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Teixeira SA, Burim RV, Viapiano MS, Bidinotto LT, Nagashi Marie SK, Fleury Malheiros SM, Oba-Shinjo SM, Andrade AF, Carlotti CG. Alpha2beta1 Integrin Polymorphism in Diffuse Astrocytoma Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:914156. [PMID: 35936750 PMCID: PMC9353741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.914156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins resulting from the non-covalent association of an α and β chain. The major integrin receptor for collagen/laminin, α2β1 is expressed on a wide variety of cell types and plays an essential role in the adhesion of normal and tumor cells to the extracellular matrix. Integrin-triggered signaling pathways promote the invasion and survival of glioma cells by modifying the brain microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the association of a specific genetic polymorphism of integrin α2β1 with the incidence of diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma and the progression of these tumors. Single-nucleotide polymorphism in intron 7 of the integrin ITGA2 gene was examined in 158 patients and 162 controls using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. The ITGA2 genotype +/+ (with a BglII restriction site in both alleles) exhibited higher frequency in grade II astrocytoma compared to control (P = 0.02) whereas the genotype -/- (lacking the BglII site) correlated with the poorest survival rate (P = 0.04). In addition, in silico analyses of ITGA2 expression from low-grade gliomas (LGG, n = 515) and glioblastomas (GBM, n = 159) indicated that the higher expression of ITGA2 in LGG was associated with poor overall survival (P < 0.0001). However, the distribution of integrin ITGA2 BglII genotypes (+/+, +/-, -/-) was not significantly different between astrocytoma subgroups III and IV (P = 0.65, 0.24 and 0.33; 0.29, 0.48, 0.25, respectively) compared to control. These results suggest a narrow association between the presence of this SNP and indicate that further studies with larger samples are warranted to analyze the relation between tumor grade and overall survival, highlighting the importance of determining these polymorphisms for prognosis of astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Teixeira
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regislaine V Burim
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariano S Viapiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Lucas T Bidinotto
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, UNESP- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Suely K Nagashi Marie
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana M Fleury Malheiros
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sueli M Oba-Shinjo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto F Andrade
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos G Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Dao L, Blaue C, Franz CM. Integrin α 2β 1 as a negative regulator of the laminin receptors α 6β 1 and α 6β 4. Micron 2021; 148:103106. [PMID: 34171483 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrin α2β1 is a widely expressed collagen I receptor which also mediates laminin-111 binding in some cell types, but the functional relevance of collagen versus laminin binding for different cell types is poorly understood. Here we use AFM-based singe-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) to compare α2β1-mediated adhesion strength to collagen and laminin in different cell types. Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing integrin α2β1 (CHO-A2) displayed enhanced adhesion to collagen, but weak adhesion to laminin, consistent with a role of α2β1 as a receptor only for collagen in these cells. Inversely, the α2β1-deficient CHO wildtype cells (CHO-WT) showed weak adhesion to collagen, but strong adhesion to laminin-111, in turn suggesting that integrin α2β1 expression suppresses laminin binding. Analogous results were obtained in a pair of SAOS-2 human osteosarcoma cell lines. Again, wildtype cells (SAOS-WT) adhered strongly to laminin and poorly to collagen, while expression of integrin α2β1 (SAOS-A2) induced strong adhesion to collagen, but reduced adhesion to laminin. Expression of α2β1 also shifted cell spreading preference from laminin to collagen and suppressed laminin-dependent transmigration. In agreement with reduced laminin adhesion, α2β1 expression downregulated transcription and expression of integrin subunits α6 and β4, components of the main laminin-111 binding receptors integrin α6β1 and α6β4 in these cells. Integrin α6 and β4 expression was also reduced when α2 expression was chemically induced using tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA). Our results thus show that integrin α2β1 expression negatively regulates integrin α6β1 and α6β4-mediated adhesion, spreading and invasion on laminin in different cancer cell types. In contrast to SAOS-WT, but similar to SAOS-A2 osteosarcoma cells, primary Human osteoblasts (HOB) cells express α2 but only low levels of β4 integrin, preferentially adhere to and spread on collagen over laminin and show suppressed laminin-dependent transmigration. By enhancing collagen binding directly and suppressing laminin binding indirectly through laminin receptor downregulation, α2β1 expression may thus re-direct migrating cancer cells from laminin-rich to collagenous tissues and partially revert osteosarcoma cells towards an untransformed phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dao
- Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carina Blaue
- Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clemens M Franz
- Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan.
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3
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Integrin α2β1 Represents a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker in Primary Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030289. [PMID: 33809043 PMCID: PMC7999332 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the same first-line chemotherapy is administered to almost all patients suffering from primary ovarian cancer. The high recurrence rate emphasizes the need for precise drug treatment in primary ovarian cancer. Being crucial in ovarian cancer progression and chemotherapeutic resistance, integrins became promising therapeutic targets. To evaluate its prognostic and predictive value, in the present study, the expression of integrin α2β1 was analyzed immunohistochemically and correlated with the survival data and other therapy-relevant biomarkers. The significant correlation of a high α2β1-expression with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα; p = 0.035) and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR; p = 0.027) was observed. In addition, high α2β1-expression was significantly associated with a low number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (CD3 intratumoral, p = 0.017; CD3 stromal, p = 0.035; PD-1 intratumoral, p = 0.002; PD-1 stromal, p = 0.049) and the lack of PD-L1 expression (p = 0.005). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, patients with a high expression of integrin α2β1 revealed a significant shorter progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.035) and platinum-free interval (PFI, p = 0.034). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, integrin α2β1 was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (p = 0.021) and PFI (p = 0.020). Dual expression of integrin α2β1 and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR; PFS/PFI, p = 0.004) and CD44v6 (PFS, p = 0.000; PFI, p = 0.001; overall survival [OS], p = 0.025) impaired survival. Integrin α2β1 was established as a prognostic and predictive marker in primary ovarian cancer with the potential to stratify patients for chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and to design new targeted treatment strategies.
