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Truchan K, Osyczka AM. Noggin promotes osteogenesis in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via FGFR2/Src/Akt and ERK signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6724. [PMID: 38509118 PMCID: PMC10954655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The balance between Noggin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is important during early development and skeletal regenerative therapies. Noggin binds BMPs in the extracellular space, thereby preventing BMP signaling. However, Noggin may affect cell response not necessarily through the modulation of BMP signaling, raising the possibility of direct Noggin signaling through yet unspecified receptors. Here we show that in osteogenic cultures of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), Noggin activates fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), Src/Akt and ERK kinases, and it stabilizes TAZ proteins in the presence of dexamethasone. Overall, this leads ASCs to increased expression of osteogenic markers and robust mineral deposition. Our results also indicate that Noggin can induce osteogenic genes expression in normal human bone marrow stem cells and alkaline phosphatase activity in normal human dental pulp stem cells. Besides, Noggin can specifically activate FGFR2 in osteosarcoma cells. We believe our findings open new research avenues to further explore the involvement of Noggin in cell fate modulation by FGFR2/Src/Akt/ERK signaling and potential applications of Noggin in bone regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Truchan
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Maria Osyczka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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2
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Xie L, Song X, Lei L, Chen C, Zhao H, Hu J, Yu Y, Bai X, Wu X, Li X, Yang X, Yuan B, Li D, Zhu X, Zhang X. Exploring the potential mechanism of Heng-Gu-Gu-Shang-Yu-He-Ji therapy for osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117480. [PMID: 37995823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Heng-Gu-Gu-Shang-Yu-He-Ji (Osteoking, OK) is a well-known formula for fracture therapy. In clinic, OK is effective in treating fractures while alleviating osteoporosis (OP) symptoms. However, active components of OK and the associated molecular mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to systematically evaluate the anti-osteoporosis efficacy of OK and for the first time combine network pharmacology with high-throughput whole gene transcriptome sequencing to study its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the osteoporosis model was established by the castration of both ovaries. The level of serum bone turnover factor was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Micro-CT and HE staining were used to observe the changes of bone histopathology, and nano-indentation technique was used to detect the biomechanical properties of rat bone. The main active Chemical components of OK were identified using UPLC-DAD. Efficacy verification and mechanism exploration were conducted by network pharmacology, molecular docking, whole gene transcriptomics and in vivo experiments. RESULTS In our study, OK significantly improved bone microarchitecture and bone biomechanical parameters in OVX rats, reduced osteoclast indexes such as C-telopeptide of type I collage (CTX-I) and increased Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) levels. Mechanistically, PI3K/AKT pathway was a common pathway for genome enrichment analysis (KEGG) of both network pharmacology and RNA-seq studies. G protein-β-like protein (GβL), Ribosomal-protein S6 kinase homolog 2 (S6K2), and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) appeared differentially expression in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. These results were also confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS OK may be used to treat osteoporosis, at least partly by activating PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbi Xie
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) School of Pharmacy, Chengdu, 610041, China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xu Song
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) School of Pharmacy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaolu Bai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangfeng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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3
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Wu M, Wu S, Chen W, Li YP. The roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β and BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development, homeostasis and disease. Cell Res 2024; 34:101-123. [PMID: 38267638 PMCID: PMC10837209 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte lineage commitment and differentiation, skeletal development, and homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals through SMAD-dependent and -independent pathways; specifically, they recruit different receptor heterotetramers and R-Smad complexes, resulting in unique biological readouts. BMPs promote osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and chondrogenesis at all differentiation stages, while TGF-βs play different roles in a stage-dependent manner. BMPs and TGF-β have opposite functions in articular cartilage homeostasis. Moreover, TGF-β has a specific role in maintaining the osteocyte network. The precise activation of BMP and TGF-β signaling requires regulatory machinery at multiple levels, including latency control in the matrix, extracellular antagonists, ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, nucleus-cytoplasm transportation, and transcriptional co-regulation in the nuclei. This review weaves the background information with the latest advances in the signaling facilitated by TGF-βs and BMPs, and the advanced understanding of their diverse physiological functions and regulations. This review also summarizes the human diseases and mouse models associated with disordered TGF-β and BMP signaling. A more precise understanding of the BMP and TGF-β signaling could facilitate the development of bona fide clinical applications in treating bone and cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shali Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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4
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Çakmak A, Fuerkaiti S, Karagüzel D, Karaaslan Ç, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Enhanced Osteogenic Potential of Noggin Knockout C2C12 Cells on BMP-2 Releasing Silk Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6175-6185. [PMID: 37796024 PMCID: PMC10646847 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism offers promising therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration by stimulating or suppressing critical signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to increase the activity of BMP-2 signaling through knockout of Noggin, thereby establishing a synergistic effect on the osteogenic activity of cells in the presence of BMP-2. Since Noggin is an antagonist expressed in skeletal tissues and binds to subunits of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to inhibit osteogenic differentiation, here Noggin expression was knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In accordance with this purpose, C2C12 (mouse myoblast) cells were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids. Transfection was achieved with Lipofectamine and confirmed with intense fluorescent signals in microscopic images and deletion in target sequence in Sanger sequencing analysis. Thus, Noggin knockout cells were identified as a new cell source for tissue engineering studies. Then, the transfected cells were seeded on highly porous silk scaffolds bearing BMP-2-loaded silk nanoparticles (30 ng BMP-2/mg silk nanoparticle) in the size of 288 ± 62 nm. BMP-2 is released from the scaffolds in a controlled manner for up to 60 days. The knockout of Noggin by CRISPR/Cas9 was found to synergistically promote osteogenic differentiation in the presence of BMP-2 through increased Coll1A1 and Ocn expression and mineralization. Gene editing of Noggin and BMP-2 increased almost 2-fold Col1A1 expression and almost 3-fold Ocn expression compared to the control group. Moreover, transfected cells produced extracellular matrix (ECM) containing collagen fibers on the scaffolds and mineral-like structures were formed on the fibers. In addition, mineralization characterized by intense Alizarin red staining was detected in transfected cells cultured in the presence of BMP-2, while the other groups did not exhibit any mineralized areas. As has been demonstrated in this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism has great potential for obtaining new cell sources to be used in tissue engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anıl
Sera Çakmak
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Fuerkaiti
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Karagüzel
- Department
of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Hacettepe
University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Karaaslan
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Hacettepe
University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Fan J, Zhang X, Kang M, Lee CS, Kim L, Hadaya D, Aghaloo TL, Lee M. Complementary modulation of BMP signaling improves bone healing efficiency. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122335. [PMID: 37748419 PMCID: PMC10805245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in bone development and regeneration. While BMP-2 is widely used as an alternative to autograft, its clinical application has raised concerns about adverse side effects and deteriorated bone quality. Therefore, there is a need to develop more sophisticated approaches to regulate BMP signaling and promote bone regeneration. Here, we present a novel complementary strategy that targets both BMP antagonist noggin and agonist Trb3 to enhance bone defect repair without the application of exogenous BMP-2. In vitro studies showed that overexpression of Trb3 with simultaneous noggin suppression significantly promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. This was accompanied by increased BMP/Smad signaling. We also developed sterosome nanocarriers, a non-phospholipid liposomal system, to achieve non-viral mediated noggin suppression and Trb3 overexpression. The gene-loaded sterosomes were integrated onto an apatite-coated polymer scaffold for in vivo calvarial defect implantation, resulting in robust bone healing compared to BMP-2 treatments. Our work provides a promising alternative for high-quality bone formation by regulating expression of BMP agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 21853, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Minjee Kang
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Kim
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Danny Hadaya
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tara L Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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6
