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Gupta V, Gharai PK, Kar C, Garg S, Ghosh S. Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Promotes Trans-differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:222-229. [PMID: 38164894 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of multifunctional theranostics is challenging and crucial for deciphering complex biological phenomena and subsequently treating critical disease. In particular, development of theranostics for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and understanding its repair mechanism are challenging and highly complex areas of research. Recently, there have been interesting pieces of research work demonstrated that a small molecule-based neuroregenerative approach using stem cells has potential for future therapeutic lead development for TBI. However, these works demonstrated the application of a mixture of multiple molecules as a "chemical cocktail", which may have serious toxic effects in the differentiated cells. Therefore, development of a single-molecule-based potential differentiating agent for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into functional neurons is vital for the upcoming neuro-regenerative therapeutics. This lead could be further extraploted for the design of theranostics for TBI. In this study, we have developed a multifunctional single-molecule-based fluorescent probe, which can image the transdifferentiated neurons as well as promote the differentiation process. We demonstrated a promising class of fluorescent probes (CP-4) that can be employed to convert hMSCs into neurons in the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF). This fluorescent probe was used in cellular imaging as its fluorescence intensity remained unaltered for up to 7 days of trans-differentiation. We envision that this imaging probe can have an important application in the study of neuropathological and neurodegenerative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Gharai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Chirantan Kar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubham Garg
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
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Wu SCM, Zhu M, Chik SCC, Kwok M, Javed A, Law L, Chan S, Boheler KR, Liu YP, Chan GCF, Poon ENY. Adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells can better suppress complement lysis, engraft and inhibit acute graft-versus-host disease in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:167. [PMID: 37357314 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Transplantation of immunosuppressive human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) can protect against aGvHD post-HSCT; however, their efficacy is limited by poor engraftment and survival. Moreover, infused MSCs can be damaged by activated complement, yet strategies to minimise complement injury of hMSCs and improve their survival are limited. METHODS Human MSCs were derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT) and umbilical cord (UC). In vitro immunomodulatory potential was determined by co-culture experiments between hMSCs and immune cells implicated in aGvHD disease progression. BM-, AT- and UC-hMSCs were tested for their abilities to protect aGvHD in a mouse model of this disease. Survival and clinical symptoms were monitored, and target tissues of aGvHD were examined by histopathology and qPCR. Transplanted cell survival was evaluated by cell tracing and by qPCR. The transcriptome of BM-, AT- and UC-hMSCs was profiled by RNA-sequencing. Focused experiments were performed to compare the expression of complement inhibitors and the abilities of hMSCs to resist complement lysis. RESULTS Human MSCs derived from three tissues divergently protected against aGvHD in vivo. AT-hMSCs preferentially suppressed complement in vitro and in vivo, resisted complement lysis and survived better after transplantation when compared to BM- and UC-hMSCs. AT-hMSCs also prolonged survival and improved the symptoms and pathological features of aGvHD. We found that complement-decay accelerating factor (CD55), an inhibitor of complement, is elevated in AT-hMSCs and contributed to reduced complement activation. We further report that atorvastatin and erlotinib could upregulate CD55 and suppress complement in all three types of hMSCs. CONCLUSION CD55, by suppressing complement, contributes to the improved protection of AT-hMSCs against aGvHD. The use of AT-hMSCs or the upregulation of CD55 by small molecules thus represents promising new strategies to promote hMSC survival to improve the efficacy of transplantation therapy. As complement injury is a barrier to all types of hMSC therapy, our findings are of broad significance to enhance the use of hMSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chun Ming Wu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Manyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stanley C C Chik
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maxwell Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Asif Javed
- School of Biomedical Science, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laalaa Law
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shing Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yin Ping Liu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- , Doctors' Office, 9/F, Tower B, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm 226A, 2/F, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Bedell ML, Wang Z, Hogan KJ, Torres AL, Pearce HA, Chim LK, Grande-Allen KJ, Mikos AG. The effect of multi-material architecture on the ex vivo osteochondral integration of bioprinted constructs. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:99-112. [PMID: 36384222 PMCID: PMC9805529 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion bioprinted constructs for osteochondral tissue engineering were fabricated to study the effect of multi-material architecture on encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells' tissue-specific matrix deposition and integration into an ex vivo porcine osteochondral explant model. Two extrusion fiber architecture groups with differing transition regions and degrees of bone- and cartilage-like bioink mixing were employed. The gradient fiber (G-Fib) architecture group showed an increase in chondral integration over time, 18.5 ± 0.7 kPa on Day 21 compared to 9.6 ± 1.6 kPa on Day 1 for the required peak push-out force, and the segmented fiber (S-Fib) architecture group did not, which corresponded to the increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycan deposition noted only in the G-Fib group and the staining for cellularity and tissue-specific matrix deposition at the fiber-defect boundary. Conversely, the S-Fib architecture was associated with significant mineralization over time, but the G-Fib architecture was not. Notably, both fiber groups also had similar chondral integration as a re-inserted osteochondral tissue control. While architecture did dictate differences in the cells' responses to their environment, architecture was not shown to distinguish a statistically significant difference in tissue integration via fiber push-out testing within a given time point or explant region. Use of this three-week osteochondral model demonstrates that these bioink formulations support the fabrication of cell-laden constructs that integrate into explanted tissue as capably as natural tissue and encapsulate osteochondral matrix-producing cells, and it also highlights the important role that spatial architecture plays in the engineering of multi-phasic tissue environments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Here, an ex vivo model was used to interrogate fundamental questions about the effect of multi-material scaffold architectural choices on osteochondral tissue integration. Cell-encapsulating constructs resembling stratified osteochondral tissue were 3D printed with architecture consisting of either gradient transitions or segmented transitions between the bone-like and cartilage-like bioink regions. The printed constructs were assessed alongside re-inserted natural tissue plugs via mechanical tissue integration push-out testing, biochemical assays, and histology. Differences in osteochondral matrix deposition were observed based on architecture, and both printed groups demonstrated cartilage integration similar to the native tissue plug group. As 3D printing becomes commonplace within biomaterials and tissue engineering, this work illustrates critical 3D co-culture interactions and demonstrates the importance of considering architecture when interpreting the results of studies utilizing spatially complex, multi-material scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katie J Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hannah A Pearce
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Letitia K Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA.
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Gupta V, Mahata T, Roy R, Gharai PK, Jana A, Garg S, Ghosh S. Discovery of imidazole-based GSK-3 β inhibitors for transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to neurons: A potential single-molecule neurotherapeutic foresight. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1002419. [PMID: 36590911 PMCID: PMC9797524 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to functional neurons is crucial for the development of future neuro-regenerative therapeutics. Currently, transdifferentiation of hMSCs to neurons requires a "chemical cocktail" along with neural growth factors. The role of the individual molecules present in a "chemical cocktail" is poorly understood and may cause unwanted toxicity or adverse effects. Toward, this goal, we have showcased the discovery of an imidazole-based "single-molecule" transdifferentiation initiator SG-145C. This discovery was achieved via screening of a small molecule library through extensive in silico studies to shortlist the best-fitting molecules. This discovery evolved through a careful selection to target Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which is one of the important proteins responsible for neurogenesis. Rigorous computational experiments, as well as extensive biological assays, confirmed that SG-145C has significant potential to transdifferentiate hMSCs to neurons. Interestingly, our results suggest that SG-145C can inhibit the proteasomal degradation of phosphorylated β-catenin, in turn promoting transdifferentiation of hMSCs into neurons via the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanushree Mahata
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajsekhar Roy
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Gharai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aniket Jana
- Smart Healthcare, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubham Garg
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India,Smart Healthcare, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Surajit Ghosh,
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Cruz-Maya I, Guarino V. 3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and In Vitro Characterization. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1726. [PMID: 36296078 PMCID: PMC9607065 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, different technological approaches have been proposed for the fabrication of 3D models suitable to evaluate in vitro cell response. Among them, electro fluid dynamic atomization (EFDA) belonging to the family of electro-assisted technologies allows for the dropping of polysaccharides and/or proteins solutions to produce micro-scaled hydrogels or microgels with the peculiar features of hydrogel-like materials (i.e., biocompatibility, wettability, swelling). In this work, a method to fabricate 3D scaffolds by the assembly of bicomponent microgels made of sodium alginate and gelatin was proposed. As first step, optical and scanning electron microscopy with the support of image analysis enabled to explore the basic properties of single blocks in terms of correlation between particle morphology and process parameters (i.e., voltage, flow rate, electrode gap, and needle diameter). Chemical analysis via ninhydrin essays and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of gelatin, mostly retained by physical interactions into the alginate network mediated by electrostatic forces. In vitro tests confirmed the effect of biochemical signals exerted by the protein on the biological response of hMSCs cultured onto the microgels surface. Hence, it is concluded that alginate/gelatin microgels assemblies can efficiently work as 3D scaffolds able to support in vitro cells functions, thus providing a friendly microenvironment to investigate in vitro cell interactions.