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Turner KR, Adams C, Staelens S, Deckmyn H, San Antonio J. Crucial Role for Endothelial Cell α2β1 Integrin Receptor Clustering in Collagen-Induced Angiogenesis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1604-1618. [PMID: 31581346 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial mechanism of vascular growth and regeneration that requires biosynthesis and cross-linking of collagens in vivo and is induced by collagen in vitro. Here, we use an in vitro model in which apical Type I collagen gels rapidly induce angiogenesis in endothelial monolayers. We extend previous studies demonstrating the importance of the endothelial α2β1 integrin, a key collagen receptor, in angiogenesis by investigating the roles of receptor clustering and conformational activation. Immunocytochemical localization of α2β1 integrins in endothelial monolayers showed a concentration of integrins along cell-cell borders. After inducing angiogenesis with collagen, the receptors redistributed to apical cell surfaces, aligning with collagen fibers, which were also redistributed during angiogenesis. Levels of conformationally activated α2β1 integrins were unchanged during angiogenesis and undetected on endothelial cells binding collagen in suspension. We mimicked the polyvalency of collagen fibrils using antibody-coated polystyrene beads to cluster endothelial cell surface α2β1 integrins, which induced rapid angiogenesis in the absence of collagen gels. Clustering of αvβ3 integrins and PECAM-1 but not of α1 integrins also induced angiogenesis. Soluble antibodies alone had no effect. Thus, the angiogenic property of collagen may reside in its ability to ligate and cluster cell surface receptors such as α2β1 integrins. Furthermore, synthetic substrates that promote the clustering of select endothelial cell surface receptors mimic the angiogenic properties of Type I collagen and may have applications in promoting vascularization of engineered tissues. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Turner
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher Adams
- Department of Anatomy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Staelens
- Agrosavfe NV, Ghent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - James San Antonio
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Casal JI, Bartolomé RA. RGD cadherins and α2β1 integrin in cancer metastasis: A dangerous liaison. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:321-332. [PMID: 29673969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new cadherin family classification comprising epithelial cadherins (cadherin 17 [CDH17], cadherin 16, VE-cadherin, cadherin 6 and cadherin 20) containing RGD motifs within their sequences. Expression of some RGD cadherins is associated with aggressive forms of cancer during the late stages of metastasis, and CDH17 and VE-cadherin have emerged as critical actors in cancer metastasis. After binding to α2β1 integrin, these cadherins promote integrin β1 activation, and thereby cell adhesion, invasion and proliferation, in liver and lung metastasis. Activation of α2β1 integrin provokes an affinity increase for type IV collagen, a major component of the basement membrane and a critical partner for cell anchoring in liver and other metastatic organs. Activation of α2β1 integrin by RGD motifs breaks an old paradigm of integrin classification and supports an important role of this integrin in cancer metastasis. Recently, synthetic peptides containing the RGD motif of CDH17 elicited highly specific and selective antibodies that block the ability of CDH17 RGD to activate α2β1 integrin. These monoclonal antibodies inhibit metastatic colonization in orthotopic mouse models of liver and lung metastasis for colorectal cancer and melanoma, respectively. Hopefully, blocking the cadherin RGD ligand capacity will give us control over the integrin activity in solid tumors metastasis, paving the way for development of new agents of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28039 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28039 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Bezerra KS, Lima Neto JX, Oliveira JIN, Albuquerque EL, Caetano EWS, Freire VN, Fulco UL. Computational investigation of the α2β1 integrin–collagen triple helix complex interaction. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04175j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, quantum biochemistry methods have been used to describe important protein–protein interactions for the complex integrin–collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Bezerra
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal-RN
- Brazil
| | - J. X. Lima Neto
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal-RN
- Brazil
| | - J. I. N. Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal-RN
- Brazil
| | - E. L. Albuquerque
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal-RN
- Brazil
| | - E. W. S. Caetano
- Instituto Federal de Educação
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará
- Fortaleza-CE
- Brazil
| | - V. N. Freire
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza-CE
- Brazil
| | - U. L. Fulco
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal-RN
- Brazil
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7
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Madamanchi A, Santoro SA, Zutter MM. α2β1 Integrin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 819:41-60. [PMID: 25023166 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9153-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The α2β1 integrin, also known as VLA-2, GPIa-IIa, CD49b, was first identified as an extracellular matrix receptor for collagens and/or laminins [55, 56]. It is now recognized that the α2β1 integrin serves as a receptor for many matrix and nonmatrix molecules [35, 79, 128]. Extensive analyses have clearly elucidated the α2 I domain structural motifs required for ligand binding, and also defined distinct conformations that lead to inactive, partially active or highly active ligand binding [3, 37, 66, 123, 136, 137, 140]. The mechanisms by which the α2β1 integrin plays a critical role in platelet function and homeostasis have been carefully defined via in vitro and in vivo experiments [76, 104, 117, 125]. Genetic and epidemiologic studies have confirmed human physiology and disease states mediated by this receptor in immunity, cancer, and development [6, 20, 21, 32, 43, 90]. The role of the α2β1 integrin in these multiple complex biologic processes will be discussed in the chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasakiran Madamanchi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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9
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El Azreq MA, Naci D, Aoudjit F. Collagen/β1 integrin signaling up-regulates the ABCC1/MRP-1 transporter in an ERK/MAPK-dependent manner. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3473-84. [PMID: 22787275 PMCID: PMC3431945 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-02-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen/β1 integrin/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling up-regulates the expression and function of ABCC1 transporter. This suggests that its activation could represent an important pathway in cancer chemoresistance. The mechanisms by which β1 integrins regulate chemoresistance of cancer cells are still poorly understood. In this study, we report that collagen/β1 integrin signaling inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of Jurkat and HSB2 leukemic T-cells by up-regulating the expression and function of the ATP-binding cassette C 1 (ABCC1) transporter, also known as multidrug resistance–associated protein 1. We find that collagen but not fibronectin reduces intracellular doxorubicin content and up-regulates the expression levels of ABCC1. Inhibition and knockdown studies show that up-regulation of ABCC1 is necessary for collagen-mediated reduction of intracellular doxorubicin content and collagen-mediated inhibition of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrate that activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is involved in collagen-induced reduction of intracellular doxorubicin accumulation, collagen-induced up-regulation of ABCC1 expression levels, and collagen-mediated cell survival. Finally, collagen-mediated up-regulation of ABCC1 expression and function also requires actin polymerization. Taken together, our results indicate for the first time that collagen/β1 integrin/ERK signaling up-regulates the expression and function of ABCC1 and suggest that its activation could represent an important pathway in cancer chemoresistance. Thus simultaneous targeting of collagen/β1 integrin and ABCC1 may be more efficient in preventing drug resistance than targeting each pathway alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed-Amine El Azreq