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Woo SH, Kim DY, Choi JH. Roles of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerotic Calcification. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:106-118. [PMID: 37265849 PMCID: PMC10232217 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of calcium in atherosclerotic plaques is a prominent feature of advanced atherosclerosis, and it has a strong positive correlation with the total burden of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic calcification usually appears first at the necrotic core, indicating that cell death and inflammatory processes are involved in calcification. During atherosclerotic inflammation, various cell types, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, nascent resident pericytes, circulating stem cells, or adventitial cells, have been assumed to differentiate into osteoblastic cells, which lead to vascular calcification. Among these cell types, vascular smooth muscle cells are considered a major contributor to osteochondrogenic cells in the atherosclerotic milieu. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the osteochondrogenic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Woo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Liu H, Müller PE, Aszódi A, Klar RM. Osteochondrogenesis by TGF-β3, BMP-2 and noggin growth factor combinations in an ex vivo muscle tissue model: Temporal function changes affecting tissue morphogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1140118. [PMID: 37008034 PMCID: PMC10060664 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1140118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of clear molecular insight, the biological mechanism behind the use of growth factors applied in osteochondral regeneration is still unresolved. The present study aimed to resolve whether multiple growth factors applied to muscle tissue in vitro, such as TGF-β3, BMP-2 and Noggin, can lead to appropriate tissue morphogenesis with a specific osteochondrogenic nature, thereby revealing the underlying molecular interaction mechanisms during the differentiation process. Interestingly, although the results showed the typical modulatory effect of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 on the osteochondral process, and Noggin seemingly downregulated specific signals such as BMP-2 activity, we also discovered a synergistic effect between TGF-β3 and Noggin that positively influenced tissue morphogenesis. Noggin was observed to upregulate BMP-2 and OCN at specific time windows of culture in the presence of TGF-β3, suggesting a temporal time switch causing functional changes in the signaling protein. This implies that signals change their functions throughout the process of new tissue formation, which may depend on the presence or absence of specific singular or multiple signaling cues. If this is the case, the signaling cascade is far more intricate and complex than originally believed, warranting intensive future investigations so that regenerative therapies of a critical clinical nature can function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Roland M. Klar,
| | - Peter E. Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszódi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M. Klar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Roland M. Klar,
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8
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Li SD, Xing W, Wang SC, Li YB, Jiang H, Zheng HX, Li XM, Yang J, Guo DB, Xie XY, Jiang RQ, Fan C, Li L, Xu X, Fei J. Fibulin2: a negative regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation in infected bone fracture healing. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:443-456. [PMID: 36797542 PMCID: PMC9981700 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture remains a common occurrence, with a population-weighted incidence of approximately 3.21 per 1000. In addition, approximately 2% to 50% of patients with skeletal fractures will develop an infection, one of the causes of disordered bone healing. Dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a key role in disordered bone repair. However, the specific mechanisms underlying BMSC dysfunction caused by bone infection are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that Fibulin2 expression was upregulated in infected bone tissues and that BMSCs were the source of infection-induced Fibulin2. Importantly, Fibulin2 knockout accelerated mineralized bone formation during skeletal development and inhibited inflammatory bone resorption. We demonstrated that Fibulin2 suppressed BMSC osteogenic differentiation by binding to Notch2 and inactivating the Notch2 signaling pathway. Moreover, Fibulin2 knockdown restored Notch2 pathway activation and promoted BMSC osteogenesis; these outcomes were abolished by DAPT, a Notch inhibitor. Furthermore, transplanted Fibulin2 knockdown BMSCs displayed better bone repair potential in vivo. Altogether, Fibulin2 is a negative regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation that inhibits osteogenesis by inactivating the Notch2 signaling pathway in infected bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xuan Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Montreal Neurological Hospital, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Bin Guo
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qing Jiang
- Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fan
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Fei
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Murugaiyan K, Amirthalingam S, Hwang NSY, Jayakumar R. Role of FGF-18 in Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010036. [PMID: 36662083 PMCID: PMC9864085 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering, three key components are cells, biological/mechanical cues, and scaffolds. Biological cues are normally proteins such as growth factors and their derivatives, bioactive molecules, and the regulators of a gene. Numerous growth factors such as VEGF, FGF, and TGF-β are being studied and applied in different studies. The carriers used to release these growth factors also play an important role in their functioning. From the early part of the 1990s, more research has beenconductedon the role of fibroblast growth factors on the various physiological functions in our body. The fibroblast growth factor family contains 22 members. Fibroblast growth factors such as 2, 9, and 18 are mainly associated with the differentiation of osteoblasts and in bone regeneration. FGF-18 stimulates the PI3K/ERK pathway and smad1/5/8 pathway mediated via BMP-2 by blocking its antagonist, which is essential for bone formation. FGF-18 incorporated hydrogel and scaffolds had showed enhanced bone regeneration. This review highlights these functions and current trends using this growth factor and potential outcomes in the field of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavipriya Murugaiyan
- Polymeric Biomaterials Lab, School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | | | - Nathaniel Suk-Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rangasamy Jayakumar
- Polymeric Biomaterials Lab, School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Ranjbarnejad F, Khazaei M, Shahryari A, Khazaei F, Rezakhani L. Recent advances in gene therapy for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:1121-1137. [PMID: 36382408 DOI: 10.1002/term.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autografting, a major treatment for bone fractures, has potential risks related to the required surgery and disease transmission. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most common osteogenic factors used for bone-healing applications. However, BMP delivery can have shortcomings such as a short half-life and the high cost of manufacturing the recombinant proteins. Gene delivery methods have demonstrated promising alternative strategies for producing BMPs or other osteogenic factors using engineered cells. These approaches can also enable temporal overexpression and local production of the therapeutic genes in the target tissues. This review addresses recent progress on engineered viral, non-viral, and RNA-mediated gene delivery systems that are being used for bone repair and regeneration. Advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 genome engineering for bone tissue regeneration also is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ranjbarnejad
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahryari
- Tools for Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Khazaei
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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11
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Xu J, Ye W, Li H, Xu L. WNT1 expression influences the development of dysplasia of the hip via regulating RBPMS2/NOG-BMP2/4-GDF5- WISP2 pathway. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:765-777. [PMID: 35675541 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2081337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of WNT family member 1 (WNT1) in the development of dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and the molecular mechanism involved in this process. Methods: Si-WNT1, pcDNA3.1-WNT1 or corresponding negative controls were transfected into human osteoblast hFOB1.19 and human chondrocyte C28/I2, respectively. The proliferation of cells was measured by EdU assay. The relative expressions of human noggin gene (NOG), growth differentiating factor 5 (GDF5), WNT1, and WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP2) were determined by immunofluorescence analysis. The protein expressions of RNA-binding protein of multiple splice forms 2 (RBPMS2), NOG, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), BMP4, WNT1 and WISP2 were determined by western blot. Animal experiment was also performed and the morphological development of hip joint was observed. Results: Overexpression of WNT1 promoted osteoblast proliferation and inhibited chondrocyte proliferation, while knockdown of WNT1 inhibited osteoblast proliferation. In chondrocytes, knockdown of WNT1 upregulated NOG expression, while overexpression of WNT1 downregulated its expression. In osteoblasts and chondrocytes, overexpression of WNT1 increased BMP2, BMP4, WNT1, and WISP2 expression. RBPMS2 and NOG were slightly expressed in each group. Conclusion: Overexpression of WNT1 promoted osteoblast proliferation, inhibited chondrocyte proliferation, and increased the expressions of BMP2, BMP4, WNT1, and WISP2. Therefore, WNT1 may be a new therapeutic target for DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wensong Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Haibing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lujie Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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12
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Jeon EY, Um SH, Park J, Jung Y, Cheon CH, Jeon H, Chung JJ. Precisely Localized Bone Regeneration Mediated by Marine-Derived Microdroplets with Superior BMP-2 Binding Affinity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200416. [PMID: 35543974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prompt and robust bone regeneration has been clinically achieved using supraphysiological doses of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to overcome the short half-life and rapid clearance. However, uncontrolled burst release of exogenous BMP-2 causes severe complications such as heterotopic ossification and soft tissue inflammation. Therefore, numerous researches have focused on developing a new BMP-2 delivery system for a sustained release profile by immobilizing BMP-2 in various polymeric vehicles. Herein, to avoid denaturation of BMP-2 and enhance therapeutic action via localized delivery, a complex coacervate consisting of fucoidan, a marine-derived glycosaminoglycan, and poly-l-lysine (PLL) is fabricated. Superior BMP-2 binding ability and electrostatic interaction-driven engulfment enable facile and highly efficient microencapsulation of BMP-2. The microencapsulation ability of the coacervate significantly improves BMP-2 bioactivity and provides protection against antagonist and proteolysis, while allowing prolonged release. Moreover, BMP-2 containing coacervate is coated on conventional collagen sponges. The bioactivity and localized bone regenerating ability are confirmed through in vitro (human-derived stem cells), and in vivo (calvarial bone defect model) evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Jeon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Um
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J Chung
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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13
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Effects of BMSC-Derived EVs on Bone Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051012. [PMID: 35631601 PMCID: PMC9146387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles that can be secreted by most cells. EVs can be released into the extracellular environment through exocytosis, transporting endogenous cargo (proteins, lipids, RNAs, etc.) to target cells and thereby triggering the release of these biomolecules and participating in various physiological and pathological processes. Among them, EVs derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-EVs) have similar therapeutic effects to BMSCs, including repairing damaged tissues, inhibiting macrophage polarization and promoting angiogenesis. In addition, BMSC-EVs, as efficient and feasible natural nanocarriers for drug delivery, have the advantages of low immunogenicity, no ethical controversy, good stability and easy storage, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for many diseases. In particular, BMSC-EVs show great potential in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of BMSC-EVs in bone formation and bone resorption, which provides new insights for future research on therapeutic strategies for bone metabolic diseases.
