1
|
Mello-Vieira J, Bopp T, Dikic I. Ubiquitination and cell-autonomous immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102368. [PMID: 37451128 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell-autonomous immunity is the first line of defense by which cells recognize and contribute to eliminating invasive pathogens. It is composed of immune signaling networks that sense microbial pathogens, promote pathogen restriction, and stimulate their elimination, including host cell death. Ubiquitination is a pivotal orchestrator of these pathways, by changing the activity of signal transducers and effector proteins in an efficient way. In this review, we will focus on how ubiquitin connects the pathways that sense pathogens to the cellular responses to invaders and shed light on how ubiquitination impacts the microenvironment around the infected cell, stimulating the appropriate immune response. Finally, we discuss therapeutic options directed at favoring cell-autonomous immune responses to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Mello-Vieira
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun SY. Targeting apoptosis to manage acquired resistance to third generation EGFR inhibitors. Front Med 2022; 16:701-713. [PMID: 36152124 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A significant clinical challenge in lung cancer treatment is management of the inevitable acquired resistance to third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as osimertinib, which have shown remarkable success in the treatment of advanced NSCLC with EGFR activating mutations, in order to achieve maximal response duration or treatment remission. Apoptosis is a major type of programmed cell death tightly associated with cancer development and treatment. Evasion of apoptosis is considered a key hallmark of cancer and acquisition of apoptosis resistance is accordingly a key mechanism of drug acquired resistance in cancer therapy. It has been clearly shown that effective induction of apoptosis is a key mechanism for third generation EGFR-TKIs, particularly osimertinib, to exert their therapeutic efficacies and the development of resistance to apoptosis is tightly associated with the emergence of acquired resistance. Hence, restoration of cell sensitivity to undergo apoptosis using various means promises an effective strategy for the management of acquired resistance to third generation EGFR-TKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai ZQ, Ma X, Liu B, Huang T, Hu K. Solution structure of c-FLIP death effector domains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:1-6. [PMID: 35688044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and death effector domain (DED) filament initiates extrinsic apoptosis. Recruitment and activation of procaspase-8 at the DISC are regulated by c-FLIP. The interaction between c-FLIP and procaspase-8 is mediated by their tandem DEDs (tDED). However, the structure of c-FLIPtDED and how c-FLIP interferes with procaspase-8 activation at the DISC remain elusive. Here, we solved the monomeric structure of c-FLIPtDED (F114G) at near physiological pH by solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Structural superimposition reveals c-FLIPtDED (F114G) adopts a structural topology similar to that of procaspase-8tDED. Our results provide a structural basis for understanding how c-FLIP interacts with procaspase-8 and the molecular mechanisms of c-FLIP in regulating cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ivanisenko NV, Seyrek K, Hillert-Richter LK, König C, Espe J, Bose K, Lavrik IN. Regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling by c-FLIP: towards targeting cancer networks. Trends Cancer 2021; 8:190-209. [PMID: 34973957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extrinsic pathway is mediated by death receptors (DRs), including CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or TRAILR-1/2. Defects in apoptosis regulation lead to cancer and other malignancies. The master regulator of the DR networks is the cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). In addition to its key role in apoptosis, c-FLIP may exert other cellular functions, including control of necroptosis, pyroptosis, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, and tumorigenesis. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms of c-FLIP action in cancer networks, we focus on the structure, isoforms, interactions, and post-translational modifications of c-FLIP. We also discuss various avenues to target c-FLIP in cancer cells for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamil Seyrek
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Hillert-Richter
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Corinna König
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Espe
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kakoli Bose
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pollak N, Lindner A, Imig D, Kuritz K, Fritze JS, Decker L, Heinrich I, Stadager J, Eisler S, Stöhr D, Allgöwer F, Scheurich P, Rehm M. Cell cycle progression and transmitotic apoptosis resistance promote escape from extrinsic apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273757. [PMID: 34806752 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrinsic apoptosis relies on TNF-family receptor activation by immune cells or receptor-activating drugs. Here, we monitored cell cycle progression at a resolution of minutes to relate apoptosis kinetics and cell-to-cell heterogeneities in death decisions to cell cycle phases. Interestingly, we found that cells in S phase delay TRAIL receptor-induced death in favour of mitosis, thereby passing on an apoptosis-primed state to their offspring. This translates into two distinct fates, apoptosis execution post mitosis or cell survival from inefficient apoptosis. Transmitotic resistance is linked to Mcl-1 upregulation and its increased accumulation at mitochondria from mid-S phase onwards, which allows cells to pass through mitosis with activated caspase-8, and with cells escaping apoptosis after mitosis sustaining sublethal DNA damage. Antagonizing Mcl-1 suppresses cell cycle-dependent delays in apoptosis, prevents apoptosis-resistant progression through mitosis and averts unwanted survival after apoptosis induction. Cell cycle progression therefore modulates signal transduction during extrinsic apoptosis, with Mcl-1 governing decision making between death, proliferation and survival. Cell cycle progression thus is a crucial process from which cell-to-cell heterogeneities in fates and treatment outcomes emerge in isogenic cell populations during extrinsic apoptosis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Pollak
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 15, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aline Lindner
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirke Imig
- Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karsten Kuritz
- Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jacques S Fritze
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lorena Decker
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Isabel Heinrich
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jannis Stadager
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 15, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniela Stöhr
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Allgöwer
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 15, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Scheurich
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 15, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roberts JZ, Crawford N, Longley DB. The role of Ubiquitination in Apoptosis and Necroptosis. Cell Death Differ 2021; 29:272-284. [PMID: 34912054 PMCID: PMC8817035 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death pathways have evolved to maintain tissue homoeostasis and eliminate potentially harmful cells from within an organism, such as cells with damaged DNA that could lead to cancer. Apoptosis, known to eliminate cells in a predominantly non-inflammatory manner, is controlled by two main branches, the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. While the intrinsic pathway is regulated by the Bcl-2 family members, the extrinsic pathway is controlled by the Death receptors, members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Death receptors can also activate a pro-inflammatory type of cell death, necroptosis, when Caspase-8 is inhibited. Apoptotic pathways are known to be tightly regulated by post-translational modifications, especially by ubiquitination. This review discusses research on ubiquitination-mediated regulation of apoptotic signalling. Additionally, the emerging importance of ubiquitination in regulating necroptosis is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Z Roberts
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Almac Discovery Laboratories, Health Sciences Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hwang J, Singh N, Braniecki M, Gok Yavuz B, Tsoukas MM, Quigley JG. Omacetaxine added to a standard acute myeloid leukaemia chemotherapy regimen reduces cellular FLIP levels, markedly increasing the incidence of eccrine hidradenitis. Br J Haematol 2021; 195:e138-e141. [PMID: 34490614 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonwei Hwang
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Naina Singh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marylee Braniecki
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Betul Gok Yavuz
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria M Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John G Quigley
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jang JH, Lee TJ, Sung EG, Song IH, Kim JY. Pioglitazone mediates apoptosis in Caki cells via downregulating c-FLIP (L) expression and reducing Bcl-2 protein stability. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:743. [PMID: 34466155 PMCID: PMC8387863 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone is an anti-diabetic agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which belongs to the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) group. TZDs target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which functions as a transcription factor of the nuclear hormone receptor. Pioglitazone has antitumor effects in several cancer types and could be a tool for drug therapy in various cancer treatments. Nevertheless, the molecular basis for pioglitazone-induced anticancer effects in renal cancer (RC) has not yet been elucidated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the detailed signaling pathway underlying pioglitazone-induced apoptosis in Caki cells derived from human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. As a result, it was demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis and Annexin V-propidium iodide staining that pioglitazone treatment induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner in Caki cells. The protein expression levels of cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP)(L) and Bcl-2, which were determined by western blotting, decreased after pioglitazone treatment in Caki cells. Flow cytometry and western blot analyses demonstrated that pioglitazone-mediated apoptosis was blocked following pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, indicating that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis was mediated via a caspase-dependent signaling pathway. However, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), did not affect pioglitazone-mediated apoptosis and degradation of c-FLIP(L) and Bcl-2 protein. Of note, it was found by western blot analysis that Bcl-2 protein expression was downregulated by the decreased protein stability of Bcl-2 in pioglitazone-treated Caki cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that pioglitazone-induced apoptosis is regulated through caspase-mediated degradation of FLIP(L) and reduction of Bcl-2 protein stability, suggesting that pioglitazone is a feasible apoptotic agent that could be used in the treatment of human RC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon-Gi Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oliver Metzig M, Tang Y, Mitchell S, Taylor B, Foreman R, Wollman R, Hoffmann A. An incoherent feedforward loop interprets NFκB/RelA dynamics to determine TNF-induced necroptosis decisions. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9677. [PMID: 33314666 PMCID: PMC7734648 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing cell death is essential to maintain healthy tissue homeostasis and prevent disease. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) not only activates nuclear factor κB (NFκB), which coordinates the cellular response to inflammation, but may also trigger necroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death. Whether TNF-induced NFκB affects the fate decision to undergo TNF-induced necroptosis is unclear. Live-cell microscopy and model-aided analysis of death kinetics identified a molecular circuit that interprets TNF-induced NFκB/RelA dynamics to control necroptosis decisions. Inducible expression of TNFAIP3/A20 forms an incoherent feedforward loop to interfere with the RIPK3-containing necrosome complex and protect a fraction of cells from transient, but not long-term TNF exposure. Furthermore, dysregulated NFκB dynamics often associated with disease diminish TNF-induced necroptosis. Our results suggest that TNF's dual roles in either coordinating cellular responses to inflammation, or further amplifying inflammation are determined by a dynamic NFκB-A20-RIPK3 circuit, that could be targeted to treat inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Oliver Metzig
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Ying Tang
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Simon Mitchell
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Brighton and Sussex Medical SchoolUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Brooks Taylor
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Robert Foreman
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Roy Wollman
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song C, Choi S, Oh KB, Sim T. Suppression of TRPM7 enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:10037-10050. [PMID: 32468675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) composed of an ion channel and a kinase domain regulates triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, but it does not modulate TNBC proliferation. However, previous studies have shown that the combination treatment of nonselective TRPM7 channel inhibitors (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and Gd3+ ) with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) increases antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and hepatic stellate cells. We, therefore, investigated the potential role of TRPM7 in proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells) with TRAIL. We demonstrated that suppression of TRPM7 via TRPM7 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition synergistically increases TRAIL-induced antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in TNBC cells. Furthermore, we showed that the synergistic interaction might be associated with TRPM7 channel activities using combination treatments of TRAIL and TRPM7 inhibitors (NS8593 as a TRPM7 channel inhibitor and TG100-115 as a TRPM7 kinase inhibitor). We reveal that downregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein via inhibition of Ca2+ influx might be involved in the synergistic interaction. Our study would provide both a new role of TRPM7 in TNBC cell apoptosis and a potential combinatorial therapeutic strategy using TRPM7 inhibitors with TRAIL in the treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Song
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghye Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roberts JZ, Holohan C, Sessler T, Fox J, Crawford N, Riley JS, Khawaja H, Majkut J, Evergren E, Humphreys LM, Ferris J, Higgins C, Espona-Fiedler M, Moynagh P, McDade SS, Longley DB. The SCF Skp2 ubiquitin ligase complex modulates TRAIL-R2-induced apoptosis by regulating FLIP(L). Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2726-2741. [PMID: 32313199 PMCID: PMC7429845 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL-R2 (DR5) is a clinically-relevant therapeutic target and a key target for immune effector cells. Herein, we identify a novel interaction between TRAIL-R2 and the Skp1-Cullin-1-F-box (SCF) Cullin-Ring E3 Ubiquitin Ligase complex containing Skp2 (SCFSkp2). We find that SCFSkp2 can interact with both TRAIL-R2’s pre-ligand association complex (PLAC) and ligand-activated death-inducing signalling complex (DISC). Moreover, Cullin-1 interacts with TRAIL-R2 in its active NEDDylated form. Inhibiting Cullin-1’s DISC recruitment using the NEDDylation inhibitor MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) or siRNA increased apoptosis induction in response to TRAIL. This correlated with enhanced levels of the caspase-8 regulator FLIP at the TRAIL-R2 DISC, particularly the long splice form, FLIP(L). We subsequently found that FLIP(L) (but not FLIP(S), caspase-8, nor the other core DISC component FADD) interacts with Cullin-1 and Skp2. Importantly, this interaction is enhanced when FLIP(L) is in its DISC-associated, C-terminally truncated p43-form. Prevention of FLIP(L) processing to its p43-form stabilises the protein, suggesting that by enhancing its interaction with SCFSkp2, cleavage to the p43-form is a critical step in FLIP(L) turnover. In support of this, we found that silencing any of the components of the SCFSkp2 complex inhibits FLIP ubiquitination, while overexpressing Cullin-1/Skp2 enhances its ubiquitination in a NEDDylation-dependent manner. DISC recruitment of TRAF2, previously identified as an E3 ligase for caspase-8 at the DISC, was also enhanced when Cullin-1’s recruitment was inhibited, although its interaction with Cullin-1 was found to be mediated indirectly via FLIP(L). Notably, the interaction of p43-FLIP(L) with Cullin-1 disrupts its ability to interact with FADD, caspase-8 and TRAF2. Collectively, our results suggest that processing of FLIP(L) to p43-FLIP(L) at the TRAIL-R2 DISC enhances its interaction with co-localised SCFSkp2, leading to disruption of p43-FLIP(L)’s interactions with other DISC components and promoting its ubiquitination and degradation, thereby modulating TRAIL-R2-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Z Roberts
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Caitriona Holohan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamas Sessler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jennifer Fox
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joel S Riley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Hajrah Khawaja
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joanna Majkut
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Luke M Humphreys
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jennifer Ferris
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine Higgins
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Paul Moynagh
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon S McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seyrek K, Ivanisenko NV, Richter M, Hillert LK, König C, Lavrik IN. Controlling Cell Death through Post-translational Modifications of DED Proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:354-369. [PMID: 32302548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, deregulation of which occurs in multiple disorders, including neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. The formation of a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and death effector domain (DED) filaments are critical for initiation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of DED-containing DISC components such as FADD, procaspase-8, and c-FLIP comprise an additional level of apoptosis regulation, which is necessary to overcome the threshold for apoptosis induction. In this review we discuss the influence of PTMs of FADD, procaspase-8, and c-FLIP on DED filament assembly and cell death induction, with a focus on the 3D organization of the DED filament.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Seyrek
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikita V Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Max Richter
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Hillert
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Corinna König
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boice A, Bouchier-Hayes L. Targeting apoptotic caspases in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118688. [PMID: 32087180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the caspase family of proteases play essential roles in the initiation and execution of apoptosis. These caspases are divided into two groups: the initiator caspases (caspase-2, -8, -9 and -10), which are the first to be activated in response to a signal, and the executioner caspases (caspase-3, -6, and -7) that carry out the demolition phase of apoptosis. Many conventional cancer therapies induce apoptosis to remove the cancer cell by engaging these caspases indirectly. Newer therapeutic applications have been designed, including those that specifically activate individual caspases using gene therapy approaches and small molecules that repress natural inhibitors of caspases already present in the cell. For such approaches to have maximal clinical efficacy, emerging insights into non-apoptotic roles of these caspases need to be considered. This review will discuss the roles of caspases as safeguards against cancer in the context of the advantages and potential limitations of targeting apoptotic caspases for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Boice
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee SR, Quan KT, Byun HS, Park I, Kang K, Piao X, Ju E, Ro H, Na M, Hur GM. Accelerated degradation of cFLIP L and sensitization of the TRAIL DISC-mediated apoptotic cascade by pinoresinol, a lignan isolated from Rubia philippinensis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13505. [PMID: 31534206 PMCID: PMC6751165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived lignans have numerous biological effects including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Screening of purified constituents of Rubia philippinensis from human glioblastoma cells resistant to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has suggested that the lignan pinoresinol was a highly active TRAIL sensitizer. Here we show that treatment with nontoxic doses of pinoresinol in combination with TRAIL induced rapid apoptosis and caspase activation in many types of glioblastoma cells, but not in normal astrocytes. Analyses of apoptotic signaling events revealed that pinoresinol enhanced the formation of TRAIL-mediated death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and complete processing of procaspase-8 within the DISC in glioblastoma cells, in which caspase-8 was inactivated. Mechanistically, pinoresinol downregulated the expression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIPL) and survivin through proteasome-mediated degradation, without affecting death receptors or downstream intracellular apoptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, the sensitization of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by pinoresinol strictly depended on the expression level of cFLIPL, which was regulated through de novo protein synthesis, rather than by NF-κB or p53 signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that pinoresinol facilitates DISC-mediated caspase-8 activation by targeting cFLIPL in an early event in apoptotic signaling, which provides a potential therapeutic module for TRAIL-based chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Khong Trong Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Byun
