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Veselov IM, Vinogradova DV, Maltsev AV, Shevtsov PN, Spirkova EA, Bachurin SO, Shevtsova EF. Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress as a Link between Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14450. [PMID: 37833898 PMCID: PMC10572926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the problems of the common features linking metabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes with the development of Alzheimer's disease. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease closely intersects with the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes development, and an important risk factor for both pathologies is aging. Common pathological mechanisms include both factors in the development of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and amyloidosis, as well as impaired mitochondrial dysfunctions and increasing cell death. The currently available drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease have limited therapeutic efficacy. It is important to note that drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease, in particular acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, show a positive therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, while drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes can also prevent a number of pathologies characteristic for Alzheimer's disease. A promising direction in the search for a strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease may be the creation of complex multi-target drugs that have neuroprotective potential and affect specific common targets for type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena F. Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (I.M.V.); (A.V.M.); (P.N.S.); (E.A.S.); (S.O.B.)
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2
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Cumhur Cure M, Cure E. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may cause liver injury via Na +/H + exchanger. World J Virol 2023; 12:12-21. [PMID: 36743661 PMCID: PMC9896593 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has many significant functions, such as detoxification, the urea cycle, gluconeogenesis, and protein synthesis. Systemic diseases, hypoxia, infections, drugs, and toxins can easily affect the liver, which is extremely sensitive to injury. Systemic infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can cause liver damage. The primary regulator of intracellular pH in the liver is the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE). Physiologically, NHE protects hepatocytes from apoptosis by making the intracellular pH alkaline. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 increases local angiotensin II levels by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. In severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019, high angi-otensin II levels may cause NHE overstimulation and lipid accumulation in the liver. NHE overstimulation can lead to hepatocyte death. NHE overstimulation may trigger a cytokine storm by increasing proinflammatory cytokines in the liver. Since the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 increases with NHE activation, the virus may indirectly cause an increase in fibrinogen and D-dimer levels. NHE overstimulation may cause thrombotic events and systemic damage by increasing fibrinogen levels and cytokine release. Also, NHE overstimulation causes an increase in the urea cycle while inhibiting vitamin D synthesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Increasing NHE3 activity leads to Na+ loading, which impairs the containment and fluidity of bile acid. NHE overstimulation can change the gut microbiota composition by disrupting the structure and fluidity of bile acid, thus triggering systemic damage. Unlike other tissues, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and angiotensin II decrease NHE3 activity in the intestine. Thus, increased luminal Na+ leads to diarrhea and cytokine release. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced local and systemic damage can be improved by preventing virus-induced NHE overstimulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Cumhur Cure
- Department of Biochemistry, Private Tanfer Hospital, Istanbul 34394, Turkey
| | - Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bagcilar Medilife Hospital, Istanbul 34200, Turkey
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3
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Kozma M, Bombicz M, Varga B, Priksz D, Gesztelyi R, Tarjanyi V, Kiss R, Szekeres R, Takacs B, Menes A, Balla J, Balla G, Szilvassy J, Szilvassy Z, Juhasz B. Cardioprotective Role of BGP-15 in Ageing Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat (ZDF) Model: Extended Mitochondrial Longevity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020226. [PMID: 35213959 PMCID: PMC8878257 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function is associated with several metabolic diseases and health conditions, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as well as ageing. The close relationship between the above-mentioned diseases and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (diabetic cardiomyopathy and age-related cardiovascular diseases) has long been known. Mitochondria have a crucial role: they are a primary source of energy produced in the form of ATP via fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and electron transport chain (ETC), and ATP synthase acts as a key regulator of cardiomyocyte survival. Mitochondrial medicine has been increasingly discussed as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of CVD. It is well known that vitamin B3 as an NAD+ precursor exists in several forms, e.g., nicotinic acid (niacin) and nicotinamide (NAM). These cofactors are central to cellular homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, and reactive oxygen species generation and inhibition. Increasing evidence suggests that the nicotinic acid derivative BGP-15 ((3-piperidine-2-hydroxy-1-propyl)-nicotinic amidoxime) improves cardiac function by reducing the incidence of arrhythmias and improves diastolic function in different animal models. Our team has valid reasons to assume that these cardioprotective effects of BGP-15 are based on its NAD+ precursor property. Our hypothesis was supported by an animal experiment where ageing ZDF rats were treated with BGP-15 for one year. Haemodynamic variables were measured with echocardiography to detect diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) and age-related CVD as well. In the ZDF group, advanced HF was diagnosed, whereas the BGP-15-treated ZDF group showed diastolic dysfunction only. The significant difference between the two groups was supported by post-mortem Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome staining of cardiac tissues. Moreover, our hypothesis was further confirmed by the significantly elevated Cytochrome c oxidase (MTCO) and ATP synthase activity and expression detected with ELISA and Western blot analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of BGP-15 on cardiac mitochondrial respiration in an ageing ZDF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Kozma
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Balazs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Daniel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Vera Tarjanyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Reka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Barbara Takacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Akos Menes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jozsef Balla
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gyorgy Balla
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Judit Szilvassy
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltan Szilvassy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Bela Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (D.P.); (R.G.); (V.T.); (R.K.); (R.S.); (B.T.); (A.M.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-5242-7899 (ext. 56109)
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4
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Deng Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Huang J, Zhang D, Luo J. HO-1 mediated by PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway is involved in (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-rescueing impaired cognitive function induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rat model. Exp Aging Res 2022; 48:428-443. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.2011689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Daijiang Zhang
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
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5
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Luu Hoang KN, Anstee JE, Arnold JN. The Diverse Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tumor Progression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658315. [PMID: 33868304 PMCID: PMC8044534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible intracellular enzyme that is expressed in response to a variety of stimuli to degrade heme, which generates the biologically active catabolites carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and ferrous iron (Fe2+). HO-1 is expressed across a range of cancers and has been demonstrated to promote tumor progression through a variety of mechanisms. HO-1 can be expressed in a variety of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), including both the malignant tumor cells as well as stromal cell populations such as macrophages, dendritic cells and regulatory T-cells. Intrinsically to the cell, HO-1 activity provides antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effects via its catabolites as well as clearing toxic intracellular heme. However, the catabolites of heme degradation can also diffuse outside of the cell to extrinsically modulate the wider TME, influencing cellular functionality and biological processes which promote tumor progression, such as facilitating angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as promoting anti-inflammation and immune suppression. Pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic approach to promote anti-tumor immune responses and inhibit metastasis. However, these biological functions might be context, TME and cell type-dependent as there is also conflicting reports for HO-1 activity facilitating anti-tumoral processes. This review will consider our current understanding of the role of HO-1 in cancer progression and as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ngan Luu Hoang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Anstee
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Arnold
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Martínez-Casales M, Hernanz R, Alonso MJ. Vascular and Macrophage Heme Oxygenase-1 in Hypertension: A Mini-Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:643435. [PMID: 33716792 PMCID: PMC7952647 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.643435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one predictive factor for stroke and heart ischemic disease. Nowadays, it is considered an inflammatory disease with elevated cytokine levels, oxidative stress, and infiltration of immune cells in several organs including heart, kidney, and vessels, which contribute to the hypertension-associated cardiovascular damage. Macrophages, the most abundant immune cells in tissues, have a high degree of plasticity that is manifested by polarization in different phenotypes, with the most well-known being M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). In hypertension, M1 phenotype predominates, producing inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, and mediating many mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The increase in the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic activity contributes to the macrophage mobilization and to its polarization to the pro-inflammatory phenotype. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a phase II detoxification enzyme responsible for heme catabolism, is induced by oxidative stress, among others. HO-1 has been shown to protect against oxidative and inflammatory insults in hypertension, reducing end organ damage and blood pressure, not only by its expression at the vascular level, but also by shifting macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype. The regulatory role of heme availability for the synthesis of enzymes involved in hypertension development, such as cyclooxygenase or nitric oxide synthase, seems to be responsible for many of the beneficial HO-1 effects; additionally, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative effects of the end products of its reaction, carbon monoxide, biliverdin/bilirubin, and Fe2+, would also contribute. In this review, we analyze the role of HO-1 in hypertensive pathology, focusing on its expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Casales
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Alonso
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Uddin MJ, Kim EH, Hannan MA, Ha H. Pharmacotherapy against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease: Promising Small Molecule Natural Products Targeting Nrf2-HO-1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020258. [PMID: 33562389 PMCID: PMC7915495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) intertwined with cardiovascular disease has become a major health problem. Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of CKD. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) antioxidant system plays a critical role in kidney protection by regulating antioxidants during OS. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), one of the targets of Nrf2-ARE, plays an important role in regulating OS and is protective in a variety of human and animal models of kidney disease. Thus, activation of Nrf2-HO-1 signaling may offer a potential approach to the design of novel therapeutic agents for kidney diseases. In this review, we have discussed the association between OS and the pathogenesis of CKD. We propose Nrf2-HO-1 signaling-mediated cell survival systems be explored as pharmacological targets for the treatment of CKD and have reviewed the literature on the beneficial effects of small molecule natural products that may provide protection against CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.J.U.); (E.H.K.)