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14
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Enhanced osteogenic effect in reduced BMP-2 doses with siNoggin transfected pre-osteoblasts in 3D silk scaffolds. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121352. [PMID: 34883207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-2, are being increasingly used in bone tissue engineering due to its osteo-inductive effects. Although recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use for bone repair, its high doses cause undesired side effects. In order to reduce the BMP-2 dose for enhanced osteogenic differentiation, in this study we decided to suppress the synthesis of Noggin protein, the primary antagonist of BMP-2, on the MC3T3-E1 cells using Noggin targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA). Unlike other studies, Noggin siRNA (siNoggin) transfected cells were seeded on silk scaffolds, and osteogenic differentiation was investigated for a long-term period (21 days) with MTT, qPCR, SEM/EDS, and histological analysis. Besides, siNoggin transfected MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated as a new cell source for tissue engineering studies. It was determined that Nog gene expression was suppressed in the siNoggin group and Ocn gene expression increased 5-fold compared to the control group (*p < 0.05). The osteogenic effect of BMP-2 was clearly observed in siNoggin transfected cells. According to the SEM/EDS analysis, the siNoggin group has mineral structures clustered on cells, which contain intense Ca and P elements. Histological staining showed that the siNoggin group has a more intense mineralized area than that of the control group. In conclusion, this study indicated that Noggin silencing by siRNA induces osteogenic differentiation in reduced BMP-2 doses for scaffold-based bone regeneration. This non-gene integration strategy has as a safe therapeutic potential to enhance tissue regeneration.
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15
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Atas N, Çakır B, Bakır F, Uçar M, Satış H, Güz GT, Demirel KD, Babaoğlu H, Salman RB, Güler AA, Karadeniz H, Haznedaroğlu Ş, Göker B, Öztürk MA, Tufan A. The impact of anti-TNF treatment on Wnt signaling, noggin, and cytokine levels in axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1381-1389. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Kang M, Lee CS, Lee M. Bioactive Scaffolds Integrated with Liposomal or Extracellular Vesicles for Bone Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8100137. [PMID: 34677210 PMCID: PMC8533541 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With population aging and increased life expectancy, an increasing number of people are facing musculoskeletal health problems that necessitate therapeutic intervention at defect sites. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has become a promising approach for bone graft substitutes as traditional treatments using autografts or allografts involve clinical complications. Significant advancements have been made in developing ideal BTE scaffolds that can integrate bioactive molecules promoting robust bone repair. Herein, we review bioactive scaffolds tuned for local bone regenerative therapy, particularly through integrating synthetic liposomal vesicles or extracellular vesicles to the scaffolds. Liposomes offer an excellent drug delivery system providing sustained release of the loaded bioactive molecules. Extracellular vesicles, with their inherent capacity to carry bioactive molecules, are emerging as an advanced substitute of synthetic nanoparticles and a novel cell-free therapy for bone regeneration. We discuss the recent advance in the use of synthetic liposomes and extracellular vesicles as bioactive materials combined with scaffolds, highlighting major challenges and opportunities for their applications in bone regeneration. We put a particular focus on strategies to integrate vesicles to various biomaterial scaffolds and introduce the latest advances in achieving sustained release of bioactive molecules from the vesicle-loaded scaffolds at the bone defect site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kang
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea;
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Nakashima T, Ganaha A, Tsumagari S, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Nakamura E, Usami SI, Tono T. Is the Conductive Hearing Loss in NOG-Related Symphalangism Spectrum Disorder Congenital? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 83:196-202. [PMID: 33588412 DOI: 10.1159/000512668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a dominant Japanese patient with progressive conductive hearing loss who was diagnosed with NOG-related symphalangism spectrum disorder (NOG-SSD), a spectrum of congenital stapes fixation syndromes caused by NOG mutations. Based on the clinical features, including proximal symphalangism, conductive hearing loss, hyper-opia, and short, broad middle, and distal phalanges of the thumbs, his family was diagnosed with stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes syndrome (SABTT). Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous substitution in the NOG gene, c.645C>A, p.C215* in affected family individuals. He had normal hearing on auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing at ages 9 months and 1 and 2 years. He was followed up to evaluate the hearing level because of his family history of hearing loss caused by SABTT. Follow-up pure tone average testing revealed the development of progressive conductive hearing loss. Stapes surgery was performed, and his post-operative hearing threshold improved to normal in both ears. According to hearing test results, the stapes ankylosis in our SABTT patient seemed to be incomplete at birth and progressive in early childhood. The ABR results in our patient indicated the possibility that newborn hearing screening may not detect conductive hearing loss in patients with NOG-SSD. Hence, children with a family history and/or known congenital joint abnormality should undergo periodic hearing tests due to possible progressive hearing loss. Because of high success rates of stapes surgeries in cases of SABTT, early surgical interventions would help minimise the negative effect of hearing loss during school age. Identification of the nature of conductive hearing loss due to progressive stapes ankylosis allows for better genetic counselling and proper intervention in NOG-SSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakashima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Ganaha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan,
| | - Shougo Tsumagari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuusuke Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Usami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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18
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Komatsu DE, Duque E, Hadjiargyrou M. MicroRNAs and fracture healing: Pre-clinical studies. Bone 2021; 143:115758. [PMID: 33212318 PMCID: PMC7769985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During the past several years, pre-clinical experiments have established that microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, serve as key regulatory molecules of fracture healing. Their easy modulation with agonists and antagonists make them highly desirable targets for future therapeutic strategies, especially for pathophysiologic fractures that either do not heal (nonunions) or are delayed. It is now well documented that these problematic fractures lead to human suffering and impairment of life quality. Additionally, financial difficulties are also encountered as work productivity decreases and income is reduced. Moreover, targeting miRNAs may also be an avenue to enhancing normal physiological fracture healing. Herein we present the most current knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs during fracture healing in pre-clinical studies. Following a brief description on the nature of miRNAs and of the fracture healing process, we present data from studies focusing specifically, on miRNA regulation of osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis (within the context of known signaling pathways), chondrocytes, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, all critical to successful bone repair. Further, we also discuss miRNAs and exosomes. We hope that this manuscript serves as a comprehensive review that will facilitate basic/translational scientists in the orthopaedic arena to realize and further decipher the biological and future therapeutic impact of these small regulatory RNA molecules, especially as they relate to the molecular events of each of the major phases of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Edie Duque
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, United States of America.