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Traversari G, Delogu F, Aparicio S, Cincotti A. hMSCs in contact with DMSO for cryopreservation: experiments and modelling of osmotic injury and cytotoxic effect. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2890-2907. [PMID: 35799310 PMCID: PMC9546233 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work a combined analysis of osmotic injury and cytotoxic effect useful for the optimization of the cryopreservation process of a cell suspension is carried out. The case of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) from Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) in contact with DiMethyl SulfOxide (DMSO) acting as Cryo-Protectant Agent (CPA) is investigated from the experimental as well as the theoretical perspective. The experimental runs are conducted by suspending the cells in hypertonic solutions of DMSO at varying osmolality, system temperature and contact times; then, at room temperature, cells are pelleted by centrifugation and suspended back to isotonic conditions. Eventually cell count and viability are measured by means of a Coulter counter and flow-cytometer, respectively. Overall, a decrease of cell count and viability results when DMSO concentration, temperature and contact time increase. A novel mathematical model is developed and proposed to interpret measured data by dividing the cell population between viable and non-viable cells. The decrease of cell count is ascribed exclusively to the osmotic injury caused by expansion lysis: excessive swelling causes the burst of both viable as well as non-viable cells. On the other hand, the reduction of cell viability is ascribed only to cytotoxicity which gradually transforms viable cells into non-viable ones. A chemical reaction engineering approach is adopted to describe the dynamics of both phenomena: by following the kinetics of two chemical reactions during cell osmosis inside a closed system it is shown that the simultaneous reduction of cell count and viability may be successfully interpreted. The use of the Surface Area Regulation (SAR) model recently proposed by the authors allows one to avoid the setting in advance of fixed cell Osmotic Tolerance Limits (OTLs), as traditionally done in cryopreservation literature to circumvent the mathematical simulation of osmotic injury. Comparisons between experimental data and theoretical simulations are provided: first, a non-linear regression analysis is performed to evaluate unknown model parameters through a best-fitting procedure carried out in a sequential fashion; then, the proposed model is validated by full predictions of system behavior measured at operating conditions different from those used during the best-fit procedure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Traversari
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Cincotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
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Hinkelmann S, Springwald AH, Starke A, Kalwa H, Wölk C, Hacker MC, Schulz-Siegmund M. Microtissues from mesenchymal stem cells and siRNA-loaded cross-linked gelatin microparticles for bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100190. [PMID: 34988418 PMCID: PMC8693629 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of cross-linked gelatin microparticles (cGM) as substrates for osteogenic cell culture to assemble 3D microtissues and their use as delivery system for siRNA to cells in these assemblies. In a 2D transwell cultivation system, we found that cGM are capable to accumulate calcium ions from the surrounding medium. Such a separation of cGM and SaOS-2 cells consequently led to a suppressed matrix mineral formation in the SaOS-2 culture on the well bottom of the transwell system. Thus, we decided to use cGM as component in 3D microtissues and get a close contact between calcium ion accumulating microparticles and cells to improve matrix mineralization. Gelatin microparticles were cross-linked with a N,N-diethylethylenediamine-derivatized (DEED) maleic anhydride (MA) containing oligo (pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-MA) (oPNMA) and aggregated with SaOS-2 or human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to microtissue spheroids. We systematically varied the content of cGM in microtissues and observed cell differentiation and tissue formation. Microtissues were characterized by gene expression, ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Mineralization was detectable in microtissues with SaOS-2 cells after 7 days and with hMSC after 24–28 days in osteogenic culture. When we transfected hMSC via cGM loaded with Lipofectamine complexed chordin siRNA, we found increased ALP activity and accelerated mineral formation in microtissues in presence of BMP-2. As a model for positive paracrine effects that indicate promising in vivo effects of these microtissues, we incubated pre-differentiated microtissues with freshly seeded hMSC monolayers and found improved mineral formation all over the well in the co-culture model. These findings may support the concept of microtissues from hMSC and siRNA-loaded cGM for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hinkelmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra H Springwald
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annett Starke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann Kalwa
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wölk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael C Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Alvarez-Perez MA, Cirillo V, Pastore Carbone MG, Pannico M, Musto P, Guarino V. In Vitro Cell Interactions on PVDF Films: Effects of Surface Morphology and Polar Phase Transition. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5232. [PMID: 34576456 PMCID: PMC8470707 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have validated the use of piezoelectric materials for in situ biological stimulation, opening new interesting insights for bio-electric therapies. In this work, we investigate the morphological properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in the form of microstructured films after temperature-driven phase transition. The work aims to investigate the correlations between morphology at micrometric (i.e., spherulite size) and sub-micrometric (i.e., phase crystallinity) scale and in vitro cell response to validate their use as bio-functional interfaces for cellular studies. Morphological analyses (SEM, AFM) enabled evidence of the peculiar spherulite-like structure and the dependence of surface properties (i.e., intra-/interdomain roughness) upon process conditions (i.e., temperature). Meanwhile, chemical (i.e., FTIR) and thermal (i.e., DSC) analyses highlighted an influence of casting temperature and polymer solution on apolar to polar phases transition, thus affecting in vitro cell response. Accordingly, in vitro tests confirmed the relationship between micro/sub-microstructural properties and hMSC response in terms of adhesion and viability, thus suggesting a promising use of PVDF films to model, in perspective, in vitro functionalities of cells under electrical stimuli upon mechanical solicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Cirillo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad.20, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Giovanna Pastore Carbone