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | - Ee Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.J.U.); (E.H.K.)
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (M.J.U.); (E.H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-4075
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8
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Carr JF, Garcia D, Scaffa A, Peterson AL, Ghio AJ, Dennery PA. Heme Oxygenase-1 Supports Mitochondrial Energy Production and Electron Transport Chain Activity in Cultured Lung Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186941. [PMID: 32971746 PMCID: PMC7554745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 is induced by many cellular stressors and catalyzes the breakdown of heme to generate carbon monoxide and bilirubin, which confer cytoprotection. The role of HO-1 likely extends beyond the simple production of antioxidants, for example HO-1 activity has also been implicated in metabolism, but this function remains unclear. Here we used an HO-1 knockout lung cell line to further define the contribution of HO-1 to cellular metabolism. We found that knockout cells exhibit reduced growth and mitochondrial respiration, measured by oxygen consumption rate. Specifically, we found that HO-1 contributed to electron transport chain activity and utilization of certain mitochondrial fuels. Loss of HO-1 had no effect on intracellular non-heme iron concentration or on proteins whose levels and activities depend on available iron. We show that HO-1 supports essential functions of mitochondria, which highlights the protective effects of HO-1 in diverse pathologies and tissue types. Our results suggest that regulation of heme may be an equally significant role of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
| | - David Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-444-5648
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9
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Bellner L, Lebovics NB, Rubinstein R, Buchen YD, Sinatra E, Sinatra G, Abraham NG, McClung JA, Thompson EA. Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation: A Novel Approach in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1045-1060. [PMID: 31891663 PMCID: PMC7153645 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Heme oxygenase (HO) plays a pivotal role in both vascular and metabolic functions and is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and adipocytes. Recent Advances: From the regulation of adipogenesis in adipose tissue to the adaptive response of vascular tissue in the ECs, HO plays a critical role in the capability of the vascular system to respond and adjust to insults in homeostasis. Recent studies show that HO-1 through regulation of adipocyte and adipose tissue functions ultimately aid not only in local but also in systemic maintenance of homeostasis. Critical Issues: Recent advances have revealed the existence of a cross talk between vascular ECs and adipocytes in adipose tissue. In the pathological state of obesity, this cross talk contributes to the condition's adverse chronic effects, and we propose that specific targeting of the HO-1 gene can restore signaling pathways and improve both vascular and adipose functions. Future Directions: A complete understanding of the role of HO-1 in regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis is important to comprehend the homeostatic regulation as well as in cardiovascular disease. Efforts are required to highlight the effects and the ability to target the HO-1 gene in models of obesity with an emphasis on the role of pericardial fat on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nachum B Lebovics
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Yosef D Buchen
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Emilia Sinatra
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Giuseppe Sinatra
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ellen A Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia
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Figueiredo-Pereira C, Dias-Pedroso D, Soares NL, Vieira HLA. CO-mediated cytoprotection is dependent on cell metabolism modulation. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101470. [PMID: 32120335 PMCID: PMC7049654 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gasotransmitter endogenously produced by the activity of heme oxygenase, which is a stress-response enzyme. Endogenous CO or low concentrations of exogenous CO have been described to present several cytoprotective functions: anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, vasomodulation, maintenance of homeostasis, stimulation of preconditioning and modulation of cell differentiation. The present review revises and discuss how CO regulates cell metabolism and how it is involved in the distinct cytoprotective roles of CO. The first found metabolic effect of CO was its increase on cellular ATP production, and since then much data have been generated. Mitochondria are the most described and studied cellular targets of CO. Mitochondria exposure to this gasotransmitter leads several consequences: ROS generation, stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, increased oxidative phosphorylation or mild uncoupling effect. Likewise, CO negatively regulates glycolysis and improves pentose phosphate pathway. More recently, CO has also been disclosed as a regulating molecule for metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Figueiredo-Pereira
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela Dias-Pedroso
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno L Soares
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.
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11
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Adipocyte Specific HO-1 Gene Therapy is Effective in Antioxidant Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Vascular Function in an Obese Mice Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010040. [PMID: 31906399 PMCID: PMC7022335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for vascular dysfunction and insulin resistance. The study aim was to demonstrate that adipocyte-specific HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) gene therapy is a therapeutic approach for preventing the development of obesity-induced metabolic disease in an obese-mice model. Specific expression of HO-1 in adipose tissue was achieved by using a lentiviral vector expressing HO-1 under the control of the adiponectin vector (Lnv-adipo-HO-1). Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) developed adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased levels of inflammatory adipokines, insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, and impaired heart mitochondrial signaling. These detrimental effects were prevented by the selective expression of HO-1 in adipocytes. Lnv-adipo-HO-1-transfected mice on a HFD display increased cellular respiration, increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial function, and decreased adipocyte size. Moreover, RNA arrays confirmed that targeting adipocytes with HO-1 overrides the genetic susceptibility of adiposopathy and correlated with restoration of the expression of anti-inflammatory, thermogenic, and mitochondrial genes. Our data demonstrate that HO-1 gene therapy improved adipose tissue function and had positive impact on distal organs, suggesting that specific targeting of HO-1 gene therapy is an attractive therapeutic approach for improving insulin sensitivity, metabolic activity, and vascular function in obesity.