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19
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Terauchi M, Tamura A, Arisaka Y, Masuda H, Yoda T, Yui N. Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Complexes of Osteoinductive Agents for Dental Tissue Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:136. [PMID: 33494320 PMCID: PMC7911178 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tissue regeneration has received growing attention for improving the quality of life of patients. Regeneration of oral tissues such as alveolar bone and widely defected bone has been extensively investigated, including regenerative treatment of oral tissues using therapeutic cells and growth factors. Additionally, small-molecule drugs that promote bone formation have been identified and tested as new regenerative treatment. However, treatments need to progress to realize successful regeneration of oral functions. In this review, we describe recent progress in development of regenerative treatment of oral tissues. In particular, we focus on cyclodextrin (CD)-based pharmaceutics and polyelectrolyte complexation of growth factors to enhance their solubility, stability, and bioactivity. CDs can encapsulate hydrophobic small-molecule drugs into their cavities, resulting in inclusion complexes. The inclusion complexation of osteoinductive small-molecule drugs improves solubility of the drugs in aqueous solutions and increases in vitro osteogenic differentiation efficiency. Additionally, various anionic polymers such as heparin and its mimetic polymers have been developed to improve stability and bioactivity of growth factors. These polymers protect growth factors from deactivation and degradation by complex formation through electrostatic interaction, leading to potentiation of bone formation ability. These approaches using an inclusion complex and polyelectrolyte complexes have great potential in the regeneration of oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Terauchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; (Y.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; (Y.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Hiroki Masuda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; (Y.A.); (N.Y.)
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20
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Chen C, Rehnama M, Kim S, Lee CS, Zhang X, Aghaloo T, Fan J, Lee M. Enhanced Osteoinductivity of Demineralized Bone Matrix with Noggin Suppression in Polymer Matrix. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e202000135. [PMID: 33585837 PMCID: PMC7877805 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM), a potential alternative to autologous bone-graft, has been increasingly used for clinical bone repair; however, its application in larger defects isn't successful partly due to the rapid dispersion of DBM particles and relatively lower osteoinductivity. Here, a novel strategy is created to complement the osteoinductivity of DBM by incorporating DBM in biopolymer hydrogel combined with the abrogation of BMP antagonism. Combined treatment of DBM + noggin-suppression displays increased osteogenic potency of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. Injectable chitosan (MeGC)-based hydrogel with heparinization (Hep-MeGC) is further developed to localize and stabilize DBM. Noggin-suppression reveals the significant increase in osteogenesis of hBMSCs in the photopolymerizable Hep-MeGC hydrogels with the encapsulation of DBM. Moreover, the combination of DBM + noggin-suppression in the injectable Hep-MeGC hydrogel displays a robust bone healing in mouse critical-sized calvarial defects in vivo. The mechanistic analysis demonstrates that noggin-suppression increased DBM osteoinductivity by stimulating endogenous BMP/Smad signals. These results have shown promise in DBM's ability as a prominent bone grafting material while being coupled with gene editing mechanism and a localizing three-dimensional scaffold. Together, this approach poses a significant increase in the efficiency of DBM-mediated craniofacial bone repair and dental osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Matthew Rehnama
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Soyon Kim
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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21
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Kim S, Lee M. Rational design of hydrogels to enhance osteogenic potential. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:9508-9530. [PMID: 33551566 PMCID: PMC7857485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) encompasses the field of biomaterials, cells, and bioactive molecules to successfully guide the growth and repair of bone tissue. Current BTE strategies rely on delivering osteogenic molecules or cells via scaffolding materials. However, growth factor- and stem cell-based treatments have several limitations, such as source restriction, low stability, difficulties in predicting long-term efficacy, and high costs, among others. These issues have promoted the development of material-based therapy with properties of accessibility, high stability, tunable efficacy, and low-cost production. Hydrogels are widely used in BTE applications because of their unique hydrophilic nature and tunable physicochemical properties to mimic the native bone environment. However, current hydrogel materials are not ideal candidates due to minimal osteogenic capability on their own. Therefore, recent studies of BTE hydrogels attempt to counterbalance these issues by modifying their biophysical properties. In this article, we review recent progress in the design of hydrogels to instruct osteogenic potential, and present strategies developed to precisely control its bone healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon Kim
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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22
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Fan J, Lee CS, Kim S, Chen C, Aghaloo T, Lee M. Generation of Small RNA-Modulated Exosome Mimetics for Bone Regeneration. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11973-11984. [PMID: 32897692 PMCID: PMC7530137 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Administration of exosomes is considered an attractive cell-free approach to skeletal repair and pathological disease treatment. However, poor yield for the production technique and unexpected therapeutic efficacy of exosomes have been obstacles to their widespread use in clinical practices. Here, we report an alternative strategy to produce exosome-related vesicles with high yields and improved regenerative capability. An extrusion approach was employed to amass exosome mimetics (EMs) from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The collected EMs had a significantly increased proportion of vesicles positive for the exosome-specific CD-63 marker compared with MSC-derived exosomes. EMs were further obtained from genetically modified hMSCs in which expression of noggin, a natural bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, was down-regulated to enhance osteogenic properties of EMs. Moreover, the administration of hMSC-EMs in conjunction with an injectable chitosan hydrogel into mouse nonhealing calvarial defects demonstrated robust bone regeneration. Importantly, mechanistic studies revealed that the enhanced osteogenesis by EMs in which noggin was suppressed was mediated via inhibition of miR-29a. These findings demonstrate the great promise of MSC-mediated EMs and modulation of small RNA signaling for skeletal regeneration and cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Soyon Kim
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Min Lee, PhD, Professor, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Phone: 310-825-6674, Fax: (310) 825-6345,
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Khorsand B, Acri TM, Do A, Femino JE, Petersen E, Fredericks DC, Salem AK. A Multi-Functional Implant Induces Bone Formation in a Diabetic Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000770. [PMID: 32815306 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have defective healing of bone fractures. It was previously shown that nonviral gene delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) that independently encodes bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), acts synergistically to promote bone regeneration in a DM animal model. Additionally, both insulin (INS) and the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2 D3 ) (VD3) have independently been shown to play key roles in regulating bone fracture healing in DM patients. However, these individual therapies fail to adequately stimulate bone regeneration, illustrating a need for novel treatment of bone fractures in diabetic patients. Here, the ability of local delivery of INS and VD3 along with BMP-2 and FGF-2 genes is investigated to promote bone formation ectopically in Type-2 diabetic rats. A composite consisting of VD3 and INS is developed that contains poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (MPs) embedded in a fibrin gel surrounded by a collagen matrix that is permeated with polyethylenimine (PEI)-(pBMP-2+pFGF-2) nanoplexes. Using a submuscular osteoinduction model, it is demonstrated that local delivery of INS, VD3, and PEI-(pBMP-2+pFGF-2) significantly improves bone generation compared to other treatments, thusimplicating this approach as a method to promote bone regeneration in DM patients with bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Khorsand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Timothy M. Acri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Anh‐Vu Do
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - John E. Femino
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Emily Petersen
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Douglas C. Fredericks
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Iowa City IA 52242 USA
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Sun J, Lyu J, Xing F, Chen R, Duan X, Xiang Z. A biphasic, demineralized, and Decellularized allograft bone‐hydrogel scaffold with a cell‐based
BMP
‐7 delivery system for osteochondral defect regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1909-1921. [PMID: 32323455 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Jingtong Lyu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
- Division of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
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May RD, Frauchiger DA, Albers CE, Tekari A, Benneker LM, Klenke FM, Hofstetter W, Gantenbein B. Application of Cytokines of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Family in Spinal Fusion - Effects on the Bone, Intervertebral Disc and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:618-643. [PMID: 31455201 PMCID: PMC7040507 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190628103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is a prevalent socio-economic burden and is often associated with damaged or degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). When conservative therapy fails, removal of the IVD (discectomy), followed by intersomatic spinal fusion, is currently the standard practice in clinics. The remaining space is filled with an intersomatic device (cage) and with bone substitutes to achieve disc height compensation and bone fusion. As a complication, in up to 30% of cases, spinal non-fusions result in a painful pseudoarthrosis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been clinically applied with varied outcomes. Several members of the BMP family, such as BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, BMP7, and BMP9, are known to induce osteogenesis. Questions remain on why hyper-physiological doses of BMPs do not show beneficial effects in certain patients. In this respect, BMP antagonists secreted by mesenchymal cells, which might interfere with or block the action of BMPs, have drawn research attention as possible targets for the enhancement of spinal fusion or the prevention of non-unions. Examples of these antagonists are noggin, gremlin1 and 2, chordin, follistatin, BMP3, and twisted gastrulation. In this review, we discuss current evidence of the osteogenic effects of several members of the BMP family on osteoblasts, IVD cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. We consider in vitro and in vivo studies performed in human, mouse, rat, and rabbit related to BMP and BMP antagonists in the last two decades. We give insights into the effects that BMP have on the ossification of the spine. Furthermore, the benefits, pitfalls, and possible safety concerns using these cytokines for the improvement of spinal fusion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Deborah May
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Emmanuel Albers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adel Tekari
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lorin Michael Benneker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Michael Klenke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Willy Hofstetter
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ma C, Liu L, Wang FN, Tian HS, Luo Y, Yu R, Fan LL, Li YL. Identification of a novel mutation of NOG in family with proximal symphalangism and early genetic counseling. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:169. [PMID: 31694554 PMCID: PMC6836329 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal symphalangism is a rare disease with multiple phenotypes including reduced proximal interphalangeal joint space, symphalangism of the 4th and/or 5th finger, as well as hearing loss. At present, at least two types of proximal symphalangism have been identified in the clinic. One is proximal symphalangism-1A (SYM1A), which is caused by genetic variants in Noggin (NOG), another is proximal symphalangism-1B (SYM1B), which is resulted from Growth Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) mutations. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we reported a Chinese family with symphalangism of the 4th and/or 5th finger and moderate deafness. The proband was a 13-year-old girl with normal intelligence but symphalangism of the 4th finger in the left hand and moderate deafness. Hearing testing and inner ear CT scan suggested that the proband suffered from structural deafness. Family history investigation found that her father (II-3) and grandmother (I-2) also suffered from hearing loss and symphalangism. Target sequencing identified a novel heterozygous NOG mutation, c.690C > G/p.C230W, which was the genetic lesion of the affected family. Bioinformatics analysis and public databases filtering further confirmed the pathogenicity of the novel mutation. Furthermore, we assisted the family to deliver a baby girl who did not carry the mutation by genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis using amniotic fluid DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified a novel NOG mutation (c.690C > G/p.C230W) by target sequencing and helped the family to deliver a baby who did not carry the mutation. Our study expanded the spectrum of NOG mutations and contributed to genetic diagnosis and counseling of families with SYM1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China
| | - Lv Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fang-Na Wang
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China
| | - Hai-Shen Tian
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China.