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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Naci D, El Azreq MA, Chetoui N, Lauden L, Sigaux F, Charron D, Al-Daccak R, Aoudjit F. α2β1 integrin promotes chemoresistance against doxorubicin in cancer cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17065-17076. [PMID: 22457358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and the mechanisms by which β1 integrins regulate the survival and chemoresistance of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) still are poorly addressed. In this study, we demonstrate in T-ALL cell lines and primary blasts, that engagement of α2β1 integrin with its ligand collagen I (ColI), reduces doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, whereas fibronectin (Fn) had no effect. ColI but not Fn inhibited doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. ColI but not Fn also prevented doxorubicin from down-regulating the levels of the prosurvival Bcl-2 protein family member Mcl-1. The effect of ColI on Mcl-1 occurred through the inhibition of doxorubicin-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Mcl-1 knockdown experiments showed that the maintenance of Mcl-1 levels is essential for ColI-mediated T-ALL cell survival. Furthermore, activation of MAPK/ERK, but not PI3K/AKT, is required for ColI-mediated inhibition of doxorubicin-induced JNK activation and apoptosis and for ColI-mediated maintenance of Mcl-1 levels. Thus, our study identifies α2β1 integrin as an important survival pathway in drug-induced apoptosis of T-ALL cells and suggests that its activation can contribute to the generation of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Naci
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Mohammed-Amine El Azreq
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Nizar Chetoui
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Laura Lauden
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 940, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Université Paris Denis Diderot, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - François Sigaux
- INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Université Paris Denis Diderot, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Charron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 940, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Université Paris Denis Diderot, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 940, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Université Paris Denis Diderot, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Québec G1V4G2, Canada.
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Goggs R, Poole AW. Platelet signaling-a primer. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2012; 22:5-29. [PMID: 22316389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the receptors and signal transduction pathways involved in platelet plug formation and to highlight links between platelets, leukocytes, endothelium, and the coagulation system. DATA SOURCES Original studies, review articles, and book chapters in the human and veterinary medical fields. DATA SYNTHESIS Platelets express numerous surface receptors. Critical among these are glycoprotein VI, the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex, integrin α(IIb) β(3) , and the G-protein-coupled receptors for thrombin, ADP, and thromboxane. Activation of these receptors leads to various important functional events, in particular activation of the principal adhesion receptor α(IIb) β(3) . Integrin activation allows binding of ligands such as fibrinogen, mediating platelet-platelet interaction in the process of aggregation. Signals activated by these receptors also couple to 3 other important functional events, secretion of granule contents, change in cell shape through cytoskeletal rearrangement, and procoagulant membrane expression. These processes generate a stable thrombus to limit blood loss and promote restoration of endothelial integrity. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in our understanding of how platelets operate through their signaling networks are critical for diagnosis of unusual primary hemostatic disorders and for rational antithrombotic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.
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Martínez-Viñambres E, García-Trujillo JA, Rodríguez-Martín E, Villar LM, Coll J, Roldán E. CD29 expressed on plasma cells is activated by divalent cations and soluble CD106 contained in the bone marrow plasma: refractory activation is associated with enhanced proliferation and exit of clonal plasma cells to circulation in multiple myeloma patients. Leukemia 2011; 26:1098-105. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Broos K, De Meyer SF, Feys HB, Vanhoorelbeke K, Deckmyn H. Blood platelet biochemistry. Thromb Res 2011; 129:245-9. [PMID: 22119499 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Defects in platelet function or formation increase the risk for bleeding or thrombosis, which indicates the crucial role for platelets in maintaining haemostasis in normal life. Upon vascular injury, platelets instantly adhere to the exposed extracellular matrix which results in platelet activation and aggregation and the formation a haemostatic plug that stops bleeding. To prevent excessive platelet aggregate formation that eventually would occlude the vessels, this self-amplifying process nevertheless requires a tight control. This review intends to give a comprehensive overview of the currently established main mechanisms in platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Broos
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Broos K, Feys HB, De Meyer SF, Vanhoorelbeke K, Deckmyn H. Platelets at work in primary hemostasis. Blood Rev 2011; 25:155-67. [PMID: 21496978 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
When platelet numbers are low or when their function is disabled, the risk of bleeding is high, which on the one hand indicates that in normal life vascular damage is a rather common event and that hence the role of platelets in maintaining a normal hemostasis is a continuously ongoing physiological process. Upon vascular injury, platelets instantly adhere to the exposed extracellular matrix resulting in platelet activation and aggregation to form a hemostatic plug. This self-amplifying mechanism nevertheless requires a tight control to prevent uncontrolled platelet aggregate formation that eventually would occlude the vessel. Therefore endothelial cells produce inhibitory compounds such as prostacyclin and nitric oxide that limit the growth of the platelet thrombus to the damaged area. With this review, we intend to give an integrated survey of the platelet response to vascular injury in normal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Broos
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kortrijk, Belgium.