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Singh SP, McClung JA, Thompson E, Glick Y, Greenberg M, Acosta‐Baez G, Edris B, Shapiro JI, Abraham NG. Cardioprotective Heme Oxygenase-1-PGC1α Signaling in Epicardial Fat Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk in Humans as in Obese Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1634-1643. [PMID: 31441604 PMCID: PMC6756945 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether levels of signaling pathways and inflammatory adipokines in epicardial fat regulate cardiovascular risks in humans and mice. METHODS Epicardial fat was obtained from the hearts of patients with heart failure requiring coronary artery bypass surgery, and signaling pathways were compared with visceral fat. The genetic profile of epicardial and visceral fat from humans was also compared with genetic profiles of epicardial and visceral fat in obese mice. Left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening was measured in obese mice before and after treatment with inducers of mitochondrial signaling heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α). An RNA array/heat map on 88 genes that regulate adipose tissue function was used to identify a target gene network. RESULTS Human epicardial fat gene profiling showed decreased levels of mitochondrial signaling of HO-1-PGC1α and increased levels of the inflammatory adipokine CCN family member 3. Similar observations were seen in epicardial and visceral fat of obese mice. Improvement in LV function was linked to the increase in mitochondrial signaling in epicardial fat of obese mice. CONCLUSIONS There is a link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans that is similar to that which is described in obese mice. An increase of mitochondrial signaling pathway gene expression in epicardial fat attenuates cardiometabolic dysfunction and LV fractional shortening in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. McClung
- Department of MedicineNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | - Ellen Thompson
- Department of CardiologyJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Yosef Glick
- Department of PharmacologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Giancarlo Acosta‐Baez
- Department of CardiologyJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Basel Edris
- Department of CardiologyJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Department of Internal MedicineJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of PharmacologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
- Department of MedicineNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
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Drummond GS, Baum J, Greenberg M, Lewis D, Abraham NG. HO-1 overexpression and underexpression: Clinical implications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 673:108073. [PMID: 31425676 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review we examine the effects of both over- and under-production of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and HO activity on a broad spectrum of biological systems and on vascular disease. In a few instances e.g., neonatal jaundice, overproduction of HO-1 and increased HO activity results in elevated levels of bilirubin requiring clinical intervention with inhibitors of HO activity. In contrast HO-1 levels and HO activity are low in obesity and the HO system responds to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress through increased levels of bilirubin (anti-inflammatory) and CO (anti-apoptotic) and decreased levels of heme (pro-oxidant). Site specific HO-1 overexpression diminishes adipocyte terminal differentiation and lipid accumulation of obesity mediated release of inflammatory molecules. A series of diverse strategies have been implemented that focus on increasing HO-1 and HO activity that are central to reversing the clinical complications associated with diseases including, obesity, metabolic syndrome and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Drummond
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baum
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Menachem Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - David Lewis
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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Li S, Qiu B, Lu H, Lai Y, Liu J, Luo J, Zhu F, Hu Z, Zhou M, Tian J, Zhou Z, Yu S, Yi F, Nie J. Hyperhomocysteinemia Accelerates Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Progression by Downregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1635-1650. [PMID: 30084650 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The risk factors promoting acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) accelerates the development of renal fibrosis after AKI. RESULTS Hhcy aggravated ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI and the subsequent development of renal fibrotic lesions characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Mechanistically, the RNA binding protein human antigen R (HuR) bound to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) messenger RNA (mRNA). Homocysteine (Hcy) downregulated HuR expression, reduced the binding of HuR to the 3'-UTR of HO-1, and thereafter decreased HO-1 expression. Administration of the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin-IX significantly hindered Hhcy-augmented reactive oxygen species production and renal fibrotic lesions. Innovation and Conclusion: These data indicate that Hhcy might be a novel risk factor that promotes AKI to CKD progression. Lowering Hcy level or HO-1 induction might be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Qiu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- 2 Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshi Lai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxin Zhu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Tian
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyi Yu
- 2 Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yi
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Nie
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Vogt S, Irqsusi M, Naraghi H, Sattler A, Ruppert V, Weber P, Rhiel A, Ramzan R. Mitochondrial active and relaxed state respiration after heat shock mRNA response in the heart. J Therm Biol 2019; 80:106-112. [PMID: 30784473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Induction of Heat Shock Proteins results in cytoprotection. Beneficial effect results from transcription and translational cellular components' involvement that defends metabolism and thus induce ischemic protection of the tissue. Mitochondrial respiration is also involved in stress- induced conditions. It is not a uniform process. Cytochrome c Oxidase (CytOx) representing complex IV of the Electron Transfer Chain (ETC) has a regulatory role for mitochondrial respiratory activity, which is tested in our study after hsp induction. Moreover, protein translation for mitochondrial components was probed by the detection of MT-CO1 for Subunit 1 of CytOx neosynthesis. Wistar rats were subjected to whole-body hyperthermia at 42.0-42.5 °C for 15 min followed by a normothermic recovery period. Heat shock response was monitored time dependent from LV biopsies of all control and heat treated animals with PCR-analysis for hsp 32, 60, 70.1, 70.2, 90 and MT-CO1 expression at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 360 min recovery (n = 5 in each group), respectively. Enzymatic activity of CytOx were evaluated polarographically. High energy phosphates were detected by chromatographic analysis. The mRNA expression of MT-CO1 peaked at 60 min and was accompanied by hsp 32 (r = 0.457; p = 0.037) and hsp 70.2 (r = 0.615; p = 0.003) upregulation. With hsp induction, mitochondrial respiration was increased initially. Enzymatic activity reconciled from active into relaxed status wherein CytOx activity was completely inhibited by ATP. Myocardial ATP content increased from stress induced point i.e. < 1 µmol g-1 protein w/w to finally 1.5 ± 0.53 µmol g-1 protein w/w at 120 min recovery interval. Hyperthermic, myocardial hsp- induction goes along with increased CytOx activity representing an increased "active" mitochondrial respiration. In parallel, de -novo holoenzyme assembly of CytOx begins as shown by MT-CO1 upregulation at 60 min recovery time crossing with a final return to the physiological "relaxed" state and ATP -inhibited respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogt
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Irqsusi
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Hamid Naraghi
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Alexander Sattler
- Center for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Volker Ruppert
- Center for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Petra Weber
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
| | - Annika Rhiel
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
| | - Rabia Ramzan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
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Aquaporin 11-Dependent Inhibition of Proliferation by Deuterium Oxide in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123209. [PMID: 30563120 PMCID: PMC6321126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deuterium oxide (D2O) has been reported to be active toward various in vitro cell lines in combination with phytochemicals. Our objective was to describe, for the first time, the effect of D2O on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). After D2O treatment, the p53-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway was stimulated, leading to inhibition of the proliferation of HSCs and an increase in the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio. We also evaluated the role of aquaporin (AQP) 11 in activated HSCs. We found that D2O treatment decreased AQP11 expression levels. Of note, AQP11 levels elevated by a genetic approach counteracted the D2O-mediated inhibition of proliferation. In addition, the expression levels of AQP11 negatively correlated with those of p53. On the other hand, cells transfected with an AQP11-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed enhanced inhibition of proliferation. These findings suggest that the inhibition of cell proliferation by D2O in activated HSCs could be AQP11 dependent. Our previous studies have documented that bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) induces apoptosis by regulating heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression in activated HSCs. In the current study, we tested whether cotreatment with BDMC and D2O can modulate the AQP11-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation effectively. We observed that D2O cotreatment with BDMC significantly decreased cell proliferation compared to treatment with D2O alone, and this effect was accompanied by downregulation of HO-1 and an increase in p53 levels.
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Almeida AS, Soares NL, Sequeira CO, Pereira SA, Sonnewald U, Vieira HLA. Improvement of neuronal differentiation by carbon monoxide: Role of pentose phosphate pathway. Redox Biol 2018; 17:338-347. [PMID: 29793167 PMCID: PMC6007049 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the silent-killer carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to also be an endogenous cytoprotective molecule able to inhibit cell death and modulate mitochondrial metabolism. Neuronal metabolism is mostly oxidative and neurons also use glucose for maintaining their anti-oxidant status by generation of reduced glutathione (GSH) via the pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP). It is established that neuronal differentiation depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and signalling, however there is a lack of information about modulation of the PPP during adult neurogenesis. Thus, the main goal of this study was to unravel the role of CO on cell metabolism during neuronal differentiation, particularly by targeting PPP flux and GSH levels as anti-oxidant system. A human neuroblastoma SH-S5Y5 cell line was used, which differentiates into post-mitotic neurons by treatment with retinoic acid (RA), supplemented or not with CO-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1). SH-SY5Y cell differentiation supplemented with CORM-A1 prompted an increase in neuronal yield production. It did, however, not alter glycolytic metabolism, but increased the PPP. In fact, CORM-A1 treatment stimulated (i) mRNA expression of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGDH) and transketolase (TKT), which are enzymes for oxidative and non-oxidative phases of the PPP, respectively and (ii) protein expression and activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP. Likewise, whenever G6PD was knocked-down CO-induced improvement on neuronal differentiation was reverted, while pharmacological inhibition of GSH synthesis did not change CO's effect on the improvement of neuronal differentiation. Both results indicate the key role of PPP in CO-modulation of neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, at the end of SH-SY5Y neuronal differentiation process, CORM-A1 supplementation increased the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) without alteration of GSH metabolism. These data corroborate with PPP stimulation. In conclusion, CO improves neuronal differentiation of SH-S5Y5 cells by stimulating the PPP and modulating the GSH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Almeida