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RNA-based therapy for osteogenesis. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lee C, Richtsmeier JT, Kraft RH. A coupled reaction-diffusion-strain model predicts cranial vault formation in development and disease. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1197-1211. [PMID: 31006064 PMCID: PMC6625897 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
How cells utilize instructions provided by genes and integrate mechanical forces generated by tissue growth to produce morphology is a fundamental question of biology. Dermal bones of the vertebrate cranial vault are formed through the direct differentiation of mesenchymal cells on the neural surface into osteoblasts through intramembranous ossification. Here we join a self-organizing Turing mechanism, computational biomechanics, and experimental data to produce a 3D representative model of the growing cerebral surface, cranial vault bones, and sutures. We show how changes in single parameters regulating signaling during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation may explain cranial vault shape variation in craniofacial disorders. A key result is that toggling a parameter in our model results in closure of a cranial vault suture, an event that occurred during evolution of the cranial vault and that occurs in craniofacial disorders. Our approach provides an initial and important step toward integrating biomechanics into the genotype phenotype map to explain the production of variation in head morphology by developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyoung Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 341 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joan T Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Reuben H Kraft
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 320 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Institute for Cyberscience, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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29
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Lee JE, Yin Y, Lim SY, Kim ES, Jung J, Kim D, Park JW, Lee MS, Jeong JH. Enhanced Transfection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using a Hyaluronic Acid/Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Gene Delivery System. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050798. [PMID: 31060246 PMCID: PMC6571843 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) show enormous potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. However, current use of hMSCs in clinics is still limited because there is no appropriate way to control their behavior in vivo, such as differentiation to a desired cell type. Genetic modification may provide an opportunity to control the cells in an active manner. One of the major hurdles for genetic manipulation of hMSCs is the lack of an efficient and safe gene delivery system. Herein, biocompatible calcium phosphate (CaP)-based nanoparticles stabilized with a catechol-derivatized hyaluronic acid (dopa-HA) conjugate were used as a carrier for gene transfection to hMSCs for improved differentiation. Owing to the specific interactions between HA and CD44 of bone marrow-derived hMSCs, dopa-HA/CaP showed significantly higher transfection in hMSCs than branched polyethylenimine (bPEI, MW 25 kDa) with no cytotoxicity. The co-delivery of a plasmid DNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2 pDNA) and micro RNA 148b (miRNA-148b) by dopa-HA/CaP achieved significantly improved osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Su Yeon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - E Seul Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jaeback Jung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Dahwun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Min Sang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Convergence of TGFβ and BMP signaling in regulating human bone marrow stromal cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4977. [PMID: 30899078 PMCID: PMC6428815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting regulatory signaling pathways that control human bone marrow stromal (skeletal or mesenchymal) stem cell (hBMSC) differentiation and lineage fate determination is gaining momentum in the regenerative medicine field. Therefore, to identify the central regulatory mechanism of osteoblast differentiation of hBMSCs, the molecular phenotypes of two clonal hBMSC lines exhibiting opposite in vivo phenotypes, namely, bone forming (hBMSC+bone) and non-bone forming (hBMSC−Bone) cells, were studied. Global transcriptome analysis revealed significant downregulation of several TGFβ responsive genes, namely, TAGLN, TMP1, ACTA2, TGFβ2, SMAD6, SMAD9, BMP2, and BMP4 in hBMSC−Bone cells and upregulation on SERPINB2 and NOG. Transcriptomic data was associated with marked reduction in SMAD2 protein phosphorylation, which thereby implies the inactivation of TGFβ and BMP signaling in those cells. Concordantly, activation of TGFβ signaling in hBMSC−Bone cells using either recombinant TGFβ1 protein or knockdown of SERPINB2 TGFβ-responsive gene partially restored their osteoblastic differentiation potential. Similarly, the activation of BMP signaling using exogenous BMP4 or via siRNA-mediated knockdown of NOG partially restored the differentiation phenotype of hBMSC−Bone cells. Concordantly, recombinant NOG impaired ex vivo osteoblastic differentiation of hBMSC+Bone cells, which was associated with SERBINB2 upregulation. Our data suggests the existence of reciprocal relationship between TGFB and BMP signaling that regulates hBMSC lineage commitment and differentiation, whilst provide a plausible strategy for generating osteoblastic committed cells from hBMSCs for clinical applications.