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15
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Abstract
Platelets play a central role in maintaining hemostasis mainly by binding to subendothelial collagen exposed upon vascular injury, thereby initiating thrombus formation. Platelets can bind directly to the exposed collagen through two major receptors i.e. the integrin a2b1 and glycoprotein (GP) VI. However, under high shear conditions the GPIb-V-IX receptor complex and its main ligand von Willebrand Factor are additionally needed for firm platelet adhesion to the vessel wall. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the individual roles and structure-function relationships of these main platelet adhesion receptors.
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16
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Cailleteau L, Estrach S, Thyss R, Boyer L, Doye A, Domange B, Johnsson N, Rubinstein E, Boucheix C, Ebrahimian T, Silvestre JS, Lemichez E, Meneguzzi G, Mettouchi A. alpha2beta1 integrin controls association of Rac with the membrane and triggers quiescence of endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:2491-501. [PMID: 20592186 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.058875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors and their extracellular matrix ligands provide cues to cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. Here, we show that alpha2beta1 integrin, when ligated to the basement membrane component laminin-1, triggers a proliferation arrest in primary endothelial cells. Indeed, in the presence of strong growth signals supplied by growth factors and fibronectin, alpha2beta1 engagement alters assembly of mature focal adhesions by alpha5beta1 and leads to impairment of downstream signaling and cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Although the capacity of alpha5beta1 to signal for GTP loading of Rac is preserved, the joint engagement of alpha2beta1 interferes with membrane anchorage of Rac. Adapting the 'split-ubiquitin' sensor to screen for membrane-proximal alpha2 integrin partners, we identified the CD9 tetraspanin and further establish its requirement for destabilization of focal adhesions, control of Rac subcellular localization and growth arrest induced by alpha2beta1 integrin. Altogether, our data establish that alpha2beta1 integrin controls endothelial cell commitment towards quiescence by triggering a CD9-dependent dominant signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cailleteau
- INSERM, U634, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, F-06107, France
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17
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Lenting PJ, Westerlaken GHA, Denis CV, Akkerman JW, Meyaard L. Efficient inhibition of collagen-induced platelet activation and adhesion by LAIR-2, a soluble Ig-like receptor family member. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12174. [PMID: 20730098 PMCID: PMC2921339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LAIR-1 (Leukocyte Associated Ig-like Receptor -1) is a collagen receptor that functions as an inhibitory receptor on immune cells. It has a soluble family member, LAIR-2, that also binds collagen and can interfere with LAIR-1/collagen interactions. Collagen is a main initiator for platelet adhesion and aggregation. Here, we explored the potential of soluble LAIR proteins to inhibit thrombus formation in vitro. LAIR-2/Fc but not LAIR-1/Fc inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, LAIR-2/Fc also interfered with platelet adhesion to collagen at low shear rate (300 s(-1); IC(50) = 18 microg/ml) and high shear rate (1500 s(-1); IC(50) = 30 microg/ml). Additional experiments revealed that LAIR-2/Fc leaves interactions between collagen and alpha2beta1 unaffected, but efficiently prevents binding of collagen to Glycoprotein VI and von Willebrand factor. Thus, LAIR-2/Fc has the capacity to interfere with platelet-collagen interactions mediated by Glycoprotein VI and the VWF/Glycoprotein Ib axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Lenting
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U770 & Univ Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cécile V. Denis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U770 & Univ Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jan Willem Akkerman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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18
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Crystal structure and collagen-binding site of immune inhibitory receptor LAIR-1: unexpected implications for collagen binding by platelet receptor GPVI. Blood 2010; 115:1364-73. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-10-246322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), one of the most widely spread immune receptors, attenuates immune cell activation when bound to specific sites in collagen. The collagen-binding domain of LAIR-1 is homologous to that of glycoprotein VI (GPVI), a collagen receptor crucial for platelet activation. Because LAIR-1 and GPVI also display overlapping collagen-binding specificities, a common structural basis for collagen recognition would appear likely. Therefore, it is crucial to gain insight into the molecular interaction of both receptors with their ligand to prevent unwanted cross-reactions during therapeutic intervention. We determined the crystal structure of LAIR-1 and mapped its collagen-binding site by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titrations and mutagenesis. Our data identify R59, E61, and W109 as key residues for collagen interaction. These residues are strictly conserved in LAIR-1 and GPVI alike; however, they are located outside the previously proposed GPVI collagen-binding site. Our data provide evidence for an unanticipated mechanism of collagen recognition common to LAIR-1 and GPVI. This fundamental insight will contribute to the exploration of specific means of intervention in collagen-induced signaling in immunity and hemostasis.