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nuno L Soares
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina O Sequeira
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Helena L A Vieira
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
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Alejandra Sánchez-Muñoz M, Valdez-Solana MA, Campos-Almazán MI, Flores-Herrera Ó, Esparza-Perusquía M, Olvera-Sánchez S, García-Arenas G, Avitia-Domínguez C, Téllez-Valencia A, Sierra-Campos E. Streptozotocin-Induced Adaptive Modification of Mitochondrial Supercomplexes in Liver of Wistar Rats and the Protective Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Biochem Res Int 2018; 2018:5681081. [PMID: 29686903 PMCID: PMC5852898 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5681081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diabetes continues to be a major health issue worldwide. Alteration of mitochondrial electron transport chain is a recognized hallmark of the diabetic-associated decline in liver bioenergetics; however, the molecular events involved are only poorly understood. Moringa oleifera is used for the treatment of diabetes. However, its role on mitochondrial functionality is not yet established. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of M. oleifera extract on supercomplex formation, ATPase activity, ROS production, GSH levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. The levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were increased in diabetic group. However, the levels were decreased in Moringa-treated diabetic rats. Analysis of in-gel activity showed an increase in all complex activities in the diabetic group, but spectrophotometric determinations of complex II and IV activities were unaffected in this treatment. However, we found an oxygen consumption abolition through complex I-III-IV pathway in the diabetic group treated with Moringa. While respiration with succinate feeding into complex II-III-IV was increased in the diabetic group. These findings suggest that hyperglycemia modifies oxygen consumption, supercomplexes formation, and increases ROS levels in mitochondria from the liver of STZ-diabetic rats, whereas M. oleifera may have a protective role against some alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mara Ibeth Campos-Almazán
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Óscar Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Esparza-Perusquía
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sofia Olvera-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-Arenas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus, Gómez Palacio, DGO, Mexico
| | - Claudia Avitia-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Téllez-Valencia
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus, Durango, DGO, Mexico
| | - Erick Sierra-Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus, Gómez Palacio, DGO, Mexico
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Sagoo MK, Gnudi L. Diabetic nephropathy: Is there a role for oxidative stress? Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:50-63. [PMID: 29305106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Studies in experimental animal models of diabetes strongly implicate oxidant species as a major determinant in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The translation, in the clinical setting, of these concepts have been quite disappointing, and new theories have challenged the concepts that oxidative stress per se plays a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The concept of mitochondrial hormesis has been introduced to explain this apparent disconnect. Hormesis is intended as any cellular process that exhibits a biphasic response to exposure to increasing amounts of a substance or condition: specifically, in diabetic kidney disease, oxidant species may represent, at determined concentration, an essential and potentially protective factor. It could be postulated that excessive production or inhibition of oxidant species formation might result in an adverse phenotype. This review discusses the evidence underlying these two apparent contradicting concepts, with the aim to propose and speculate on potential mechanisms underlying the role of oxidant species in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and possibly open future more efficient therapies to be tested in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Sagoo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Leu SY, Tsai YC, Chen WC, Hsu CH, Lee YM, Cheng PY. Raspberry ketone induces brown-like adipocyte formation through suppression of autophagy in adipocytes and adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29525531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Promoting white adipose tissue (WAT) to acquire brown-like characteristics is a promising approach for obesity treatment. Although raspberry ketone (RK) has been reported to possess antiobesity activity, its effects on the formation of brown-like adipocytes remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of RK on WAT browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and rats with ovariectomy (Ovx)-induced obesity. RK (100 μM) significantly induced browning of 3T3-L1 cells by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and the expression of browning-specific proteins (PR domain containing 16, PRDM16; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PGC-1α; uncoupling protein-1, UCP-1) and lipolytic enzymes (hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase). RK significantly reduced the expression of the autophagy-related protein Atg12 and increased the expression of p62 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Additionally, these effects of RK were reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP (20 μM). In addition, RK (160 mg/kg, gavage, for 8 weeks) significantly reduced body weight gain (Ovx+RK, 191.8 ± 4.6 g vs. Ovx, 223.6 ± 5.9; P < .05), food intake, the amount of inguinal adipose tissue (Ovx+RK, 9.05 ± 1.1 g vs Ovx, 12.9 ± 0.92 g; P < .05) and the size of white adipocytes in Ovx rats. Moreover, compared to expression in the Ovx group, the levels of browning-specific proteins were significantly higher and the levels of autophagy-related proteins were significantly lower in the Ovx+RK group. Therefore, this study elucidated the mechanism associated with RK-induced WAT browning and thus provides evidence to support the clinical use of RK for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy-Ying Leu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei; Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Singh SP, McClung JA, Bellner L, Cao J, Waldman M, Schragenheim J, Arad M, Hochhauser E, Falck JR, Weingarten JA, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. CYP-450 Epoxygenase Derived Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Contribute To Reversal of Heart Failure in Obesity-Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via PGC-1 α Activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 7. [PMID: 29707604 PMCID: PMC5922773 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that an Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid (EET) -agonist has pleiotropic effects and reverses cardiomyopathy by decreasing inflammatory molecules and increasing antioxidant signaling. We hypothesized that administration of an EET agonist would increase Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α), which controls mitochondrial function and induction of HO-1 and negatively regulates the expression of the proinflammatory adipokines CCN3/NOV in cardiac and pericardial tissues. This pathway would be expected to further improve left ventricular (LV) systolic function as well as increase insulin receptor phosphorylation. Measurement of the effect of an EET agonist on oxygen consumption, fractional shortening, blood glucose levels, thermogenic and mitochondrial signaling proteins was performed. Control obese mice developed signs of metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, hypertension, inflammation, LV dysfunction, and increased NOV expression in pericardial adipose tissue. EET agonist intervention decreased pericardial adipose tissue expression of NOV, while normalized FS, increased PGC-1α, HO-1 levels, insulin receptor phosphorylation and improved mitochondrial function, theses beneficial effect were reversed by deletion of PGC-1α. These studies demonstrate that an EET agonist increases insulin receptor phosphorylation, mitochondrial and thermogenic gene expression, decreased cardiac and pericardial tissue NOV levels, and ameliorates cardiomyopathy in an obese mouse model of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Singh
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - J A McClung
- Departments of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - L Bellner
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - J Cao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - M Waldman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - J Schragenheim
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - M Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - E Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - J R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - J A Weingarten
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.,New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, USA
| | - S J Peterson
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.,New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, USA
| | - N G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Joan Edward School of Medicine, West Virginia, USA
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22
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Cui HY, Zhang XJ, Yang Y, Zhang C, Zhu CH, Miao JY, Chen R. Rosmarinic acid elicits neuroprotection in ischemic stroke via Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 signaling. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:2119-2128. [PMID: 30323140 PMCID: PMC6199925 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.241463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) can elicit a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke, but the precise molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, an experimental ischemic stroke model was established in CD-1 mice (Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology, Beijing, China) by occluding the right middle cerebral artery for 1 hour and allowing reperfusion for 24 hours. After intraperitoneally injecting model mice with 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg RA, functional neurological deficits were evaluated using modified Longa scores. Subsequently, cerebral infarct volume was measured using TTC staining and ischemic brain tissue was examined for cell apoptosis with TUNEL staining. Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels were measured by spectrophometry. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, and phospho-Ser473 Akt proteins in ischemic brain tissue was detected by western blot, while mRNA levels of Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl-2, and Bax were analyzed using real time quantitative PCR. In addition, HO-1 enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically. RA (20 and 40 mg/kg) greatly improved neurological function, reduced infarct volume, decreased cell apoptosis, upregulated Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression, downregulated Bax protein and mRNA expression, increased HO-1 and Nrf2 protein and mRNA expression, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in ischemic brain tissue of model mice. However, intraperitoneal injection of a HO-1 inhibitor (10 mg/kg zinc protoporphyrin IX) reversed the neuroprotective effects of RA on HO-1 enzyme activity and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 (10 mM) inhibited Akt phosphorylation, as well as Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. Our findings suggest that RA has anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties that protect against ischemic stroke by a mechanism involving upregulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiang-Yong Miao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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23