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuezhe Piao
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi P, Zhang S, Zhu L, Qian G, Ren H, Ramalingam SS, Chen M, Sun SY. The Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitor, Osimertinib, Promotes c-FLIP Degradation, Enhancing Apoptosis Including TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in NSCLC Cells with Activating EGFR Mutations. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:705-713. [PMID: 30856555 PMCID: PMC6411612 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The third-generation EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib (AZD9291), selectively and irreversibly inhibits EGFR activating and T790 M mutants while sparing wild-type EGFR. Osimertinib is now an approved drug for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating EGFR mutations (first-line) or those who have become resistant to 1st generation EGFR inhibitors through the T790 M mutation (second-line). Unfortunately, all patients eventually relapse and develop resistance to osimertinib. Hence, it is essential to fully understand the biology underlying the development of resistance to osimertinib in order to improve its therapeutic efficacy and overcome resistance. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a truncated form of caspase-8 and functions as a key inhibitor of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The current study has demonstrated that osimertinib reduces c-FLIP levels via facilitating its degradation and enhances apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) primarily in NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations. Moreover, modulation of c-FLIP expression levels, to some degree, also alters the sensitivities of EGFR mutant NSCLC cells to undergo osimertinib-induced apoptosis, suggesting that c-FLIP suppression is an important event contributing to the antitumor activity of osimertinib against EGFR mutant NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuo Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drug, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Guoqing Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hui Ren
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mingwei Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin HC, Yeh CW, Chen YF, Lee TT, Hsieh PY, Rusnac DV, Lin SY, Elledge SJ, Zheng N, Yen HCS. C-Terminal End-Directed Protein Elimination by CRL2 Ubiquitin Ligases. Mol Cell 2019; 70:602-613.e3. [PMID: 29775578 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The proteolysis-assisted protein quality control system guards the proteome from potentially detrimental aberrant proteins. How miscellaneous defective proteins are specifically eliminated and which molecular characteristics direct them for removal are fundamental questions. We reveal a mechanism, DesCEND (destruction via C-end degrons), by which CRL2 ubiquitin ligase uses interchangeable substrate receptors to recognize the unusual C termini of abnormal proteins (i.e., C-end degrons). C-end degrons are mostly less than ten residues in length and comprise a few indispensable residues along with some rather degenerate ones. The C-terminal end position is essential for C-end degron function. Truncated selenoproteins generated by translation errors and the USP1 N-terminal fragment from post-translational cleavage are eliminated by DesCEND. DesCEND also targets full-length proteins with naturally occurring C-end degrons. The C-end degron in DesCEND echoes the N-end degron in the N-end rule pathway, highlighting the dominance of protein "ends" as indicators for protein elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Domnita V Rusnac
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sung-Ya Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ning Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chi S Yen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 and PRMT1 distinctly regulate the degradation of anti-apoptotic protein CFLAR L in human lung cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:64. [PMID: 30736843 PMCID: PMC6368745 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CFLARL, also known as c-FLIPL, is a critical anti-apoptotic protein that inhibits activation of caspase 8 in mammalian cells. Previous studies have shown that arginine 122 of CFLARL can be mono-methylated. However, the precise role of arginine methyltransferase of CFLARL remains unknown. PRMT5 and PRMT1, which are important members of the PRMT family, catalyze the transfer of methyl groups to the arginine of substrate proteins. PRMT5 can monomethylate or symmetrically dimethylate arginine residues, while PRMT1 can monomethylate or asymmetrically dimethylate arginine residues. Methods Lung cancer cells were cultured following the standard protocol and the cell lysates were prepared to detect the given proteins by Western Blot analysis, and the protein interaction was assayed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) or GST pull-down assay. CFLARL ubiquitination level was evaluated by proteasomal inhibitor treatment combined with HA-Ub transfection and WB assay. PRMT1 and PRMT5 genes were knocked down by siRNA technique. Results We show that PRMT5 up-regulated the protein levels of CFLARL by decreasing the ubiquitination and increasing its protein level. Additionally, PRMT1 down-regulated the protein level of CFLARL by increasing the ubiquitination and degradation. The overexpression of PRMT5 can inhibit the interaction between CFLARL and ITCH, which has been identified as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of CFLARL, while overexpressed PRMT1 enhances the interaction between CFLARL and ITCH. Furthermore, we verified that dead mutations of PRMT5 or PRMT1 have the same effects on CFLARL as the wild-type ones have, suggesting it is the physical interaction between CFLAR and PRMT1/5 that regulates CFLARL degradation other than its enzymatic activity. Finally, we showed that PRMT5 and PRMT1 could suppress or facilitate apoptosis induced by doxorubicin or pemetrexed by affecting CFLARL in NSCLC cells. Conclusions PRMT5 and PRMT1 mediate the distinct effects on CFLARL degradation by regulating the binding of E3 ligase ITCH in NSCLC cells. This study identifies a cell death mechanism that is fine-tuned by PRMT1/5 that modulate CFLARL degradation in human NSCLC cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1064-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
18
|
Seo J, Kim MW, Bae KH, Lee SC, Song J, Lee EW. The roles of ubiquitination in extrinsic cell death pathways and its implications for therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 162:21-40. [PMID: 30452908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cell survival and death, including apoptosis and necroptosis, is important for normal development and tissue homeostasis, and disruption of these processes can cause cancer, inflammatory diseases, and degenerative diseases. Ubiquitination is a cellular process that induces proteasomal degradation by covalently attaching ubiquitin to the substrate protein. In addition to proteolytic ubiquitination, nonproteolytic ubiquitination, such as M1-linked and K63-linked ubiquitination, has been shown to be important in recent studies, which have demonstrated its function in cell signaling pathways that regulate inflammation and cell death pathways. In this review, we summarize the TRAIL- and TNF-induced death receptor signaling pathways along with recent advances in this field and illustrate how different types of ubiquitination control cell death and survival. In particular, we provide an overview of the different types of ubiquitination, target residues, and modifying enzymes, including E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Given the relevance of these regulatory pathways in human disease, we hope that a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cell death pathways will provide insights into and therapeutic strategies for related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang Y, Joo D, Liu G, Tu H, You J, Jin J, Zhao X, Hung MC, Lin X. Linear ubiquitination of cFLIP induced by LUBAC contributes to TNFα-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20062-20072. [PMID: 30361438 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) regulates NF-κB activation by modifying proteins with linear (M1-linked) ubiquitination chains. Although LUBAC also regulates the apoptosis pathway, the precise mechanism by which LUBAC regulates apoptosis remains not fully defined. Here, we report that LUBAC-mediated M1-linked ubiquitination of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP), an anti-apoptotic molecule, contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-induced apoptosis. We found that deficiency of RNF31, the catalytic subunit of the LUBAC complex, promoted cFLIP degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Moreover, we observed RNF31 directly interact with cFLIP, and LUBAC further conjugated M1-linked ubiquitination chains at Lys-351 and Lys-353 of cFLIP to stabilize cFLIP, thereby protecting cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis. Together, our study identifies a new substrate of LUBAC and reveals a new molecular mechanism through which LUBAC regulates TNFα-induced apoptosis via M1-linked ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Donghyun Joo
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Guangna Liu
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hailin Tu
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jeffrey You
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Jianping Jin
- the Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhao
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Xin Lin
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China,.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cytoplasmic FLIP(S) and nuclear FLIP(L) mediate resistance of castrate-resistant prostate cancer to apoptosis induced by IAP antagonists. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1081. [PMID: 30349042 PMCID: PMC6197283 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the serum of prostate cancer patients is associated with poorer outcome and progression to castrate-resistant (CRPC) disease. TNFα promotes the activity of NFκB, which regulates a number of anti-apoptotic and proinflammatory genes, including those encoding the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs); however, in the presence of IAP antagonists, TNFα can induce cell death. In the presence of recombinant or macrophage-derived TNFα, we found that IAP antagonists triggered degradation of cIAP1 and induced formation of Complex-IIb, consisting of caspase-8, FADD and RIPK1 in CRPC models; however, no, or modest levels of apoptosis were induced. This resistance was found to be mediated by both the long (L) and short (S) splice forms of the caspase-8 inhibitor, FLIP, another NFκB-regulated protein frequently overexpressed in CRPC. By decreasing FLIP expression at the post-transcriptional level in PC3 and DU145 cells (but not VCaP), the Class-I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Entinostat promoted IAP antagonist-induced cell death in these models in a manner dependent on RIPK1, FADD and Caspase-8. Of note, Entinostat primarily targeted the nuclear rather than cytoplasmic pool of FLIP(L). While the cytoplasmic pool of FLIP(L) was highly stable, the nuclear pool was more labile and regulated by the Class-I HDAC target Ku70, which we have previously shown regulates FLIP stability. The efficacy of IAP antagonist (TL32711) and Entinostat combination and their effects on cIAP1 and FLIP respectively were confirmed in vivo, highlighting the therapeutic potential for targeting IAPs and FLIP in proinflammatory CRPC.