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19
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San Antonio JD, Zoeller JJ, Habursky K, Turner K, Pimtong W, Burrows M, Choi S, Basra S, Bennett JS, DeGrado WF, Iozzo RV. A key role for the integrin alpha2beta1 in experimental and developmental angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1338-47. [PMID: 19700757 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The alpha2beta1 integrin receptor plays a key role in angiogenesis. Here we investigated the effects of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) designed to disrupt integrin alpha2 I or beta1 I-like domain function on angiogenesis. In unchallenged endothelial cells, fibrillar collagen induced robust capillary morphogenesis. In contrast, tube formation was significantly reduced by SMI496, a beta1 I-like domain inhibitor and by function-blocking anti-alpha2beta1 but not -alpha1beta1 antibodies. Endothelial cells bound fluorescein-labeled collagen I fibrils, an interaction specifically inhibited by SMI496. Moreover, SMI496 caused cell retraction and cytoskeletal collapse of endothelial cells as well as delayed endothelial cell wound healing. SMI activities were examined in vivo by supplementing the growth medium of zebrafish embryos expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 promoter. SMI496, but not a control compound, interfered with angiogenesis in vivo by reversibly inhibiting sprouting from the axial vessels. We further characterized zebrafish alpha2 integrin and discovered that this integrin is highly conserved, especially the I domain. Notably, a similar vascular phenotype was induced by morpholino-mediated knockdown of the integrin alpha2 subunit. By live videomicroscopy, we confirmed that the vessels were largely nonfunctional in the absence of alpha2beta1 integrin. Collectively, our results provide strong biochemical and genetic evidence of a central role for alpha2beta1 integrin in experimental and developmental angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D San Antonio
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, 1020 Locust Street, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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20
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Cosemans JMEM, Iserbyt BF, Deckmyn H, Heemskerk JWM. Multiple ways to switch platelet integrins on and off. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1253-61. [PMID: 18513212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the classical concept of platelet integrin activation, it is considered that unidirectional conformational changes of alpha(IIb)beta(3) and alpha(2)beta(1) regulate the adhesiveness of platelets for fibrin(ogen) and collagen, respectively. Here, we summarize recent evidence that these conformational changes: (i) can also occur in the reverse direction; and (ii) are not independent events. Platelet stimulation through the P2Y(12) receptors provokes only transient alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation via signaling routes involving phosphoinositide 3-kinases and Rap1b. Furthermore, alpha(IIb)beta(3) can be secondarily inactivated in platelets with prolonged high Ca(2+) rises, which expose phosphatidylserine and bind coagulation factors. Thus, platelet stimulation with strong agonists (collagen and thrombin) also results in transient integrin activation. Integrin alpha(2)beta(1) is found to be activated by a mechanism that is directly linked to alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation. Integrin alpha(2)beta(1) can adopt different activation states, depending on the trigger. Conclusively, reversibility and synchrony of platelet integrin activation are newly identified mechanisms to restrict thrombus growth and to allow optimal coagulation factor binding. Back-shifting of activated integrins towards their resting state may be a novel goal of antithrombotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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21
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Effects of conformational activation of integrin α1I and α2I domains on selective recognition of laminin and collagen subtypes. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1734-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Varga-Szabo D, Pleines I, Nieswandt B. Cell Adhesion Mechanisms in Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:403-12. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.150474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Varga-Szabo
- From the Rudolf Virchow Center (D.V.-S., I.P., B.N.), DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry (B.N.), University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Irina Pleines
- From the Rudolf Virchow Center (D.V.-S., I.P., B.N.), DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry (B.N.), University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- From the Rudolf Virchow Center (D.V.-S., I.P., B.N.), DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry (B.N.), University of Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Kotha J, Longhurst C, Appling W, Jennings LK. Tetraspanin CD9 regulates beta 1 integrin activation and enhances cell motility to fibronectin via a PI-3 kinase-dependent pathway. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1811-22. [PMID: 18358474 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanin CD9 regulates cell motility and other adhesive processes in a variety of tissue types. Using transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary cells as our model system, we examined the cellular pathways critical for CD9 promoted cell migration. alpha 5 beta 1 integrin was directly involved as CD9 enhanced migration was abolished by the alpha 5 beta 1 blocking antibody PB1. Furthermore, the ligand mimetic peptide RGDS, significantly upregulated the expression of a beta1 ligand induced binding site (LIBS) demonstrating for the first time that CD9 expression potentiates beta1 integrin high affinity conformation states. CD9 promoted cell motility was significantly blocked by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, whereas inhibitors targeting protein kinase C or mitogen-activated protein kinase had no effect. PI-3K dominant/negative cDNA transfections confirmed that PI-3K was an essential component. CD9 enhanced the phosphorylation of the PI-3K substrate, Akt, in response to cell adhesion on FN. CD9 expression also upregulated p130Cas phosphorylation and total protein levels; however, p130Cas siRNA knockdown did not alter the motile phenotype. CD9 enhanced migration was also unaffected by serum deprivation suggesting that growth factors were not critical. Our studies demonstrate that CD9 upregulates beta1 LIBS, and in concert with alpha 5 beta 1, enhances cell motility to FN via a PI-3K dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprakash Kotha
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence and the Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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24