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Patricia Moreno-Londoño A, Bello-Alvarez C, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Isoliquiritigenin pretreatment attenuates cisplatin induced proximal tubular cells (LLC-PK1) death and enhances the toxicity induced by this drug in bladder cancer T24 cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:143-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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The effects of olive leaf extract from a Sicilian cultivar in an experimental model of hepatic steatosis. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Singh SP, Grant I, Meissner A, Kappas A, Abraham NG. Ablation of adipose-HO-1 expression increases white fat over beige fat through inhibition of mitochondrial fusion and of PGC1α in female mice. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:hmbci-2017-0027. [PMID: 28763300 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Hmox1 plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and function by regulating cellular heme-derived CO and bilirubin. Previous studies have demonstrated that global disruption of HO-1 in humans and mice resulted in severe organ dysfunction. Methods We investigated the potential role of adipose-specific-HO-1 genetic ablation on adipose tissue function, mitochondrial quality control and energy expenditure by generating an adipo-HO-1 knockout mouse model (Adipo-HO-1-/-) and, in vitro, adipocyte cells in which HO activity was inhibited. Adiposity, signaling proteins, fasting glucose and oxygen consumption were determined and compared to adipocyte cultures with depressed levels of both HO-1/HO-2. Results Adipo-HO-1-/- female mice exhibited increased adipocyte size, and decreases in the mitochondrial fusion to fission ratio, PGC1, and SIRT3. Importantly, ablation of HO-1 in adipose tissue resulted in fat acquiring many properties of visceral fat such as decreases in thermogenic genes including pAMPK and PRDM16. Deletion of HO-1 in mouse adipose tissue led to complete metabolic dysfunction, an increase in white adipose tissue, a reduction of beige fat and associated increases in FAS, aP2 and hyperglycemia. Mechanistically, genetic deletion of HO-1 in adipose tissues decreased the mitochondrial fusion to fission ratio; disrupted the activity of the PGC1 transcriptional axis and thermogenic genes both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Ablation of adipose tissue-HO-1 abridged PGC1 expression promoted mitochondrial dysfunction and contributed to an increase of pro-inflammatory visceral fat and abrogated beige-cell like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilana Grant
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Aliza Meissner
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Attallah Kappas
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA, Phone: 212-327-8494, Fax: 212-327-8690
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, NY, USA
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA, Phone: +914-594-3121, Fax: +914-347-4956
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26
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Abo El Gheit R, Emam MN. Targeting heme oxygenase-1 in early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Int 2017; 103:413-427. [PMID: 28229631 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.4.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular diabetic complications. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 induction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced early DN in rats. The diabetic rats were divided into three groups: STZ-diabetic, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP)-treated diabetic, and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP)-treated diabetic groups. Compared to the STZ-diabetic group, CoPP-induced HO-1 upregulation improved the diabetic state and renal functional parameters, suppressed the renal proinflammatory marker, NF-κB, abrogated the elevated renal hydroxyprolin, and decreased the enhanced renal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity with parallel reduction of urinary oxidative stress markers. On the contrary, treatment with ZnPP abrogated HO-1 levels, aggravated the diabetic condition with further increases in renal oxidative stress, fibrotic and inflammatory markers, and exacerbated renal dysfunction in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that the reduced diabetic renal injury upon HO-1 induction implicates the role of HO-1 induction as a potential treatment for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abo El Gheit
- 1 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta, Egypt
| | - M N Emam
- 1 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta, Egypt
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27
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EETs and HO-1 cross-talk. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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28
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Raffaele M, Li Volti G, Barbagallo IA, Vanella L. Therapeutic Efficacy of Stem Cells Transplantation in Diabetes: Role of Heme Oxygenase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:80. [PMID: 27547752 PMCID: PMC4974271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing data obtained from in vivo studies and clinical trials demonstrated the benefit of adult stem cells transplantation in diabetes; although an important limit is represented by their survival after the transplant. To this regard, recent reports suggest that genetic manipulation of stem cells prior to transplantation can lead to enhanced survival and better engraftment. The following review proposes to stimulate interest in the role of heme oxygenase-1 over-expression on transplantation of stem cells in diabetes, focusing on the clinical potential of heme oxygenase protein and activity to restore tissue damage and/or to improve the immunomodulatory properties of transplanted stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
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29
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Singh SP, Schragenheim J, Cao J, Falck JR, Abraham NG, Bellner L. PGC-1 alpha regulates HO-1 expression, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis: Role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:8-18. [PMID: 27418542 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is a risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, predominantly as a result of cardiovascular complications. Increased adiposity is a systemic condition characterized by increased oxidative stress (ROS), increased inflammation, inhibition of anti-oxidant genes such as HO-1 and increased degradation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). We previously demonstrated that EETs attenuate mitochondrial ROS. We postulate that EETs increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), which controls mitochondrial function, oxidative metabolism and induction of HO-1. METHODS Cultured murine adipocytes and mice fed a high fat (HF) diet were used to assess functional relationship between EETs, HO-1 and (PGC-1α) using an EET analogue (EET-A) and lentivirus to knock down the PPARGC1A gene. RESULTS EET-A increased PGC-1α and HO-1 in cultured adipocytes and increased the expression of genes involved in thermogenesis and adipocyte browning (UCP1 and PRDM16, respectively). PGC-1α knockdown prevented EET-A-induced HO-1expression, suggesting that PGC-1α is upstream of HO-1. MRI data obtained from fat tissues showed that EET-A administration to mice on a HF diet significantly reduced total body fat content, subcutaneous and visceral fat deposits and reduced the VAT: SAT ratio. Moreover EET-A normalized the VO2 and RQ (VCO2/VO2) in mice fed a HF diet, an effect that was completely prevented in PGC-1α deficient mice. In addition, EET-A increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function as measured by OPA1, MnSOD, Mfn1, Mfn2, and SIRT3, an effect that was inhibited by knockdown of PGC-1α. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings show that EET-A increased PGC-1α thereby increasing mitochondrial viability, increased fusion potential thereby providing metabolic protection and increased VO2 consumption in HF-induced obesity in mice, thus demonstrating that the EET-mediated increase in HO-1 levels require PGC-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Joseph Schragenheim
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Jian Cao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States; Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States; Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States.
| | - Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States.
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30
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Waldman M, Bellner L, Vanella L, Schragenheim J, Sodhi K, Singh SP, Lin D, Lakhkar A, Li J, Hochhauser E, Arad M, Darzynkiewicz Z, Kappas A, Abraham NG. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation of Mouse 3T3 Cells, Via PGC-1α Activation, Which Is Required for HO-1 Expression and Increased Mitochondrial Function. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1084-94. [PMID: 27224420 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) contributes to browning of white adipose stem cells to ameliorate obesity/diabetes and insulin resistance. In the current study, we show that EET altered preadipocyte function, enhanced peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) expression, and increased mitochondrial function in the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte subjected to adipogenesis. Cells treated with EET resulted in an increase, P < 0.05, in PGC-1α and a decrease in mitochondria-derived ROS (MitoSox), P < 0.05. The EET increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels is dependent on activation of PGC-1α as cells deficient in PGC-1α (PGC-1α knockout adipocyte cell) have an impaired ability to express HO-1, P < 0.02. Additionally, adipocytes treated with EET exhibited an increase in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a PGC-1α-dependent manner, P < 0.05. The increase in PGC-1α was associated with an increase in β-catenin, P < 0.05, adiponectin expression, P < 0.05, and lipid accumulation, P < 0.02. EET decreased heme levels and mitochondria-derived ROS (MitoSox), P < 0.05, compared to adipocytes that were untreated. EET also decreased mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). Adipocyte secretion of EET act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to increase PGC-1α is required for activation of HO-1 expression. This is the first study to dissect the mechanism by which the antiadipogenic and anti-inflammatory lipid, EET, induces the PGC-1α signaling cascade and reprograms the adipocyte phenotype by regulating mitochondrial function and HO-1 expression, leading to an increase in healthy, that is, small, adipocytes and a decrease in adipocyte enlargement and terminal differentiation. This is manifested by an increase in mitochondrial function and an increase in the canonical Wnt signaling cascade during adipocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Waldman
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York.,2 Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University , Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Lars Bellner
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Luca Vanella
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York.,3 University of Catania , Department of Drug Science/Section of Biochemistry, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Komal Sodhi
- 4 Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Shailendra P Singh
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Daohong Lin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Anand Lakhkar
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Jiangwei Li
- 5 Department of Pathology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- 2 Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University , Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- 6 Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | | - Nader G Abraham
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York.,4 Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University , Huntington, West Virginia.,7 The Rockefeller University , New York, New York.,8 Department of Medicine, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
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31