Collapse
|
21
|
Humphreys L, Espona-Fiedler M, Longley DB. FLIP as a therapeutic target in cancer. FEBS J 2018; 285:4104-4123. [PMID: 29806737 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the classic hallmarks of cancer is disruption of cell death signalling. Inhibition of cell death promotes tumour growth and metastasis, causes resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies as well as targeted agents, and is frequently due to overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins rather than loss of pro-apoptotic effectors. FLIP is a major apoptosis-regulatory protein frequently overexpressed in solid and haematological cancers, in which its high expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. FLIP, which is expressed as long (FLIP(L)) and short (FLIP(S)) splice forms, achieves its cell death regulatory functions by binding to FADD, a critical adaptor protein which links FLIP to the apical caspase in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, caspase-8, in a number of cell death regulating complexes, such as the death-inducing signalling complexes (DISCs) formed by death receptors. FLIP also plays a key role (together with caspase-8) in regulating another form of cell death termed programmed necrosis or 'necroptosis', as well as in other key cellular processes that impact cell survival, including autophagy. In addition, FLIP impacts activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway by regulating caspase-8-mediated activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bid. It has been demonstrated that FLIP can not only inhibit death receptor-mediated apoptosis, but also cell death induced by a range of clinically relevant chemotherapeutic and targeted agents as well as ionizing radiation. More recently, key roles for FLIP in promoting the survival of immunosuppressive tumour-promoting immune cells have been discovered. Thus, FLIP is of significant interest as an anticancer therapeutic target. In this article, we review FLIP's biology and potential ways of targeting this important tumour and immune cell death regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Humphreys
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Margarita Espona-Fiedler
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Allavena G, Cuomo F, Baumgartner G, Bele T, Sellgren AY, Oo KS, Johnson K, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B, Kaminskyy VO. Suppressed translation as a mechanism of initiation of CASP8 (caspase 8)-dependent apoptosis in autophagy-deficient NSCLC cells under nutrient limitation. Autophagy 2018; 14:252-268. [PMID: 29165042 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1405192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy inhibition under stress conditions is often associated with increased cell death. We found that under nutrient limitation, activation of CASP8/caspase-8 was significantly increased in autophagy-deficient lung cancer cells, which precedes mitochondria outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), CYCS/cytochrome c release, and activation of CASP9/caspase-9, indicating that under such conditions the activation of CASP8 is a primary event in the initiation of apoptosis as well as essential to reduce clonogenic survival of autophagy-deficient cells. Starvation leads to suppression of CFLAR proteosynthesis and accumulation of CASP8 in SQSTM1 puncta. Overexpression of CFLARs reduces CASP8 activation and apoptosis during starvation, while its silencing promotes efficient activation of CASP8 and apoptosis in autophagy-deficient U1810 lung cancer cells even under nutrient-rich conditions. Similar to starvation, inhibition of protein translation leads to efficient activation of CASP8 and cell death in autophagy-deficient lung cancer cells. Thus, here for the first time we report that suppressed translation leads to activation of CASP8-dependent apoptosis in autophagy-deficient NSCLC cells under conditions of nutrient limitation. Our data suggest that targeting translational machinery can be beneficial for elimination of autophagy-deficient cells via the CASP8-dependent apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Allavena
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Francesca Cuomo
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Georg Baumgartner
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Tadeja Bele
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Alexander Yarar Sellgren
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kyaw Soe Oo
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kaylee Johnson
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Faculty of Basic Medicine , MV Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Faculty of Basic Medicine , MV Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Vitaliy O Kaminskyy
- a Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lafont E, Hartwig T, Walczak H. Paving TRAIL's Path with Ubiquitin. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 43:44-60. [PMID: 29195774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite its name, signalling induced by the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is versatile. Besides eliciting cell death by both apoptosis and necroptosis, TRAIL can also induce migration, proliferation, and cytokine production in cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Unravelling the mechanisms regulating the intricate balance between these different outputs could therefore facilitate our understanding of the role of TRAIL in tissue homeostasis, immunity, and cancer. Ubiquitination and its reversal, deubiquitination, are crucial modulators of immune receptor signalling. This review discusses recent progress on the orchestration of TRAIL signalling outcomes by ubiquitination of various components of the signalling complexes, our understanding of the molecular switches that decide between cell death and gene activation, and what remains to be discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Torsten Hartwig
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Valter K, Chen L, Kruspig B, Maximchik P, Cui H, Zhivotovsky B, Gogvadze V. Contrasting effects of glutamine deprivation on apoptosis induced by conventionally used anticancer drugs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:498-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
25
|
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Sensitizes Human 786-O Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 72:157-64. [PMID: 25539708 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic constituent of green tea. In this study, potentiating effect of EGCG on TRAIL-induced apoptosis human renal carcinoma cell line 786-O which is relatively resistant to TRAIL was examined, and the possible mechanism was investigated. Here, we show that co-treatment with EGCG and TRAIL induced significantly more profound apoptosis in 786-O cells. Treatment of 786-O cells with EGCG and TRAIL downregulated c-FLIP, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2 proteins in a caspase-dependent pathway. Moreover, we found that pretreatment with NAC markedly inhibited the expression levels of c-FLIP, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2 downregulated by the combinatory treatment, suggesting that the regulating effect of EGCG on these above apoptosis-relevant molecules was partially mediated by generation of ROS. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that EGCG sensitizes human 786-O renal cell carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by downregulation of c-FLIP, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jeong M, Lee EW, Seong D, Seo J, Kim JH, Grootjans S, Kim SY, Vandenabeele P, Song J. USP8 suppresses death receptor-mediated apoptosis by enhancing FLIP L stability. Oncogene 2016; 36:458-470. [PMID: 27321185 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) is a critical regulator of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Here, we found ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) to be a novel deubiquitylase of the long isoform of FLIP (FLIPL). USP8 directly deubiquitylates and stabilizes FLIPL, but not the short isoform. USP8 depletion induces FLIPL destabilization, promoting anti-Fas-, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced extrinsic apoptosis by facilitating death-inducing signaling complex or TNFR1 complex II formation, which results in the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. USP8 mRNA levels are elevated in melanoma and cervical cancers, and the protein levels of USP8 and FLIPL are positively correlated in these cancer cell lines. Xenograft analyses using ME-180 cervical cancer cells showed that USP8 depletion attenuated tumor growth upon TRAIL injection. Taken together, our data indicate that USP8 functions as a novel deubiquitylase of FLIPL and inhibits extrinsic apoptosis by stabilizing FLIPL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-W Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Grootjans
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - S-Y Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Baratchian M, Davis CA, Shimizu A, Escors D, Bagnéris C, Barrett T, Collins MK. Distinct Activation Mechanisms of NF-κB Regulator Inhibitor of NF-κB Kinase (IKK) by Isoforms of the Cell Death Regulator Cellular FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein (cFLIP). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7608-20. [PMID: 26865630 PMCID: PMC4817188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) protein from Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus activates the NF-κB pathway by forming a stable complex with a central region (amino acids 150-272) of the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK) γ subunits, thereby activating IKK. Cellular FLIP (cFLIP) forms are also known to activate the NF-κB pathway via IKK activation. Here we demonstrate that cFLIPL, cFLIPS, and their proteolytic product p22-FLIP all require the C-terminal region of NEMO/IKKγ (amino acids 272-419) and its ubiquitin binding function for activation of the IKK kinase (or kinase complex), but none form a stable complex with IKKγ. Our results further reveal that cFLIPLrequires the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex and the kinase TAK1 for activation of the IKK kinase. Similarly, cFLIPSand p22-FLIP also require TAK1 but do not require LUBAC. In contrast, these isoforms are both components of complexes that incorporate Fas-associated death domain and RIP1, which appear essential for kinase activation. This conservation of IKK activation among the cFLIP family using different mechanisms suggests that the mechanism plays a critical role in their function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Baratchian