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31
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Ghuman MS, Al-Masri M, Xavier G, Cobourne MT, McKay IJ, Hughes FJ. Gingival fibroblasts prevent BMP-mediated osteoblastic differentiation. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:300-309. [PMID: 30511378 PMCID: PMC6492095 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The inhibitory action of the superficial gingival connective tissues may limit the regenerative potential of alveolar bone in periodontal therapy or dental implant applications. The aims of this study were to investigate the hypothesis that gingival fibroblasts (GF) can inhibit bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐induced osteoblastic differentiation, to determine their expression of BMP inhibitors, and finally to determine whether reduction of these inhibitors can relieve suppression of osteoblastic differentiation. Methods Gingival fibroblasts were co‐cultured either directly or indirectly with calvarial osteoblasts to assess alkaline phosphatase inhibitory activity, a marker of osteoblastic differentiation. To test total BMP‐inhibitory activity of rat GF, conditioned media (GFCM) were collected from cultures. ROS 17/2.8 osteoblastic cells were stimulated with BMP2, together with GFCM. Inhibitor expression was tested using RT‐qPCR, Western blotting and in situ hybridization. Removal of inhibitors was carried out using immunoprecipitation beads. Results Co‐culture experiments showed GF‐secreted factors that inhibit BMP‐stimulated ALP activity. 10 ng/ml BMP2 increased alkaline phosphatase expression in ROS cells by 41%. GFCM blocked BMP activity which was equivalent to the activity of 100 ng/ml Noggin, a well‐described BMP inhibitor. Cultured gingival fibroblasts constitutively expressed BMP antagonist genes from the same subfamily, Grem1, Grem2 and Nbl1 and the Wnt inhibitor Sfrp1. Gremlin1 (6.7 × reference gene expression) had highest levels of basal expression. ISH analysis showed Gremlin1 expression was restricted to the inner half of the gingival lamina propria and the PDL. Removal of Gremlin1 protein from GFCM eliminated the inhibitory effect of GFCM on ALP activity in ROS cells. Subsequent addition of recombinant Gremlin1 restored the inhibitory activity. Conclusions Factors secreted by gingival fibroblasts inhibit BMP‐induced bone formation and a range of BMP inhibitors are constitutively expressed in gingival connective tissues. These inhibitors, particularly Gremlin1, may limit coronal alveolar bone regenerative potential during oral and periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep S Ghuman
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Guilherme Xavier
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian J McKay
- Department of Adult Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francis J Hughes
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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32
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Bone morphogenetic proteins in fracture repair. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 42:2619-2626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Inada T, Tamura A, Terauchi M, Yamaguchi S, Yui N. A silencing-mediated enhancement of osteogenic differentiation by supramolecular ternary siRNA polyplexes comprising biocleavable cationic polyrotaxanes and anionic fusogenic peptides. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:440-450. [PMID: 29355872 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01100h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing of noggin by small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach for the treatment of bone defects, because noggin deactivates bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and suppresses osteogenic differentiation. Here, we demonstrated the silencing of the noggin gene by siRNA polyplexes composed of noggin-targeted siRNA and biocleavable cationic polyrotaxanes (DMAE-SS-PRX). To improve the endosomal escape efficiencies of the DMAE-SS-PRX/siRNA polyplexes, anionic and fusogenic GALA peptides were integrated onto the DMAE-SS-PRX/siRNA polyplexes via simple electrostatic interactions. The formation of ternary complexes was confirmed by gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and zeta-potential measurements. Although the association of GALA peptides with the DMAE-SS-PRX/siRNA polyplexes did not remarkably affect the cellular uptake efficiency of siRNA, the endosomal escape efficiency was remarkably increased for GALA/DMAE-SS-PRX/siRNA ternary polyplexes because of the endosomal and lysosomal membrane destabilization by GALA peptides. Consequently, GALA/DMAE-SS-PRX/siRNA ternary polyplexes showed significantly higher gene silencing efficiency against noggin and enhanced the BMP-2-mediated osteogenic differentiation efficiency. Therefore, we concluded that GALA/DMAE-SS-PRX/siRNA ternary polyplexes can be effective siRNA carriers for suppressing the expression of specific endogenous genes. Consequently, we believe that a more practical approach in vivo will be the combined use of BMP-2 and GALA/DMAE-SS-PRX/siRNA ternary polyplexes, because it will improve the efficacy of bone regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takasuke Inada
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Nguyen MK, Jeon O, Dang PN, Huynh CT, Varghai D, Riazi H, McMillan A, Herberg S, Alsberg E. RNA interfering molecule delivery from in situ forming biodegradable hydrogels for enhancement of bone formation in rat calvarial bone defects. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:105-114. [PMID: 29885529 PMCID: PMC6119505 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) may be an effective and valuable tool for promoting the growth of functional tissue, as short interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) can block the expression of genes that have negative effects on tissue regeneration. Our group has recently reported that the localized and sustained presentation of siRNA against noggin (siNoggin) and miRNA-20a from in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels enhanced osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, the capacity of the hydrogel system to accelerate bone formation in a rat calvarial bone defect model is presented. After 12 weeks post-implantation, the hydrogels containing encapsulated hMSCs and miRNA-20a resulted in more bone formation in the defects than the hydrogels containing hMSCs without siRNA or with negative control siRNA. This localized and sustained RNA interfering molecule delivery system may provide an excellent platform for healing bony defects and other tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Delivery of RNAi molecules may be a valuable strategy to guide cell behavior for tissue engineering applications, but to date there have been no reports of a biomaterial system capable of both encapsulation of cells and controlled delivery of incorporated RNA. Here, we present PEG hydrogels that form in situ via Michael type reaction, and that permit encapsulation of hMSCs and the concomitant controlled delivery of siNoggin and/or miRNA-20a. These RNAs were chosen to suppress noggin, a BMP-2 antagonist, and/or PPAR-γ, a negative regulator of BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis, and therefore promote osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and subsequent bone repair in critical-sized rat calvarial defects. Simultaneous delivery of hMSCs and miRNA-20a enhanced repair of these defects compared to hydrogels containing hMSCs without siRNA or with negative control siRNA. This in situ forming PEG hydrogel system offers an exciting platform for healing critical-sized bone defects by localized, controlled delivery of RNAi molecules to encapsulated hMSCs and surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh K Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Phuong N Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Cong T Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Davood Varghai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Hooman Riazi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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Kowalczewski CJ, Saul JM. Biomaterials for the Delivery of Growth Factors and Other Therapeutic Agents in Tissue Engineering Approaches to Bone Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:513. [PMID: 29896102 PMCID: PMC5986909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture followed by delayed or non-union typically requires bone graft intervention. Autologous bone grafts remain the clinical "gold standard". Recently, synthetic bone grafts such as Medtronic's Infuse Bone Graft have opened the possibility to pharmacological and tissue engineering strategies to bone repair following fracture. This clinically-available strategy uses an absorbable collagen sponge as a carrier material for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and a similar strategy has been employed by Stryker with BMP-7, also known as osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1). A key advantage to this approach is its "off-the-shelf" nature, but there are clear drawbacks to these products such as edema, inflammation, and ectopic bone growth. While there are clinical challenges associated with a lack of controlled release of rhBMP-2 and OP-1, these are among the first clinical examples to wed understanding of biological principles with biochemical production of proteins and pharmacological principles to promote tissue regeneration (known as regenerative pharmacology). After considering the clinical challenges with such synthetic bone grafts, this review considers the various biomaterial carriers under investigation to promote bone regeneration. This is followed by a survey of the literature where various pharmacological approaches and molecular targets are considered as future strategies to promote more rapid and mature bone regeneration. From the review, it should be clear that pharmacological understanding is a key aspect to developing these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin M Saul
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation facilitates in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via up-regulation of heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180087. [PMID: 29789443 PMCID: PMC6048203 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has positive effects on osteogenic differentiation. However, the effect of LIPUS on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) is unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether LIPUS could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. hASCs were isolated and osteogenically induced with LIPUS stimulation at 20 and 30 mW cm-2 for 30 min day-1 Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of hASCs were respectively analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay, Alizarin Red S staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. The results indicated that LIPUS stimulation did not significantly affect the proliferation of hASCs, but significantly increased their alkaline phosphatase activity on day 6 of culture and markedly promoted the formation of mineralized nodules on day 21 of culture. The mRNA expression levels of runt-related transcription factor, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were significantly up-regulated by LIPUS stimulation. LIPUS stimulation did not affect the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 27, HSP40, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 and BMP-9, but significantly up-regulated the protein levels of HSP70, HSP90, BMP-2, and BMP-7 in the hASCs. Further studies found that LIPUS increased the mRNA levels of Smad 1 and Smad 5, elevated the phosphorylation of Smad 1/5, and suppressed the expression of BMP antagonist Noggin. These findings indicated that LIPUS stimulation enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hASCs possibly through the up-regulation of HSP70 and HSP90 expression and activation of BMP signaling pathway. Therefore, LIPUS might have the potential to promote the repair of bone defect.