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Almeida AS, Sonnewald U, Alves PM, Vieira HLA. Carbon monoxide improves neuronal differentiation and yield by increasing the functioning and number of mitochondria. J Neurochem 2016; 138:423-35. [PMID: 27128201 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The process of cell differentiation goes hand-in-hand with metabolic adaptations, which are needed to provide energy and new metabolites. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous cytoprotective molecule able to inhibit cell death and improve mitochondrial metabolism. Neuronal differentiation processes were studied using the NT2 cell line, which is derived from human testicular embryonic teratocarcinoma and differentiates into post-mitotic neurons upon retinoic acid treatment. CO-releasing molecule A1 (CORM-A1) was used do deliver CO into cell culture. CO treatment improved NT2 neuronal differentiation and yield, since there were more neurons and the total cell number increased following the differentiation process. CO supplementation enhanced the mitochondrial population in post-mitotic neurons derived from NT2 cells, as indicated by an increase in mitochondrial DNA. CO treatment during neuronal differentiation increased the extent of the classical metabolic change that occurs during neuronal differentiation, from glycolytic to more oxidative metabolism, by decreasing the ratio of lactate production and glucose consumption. The expression of pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenases was higher, indicating an augmented oxidative metabolism. Moreover, these findings were corroborated by an increased percentage of (13) C incorporation from [U-(13) C]glucose into the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites malate and citrate, and also glutamate and aspartate in CO-treated cells. Finally, under low levels of oxygen (5%), which enhances glycolytic metabolism, some of the enhancing effects of CO on mitochondria were not observed. In conclusion, our data show that CO improves neuronal and mitochondrial yield by stimulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, and thus oxidative metabolism of NT2 cells during the process of neuronal differentiation. The process of cell differentiation is coupled with metabolic adaptations. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous cytoprotective gasotransmitter able to prevent cell death and improve mitochondrial metabolism. Herein CO supplementation improved neuronal differentiation yield, by enhancing mitochondrial population and promoting the classical metabolic change that occurs during neuronal differentiation, from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Almeida
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciência Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ursula Sonnewald
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula M Alves
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciência Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciência Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
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32
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Giudetti AM, Stanca E, Siculella L, Gnoni GV, Damiano F. Nutritional and Hormonal Regulation of Citrate and Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Transporters: Two Mitochondrial Carriers Involved in Fatty Acid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060817. [PMID: 27231907 PMCID: PMC4926351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of solutes across the inner mitochondrial membrane is catalyzed by a family of nuclear-encoded membrane-embedded proteins called mitochondrial carriers (MCs). The citrate carrier (CiC) and the carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT) are two members of the MCs family involved in fatty acid metabolism. By conveying acetyl-coenzyme A, in the form of citrate, from the mitochondria to the cytosol, CiC contributes to fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis; CACT allows fatty acid oxidation, transporting cytosolic fatty acids, in the form of acylcarnitines, into the mitochondrial matrix. Fatty acid synthesis and oxidation are inversely regulated so that when fatty acid synthesis is activated, the catabolism of fatty acids is turned-off. Malonyl-CoA, produced by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, a key enzyme of cytosolic fatty acid synthesis, represents a regulator of both metabolic pathways. CiC and CACT activity and expression are regulated by different nutritional and hormonal conditions. Defects in the corresponding genes have been directly linked to various human diseases. This review will assess the current understanding of CiC and CACT regulation; underlining their roles in physio-pathological conditions. Emphasis will be placed on the molecular basis of the regulation of CiC and CACT associated with fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Giudetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Stanca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Gabriele V Gnoni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy.
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33
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Abraham NG, Junge JM, Drummond GS. Translational Significance of Heme Oxygenase in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:17-36. [PMID: 26515032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity continues unabated with sequelae of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review reflects the dramatic increase in research on the role of increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1/HO-2, biliverdin reductase, and HO activity on vascular disease. The HO system engages with other systems to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent reports indicate that HO-1/HO-2 protein expression and HO activity have several important roles in hemostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome. HO-1 protects tissue during inflammatory stress in obesity through the degradation of pro-oxidant heme and the production of carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin, both of which have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. By contrast, repression of HO-1 is associated with increases of cellular heme and inflammatory conditions including hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. HO-1 is a major focus in the development of potential therapeutic strategies to reverse the clinical complications of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
| | - Joshua M Junge
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - George S Drummond
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Almeida AS, Figueiredo-Pereira C, Vieira HLA. Carbon monoxide and mitochondria-modulation of cell metabolism, redox response and cell death. Front Physiol 2015; 6:33. [PMID: 25709582 PMCID: PMC4321562 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter, which is associated with cytoprotection and cellular homeostasis in several distinct cell types and tissues. CO mainly targets mitochondria because: (i) mitochondrial heme-proteins are the main potential candidates for CO to bind, (ii) many CO's biological actions are dependent on mitochondrial ROS signaling and (iii) heme is generated in the mitochondrial compartment. Mitochondria are the key cell energy factory, producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation and regulating cell metabolism. These organelles are also implicated in many cell signaling pathways and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, mitochondria contain several factors activating programmed cell death pathways, which are released from the mitochondrial inter-membrane space upon mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Therefore, disclosing CO mode of action at mitochondria opens avenues for deeper understanding CO's biological properties. Herein, it is discussed how CO affects the three main aspects of mitochondrial modulation of cell function: metabolism, redox response and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Almeida
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal ; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Figueiredo-Pereira
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras, Portugal
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Arnold JN, Magiera L, Kraman M, Fearon DT. Tumoral immune suppression by macrophages expressing fibroblast activation protein-α and heme oxygenase-1. Cancer Immunol Res 2013; 2:121-6. [PMID: 24778275 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of tumor stromal cells that are marked by their expression of the membrane protein fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) overcomes immune suppression and allows an anticancer cell immune response to control tumor growth. In subcutaneous tumors established with immunogenic Lewis lung carcinoma cells expressing ovalbumin (LL2/OVA), the FAP(+) population is comprised of CD45(+) and CD45(-) cells. In the present study, we further characterize the tumoral FAP(+)/CD45(+) population as a minor subpopulation of F4/80(hi)/CCR2(+)/CD206(+) M2 macrophages. Using bone marrow chimeric mice in which the primate diphtheria toxin receptor is restricted either to the FAP(+)/CD45(+) or to the FAP(+)/CD45(-) subset, we demonstrate by conditionally depleting each subset that both independently contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. A basis for the function of the FAP(+)/CD45(+) subset is shown to be the immune inhibitory enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The FAP(+)/CD45(+) cells are the major tumoral source of HO-1, and an inhibitor of HO-1, Sn mesoporphyrin, causes the same extent of immune-dependent arrest of LL2/OVA tumor growth as does the depletion of these cells. Because this observation of immune suppression by HO-1 expressed by the FAP(+)/CD45(+) stromal cell is replicated in a transplanted model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we conclude that pharmacologically targeting this enzyme may improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Arnold
- Authors' Affiliation: University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Liu X, Cui Y, Li M, Xu H, Zuo J, Fang F, Chang Y. Cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 expression mediated partially by FOXO1 and reduces mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80521. [PMID: 24255720 PMCID: PMC3821864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species arise in the mitochondria as byproducts of respiration and oxidase activity and have important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The level of reactive oxygen species is regulated by a number of enzymes and physiological antioxidants, including HO-1, Sod2, catalase and COX-2, etc. And HO-1 against oxidative stress requires an increase in stress-responsive genes, such as Sod2 and catalase. Especially for the activity of HO-1, cobalt protoporphyrin is known to be a potent and effective inducer in many tissues. The transcription factor, FOXO1 is resistant to oxidative stress through downregulating reactive oxygen species production. Previous study showed that FOXO1 induces HO-1 expression by binding to HO-1 promoter. The question whether cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 expression mediated by FOXO1 and subsequently lessens reactive oxygen species production remains to be elucidated. Results Cobalt protoporphyrin enhances the expression of FOXO1 and facilitates FOXO1 binding to HO-1 promoter and increasing its transcriptional activity without influencing the FOXO1 protein stability. CoPP induces HO-1 and other oxidative stress-responsive genes expression, such as catalase, cytochrome c, Sod2, and COX-2, and decreases mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production, which are mediated partially by FOXO1. Conclusions Cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 and other oxidative stress-responsive genes expression mediated partially by FOXO1, and has an important role in reducing cellular reactive oxygen species level. Cobalt protoporphyrin may be a more promising therapeutic agent to upregulate some antioxidantive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
| | - Ying Cui
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zuo
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Fang
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
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Abstract
The mitochondrion relies on compartmentalization of certain enzymes, ions and metabolites for the sake of efficient metabolism. In order to fulfil its activities, a myriad of carriers are properly expressed, targeted and folded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Among these carriers, the six-transmembrane-helix mitochondrial SLC25 (solute carrier family 25) proteins facilitate transport of solutes with disparate chemical identities across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although their proper function replenishes building blocks needed for metabolic reactions, dysfunctional SLC25 proteins are involved in pathological states. It is the purpose of the present review to cover the current knowledge on the role of SLC25 transporters in health and disease.
