 13 (9.28%) were thrombocytopenic. Dyserythropoiesis was present in 18 (12.86%) cases, dysmyelopoiesis 37 (26.43%) and micromegakaryocytes were noted in 44 (31.43%) cases. Haemophagocytosis was evident in 8 (5.71%) cases. Plasmacytosis encountered in 120 (85.71%) cases was a common feature. Based on clinical profile and results of other investigations 56 (40%) patients were clinically diagnosed to be of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). Of these, 18 (12.86%) bone marrow aspirates were positive for AFB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 4 cases cryptococci were demonstrated (Mucicarmine stain). There was one case each of Histoplasma capsulatum and leishmaniasis. One patient showed dense parasitemia with Plasmodium falciparum. One patient had immunoblastic lymphoma and showed bone marrow infiltration. Findings in this study strongly indicate that in HIV/AIDS, AFB stain should be done on each marrow aspirate to rule out tuberculosis in countries like India; where TB and AIDS are marching together.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khandekar
- Department of Pathology, B. J. Medical College, Pune, India.
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36
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Bagwan IN, Khandekar MM, Kadam P, Jadhav MV, Deshmukh SD. A study of mast cells in granulomatous lesions of skin, with special emphasis on leprosy. Indian J Lepr 2004; 76:31-7. [PMID: 15527057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
76 skin biopsies that included material from 7 controls, 65 granulomatous skin lesions and 2 each of granulation tissue and chronic non-specific inflammation, were subjected to histopathological evaluation on haematoxylin and eosin and pertinent special stains. Mast cell study was done on slides stained by toluidine blue method, with special reference to their location, and morphology and cell count were done with the help of occculomicrometre. In normal skin, mast cell density was 11.43/mm2 with a range of 6-22/mm2 and an S.D. of 5.94. Highest value in the whole series was seen in TVC (66/mm2), followed by lupus vulgaris (50/mm2). Mast cell counts were normal in indeterminate and TT leprosy and showed a rise over the immunological spectrum BT to LL, with values in LL being 32.86/mm2 (28-40/mm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Bagwan
- Department of Pathology, B.J. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Station Road, Pune 411 001, India.
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37
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Sahasrabudhe NS, Jadhav MV, Deshmukh SD, Holla VV. Pathology of Toxoplasma myocarditis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2003; 46:649-51. [PMID: 15025367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Involvement of the myocardium by Toxoplasma gondii is seen in patients of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), mostly in association with toxoplasma encephalitis. Only few patients die as a direct result of cardiac dysfunction. Clinico-pathological findings of three cases of toxoplasma myocarditis are reported, one of which presented and died due to massive pericardial effusion. All cases showed diffuse myocarditis with parasites on histopathological examination. Incidence of toxoplasma myocarditis in patients dying with AIDS was 8.3% (3 out of 36 cases).
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain an insight into the underlying disorder or pathologies in different organs or systems, and to attempt clinicopathologic correlation in maternal deaths. METHODS This is a retrospective study of 95 maternal autopsies done from 1993 to 2000 in Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, India. External examination, in situ examination, gross and microscopic examination was done in each case. The cause of death was arrived at after reviewing clinical details, available investigations, morphological findings, and clinicopathologic correlation. RESULTS Ninety-five (45.02%) out of 211 maternal deaths were autopsied. Out of 95, there were 47 (49.5%) direct obstetric deaths, and 33 (34.7%) indirect obstetric deaths. Fifteen (15.8%) deaths were unrelated to pregnancy, 14 of which were due to infections. CONCLUSIONS Hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy (24.2%) and anemia (14.7%) were most common. In the hypertensive group, important findings were disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhages in different organs and thromboemboli. Two cases were HIV seropositive. The autopsy helped to elucidate factors contributing to death and pathology in different organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Kavatkar
- Department of Pathology, B.J. Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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39
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Rane SR, Jayaraman A, Puranik SC, Deshmukh SD, Bapat VM. Entomopthoromycosis--report of four cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2002; 68:296-7. [PMID: 17656977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Entomopthoromycosis is a rare subcutaneous infection and manifests in two clinically distinct forms. Subcutaneous zygomycosis which manifests as a painless nodule on the trunk or the extremities and rhinofacial zygomycosis which is a locally progressive infection of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and soft tissues of the face. Neither of these two forms occur in patients with underlying disease or defective immunity. Here we report four cases of entomopthoromycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda R Rane
- Department of Pathology, BJ Medical College, Pune, India.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood autopsies occurring during January 1997 to December 1999 were reviewed. METHOD Of the total 1,445 deaths autopsied, 441 (30.5%) were of pediatric patients. RESULT Of these deaths, 70.3% occurred during neonatal period, 8.6% in infancy, and 21.1% in childhood. Birth asphyxia (57.7%) was the most frequent mode of death in the neonatal period. Infections (67.2%) predominantly accounted for infant and childhood mortality, those of respiratory tract (46.1%) being most frequent in infancy, early and mid childhood, and enteric fever in late childhood (33.3%). Discrepancy between ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis occurred in 29 cases (6.6%). CONCLUSION Autopsy is an important clinical tool providing useful information to the physician. Few published reports are available on pediatric autopsies. This study aims to help in a better understanding of causes of deaths in neonates, infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Dalal
- Department of Pathology, B.J. Medical College, Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India.
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41
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Rane SR, Deshmukh SD, Bapat VM. Amyloid (spheroid) deposits in pituitary adenoma presenting as Cushing disease--a case report. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2001; 44:345-6. [PMID: 12024930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A rare case of pituitary adenoma with spheroid amyloid deposits encountered in a 40 year old male is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Rane
- Department of Pathology, B. J. Medical College & Sassoon General Hospital, Pune
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42
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Sonavane VS, Rane SR, Bapat VM, Deshmukh SD. Niemann Pick disease--a case report. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2001; 44:67-8. [PMID: 12562003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann Pick disease is a rare disorder occuring in paediatric age group. The clinical features, hematological characteristics and autopsy findings in an one year old male diagnosed to have Niemann Pick disease are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Sonavane
- Department of Pathology, BJ Medical College, Pune
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Deshmukh SD, Thakar PG. Fluorescence in pigmented basal cell carcinoma caused by formaldehyde. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42:1002. [PMID: 2794072 PMCID: PMC501807 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.42.9.1002-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Jadhav MV, Deshmukh SD, Karandikar JV, Agrawal RV. Congenital leukemia. Indian Pediatr 1988; 25:101-2. [PMID: 3220519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Holla VV, Zawar PB, Deshmukh SD, Sardar SS. Leproma of heart--a case report. Indian Heart J 1983; 35:111-3. [PMID: 6347872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Deshmukh SD, Kolhatkar MK, Holla VV, Deshpande MS. Vascular tumours of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1982; 25:221-4. [PMID: 7152580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Deshmukh SD, Kolhatkar MK. Ossifying fibroma, osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma involving maxillary sinus--a report of 4 cases. Indian J Med Sci 1982; 36:97-100. [PMID: 6962172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Muley PR, Deshmukh SD, Kolhatkar MK, Deshmukh VC. Yolk sac tumour of testis (A report of 7 cases and review of literature). INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1982; 25:81-4. [PMID: 7106913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Kolhatkar MK, Deshmukh SD, Kulkarni VB, Das RN, Deshmukh NG. Solitary fibrous mesothelioma of the mesentery. Indian J Cancer 1979; 16:66-9. [PMID: 540953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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