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, United Kingdom, and
| | - Christopher A Davis
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Akira Shimizu
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David Escors
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Bagnéris
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Barrett
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K Collins
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, United Kingdom, and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bartee MY, Dunlap KM, Bartee E. Myxoma Virus Induces Ligand Independent Extrinsic Apoptosis in Human Myeloma Cells. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 16:203-12. [PMID: 26803534 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma is a clonal malignancy of plasma B cells. Although recent advances have improved overall prognosis, virtually all myeloma patients still succumb to relapsing disease. Therefore, novel therapies to treat this disease remain urgently needed. We have recently shown that treatment of human multiple myeloma cells with an oncolytic virus known as myxoma results in rapid cell death even in the absence of viral replication; however, the specific mechanisms and pathways involved remain unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine how myxoma virus eliminates human multiple myeloma cells, we queried the apoptotic pathways that were activated after viral infection using immunoblot analysis and other cell biology approaches. RESULTS Our results indicate that myxoma virus infection initiates apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells through activation of the extrinsic initiator caspase-8. Caspase-8 activation subsequently results in cleavage of BH3 interacting-domain death agonist and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential causing secondary activation of caspase-9. Activation of caspase-8 appears to be independent of extrinsic death ligands and instead correlates with depletion of cellular inhibitors of apoptosis. We hypothesize that this depletion results from virally mediated host-protein shutoff because a myxoma construct that overexpresses the viral decapping enzymes displays improved oncolytic potential. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that myxoma virus eliminates human multiple myeloma cells through a pathway unique to oncolytic poxviruses, making it an excellent therapeutic option for the treatment of relapsed or refractory patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mee Y Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Katherine M Dunlap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yao W, Yue P, Khuri FR, Sun SY. The BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, facilitates c-FLIP degradation and enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis independent of BRD4 and c-Myc inhibition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:34669-79. [PMID: 26415225 PMCID: PMC4741481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of BET bromodomains (BRDs) has emerged as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. Accordingly, inhibitors of BRDs such as JQ1 have been actively developed and some have reached clinical testing. However, the mechanisms by which this group of inhibitors exerts their anticancer activity, including induction of apoptosis, have not been fully elucidated. This report reveals a previously uncovered activity of JQ1 in inducing c-FLIP degradation and enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis. JQ1 potently decreased c-FLIP (both long and short forms) levels in multiple cancer cell lines without apparently increasing the expression of DR5 and DR4. Consequently, JQ1, when combined with TRAIL, synergistically induced apoptosis; this enhanced apoptosis-inducing activity could be abolished by enforced expression of ectopic FLIPL or FLIPS. Hence it appears that JQ1 decreases c-FLIP levels, resulting in enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of proteasome with MG132 prevented JQ1-induced c-FLIP reduction. Moreover, JQ1 decreased c-FLIP stability. Therefore, JQ1 apparently decreases c-FLIP levels through facilitating its proteasomal degradation. Genetic inhibition of either BRD4 or c-Myc by knocking down their expression failed to mimic JQ1 in decreasing c-FLIP and enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis, suggesting that JQ1 induces c-FLIP degradation and enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis independent of BRD4 or c-Myc inhibition. In summary, our findings in this study highlights a novel biological function of JQ1 in modulating apoptosis and warrant further study of the potential treatment of cancer with the JQ1 and TRAIL combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Yao
- Department of Respiration, Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fadlo R. Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
DED or alive: assembly and regulation of the death effector domain complexes. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1866. [PMID: 26313917 PMCID: PMC4558505 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Death effector domains (DEDs) are protein–protein interaction domains initially identified in proteins such as FADD, FLIP and caspase-8 involved in regulating apoptosis. Subsequently, these proteins have been shown to have important roles in regulating other forms of cell death, including necroptosis, and in regulating other important cellular processes, including autophagy and inflammation. Moreover, these proteins also have prominent roles in innate and adaptive immunity and during embryonic development. In this article, we review the various roles of DED-containing proteins and discuss recent developments in our understanding of DED complex formation and regulation. We also briefly discuss opportunities to therapeutically target DED complex formation in diseases such as cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Asaoka T, Ikeda F. New Insights into the Role of Ubiquitin Networks in the Regulation of Antiapoptosis Pathways. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 318:121-58. [PMID: 26315885 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a small modifier protein that conjugates on lysine (Lys) residues of substrates, and it can be targeted by another ubiquitin molecule to form chains through conjugation on the intrinsic Lys residues and methionine (Met) 1 residue. Ubiquitination of substrates by such chains determines the fate of substrates, thereby influencing various biological processes. In this chapter, we focus on apoptosis with an emphasis on the regulation by ubiquitination. The signal transduction of apoptosis is governed not only by the classical function of ubiquitin, which is proteasome-dependent degradation of substrates, but also by the apoptosis signaling complex formation guided by different types of ubiquitin chains. Ubiquitinations of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins are tightly regulated by particular sets of enzymes, such as ubiquitin E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs). We further discuss ubiquitination in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway as an example for the ubiquitin-dependent regulation of apoptosis and cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Asaoka
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Roux J, Hafner M, Bandara S, Sims JJ, Hudson H, Chai D, Sorger PK. Fractional killing arises from cell-to-cell variability in overcoming a caspase activity threshold. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:803. [PMID: 25953765 PMCID: PMC4461398 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
When cells are exposed to death ligands such as TRAIL, a fraction undergoes apoptosis and a fraction survives; if surviving cells are re-exposed to TRAIL, fractional killing is once again observed. Therapeutic antibodies directed against TRAIL receptors also cause fractional killing, even at saturating concentrations, limiting their effectiveness. Fractional killing arises from cell-to-cell fluctuations in protein levels (extrinsic noise), but how this results in a clean bifurcation between life and death remains unclear. In this paper, we identify a threshold in the rate and timing of initiator caspase activation that distinguishes cells that live from those that die; by mapping this threshold, we can predict fractional killing of cells exposed to natural and synthetic agonists alone or in combination with sensitizing drugs such as bortezomib. A phenomenological model of the threshold also quantifies the contributions of two resistance genes (c-FLIP and Bcl-2), providing new insight into the control of cell fate by opposing pro-death and pro-survival proteins and suggesting new criteria for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic TRAIL receptor agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Roux
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Hafner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Bandara
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua J Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Diana Chai