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Kohl K, Schnautz S, Pesch M, Klein E, Aumailley M, Bieber T, Koch S. Subpopulations of human dendritic cells display a distinct phenotype and bind differentially to proteins of the extracellular matrix. Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 86:719-30. [PMID: 17689829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD1a(pos) dendritic cells (DCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells mainly localized in the skin. Various cells have been identified as precursors of cutaneous DCs, but the definitive precursor subpopulations remain to be defined and characterized in detail. In this study, DCs were generated in vitro from monocytes (monocyte-derived DCs, MoDCs) and from CD34(pos) stem cells (CD34(pos) cell-derived DCs, CD34DCs). By virtue of their CD14 and CD1a expression, four CD34DC subpopulations were characterized while MoDCs contain three different subpopulations. Of these, CD14-expressing cells are considered to be precursors of fully differentiated DCs, which themselves are CD14(neg)CD1a(pos). Both, MoDCs and CD34DCs expressed the alpha integrins LFA-1, Mac-1, CR4, VLA-4, VLA-5 and the beta2 integrin CD18. CD34DCs and MoDCs were negative for VLA-3, whereas MoDCs, but not CD34DCs expressed VLA-6. Phenotypic and functional characterization of the cells generated herein at earlier time points revealed that DCs at day 3 of culture may reflect the in vivo situation more closely than at day 7. Adhesion of DC precursors to endothelial cells and to components of the extracellular matrix is a prerequisite for their migration towards the epidermis. To this end, we investigated adhesion of CD34DCs and MoDCs to components of the cutaneous extracellular matrix. Distinct DC subsets showed a differential binding pattern to proteins of the extracellular matrix. MoDCs and CD34DCs bound preferentially to laminin 332 via CD49f and to fibronectin via CD49e, but only weakly to laminin 111 or to collagens. While CD14(pos) cells preferentially bound to laminin 332, CD1a(pos) cells adhered to fibronectin. In summary, subpopulations of CD34DCs and MoDCs are phenotypically related to each other, but not identical and display differential binding to components of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Kohl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
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25
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Choi S, Vilaire G, Marcinkiewicz C, Winkler JD, Bennett JS, DeGrado WF. Small molecule inhibitors of integrin alpha2beta1. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5457-62. [PMID: 17915848 PMCID: PMC3828121 DOI: 10.1021/jm070252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the integrin, alpha2beta1, and extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly collagen, play a pivotal role in platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. Platelets interact with collagen in the subendothelial matrix that is exposed by vascular damage. To evaluate the potential of alpha2beta1 inhibitors for anticancer and antithrombotic applications, we have developed a series of small molecule inhibitors of this integrin based on a prolyl-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP) scaffold using solid-phase parallel synthesis. A benzenesulfonamide substituent at the N-terminus of the dipepetide and a benzyl urea at the DAP side chain resulted in tight and highly selective inhibition of alpha2beta1-mediated adhesion of human platelets and other cells to collagen.
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26
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Abstract
Stable platelet adhesion to extracellular matrices and the formation of a hemostatic or pathological thrombus are dependent on integrin alphaIIbbeta3, also known as GPIIb-IIIa. However, maximal platelet responses to vascular injury may involve the participation of other integrins expressed in platelets (alphaVbeta3, alpha2beta1, alpha5beta1, and alpha6beta1). Platelet membrane 'immunoreceptors' contain at least one subunit with an extracellular immunoglobulin superfamily domain and/or an intracellular stimulatory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) or immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Platelet ITAM receptors, such as FcgammaRIIA and the GPVI-FcRgamma complex, promote activation of integrins, while ITIM receptors, such as platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, may promote their inhibition. This review summarizes the structure and function of platelet integrins and immunoreceptors, the emerging functional relationships between these receptor classes, and the consequences of their interaction for platelet function in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kasirer-Friede
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0726, USA.
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27
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Farndale RW, Slatter DA, Siljander PRM, Jarvis GE. Platelet receptor recognition and cross-talk in collagen-induced activation of platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5 Suppl 1:220-9. [PMID: 17635730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive mapping of protein-binding sites within human collagen III has allowed the recognition motifs for integrin alpha(2)beta(1) and VWF A3 domain to be identified. Glycoprotein VI-binding sites are understood, although less well defined. This information, together with recent developments in understanding collagen fiber architecture, and crystal structures of the receptor collagen-binding domains, allows a coherent model for the interaction of collagen with the platelet surface to be developed. This complements our understanding of the orchestration of receptor presentation by membrane microdomains, such that the polyvalent collagen surface may stabilize signaling complexes within the heterogeneous receptor composition of the lipid raft. The ensuing interactions lead to the convergence of signals from each of the adhesive receptors, mediated by FcR gamma-chain and/or FcgammaRIIa, leading to concerted and co-operative platelet activation. Each receptor has a shear-dependent role, VWF/GpIb essential at high shear, and alpha(2)beta(1) at low and intermediate shear, whilst GpVI provides core signals that contribute to enhanced integrin affinity, tighter binding to collagen and consequent platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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28
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Käpylä J, Pentikäinen OT, Nyrönen T, Nissinen L, Lassander S, Jokinen J, Lahti M, Marjamäki A, Johnson MS, Heino J. Small molecule designed to target metal binding site in the alpha2I domain inhibits integrin function. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2742-6. [PMID: 17447751 DOI: 10.1021/jm070063t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrin alpha2beta1 is a potential target molecule in drug development. We have established "design" criteria for molecules that bind to the "closed" conformation of alpha2I domain via Mg(2+) in MIDAS (metal ion dependent adhesion site) while simultaneously forming interactions with neighboring amino acid residues. Specific tetracyclic Streptomyces products belonging to the group of aromatic polyketides fulfill our criteria and inhibit alpha2beta1 integrin. All previously described inhibitors of alphaI domain integrins act in an allosteric manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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29