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Grafe I, Alexander S, Peterson JR, Snider TN, Levi B, Lee B, Mishina Y. TGF-β Family Signaling in Mesenchymal Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a022202. [PMID: 28507020 PMCID: PMC5932590 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for both may be distinct. MSC lineage commitment and progression in differentiation are regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. This review focuses on the roles of TGF-β family signaling in mesenchymal lineage commitment and differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, adipocytes, and tenocytes. We summarize the reported findings of cell culture studies, animal models, and interactions with other signaling pathways and highlight how aberrations in TGF-β family signaling can drive human disease by affecting mesenchymal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan R Peterson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Taylor Nicholas Snider
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Inhibitory Effects of Human Primary Intervertebral Disc Cells on Human Primary Osteoblasts in a Co-Culture System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041195. [PMID: 29652862 PMCID: PMC5979604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion is a common surgical procedure to address a range of spinal pathologies, like damaged or degenerated discs. After the removal of the intervertebral disc (IVD), a structural spacer is positioned followed by internal fixation, and fusion of the degenerated segment by natural bone growth. Due to their osteoinductive properties, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are applied to promote spinal fusion. Although spinal fusion is successful in most patients, the rates of non-unions after lumbar spine fusion range from 5% to 35%. Clinical observations and recent studies indicate, that the incomplete removal of disc tissue might lead to failure of spinal fusion. Yet, it is still unknown if a secretion of BMP antagonists in intervertebral disc (IVD) cells could be the reason of inhibition in bone formation. In this study, we co-cultured human primary osteoblasts (OB) and IVD cells i.e., nucleus pulposus (NPC), annulus fibrosus (AFC) and cartilaginous endplate cells (CEPC), to test the possible inhibitory effect from IVD cells on OB. Although we could see a trend in lower matrix mineralization in OB co-cultured with IVD cells, results of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression of major bone genes were inconclusive. However, in NPC, AFC and CEPC beads, an up-regulation of several BMP antagonist genes could be detected. Despite being able to show several indicators for an inhibition of osteoinductive effects due to IVD cells, the reasons for pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion remain unclear.
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Yang Y, Fang S. Small non-coding RNAs-based bone regulation and targeting therapeutic strategies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 456:16-35. [PMID: 27888003 PMCID: PMC7116989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, which are 20-25 nucleotide ribonucleic acids, have emerged as an important transformation in the biological evolution over almost three decades. microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two significant categories of the small RNAs that exert important effects on bone endocrinology and skeletology. Therefore, clarifying the expression and function of these important molecules in bone endocrine physiology and pathology is of great significance for improving their potential therapeutic value for metabolism-associated bone diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recent advances made in understanding the function and molecular mechanism of these small non-coding RNAs in bone metabolism, especially their potentially therapeutic values in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Sun XK, Zhou J, Zhang L, Ma T, Wang YH, Yang YM, Tang YT, Li H, Wang LJ. Down-regulation of Noggin and miR-138 coordinately promote osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. J Mol Histol 2017; 48:427-436. [PMID: 29094227 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate to osteocytes under suitable conditions. In recent years, micro-nucleotides have been progressively used to modulate gene expression in cells due to the consideration of safety. Our present study aimed to investigate whether co-delivery of Noggin-siRNA and antimiR-138 enhances the osteogenic effect of MSCs. Using a murine MSC line, C3H/10T1/2 cells, the delivery efficiency of Noggin-siRNA and antimiR-138 into MSCs was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell phenotype and proliferation capacity was assessed by flow cytometry and MTT assay respectively. The osteogenesis of MSCs was tested by Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) staining, qRT-PCR, and western blot analyses. Our results demonstrated that the expression of Noggin and miR-138 were significantly silenced in MSCs by Noggin-siRNA and/or antimiR-138 delivery, while the phenotype and proliferation capacity of MSCs were not affected. Down-regulation of Noggin and miR-138 cooperatively promoted osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The ALP positive cells reached about 83.57 ± 10.18%. Compared with single delivery, the expression of osteogenic related genes, such as Alp, Col-1, Bmp2, Ocn and Runx2, were the highest in cells with co-delivery of the two oligonucleotides. Moreover, the protein level of RUNX2, and the ratios of pSMAD1/5/SMAD1/5 and pERK1/2/ERK1/2 were significantly increased. The activation of Smad, Erk signaling may constitute the underlying mechanism of the enhanced osteogenesis process. Taken together, our study provides a safe strategy for the clinical rehabilitation application of MSCs in skeletal deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Kun Sun
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, ZheJiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Tibet Vocational Technical College, Lhasa, 850032, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan-Ting Tang
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Suzhou High-tech Zone, Suzhou, 215129, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Ghadakzadeh S, Hamdy R, Tabrizian M. Efficient in vitro delivery of Noggin siRNA enhances osteoblastogenesis. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00450. [PMID: 29167826 PMCID: PMC5686427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of serious bone defects would not heal without invasive clinical intervention. One approach to such defects is to enhance the capacity of bone-formation cells. Exogenous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been utilized to positively regulate matrix mineralization and osteoblastogenesis, however, numerous adverse effects are associated with this approach. Noggin, a potent antagonist of BMPs, is an ideal candidate to target and decrease the need for supraphysiological doses of BMPs. In the current research we report a novel siRNA-mediated gene knock-down strategy to down-regulate Noggin. We utilized a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery strategy in pre-osteoblastic rat cells. In vitro LNP-siRNA treatment caused inconsequential cell toxicity and transfection was achieved in over 85% of cells. Noggin siRNA treatment successfully down-regulated cellular Noggin protein levels and enhanced BMP signal activity which in turn resulted in significantly increased osteoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization evidenced by histological assessments. Gene expression analysis showed that targeting Noggin specifically in bone cells would not lead to a compensatory effect from other BMP negative regulators such as Gremlin and Chordin. The results from this study support the notion that novel therapeutics targeting Noggin have the clinically relevant potential to enhance bone formation without the need for toxic doses of exogenous BMPs. Such treatments will undeniably provide safe and economical treatments for individuals whose poor bone repair results in permanent morbidity and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghadakzadeh
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R.C. Hamdy
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Wang C, Yuan W, Xiao F, Gan Y, Zhao X, Zhai Z, Zhao X, Zhao C, Cui P, Jin T, Chen X, Zhang X. Biscarbamate Cross-Linked Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethylenimine for Delivering Anti-chordin siRNA into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Improving Bone Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:572. [PMID: 28970797 PMCID: PMC5609535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) provides a rapid solution for drug design and provides new methods to develop customizable medicines. Polyethyleneimine 25 kDa (PEI25kDa) is an effective transfection agent used in siRNA delivery. However, the lack of degradable linkage causes undesirable toxicity, hindering its clinical application. We designed a low-molecular-weight cross-linked polyethylenimine named PEI-Et (Mn:1220, Mw:2895) by using degradable ethylene biscarbamate linkage with lower cytotoxicity and higher knockdown efficiency than PEI25kDa in delivery Chordin siRNA to human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Suppression of Chordin by using anti-Chordin siRNA delivered by PEI-Et improved bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo associated with the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) mediated smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. Results of this study suggest that Chordin siRNA can be potentially used to improve osteogenesis associated with the BMP-2-mediated Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway and biodegradable biscarbamate cross-linked low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI-Et) is a therapeutically feasible carrier material to deliver anti-Chordin siRNA to hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Yaokai Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhanjing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Penglei Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Tuo Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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Cui ZK, Sun JA, Baljon JJ, Fan J, Kim S, Wu BM, Aghaloo T, Lee M. Simultaneous delivery of hydrophobic small molecules and siRNA using Sterosomes to direct mesenchymal stem cell differentiation for bone repair. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:214-224. [PMID: 28578107 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of small molecular drugs with gene manipulation offers synergistic therapeutic efficacy by targeting multiple signaling pathways for combined treatment. Stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with osteoinductive small molecule phenamil combined with suppression of noggin is a promising therapeutic strategy that increases bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and bone repair. Our cationic Sterosome formulated with stearylamine (SA) and cholesterol (Chol) is an attractive co-delivery system that not only forms stable complexes with small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules but also solubilizes hydrophobic small molecules in a single vehicle, for directing stem cell differentiation. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of SA/Chol Sterosomes to simultaneously deliver hydrophobic small molecule phenamil and noggin-directed siRNA to enhance osteogenic differentiation of MSCs both in in vitro two- and three-dimensional settings as well as in a mouse calvarial defect model. These results suggest a novel liposomal platform to simultaneously deliver therapeutic genes and small molecules for combined therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Application of phenamil, a small molecular bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulator, combined with suppression of natural BMP antagonists such as noggin is a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance bone regeneration. Here, we present a novel strategy to co-deliver hydrophobic small molecule phenamil and noggin-targeted siRNA via cationic Sterosomes formed with stearylamine (SA) and high content of cholesterol (Chol) to enhance osteogenesis and bone repair. SA/Chol Sterosomes demonstrated high phenamil encapsulation efficiency, supported sustained release of encapsulated drugs, and significantly reduced drug dose requirements to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Simultaneous deliver of phenamil and noggin siRNA in a single vehicle synergistically enhanced MSC osteogenesis and calvarial bone repair. This study suggests a new non-phospholipid liposomal formulation to simultaneously deliver small molecules and therapeutic genes for combined treatment.