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jackson TC, Du L, Janesko-Feldman K, Vagni VA, Dezfulian C, Poloyac SM, Jackson EK, Clark RSB, Kochanek PM. The nuclear splicing factor RNA binding motif 5 promotes caspase activation in human neuronal cells, and increases after traumatic brain injury in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:655-66. [PMID: 25586139 PMCID: PMC4420885 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Splicing factors (SFs) coordinate nuclear intron/exon splicing of RNA. Splicing factor disturbances can cause cell death. RNA binding motif 5 (RBM5) and 10 (RBM10) promote apoptosis in cancer cells by activating detrimental alternative splicing of key death/survival genes. The role(s) of RBM5/10 in neurons has not been established. Here, we report that RBM5 knockdown in human neuronal cells decreases caspase activation by staurosporine. In contrast, RBM10 knockdown augments caspase activation. To determine whether brain injury alters RBM signaling, we measured RBM5/10 protein in mouse cortical/hippocampus homogenates after controlled cortical impact (CCI) traumatic brain injury (TBI) plus hemorrhagic shock (CCI+HS). The RBM5/10 staining was higher 48 to 72 hours after injury and appeared to be increased in neuronal nuclei of the hippocampus. We also measured levels of other nuclear SFs known to be essential for cellular viability and report that splicing factor 1 (SF1) but not splicing factor 3A (SF3A) decreased 4 to 72 hours after injury. Finally, we confirm that RBM5/10 regulate protein expression of several target genes including caspase-2, cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), LETM1 Domain-Containing Protein 1 (LETMD1), and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) in neuronal cells. Knockdown of RBM5 appeared to increase expression of c-FLIP(s), LETMD1, and APLP2 but decrease caspase-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Jackson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keri Janesko-Feldman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vincent A Vagni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cameron Dezfulian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel M Poloyac
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert S B Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rezaei
- Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bertaux F, Stoma S, Drasdo D, Batt G. Modeling dynamics of cell-to-cell variability in TRAIL-induced apoptosis explains fractional killing and predicts reversible resistance. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003893. [PMID: 25340343 PMCID: PMC4207462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isogenic cells sensing identical external signals can take markedly different decisions. Such decisions often correlate with pre-existing cell-to-cell differences in protein levels. When not neglected in signal transduction models, these differences are accounted for in a static manner, by assuming randomly distributed initial protein levels. However, this approach ignores the a priori non-trivial interplay between signal transduction and the source of this cell-to-cell variability: temporal fluctuations of protein levels in individual cells, driven by noisy synthesis and degradation. Thus, modeling protein fluctuations, rather than their consequences on the initial population heterogeneity, would set the quantitative analysis of signal transduction on firmer grounds. Adopting this dynamical view on cell-to-cell differences amounts to recast extrinsic variability into intrinsic noise. Here, we propose a generic approach to merge, in a systematic and principled manner, signal transduction models with stochastic protein turnover models. When applied to an established kinetic model of TRAIL-induced apoptosis, our approach markedly increased model prediction capabilities. One obtains a mechanistic explanation of yet-unexplained observations on fractional killing and non-trivial robust predictions of the temporal evolution of cell resistance to TRAIL in HeLa cells. Our results provide an alternative explanation to survival via induction of survival pathways since no TRAIL-induced regulations are needed and suggest that short-lived anti-apoptotic protein Mcl1 exhibit large and rare fluctuations. More generally, our results highlight the importance of accounting for stochastic protein turnover to quantitatively understand signal transduction over extended durations, and imply that fluctuations of short-lived proteins deserve particular attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dirk Drasdo
- INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Le Chesnay, France
- Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL), University of Paris 6 (UPMC) - CNRS (UMR7598), Paris, France
| | - Gregory Batt
- INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Le Chesnay, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li-Weber M. Molecular mechanisms and anti-cancer aspects of the medicinal phytochemicals rocaglamides (=flavaglines). Int J Cancer 2014; 137:1791-9. [PMID: 24895251 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rocaglamides (= flavaglines) are potent natural anti-cancer phytochemicals that inhibit cancer growth at nanomolar concentrations by the following mechanisms: (1) inhibition of translation initiation via inhibition of phosphorylation of the mRNA cap-binding eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E and stabilization of RNA-binding of the translation initiation factor eIF4A in the eIF4F complex; (2) blocking cell cycle progression by activation of the ATM/ATR-Chk1/Chk2 checkpoint pathway; (3) inactivation of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) leading to up-regulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and consequent reduction of glucose uptake and (4) induction of apoptosis through activation of the MAPK p38 and JNK and inhibition of the Ras-CRaf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Besides the anti-cancer activities, rocaglamides are also shown to protect primary cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death and alleviate inflammation- and drug-induced injury in neuronal tissues. This review will focus on the recently discovered molecular mechanisms of the actions of rocaglamides and highlights the benefits of using rocaglamides in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li-Weber
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lavrik IN. Systems biology of death receptor networks: live and let die. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1259. [PMID: 24874731 PMCID: PMC4047881 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated by death receptor activation. Death receptor activation leads to the formation of death receptor signaling platforms, resulting in the demolition of the cell. Despite the fact that death receptor-mediated apoptosis has been studied to a high level of detail, its quantitative regulation until recently has been poorly understood. This situation has dramatically changed in the last years. Creation of mathematical models of death receptor signaling led to an enormous progress in the quantitative understanding of the network regulation and provided fascinating insights into the mechanisms of apoptosis control. In the following sections, the models of the death receptor signaling and their biological implications will be addressed. Central attention will be given to the models of CD95/Fas/APO-1, an exemplified member of the death receptor signaling pathways. The CD95 death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and regulation of CD95 DISC activity by its key inhibitor c-FLIP, have been vigorously investigated by modeling approaches, and therefore will be the major topic here. Furthermore, the non-linear dynamics of the DISC, positive feedback loops and bistability as well as stoichiometric switches in extrinsic apoptosis will be discussed. Collectively, this review gives a comprehensive view how the mathematical modeling supported by quantitative experimental approaches has provided a new understanding of the death receptor signaling network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I N Lavrik
- Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. Tel: +49 3916724767; Fax: +49 3916724769; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fouqué A, Debure L, Legembre P. The CD95/CD95L signaling pathway: a role in carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:130-41. [PMID: 24780723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a fundamental process that contributes to tissue homeostasis, immune responses, and development. The receptor CD95, also called Fas, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily. Its cognate ligand, CD95L, is implicated in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance, and various lineages of malignant cells exhibit loss-of-function mutations in this pathway; therefore, CD95 was initially classified as a tumor suppressor gene. However, more recent data indicate that in different pathophysiological contexts, this receptor can transmit non-apoptotic signals, promote inflammation, and contribute to carcinogenesis. A comparison with the initial molecular events of the TNF-R signaling pathway leading to non-apoptotic, apoptotic, and necrotic pathways reveals that CD95 is probably using different molecular mechanisms to transmit its non-apoptotic signals (NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K). As discussed in this review, the molecular process by which the receptor switches from an apoptotic function to an inflammatory role is unknown. More importantly, the biological functions of these signals remain elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Fouqué
- Université Rennes-1, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM U1085, IRSET, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer "Death Receptors and Tumor Escape", 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre Eugène Marquis, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France
| | - Laure Debure