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Liu Y, Jia Z, Liu S, Downton M, Liu G, Du Y, Yang T. Combined losartan and nitro-oleic acid remarkably improves diabetic nephropathy in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1555-62. [PMID: 23946292 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00157.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The inhibitors of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) can alleviate some of the symptoms of DN but fail to stop the progression to ESRD. Our previous studies demonstrate renoprotective action of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) in several rodent models of renal disease. Here we examined the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanism of combination of losartan and OA-NO2 in db/db mice. OA-NO2 was infused at 5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) via osmotic minipump, and losartan was incorporated into diet at 10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), each administered alone or in combination for 2 wk. Diabetic db/db mice developed progressive albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, accompanied by podocytes loss, increased indexes of renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatment of the diabetic mice with OA-NO2 or losartan alone moderately ameliorated kidney injury; however, the combined treatment remarkably reduced albuminuria, restored glomerular filtration barrier structure, and attenuated glomerulosclerosis, accompanied with significant suppression of renal oxidative stress and inflammation. These data demonstrate that combination of losartan and OA-NO2 effectively reverses renal injury in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Univ. of Utah and Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 30 N 1900 E, Rm. 4R312, Salt Lake City, UT 84132.
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Wang GG, Li W, Lu XH, Zhao X, Xu L. Taurine attenuates oxidative stress and alleviates cardiac failure in type I diabetic rats. Croat Med J 2013; 54:171-9. [PMID: 23630144 PMCID: PMC3641874 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2013.54.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate cardioprotective effect of taurine in diabetic rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly into four groups of 15 rats: control group, control + taurine group, streptozotocin (STZ) group, and STZ + taurine group. Rats in STZ and STZ+ taurine groups were treated by a single injection of STZ (70 mg kg-1, intraperitoneally) dissolved in 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) for induction of diabetes, and rats in control and control + taurine groups were treated with the same volume citrate buffer. Taurine was orally administered to rats in control + taurine and STZ + taurine groups daily for 8 weeks. Rats were examined for diabetic cardiomyopathy by left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic analysis. Myocardial oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Myocardial protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) phosphorylation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein levels were measured by Western blot in all rats at the end of the study. Results In untreated diabetic rats, LV systolic pressure, rate of pressure rise, and rate of pressure fall were decreased, while LV end-diastolic pressure was increased, indicating reduced LV contractility and slowing of LV relaxation. The levels of Akt/PKB phosphorylation and SOD activity were decreased and HO-1 protein expression and MDA content increased. Taurine treatment significantly improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and there were persistent increases in activities of Akt/PKB and SOD, and the level of HO-1 protein. Conclusion Taurine treatment ameliorates myocardial function and heart oxidant status, while increasing myocardial Akt/PKB phosphorylation, and HO-1 levels have beneficial effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-guang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Chen Y, Huang F, Wang D, Weng Z, Deng Z. Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression may facilitate memory and learning in mice. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1491-1495. [PMID: 23737905 PMCID: PMC3671893 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is highly expressed in the hippocampus. Its expression is induced by many factors including hemes, whose metabolites play an important role in neuron protection and learning development. In the present study, the correlation between HO-1 and learning ability was investigated in mice. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the effects of altering HO-1 on learning ability in mature mice. In order to determine the function of HO-1 in the immature mice, a dark-reared model was constructed. Either the HO-1 inducer hemin or the HO-1 inhibitor Zn protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) was injected into the left lateral ventricle prior to a behavior test. Results showed that neither hemin nor ZnPPIX affected the learning ability of adult mice reared in normal conditions. The hippocampal HO-1 of dark-reared mice was decreased while it was increased in the behavioral training group. In general, HO-1 had no effect on established learning ability but it may be upregulated by behavioral training and is beneficial for the development of memory and learning ability in neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700
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Qiu C, Hevner K, Enquobahrie DA, Williams MA. Maternal serum heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) concentrations in early pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48060. [PMID: 23139759 PMCID: PMC3490957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) concentrations have been recently reported to be elevated in impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, no study has examined the association between HO-1 concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS In a case-control study, nested within a prospective cohort of pregnant women (186 GDM cases and 191 women who remained eu-glycemic through pregnancy), we assessed the association of maternal serum HO-1 concentrations, measured in samples collected at 16 weeks gestation, on average, with subsequent risk of GDM. Maternal serum HO-1 concentrations were determined using ELISA. We fitted multivariate logistic regression models to derive estimates of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Median serum HO-1 concentrations in early pregnancy were lower in women who subsequently developed GDM compared with those who did not (1.60 vs. 1.80 ng/mL, p-value=0.002). After adjusting for maternal age, race, family history of T2DM and pre-pregnancy body mass index, women with HO-1 ≥ 3.05 ng/mL (highest decile) experienced a 74% reduction of GDM risk (95% CI; 0.09-0.77) compared with women whose concentrations were<1.23 ng/mL (lowest quartile). CONCLUSION Serum HO-1 concentrations were inversely associated with subsequent GDM risk. These findings underscore the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GDM. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the clinical utility of serum HO-1 in diagnosis of GDM, particularly in the early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Qiu
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Cao J, Vecoli C, Neglia D, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Novelli M, Masiello P, Wang YT, Puri N, Paolocci N, L'abbate A, Abraham NG. Cobalt-Protoporphyrin Improves Heart Function by Blunting Oxidative Stress and Restoring NO Synthase Equilibrium in an Animal Model of Experimental Diabetes. Front Physiol 2012; 3:160. [PMID: 22675305 PMCID: PMC3366474 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction and coronary macro/microvascular alterations are the hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy and are ascribed to increased oxidative stress and altered nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. We hypothesize that pre-treatment by cobalt-protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) ameliorates both myocardial function and coronary circulation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Isolated hearts from diabetic rats in Langendorff configuration displayed lower left ventricular function and higher coronary resistance (CR) compared to hearts from control animals. CoPP treatment of diabetic animals (0.3 mg/100 g body weight i.p., once a week for 3 weeks) significantly increased all the contractile/relaxation indexes (p < 0.01), while decreasing CR (p < 0.01). CoPP enhanced HO-1 protein levels and reduced oxidative stress in diabetic animals, as indicated by the significant (p < 0.05) decrease in heart % GSSG, [Formula: see text] and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. CoPP increased adiponectin levels and phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK and reversed the eNOS/iNOS expression imbalance observed in the untreated diabetic heart. Furthermore, after CoPP treatment, a rise in malonyl-CoA as well as a decrease in acetyl-CoA was observed in diabetic hearts. In this experimental model of diabetic cardiomyopathy, CoPP treatment improved both cardiac function and coronary flow by blunting oxidative stress, restoring eNOS/iNOS expression balance and increasing HO-1 levels, thereby favoring improvement in both endothelial function and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
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Abstract
Mitochondria present two key roles on cellular functioning: (i) cell metabolism, being the main cellular source of energy and (ii) modulation of cell death, by mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gaseoustransmitter, which presents several biological functions and is involved in maintaining cell homeostasis and cytoprotection. Herein, mitochondrion is approached as the main cellular target of carbon monoxide (CO). In this paper, two main perspectives concerning CO modulation of mitochondrial functioning are evaluated. First, the role of CO on cellular metabolism, in particular oxidative phosphorylation, is discussed, namely, on: cytochrome c oxidase activity, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial biogenesis, and general cellular energetic status. Second, the mitochondrial pathways involved in cell death inhibition by CO are assessed, in particular the control of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.
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Oxidative stress and heme oxygenase-1 regulated human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:890671. [PMID: 22518296 PMCID: PMC3296285 DOI: 10.1155/2012/890671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the effect of increased expression of HO-1 protein and increased levels of HO activity on differentiation of bone-marrow-derived human MSCs. MSCs are multipotent cells that proliferate and differentiate into many different cell types including adipocytes and osteoblasts. HO, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, plays an important role during MSCs differentiation. HO catalyzes the stereospecific degradation of heme to biliverdin, with the concurrent release of iron and carbon monoxide. Upregulation of HO-1 expression and increased HO activity are essential for MSC growth and differentiation to the osteoblast lineage consistent with the role of HO-1 in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. HO-1 participates in the MSC differentiation process shifting the balance of MSC differentiation in favor of the osteoblast lineage by decreasing PPARγ and increasing osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase and BMP-2. In this paper, we define HO-1 as a target molecule in the modulation of adipogenesis and osteogenesis from MSCs and examine the role of the HO system in diabetes, inflammation, osteoporosis, hypertension, and other pathologies, a burgeoning area of research.