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Wang N, Wang F, Gao Y, Zhou Z, Liu W, Pan C, Yin P, Tang M, Yu X. Solanum Muricatum Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1775-1780. [PMID: 28608614 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Solanum muricatum (SM), also known as pepino, is known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SM extract in promoting osteogenic differentiation and regulating the Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. Ingredients of pepino were extracted and identified. SM extracts were used to treat rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), followed by evaluating alkaline phosphatase activities and mineralization levels. The mRNA levels of osteogenic biomarkers, including OPN and Collagen I, were also evaluated with real-time polymerase chain reaction. After treatment with SM extracts, the expressions of key proteins in the Wnt and BMP signaling pathways were assessed. DKK-1 and noggin, which are Wnt and BMP inhibitors, respectively, were added with SM extracts to investigate the role of Wnt and BMP pathways in the ameliorating effects of SM extract in osteogenesis. Treatment of BMSCs with SM extract promoted osteogenesis. Meanwhile, upregulations in the Wnt and BMP pathways were also observed. However, inhibiting both pathways compromised the effects of SM extract in promoting osteogenic differentiation. SM extract promotes osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs via promoting the Wnt and BMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Dept. of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Univ., Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chenhao Pan
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peipei Yin
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Forghani A, Kriegh L, Hogan K, Chen C, Brewer G, Tighe TB, Devireddy R, Hayes D. Fabrication and characterization of cell sheets using methylcellulose and PNIPAAm thermoresponsive polymers: A comparison Study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1346-1354. [PMID: 28130868 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Culturing cells on thermoresponsive polymers enables cells to be harvested as an intact cell sheet without disrupting the extracellular matrix or compromising cell-cell junctions. Previously, cell sheet fabrication methods using methylcellulose (MC) gel and PNIPAAm were independently demonstrated. In this study, MC and PNIPAAm fabrication methods are detailed and the resulting cell sheets characterized in parallel studies for direct comparison of human adipose derived stromal/stem cell (hASCs) sheet formation, cell morphology, viability, proliferation, and osteogenic potential over 21 days. A cell viability study revealed that hASCs in MC and PNIPAAm cell sheets remained viable for 21 days and proliferated until confluency. Osteogenic cell sheets exhibited upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at day 7, as well as calcium deposition at 21 days. Additionally, expression of osteocalcin (OCN), a late-stage marker of osteogenesis, was quantified at days 14 and 21 using RT-PCR. OCN was upregulated in MC cell sheets at day 14 and PNIPAAm cell sheets at days 14 and 21. These results indicate that hASCs formed into cell sheets commit to an osteogenic lineage when cultured in osteogenic conditions. Cell sheets composed of hASCs may be used for further studies of hASC differentiation or surgical delivery of undifferentiated cells to defect sites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1346-1354, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoosha Forghani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Millennium Science Complex, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Lisa Kriegh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University & Agricultural, Center, E.B. Doran Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Katie Hogan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University & Agricultural, Center, E.B. Doran Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Millennium Science Complex, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Gabrielle Brewer
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University & Agricultural, Center, E.B. Doran Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Timothy B Tighe
- Materials Research Institute, Materials Characterization Lab, Millennium Science Complex, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Millennium Science Complex, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
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Terauchi M, Inada T, Kanemaru T, Ikeda G, Tonegawa A, Nishida K, Arisaka Y, Tamura A, Yamaguchi S, Yui N. Potentiating bioactivity of BMP-2 by polyelectrolyte complexation with sulfonated polyrotaxanes to induce rapid bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial defect. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1355-1363. [PMID: 28130833 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone reconstruction is a challenging issue in the regeneration of surgically removed bone and disease-related bone defects. Although bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has received considerable attention as a bone regeneration inducer, a high dose of BMP-2 is typically required due to its short life-time under in vivo conditions. We have proposed a method to enhance the osteogenetic differentiation ability of BMP-2 in vitro that is based on supramolecular polyelectrolyte complexation with sulfonated polyrotaxanes (PRXs) consisting of sulfopropyl ether (SPE)-modified α-cyclodextrins threaded along a poly(ethylene glycol) chain capped with terminal bulky stopper molecules. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo bone regeneration ability of the SPE-PRX/BMP-2 complexes in a mouse calvarial defect model in comparison to free BMP-2 and heparin/BMP-2 complexes. The regenerated bone area was determined by X-ray computed microtomography, and the mice implanted with sulfonated PRX/BMP-2 complexes exhibited rapid and significant bone regeneration compared to those implanted with free BMP-2 and heparin/BMP-2 complexes. We concluded that the sulfonated PRX/BMP-2 complexes are a promising candidate for clinical bone regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1355-1363, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Terauchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takasuke Inada
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kanemaru
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Go Ikeda
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Asato Tonegawa
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kei Nishida
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
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Nguyen MK, McMillan A, Huynh CT, Schapira DS, Alsberg E. Photocrosslinkable, biodegradable hydrogels with controlled cell adhesivity for prolonged siRNA delivery to hMSCs to enhance their osteogenic differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:485-495. [PMID: 28652917 PMCID: PMC5482539 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photocrosslinked, biodegradable hydrogels have been extensively investigated for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Here, dextran (DEX) was chemically modified with mono(2-acryloyloxyethyl) succinate (MAES) via an esterification reaction, resulting in macromers that could be photocrosslinked to form hydrolytically degradable hydrogels. Hydrogel swelling ratio and degradation rate were controlled by varying the degree of MAES modification. Thiolated cell adhesion peptides (GRGDSPC) were conjugated to acrylated dextran via thiol-acrylate reaction to regulate the interactions of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with the photocrosslinkable hydrogels. The hydrogels permitted sustained release of short interfering RNA (siRNA) over 7 weeks and were cytocompatible with hMSCs. Sustained presentation of siRNA from these photocrosslinked DEX hydrogels enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs. These DEX hydrogels with tunable siRNA delivery and cell adhesive properties may provide an excellent platform for bioactive molecule delivery and tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Cong Truc Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Daniel S Schapira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Xiaoyu S, Panpan D, Yixin M, Xumin L, Shengbin H. A crucial role for upstream regulators of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2016; 93:219. [PMID: 26825815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Xiaoyu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 373, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Dai Panpan
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 373, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Mao Yixin
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 373, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Li Xumin
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 373, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Huang Shengbin
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 373, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, PR China.
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Raisin S, Belamie E, Morille M. Non-viral gene activated matrices for mesenchymal stem cells based tissue engineering of bone and cartilage. Biomaterials 2016; 104:223-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Li KC, Lo SC, Sung LY, Liao YH, Chang YH, Hu YC. Improved calvarial bone repair by hASCs engineered with Cre/loxP-based baculovirus conferring prolonged BMP-2 and MiR-148b co-expression. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3068-3077. [PMID: 27687795 DOI: 10.1002/term.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repairing large calvarial bone defects remains a challenging task. Previously, it was discovered that that miR-148b, when acting in concert with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), enhanced the osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and improved calvarial bone healing in nude mice. However, the molecular target of miR-148b remained elusive. Here it is revealed that miR-148b directly targets NOG, whose gene product (noggin) is an antagonist to BMPs and negatively regulates BMP-induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. A new Cre/loxP-based baculovirus system was employed to drive prolonged BMP-2 and miR-148b overexpression in hASCs, wherein the BMP-2 overexpression induced noggin expression but the concurrent miR-148b expression downregulated noggin, thus relieving the negative regulatory loop and ameliorating hASC osteogenesis without hindering hASC proliferation or triggering appreciable cytotoxicity. Implantation of the engineered hASCs coexpressing BMP-2 and miR-148b into nude mice enabled substantial repair of critical-size calvarial bone defects (4 mm diameter) at 12 weeks post-transplantation, filling 83% of the defect area, 75% of bone volume and restoring the bone density to 89% of the original bone density. Such superior healing effects indicate the potential of the Cre/loxP-based baculovirus-mediated BMP-2/miR-148b expression for calvarial bone repair. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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