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Connors WL, Jokinen J, White DJ, Puranen JS, Kankaanpää P, Upla P, Tulla M, Johnson MS, Heino J. Two synergistic activation mechanisms of alpha2beta1 integrin-mediated collagen binding. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:14675-83. [PMID: 17374611 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700759200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of protein kinase C by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces ligand-independent aggregation of a cell surface collagen receptor, alpha2beta1 integrin. Concomitantly, TPA increases the avidity of alpha2beta1 for collagen and the number of conformationally activated alpha2beta1 integrins. The structural change was shown using a monoclonal antibody 12F1 that recognizes the "open" (active) conformation of the inserted domain in the alpha2 subunit (alpha2I). Amino acid residue Glu-336 in alpha2 subunit is proposed to mediate the interaction between alpha2I domain and beta1 subunit. Glu-336 seems to regulate a switch between open and "closed" conformations, since the mutation alpha2E336A inhibited the TPA-related increase in the number of 12F1 positive integrins. E336A also reduced cell adhesion to collagen. However, E336A did not prevent the TPA-related increase in adhesion to collagen or alpha2beta1 aggregation. Thus, alpha2beta1 integrin avidity is regulated by two synergistic mechanisms, first an alpha2E336-dependent switch to the open alpha2I conformation, and second an alpha2E336-independent mechanism temporally associated with receptor aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Connors
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Bix G, Iozzo RA, Woodall B, Burrows M, McQuillan A, Campbell S, Fields GB, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin, the C-terminal angiostatic module of perlecan, enhances collagen-platelet responses via the alpha2beta1-integrin receptor. Blood 2006; 109:3745-8. [PMID: 17197432 PMCID: PMC1874567 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-08-039925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, a C-terminal fragment of the vascular basement membrane proteoglycan perlecan, inhibits angiogenesis via the alpha2beta1-integrin receptor. Because this integrin is also implicated in platelet-collagen responses and because endorepellin or its fragments are generated in response to injury and inflammation, we hypothesized that endorepellin could also affect platelet biology. We discovered that endorepellin supported alpha2beta1-dependent platelet adhesion, without appreciably activating or aggregating platelets. Notably, endorepellin enhanced collagen-evoked responses in platelets, in a src kinase-dependent fashion, and enhanced the collagen-inhibitory effect of an alpha2beta1-integrin function-blocking antibody. Collectively, these results suggest that endorepellin/alpha2beta1-integrin interaction and effects are specific and dependent on cell type, differ from those emanated by exposure to collagen, and may be due to cellular differences in alpha2beta1-integrin activation/ligand affinity state. These studies also suggest a heretofore unrecognized role for angiostatic basement membrane fragments in platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Bix
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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31
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Bix G, Castello R, Burrows M, Zoeller JJ, Weech M, Iozzo RA, Cardi C, Thakur ML, Barker CA, Camphausen K, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin In Vivo: Targeting the Tumor Vasculature and Retarding Cancer Growth and Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 98:1634-46. [PMID: 17105986 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiangiogenic approach to controlling cancer requires a better understanding of angiogenesis and the discovery of new compounds that modulate this key biological process. Here we investigated the role of endorepellin, an angiostatic protein fragment that is derived from the C-terminus of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in controlling tumor angiogenesis in vivo. METHODS We administered human recombinant endorepellin systemically to mice bearing orthotopic squamous carcinoma xenografts or syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma tumors. We monitored tumor growth, angiogenesis, metabolism, hypoxia, and mitotic index by using quantitative immunohistochemistry and positron emission tomography scan imaging. In addition, we determined the localization of injected endorepellin using near-infrared labeling and immunohistochemistry of frozen tumor sections. Finally, we isolated tumor-derived endothelial cells and tested whether endorepellin could interact with these cells and disrupt in vitro capillary morphogenesis. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Endorepellin specifically targeted the tumor vasculature as determined by immunohistochemical analysis and accumulated in the tumor perivascular zones where it persisted for several days as discrete deposits. This led to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis (as measured by decreased CD31-positive cells, mean control = 1902 CD31-positive pixels, mean endorepellin treated = 343.9, difference between means = 1558, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1296 to 1820, P<.001), enhanced tumor hypoxia, and a statistically significant decrease in tumor metabolism and mitotic index (as measured by decreased Ki67-positive cells, mean control Ki67 pixels = 5970, mean endorepellin-treated Ki67 pixels = 3644, difference between means = 2326, 95% CI = 1904 to 2749, P<.001) compared to untreated controls. Endorepellin was actively internalized by tumor-derived endothelial cells causing a redistribution of alpha2beta1 integrin such that both proteins colocalized to punctate deposits in the perivascular region. Endorepellin treatment inhibited in vitro capillary morphogenesis of both normal and tumor-derived endothelia. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide support for the hypothesis that endorepellin is an effective antitumor vasculature agent that could be used as a therapeutic modality to combat cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/administration & dosage
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Infusions, Parenteral
- Integrin alpha2beta1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mitotic Index
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Random Allocation
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Bix
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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32