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Vanella L, Li M, Kim D, Malfa G, Bellner L, Kawakami T, Abraham NG. ApoA1: mimetic peptide reverses adipocyte dysfunction in vivo and in vitro via an increase in heme oxygenase (HO-1) and Wnt10b. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:706-14. [PMID: 22306989 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.4.19125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Reduction in heme oxygenase (HO-1) has been shown to exacerbate vascular dysfunction and insulin resistance in obese mice and involves a decrease in adiponectin levels. Adiponectin is released from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived adipocytes, its levels are decreased in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the apoA1 mimetic peptide, L-4F, will target the expression of the HO-1-adiponectin axis and reverse adipocyte dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. The administration of L-4F [2 mg/Kg/daily (i.p.) for 4-week to 8-week-old obese (ob) mice restored adipocyte function, increased adiponectin release (p < 0.05) and decreased the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 (p < 0.05)]. These perturbations were associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity (p < 0.01 vs. untreated ob mice) and decreased glucose levels (309 + 42 vs. 201 + 8 mg/d after L-4F treatment). Treatment of both mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived adipocytes with L-4F (50 μg/ml) increased adiponectin (p < 0.05), decreased IL-1 and IL-6 (p < 0.05) levels and increased MSC-derived adipocyte cell numbers by 50% in S phase (p < 0.05). MSC-derived adipocytes treated with L-4F increased WNT10b and decreased Peg 1/Mest. Inhibition of HO activity reversed the decrease in the adipogenic response gene, Peg 1/Mest. An increase of HO-1 expression by L-4F increased insulin-receptor phosphorylation. These findings support the hypothesis that L-4F increases early adipocyte markers, HO-1-adiponectin, WNT10b and decreases Peg1/Mest, negative regulators of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vanella
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
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Almeida AS, Queiroga CSF, Sousa MFQ, Alves PM, Vieira HLA. Carbon monoxide modulates apoptosis by reinforcing oxidative metabolism in astrocytes: role of Bcl-2. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10761-70. [PMID: 22334654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.306738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of cerebral cell metabolism for improving the outcome of hypoxia-ischemia and reperfusion is a strategy yet to be explored. Because carbon monoxide (CO) is known to prevent cerebral cell death; herein the role of CO in the modulation of astrocytic metabolism, in particular, at the level of mitochondria was investigated. Low concentrations of CO partially inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in astrocytes, by preventing caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial potential depolarization, and plasmatic membrane permeability. CO exposure enhanced intracellular ATP generation, which was accompanied by an increase on specific oxygen consumption, a decrease on lactate production, and a reduction of glucose use, indicating an improvement of oxidative phosphorylation. Accordingly, CO increased cytochrome c oxidase (COX) enzymatic specific activity and stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis. In astrocytes, COX interacts with Bcl-2, which was verified by immunoprecipitation; this interaction is superior after 24 h of CO treatment. Furthermore, CO enhanced Bcl-2 expression in astrocytes. By silencing Bcl-2 expression with siRNA transfection, CO effects in astrocytes were prevented, namely: (i) inhibition of apoptosis, (ii) increase on ATP generation, (iii) stimulation of COX activity, and (iv) mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, Bcl-2 expression is crucial for CO modulation of oxidative metabolism and for conferring cytoprotection. In conclusion, CO protects astrocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by improving metabolism functioning, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Reciprocal Effects of Oxidative Stress on Heme Oxygenase Expression and Activity Contributes to Reno-Vascular Abnormalities in EC-SOD Knockout Mice. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:740203. [PMID: 22292113 PMCID: PMC3265091 DOI: 10.1155/2012/740203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) system is one of the key regulators of cellular redox homeostasis which responds to oxidative stress (ROS) via HO-1 induction. However, recent reports have suggested an inhibitory effect of ROS on HO activity. In light of these conflicting reports, this study was designed to evaluate effects of chronic oxidative stress on HO system and its role in contributing towards patho-physiological abnormalities observed in extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD, SOD3) KO animals. Experiments were performed in WT and EC-SOD((-/-)) mice treated with and without HO inducer, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP). EC-SOD((-/-)) mice exhibited oxidative stress, renal histopathological abnormalities, elevated blood pressure, impaired endothelial function, reduced p-eNOS, p-AKT and increased HO-1 expression; although, HO activity was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated along with attenuation of serum adiponectin and vascular epoxide levels (P < 0.05). CoPP, in EC-SOD((-/-)) mice, enhanced HO activity (P < 0.05) and reversed aforementioned pathophysiological abnormalities along with restoration of vascular EET, p-eNOS, p-AKT and serum adiponectin levels in these animals. Taken together our results implicate a causative role of insufficient activation of heme-HO-adiponectin system in pathophysiological abnormalities observed in animal models of chronic oxidative stress such as EC-SOD((-/-)) mice.
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Burgess A, Vanella L, Bellner L, Schwartzman ML, Abraham NG. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and heme oxygenase-1 interaction attenuates diabetes and metabolic syndrome complications. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 97:1-16. [PMID: 22100745 PMCID: PMC3261364 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MSCs are considered to be the natural precursors to adipocyte development through the process of adipogenesis. A link has been established between decreased protective effects of EETs or HO-1 and their interaction in metabolic syndrome. Decreases in HO-1 or EET were associated with an increase in adipocyte stem cell differentiation and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. EET agonist (AKR-I-27-28) inhibited MSC-derived adipocytes and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. We further describe the role of CYP-epoxygenase expression, HO expression, and circulating cytokine levels in an obese mouse, ob/ob(-/-) mouse model. Ex vivo measurements of EET expression within MSCs derived from ob/ob(-/-) showed decreased levels of EETs that were increased by HO induction. This review demonstrates that suppression of HO and EET systems exist in MSCs prior to the development of adipocyte dysfunction. Further, adipocyte dysfunction can be ameliorated by induction of HO-1 and CYP-epoxygenase, i.e. EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Burgess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, OH 43614
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, OH 43614
| | - Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595
| | | | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, OH 43614
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Induction of protective genes leads to islet survival and function. J Transplant 2011; 2011:141898. [PMID: 22220267 PMCID: PMC3246756 DOI: 10.1155/2011/141898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is the most valid approach to the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the function of transplanted islets is often compromised since a large number of β cells undergo apoptosis induced by stress and the immune rejection response elicited by the recipient after transplantation. Conventional treatment for islet transplantation is to administer immunosuppressive drugs to the recipient to suppress the immune rejection response mounted against transplanted islets. Induction of protective genes in the recipient (e.g., heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), A20/tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein3 (tnfaip3), biliverdin reductase (BVR), Bcl2, and others) or administration of one or more of the products of HO-1 to the donor, the islets themselves, and/or the recipient offers an alternative or synergistic approach to improve islet graft survival and function. In this perspective, we summarize studies describing the protective effects of these genes on islet survival and function in rodent allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation models and the prevention of onset of diabetes, with emphasis on HO-1, A20, and BVR. Such approaches are also appealing to islet autotransplantation in patients with chronic pancreatitis after total pancreatectomy, a procedure that currently only leads to 1/3 of transplanted patients being diabetes-free.
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Obrenovich ME, Shamberger RJ, Lonsdale D. Altered heavy metals and transketolase found in autistic spectrum disorder. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:475-86. [PMID: 21755304 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are developmental brain disorders with complex, obscure, and multifactorial etiology. Our recent clinical survey of patient records from ASD children under the age of 6 years and their age-matched controls revealed evidence of abnormal markers of thiol metabolism, as well as a significant alteration in deposition of several heavy metal species, particularly arsenic, mercury, copper, and iron in hair samples between the groups. Altered thiol metabolism from heavy metal toxicity may be responsible for the biochemical alterations in transketolase, and are mechanisms for oxidative stress production, dysautonomia, and abnormal thiamine homeostasis. It is unknown why the particular metals accumulate, but we suspect that children with ASD may have particular trouble excreting thiol-toxic heavy metal species, many of which exist as divalent cations. Accumulation or altered mercury clearance, as well as concomitant oxidative stress, arising from redox-active metal and arsenic toxicity, offers an intriguing component or possible mechanism for oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration in ASD patients. Taken together, these factors may be more important to the etiology of this symptomatically diverse disease spectrum and may offer insights into new treatment approaches and avenues of exploration for this devastating and growing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Obrenovich
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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