- Université Rennes-1, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM U1085, IRSET, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer "Death Receptors and Tumor Escape", 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre Eugène Marquis, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Université Rennes-1, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM U1085, IRSET, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer "Death Receptors and Tumor Escape", 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre Eugène Marquis, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Trang KTT, Kim SL, Park SB, Seo SY, Choi CH, Park JK, Moon JC, Lee ST, Kim SW. Parthenolide Sensitizes Human Colorectal Cancer Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand through Mitochondrial and Caspase Dependent Pathway. Intest Res 2014; 12:34-41. [PMID: 25349561 PMCID: PMC4204686 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2014.12.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Combination therapy utilizing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in conjunction with other anticancer agents, is a promising strategy to overcome TRAIL resistance in malignant cells. Recently, parthenolide (PT) has proved to be a promising anticancer agent, and several studies have explored its use in combination therapy. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which PT sensitizes colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. METHODS HT-29 cells (TRAIL-resistant) were treated with PT and/or TRAIL for 24 hours. The inhibitory effect on proliferation was detected using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Annexin V staining, cell cycle analysis, and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess apoptotic cell death. Activation of an apoptotic pathway was confirmed by Western blot. RESULTS Treatment with TRAIL alone inhibited the proliferation of HCT 116 cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas proliferation was not affected in HT-29 cells. Combination PT and TRAIL treatment significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells. We observed that the synergistic effect was associated with misregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members, release of cytochrome C to the cytosol, activation of caspases, and increased levels of p53. CONCLUSION Combination therapy using PT and TRAIL might offer an effetive strategy to overcome TRAIL resistance in certain CRC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieu Thi Thu Trang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. ; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Se-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. ; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jin-Chang Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo-Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. ; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. ; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Giampietri C, Petrungaro S, Padula F, D'Alessio A, Marini ES, Facchiano A, Filippini A, Ziparo E. Autophagy modulators sensitize prostate epithelial cancer cell lines to TNF-alpha-dependent apoptosis. Apoptosis 2014; 17:1210-22. [PMID: 22923157 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha levels in prostate cancer correlate with the extent of disease and are significantly elevated in the metastatic stage. TNF receptor superfamily controls two distinct signalling cascades, leading to opposite effects, i.e. apoptosis and survival; in prostate cancer TNF-alpha-mediated signalling induces cell survival and resistance to therapy. The apoptosis of prostate epithelial cancer cells LNCaP and PC3 was investigated upon treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and the autophagy inducer rapamycin, in combination with TNF-alpha. Cells were exposed to these molecules for 18, 24 and 48 h. Autophagy was assessed via LC3 Western blot analysis; propidium iodide and TUNEL stainings followed by flow cytometry or caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation assays were performed to evaluate apoptosis. TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis was potentiated by 3-methyladenine in the androgen-responsive LNCaP cells, whereas no effect was observed in the androgen-insensitive PC3 cells. Interestingly such pro-apoptosis effect in LNCaP cells was associated with reduced c-Flip levels through proteasomal degradation via increased reactive oxygen species production and p38 activation; such c-Flip reduction was reversed in the presence of either the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine. Conversely in PC3 but not in LNCaP cells, rapamycin stimulated TNF-alpha-dependent apoptosis; such effect was associated with reduced c-Flip promoter activity and FoxO3a activation. We conclude that TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis may be potentiated, in prostate cancer epithelial cells, through autophagy modulators. Increased sensitivity to TNF-alpha-dependent apoptosis correlates with reduced c-Flip levels which are consequent to a post-transcriptional and a transcriptional mechanism in LNCaP and PC3 cells respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics-Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major resistance factor and critical anti-apoptotic regulator that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis as well as chemotherapy-triggered apoptosis in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 in a ligand-dependent and-independent fashion, which in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. Moreover, c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective signaling molecules. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its downregulation has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and efforts are underway to develop other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the functional role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and drug resistance; (2) the molecular mechanisms that regulate c-FLIP expression; and (3) strategies to inhibit c-FLIP expression and function.
Collapse
|
42
|
LIRDPRAPAMONGKOL KRIENGSAK, SAKURAI HIROAKI, ABDELHAMED SHERIF, YOKOYAMA SATORU, ATHIKOMKULCHAI SIRIVAN, VIRIYAROJ AMORNRAT, AWALE SURESH, RUCHIRAWAT SOMSAK, SVASTI JISNUSON, SAIKI IKUO. Chrysin overcomes TRAIL resistance of cancer cells through Mcl-1 downregulation by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:329-37. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
43
|
Song X, Kim SY, Zhou Z, Lagasse E, Kwon YT, Lee YJ. Hyperthermia enhances mapatumumab-induced apoptotic death through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cellular FLIP(long) in human colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e577. [PMID: 23559011 PMCID: PMC3641327 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world; the main cause of death of colorectal cancer is hepatic metastases, which can be treated with hyperthermia using isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP). In this study, we report that mild hyperthermia potently reduced cellular FLIP(long), (c-FLIP(L)), a major regulator of the death receptor (DR) pathway of apoptosis, thereby enhancing humanized anti-DR4 antibody mapatumumab (Mapa)-mediated mitochondria-independent apoptosis. We observed that overexpression of c-FLIP(L) in CX-1 cells abrogated the synergistic effect of Mapa and hyperthermia, whereas silencing of c-FLIP in CX-1 cells enhanced Mapa-induced apoptosis. Hyperthermia altered c-FLIP(L) protein stability without concomitant reductions in FLIP mRNA. Ubiquitination of c-FLIP(L) was increased by hyperthermia, and proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented heat-induced downregulation of c-FLIP(L). These results suggest the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in this process. We also found lysine residue 195 (K195) to be essential for c-FLIP(L) ubiquitination and proteolysis, as mutant c-FLIP(L) lysine 195 arginine (arginine replacing lysine) was left virtually un-ubiquitinated and was refractory to hyperthermia-triggered degradation, and thus partially blocked the synergistic effect of Mapa and hyperthermia. Our observations reveal that hyperthermia transiently reduced c-FLIP(L) by proteolysis linked to K195 ubiquitination, which contributed to the synergistic effect between Mapa and hyperthermia. This study supports the application of hyperthermia combined with other regimens to treat colorectal hepatic metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang H, Cai S, Ernstberger A, Bailey BJ, Wang MZ, Cai W, Goebel WS, Czader MB, Crean C, Suvannasankha A, Shokolenkoc I, Wilson GL, Baluyut AR, Mayo LD, Pollok KE. Temozolomide-mediated DNA methylation in human myeloid precursor cells: differential involvement of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2699-709. [PMID: 23536437 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An understanding of how hematopoietic cells respond to therapy that causes myelosuppression will help develop approaches to prevent this potentially life-threatening toxicity. The goal of this study was to determine how human myeloid precursor cells respond to temozolomide (TMZ)-induced DNA damage. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed an ex vivo primary human myeloid precursor cells model system to investigate the involvement of cell-death pathways using a known myelosuppressive regimen of O(6)-benzylguanine (6BG) and TMZ. RESULTS Exposure to 6BG/TMZ led to increases in p53, p21, γ-H2AX, and mitochondrial DNA damage. Increases in mitochondrial membrane depolarization correlated with increased caspase-9 and -3 activities following 6BG/TMZ treatment. These events correlated with decreases in activated AKT, downregulation of the DNA repair protein O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and increased cell death. During myeloid precursor cell expansion, FAS/CD95/APO1(FAS) expression increased over time and was present on approximately 100% of the cells following exposure to 6BG/TMZ. Although c-flipshort, an endogenous inhibitor of FAS-mediated signaling, was decreased in 6BG/TMZ-treated versus control, 6BG-, or TMZ alone-treated cells, there were no changes in caspase-8 activity. In addition, there were no changes in the extent of cell death in myeloid precursor cells exposed to 6BG/TMZ in the presence of neutralizing or agonistic anti-FAS antibodies, indicating that FAS-mediated signaling was not operative. CONCLUSIONS In human myeloid precursor cells, 6BG/TMZ-initiated apoptosis occurred by intrinsic, mitochondrial-mediated and not extrinsic, FAS-mediated apoptosis. Human myeloid precursor cells represent a clinically relevant model system for gaining insight into how hematopoietic cells respond to chemotherapeutics and offer an approach for selecting effective chemotherapeutic regimens with limited hematopoietic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kaminskyy VO, Surova OV, Piskunova T, Zborovskaya IB, Tchevkina EM, Andera L, Zhivotovsky B. Upregulation of c-FLIP-short in response to TRAIL promotes survival of NSCLC cells, which could be suppressed by inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin signaling. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e522. [PMID: 23470529 PMCID: PMC3613829 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising cytokine for killing tumor cells. However, a number of studies have demonstrated that different cancer cells resist TRAIL treatment and, moreover, TRAIL can promote invasion and metastasis in resistant cells. Here we report that TRAIL rapidly activates caspase-8 in a panel of non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). Adenocarcinomas derived from the lung in addition to high caspase-8 expression are characterized by increased expression of DR4 compared with adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Blocking DR4 or lowering caspase-8 expression significantly reduced apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines, indicating the importance of DR4 and signifying that higher levels of caspase-8 in lung adenocarcinomas make them more susceptible to TRAIL treatment. Despite rapid and robust initial responsiveness to TRAIL, surviving cells quickly acquired resistance to the additional TRAIL treatment. The expression of cellular-FLIP-short (c-FLIPS) was significantly increased in surviving cells. Such upregulation of c-FLIPS was rapidly reduced and TRAIL sensitivity was restored by treatment with cycloheximide. Silencing of c-FLIPS, but not c-FLIP-long (c-FLIPL), resulted in a remarkable increase in apoptosis and significant reduction of clonogenic survival. Furthermore, chelation of intracellular Ca2+ or inhibition of calmodulin caused a rapid proteasomal degradation of c-FLIPS, a significant increase of the two-step processing of procaspase-8, and reduced clonogenicity in response to TRAIL. Thus, our results revealed that the upregulation of DR4 and caspase-8 expression in NSCLC cells make them more susceptible to TRAIL. However, these cells could survive TRAIL treatment via upregulation of c-FLIPS, and it is suggested that blocking c-FLIPS expression by inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin signaling significantly overcomes the acquired resistance of NSCLC cells to TRAIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V O Kaminskyy
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee EW, Seo J, Jeong M, Lee S, Song J. The roles of FADD in extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis. BMB Rep 2013; 45:496-508. [PMID: 23010170 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.9.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), an adaptor that bridges death receptor signaling to the caspase cascade, is indispensible for the induction of extrinsic apoptotic cell death. Interest in the non-apoptotic function of FADD has greatly increased due to evidence that FADD-deficient mice or dominant-negative FADD transgenic mice result in embryonic lethality and an immune defect without showing apoptotic features. Numerous studies have suggested that FADD regulates cell cycle progression, proliferation, and autophagy, affecting these phenomena. Recently, programmed necrosis, also called necroptosis, was shown to be a key mechanism that induces embryonic lethality and an immune defect. Supporting these findings, FADD was shown to be involved in various necroptosis models. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis, and discuss the in vivo and in vitro roles of FADD in necroptosis induced by various stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Woo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao L, Yue P, Khuri FR, Sun SY. mTOR complex 2 is involved in regulation of Cbl-dependent c-FLIP degradation and sensitivity of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res 2013; 73:1946-57. [PMID: 23319802 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mTOR positively regulates cell proliferation and survival through forming 2 complexes with raptor (mTOR complex 1; mTORC1) or rictor (mTOR complex 2; mTORC2). Compared with the mTORC1, relatively little is known about the biologic functions of mTORC2. This study focuses on addressing whether mTORC2 regulates apoptosis, particularly induced by TRAIL (TNFSF10). Using the mTOR kinase inhibitor, PP242, as a research tool, we found that it synergized with TRAIL to augment apoptosis of cancer cells. PP242 reduced the abundance of the short form of c-FLIP (FLIP(S), CFLAR(S)) and survivin (BIRC5). Enforced expression of ectopic FLIP(S), but not survivin, attenuated augmented apoptosis induced by PP242 plus TRAIL. Thus, it is FLIP(S) downregulation that contributes to synergistic induction of apoptosis by PP242 plus TRAIL. PP242 decreased FLIP(S) stability, increased FLIP(S) ubiquitination, and facilitated FLIP(S) degradation. Moreover, knockdown of the E3 ligase Cbl (CBL) abolished PP242-induced FLIP(S) reduction. Thus, PP242 induces Cbl-dependent degradation of FLIP(S), leading to FLIP(S) downregulation. Consistently, knockdown of rictor or mTOR, but not raptor, mimicked PP242 in decreasing FLIP(S) levels and sensitizing cells to TRAIL. Rictor knockdown decreased FLIP(S) stability, whereas enforced expression of rictor stabilized FLIP(S). Moreover, silencing of Cbl abrogated FLIP(S) reduction induced by rictor knockdown. Collectively we conclude that it is mTORC2 inhibition that results in FLIP(S) downregulation and subsequent sensitization of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our findings provide the first evidence showing that mTORC2 stabilizes FLIP(S), hence connecting mTORC2 signaling to the regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major antiapoptotic protein and an important cytokine and chemotherapy resistance factor that suppresses cytokine- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIPL), short (c-FLIPS), and c-FLIPR splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 and TRAIL receptor 5 (DR5). This interaction in turn prevents Death-Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. c-FLIPL and c-FLIPS are also known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective and pro-survival signaling proteins including Akt, ERK, and NF-κB. In addition to its role in apoptosis, c-FLIP is involved in programmed necroptosis (necrosis) and autophagy. Necroptosis is regulated by the Ripoptosome, which is a signaling intracellular cell death platform complex. The Ripoptosome contains receptor-interacting protein-1/Receptor-Interacting Protein-3 (RIP1), caspase-8, caspase-10, FADD, and c-FLIP isoforms involved in switching apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. c-FLIP regulates the Ripoptosome; in addition to its role in apoptosis, it is therefore also involved in necrosis. c-FLIPL attenuates autophagy by direct acting on the autophagy machinery by competing with Atg3 binding to LC3, thereby decreasing LC3 processing and inhibiting autophagosome formation. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its silencing has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. This review focuses on (1) the anti-apoptotic role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and chemotherapy drug resistance, as well as its roles in necrosis and autophagy, and (2) modulation of c-FLIP expression as a means to enhance apoptosis and modulate necrosis and autophagy in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA ; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim YS, Kim EA, Park KG, Lee SJ, Kim MS, Sohn HY, Lee TJ. Dioscin sensitizes cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through downregulation of c-FLIP and Bcl-2. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1910-6. [PMID: 22895655 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has received attention as a potential anticancer drug, because it induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells but not in most normal human cell types. Here, we showed that co-treatment with subtoxic doses of dioscin and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Caki human renal cancer cells. Treatment of Caki cells with dioscin downregulated c-FLIPL and Bcl-2 proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Dioscin-induced decrease in c-FLIPL protein levels may be caused by the increased protein instability. We also found that dioscin induced downregulation of Bcl-2 at the transcriptional level. Pretreatment with NAC slightly inhibited the expression levels of c-FLIPL downregulated by the treatment of dioscin, suggesting that dioscin is partially dependent on the generation of ROS for downregulation of c-FLIPL. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that dioscin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human renal cancer cells by downregulation of c-FLIPL and Bcl-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-090, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Martín-Pérez R, Niwa M, López-Rivas A. ER stress sensitizes cells to TRAIL through down-regulation of FLIP and Mcl-1 and PERK-dependent up-regulation of TRAIL-R2. Apoptosis 2012; 17:349-63. [PMID: 22072062 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent evidences suggesting that agents inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could be exploited as potential antitumor drugs in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the mechanisms of this anticancer action are not fully understood. Moreover, the effects of ER stress and TRAIL in nontransformed cells remain to be investigated. In this study we report that ER stress-inducing agents sensitizes both transformed and nontransformed cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) knockdown by RNA interference induces ER stress and facilitates apoptosis by TRAIL. We demonstrate that TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and early signaling are enhanced in ER stressed cells. ER stress alters the cellular levels of different apoptosis-related proteins including a decline in the levels of FLIP and Mcl-1 and the up-regulation of TRAIL-R2. Up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 following ER stress is dependent on the expression of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and independent of CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and Ire1α. Silencing of TRAIL-R2 expression by siRNA blocks the ER stress-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, simultaneous silencing of cFLIP and Mcl-1 expression by RNA interference results in a marked sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Finally, in FLIP-overexpressing cells ER stress-induced sensitization to TRAIL-activated apoptosis is markedly reduced. In summary, our data reveal a pleiotropic mechanism involving both apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins for the sensitizing effect of ER stress on the regulation of TRAIL receptor-mediated apoptosis in both transformed and nontransformed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martín-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|