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Van de Walle GR, Schoolmeester A, Iserbyt BF, Cosemans JMEM, Heemskerk JWM, Hoylaerts MF, Nurden A, Vanhoorelbeke K, Deckmyn H. Activation of αIIbβ3 is a sufficient but also an imperative prerequisite for activation of α2β1 on platelets. Blood 2006; 109:595-602. [PMID: 16985184 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-11-011775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPlatelet integrins α2β1 and αIIbβ3 play critical roles in platelet adhesion and thrombus formation after vascular injury. On resting platelets, both integrins are in a low-affinity state. However, agonist stimulation results in conformational changes that enable ligand binding that can be detected with conformation dependent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). By using such conformation-dependent mAbs, we could demonstrate that activation of integrin αIIbβ3 is not only sufficient, but also a prerequisite for α2β1 activation. Compared with platelets in plasma, stimulation of washed platelets resulted in only a minor activation of α2β1, as detected with the activation-sensitive mAb IAC-1. Addition of fibrinogen to stimulated washed platelets greatly potentiated activation of this integrin. Also, treatment of αIIbβ3 with the ligand-mimetic peptide RGDS, resulting in outside-in signaling, led to a powerful α2β1 activation, even in the absence of overall platelet activation, involving tyrosine kinase activity but no protein kinase C activation. The absolute necessity of αIIbβ3 for proper α2β1 activation on platelets was demonstrated by using the αIIbβ3 antagonist aggrastat, which was able to completely abolish α2β1 activation, both under static and flow conditions. In addition, analogous experiments with Glanzmann platelets lacking αIIbβ3 confirmed the indispensability of αIIbβ3 for α2β1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, KU Leuven Campus Kortrijk, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium, and Institut Fédératif No. 4, Hôpital Cardiologique, Pessac, France
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33
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Orr AW, Ginsberg MH, Shattil SJ, Deckmyn H, Schwartz MA. Matrix-specific suppression of integrin activation in shear stress signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:4686-97. [PMID: 16928957 PMCID: PMC1635406 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-04-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque develops at sites of disturbed flow. We previously showed that flow activates endothelial cell integrins, which then bind to the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM), and, in cells on fibronectin or fibrinogen, trigger nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Additionally, fibronectin and fibrinogen are deposited into the subendothelial ECM at atherosclerosis-prone sites at early times. We now show that flow activates ECM-specific signals that establish patterns of integrin dominance. Flow induced alpha2beta1 activation in cells on collagen, but not on fibronectin or fibrinogen. Conversely, alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 are activated on fibronectin and fibrinogen, but not collagen. Failure of these integrins to be activated on nonpermissive ECM is because of active suppression by the integrins that are ligated. Protein kinase A is activated specifically on collagen and suppresses flow-induced alphavbeta3 activation. Alternatively, protein kinase Calpha is activated on fibronectin and mediates alpha2beta1 suppression. Thus, integrins actively cross-inhibit through specific kinase pathways. These mechanisms may determine cellular responses to complex extracellular matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wayne Orr
- *Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, and
| | - Mark H. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103; and
| | - Sanford J. Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103; and
| | - Hans Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven Campus Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Departments of Microbiology and Biomedical Engineering
- *Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, and
- Mellon Prostate Cancer Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Aylward K, Meade G, Ahrens I, Devocelle M, Moran N. A novel functional role for the highly conserved alpha-subunit KVGFFKR motif distinct from integrin alphaIIbbeta3 activation processes. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:1804-12. [PMID: 16879224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly conserved integrin alpha-subunit membrane-proximal motif KVGFFKR plays a decisive role in modulating the activation of integrin alphaIIbbeta3. Previously, we have shown that a platelet permeable palmityl (pal)-peptide with this seven amino acid sequence can directly activate alphaIIbbeta3 leading to platelet aggregation. OBJECTIVES To investigate further the role of the KVGFFKR motif in integrin alphaIIbbeta3 function. METHODS We used two sequence-specific complementary model systems, palmityl pal-peptides in platelets, and mutant alphaIIbbeta3-expressing Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. RESULTS In platelets we show that the two phenylalanine amino acids in pal-KVGFFKR (pal-FF) peptide are critical for stimulating platelet aggregation. Pal-FF peptide treatment of platelets also gives rise to a tyrosine phosphorylation signal despite the presence of inhibitors of fibrinogen binding. In CHO cells, a double alanine substitution, alphaIIb(F992A, F993A)beta3, induces constitutive integrin activation but prevents actin stress fiber formation upon adhesion to fibrinogen, suggesting that alphaIIbbeta3-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization is also dependent on F992 and F993. This further highlights a critical role for the two phenylalanine residues in both of these alphaIIbbeta3-mediated processes. CONCLUSION In addition to regulating integrin alphaIIbbeta3 activation state, the KVGFFKR motif also influences cytoskeletal reorganization. This activity is critically determined by F992 and F993 within the seven amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aylward
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang ZG, Bothe I, Hirche F, Zweers M, Gullberg D, Pfitzer G, Krieg T, Eckes B, Aumailley M. Interactions of primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes with extracellular matrix proteins: contribution of α2β1 integrin. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:1886-95. [PMID: 16636073 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The α2β1 integrin is a collagen-binding protein with very high affinity for collagen I. It also binds several other collagens and laminins and it is expressed by many cells, including keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the skin. In the past, α2β1 integrin was suggested to be responsible for cell attachment, spreading and migration on monomeric collagen I and contraction of three-dimensional collagen lattices. In view of these functions, normal development and fertility in integrin α2-deficient mice, which we generated by targeting the integrin α2 gene, came as a surprise. This suggested the existence of compensatory mechanisms that we investigate here using primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes isolated from wild-type and α2-deficient mice, antibodies blocking integrin function and downregulation of integrin α2 expression. The results show that the α2β1 integrin is absolutely required for keratinocyte adhesion to collagens whereas for fibroblasts other collagen-binding integrins partially back-up the lack of α2β1 in simple adhesion to collagen monomers. A prominent requirement for α2β1 integrins became apparent when fibroblasts executed mechanical tasks of high complexity in three-dimensional surroundings, such as contracting free-floating collagen gels and developing isometric forces in tethered lattices. The deficits observed for α2-deficient fibroblasts appeared to be linked to alterations in the distribution of force-bearing focal adhesions and deregulation of Rho-GTPase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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