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research, and Technology Hellas (FORTH-ICEHT), Stadiou St, Platani GR-26504, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Marianna Pannico
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 32, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 32, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad.20, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy;
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Bagdasarian FA, Yuan X, Athey J, Bunnell BA, Grant SC. NODDI highlights recovery mechanisms in white and gray matter in ischemic stroke following human stem cell treatment. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:3211-3223. [PMID: 34355818 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffusion MRI offers insight into ischemic stroke progression in both human and rodent models. However, diffusion MRI to evaluate therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells is limited. Robust analytical techniques are required to identify potential physiological changes as a function of cell therapy in stroke. Here, we seek to establish Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) as a feasible method in evaluating stroke evolution in response to cell-based therapeutics. METHODS Diffusion MRI data at 21.1T were acquired from 16 male rats. Rats were grouped randomly: naïve (baseline, N = 5), stroke with injections of phosphate buffered saline (N = 6), stroke with injection of 2D human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC, N = 5). Data were acquired on days 1, 3, 7, and 21 post-surgery. DTI and NODDI maps were generated, with regions of interest placed in the ischemic hemisphere external capsule and striatum. Diffusion parameters were compared between groups each day, and within groups across hemispheres and longitudinally. Behavioral characterizations were on days 0 (pre-surgery), 3, 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS The 2D hMSC preserved diffusional restriction in the external capsule compared to saline (day 1: MD, P = .4060; AD, P = .0220). NODDI indicates that hMSC may have preserved intracellular volume fractions (ICVF: day 1, P = .0086; day 3, P = .0021; day 21, P = .0383). Diffusion metrics of hMSC treated animals were comparable to naïve for the external capsule. CONCLUSIONS NODDI compliments DTI metrics, enhances interpretation of tissue outcome in ischemic stroke following hMSC application, and may be useful in evaluating or predicting therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Andrew Bagdasarian
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jacob Athey
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Marchese P, Young R, O’Connell E, Afoullouss S, Baker BJ, Allcock AL, Barry F, Murphy JM. Deep-Sea Coral Garden Invertebrates and Their Associated Fungi Are Genetic Resources for Chronic Disease Drug Discovery. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070390. [PMID: 34356815 PMCID: PMC8303266 DOI: 10.3390/md19070390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases characterized by bone and cartilage loss are associated with a reduced ability of progenitor cells to regenerate new tissues in an inflammatory environment. A promising strategy to treat such diseases is based on tissue repair mediated by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), but therapeutic outcomes are hindered by the absence of small molecules to efficiently modulate cell behaviour. Here, we applied a high-throughput drug screening technology to bioprospect a large library of extracts from Irish deep-sea organisms to induce hMSC differentiation toward musculoskeletal lineages and reduce inflammation of activated macrophages. The library included extracts from deep-sea corals, sponges and filamentous fungi representing a novel source of compounds for the targeted bioactivity. A validated hit rate of 3.4% was recorded from the invertebrate library, with cold water sea pens (octocoral order Pennatulacea), such as Kophobelemnon sp. and Anthoptilum sp., showing the most promising results in influencing stem cell differentiation toward osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Extracts obtained from deep-sea fungi showed no effects on stem cell differentiation, but a 6.8% hit rate in reducing the inflammation of activated macrophages. Our results demonstrate the potential of deep-sea organisms to synthetize pro-differentiation and immunomodulatory compounds that may represent potential drug development candidates to treat chronic musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Marchese
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91W2TY Galway, Ireland;
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Ryan Young
- Martin Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (R.Y.); (S.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Enda O’Connell
- Genomics and Screening Core, National University of Ireland Galway, H91W2TY Galway, Ireland;
| | - Sam Afoullouss
- Martin Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (R.Y.); (S.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Bill J. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - A. Louise Allcock
- Martin Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (R.Y.); (S.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91W2TY Galway, Ireland;
| | - J. Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91W2TY Galway, Ireland;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (J.M.M.)
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11
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Kubo H, Czerwinski S, Schrumpf H, Buhren B, Prodinger P, Krauspe R, Pilge H. Rifampicin has - Compared to clindamycin - A dose and time dependent effect on hMSCs during osteogenic differentiation in vitro. J Orthop 2021; 26:49-53. [PMID: 34305347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of rifampicin and clindamycin on human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) were examined. Methods hMSC were cultured with rifampicin and clindamycin (0.5 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml) and examinations of proliferation (Bromodeoxyuridine), calcification (Alizarin red) and mineralization (alkaline phosphatase) were performed after 7th, 14th and 21st days. Results With rifampicin (50 μg/ml) cultured hMSC showed a significant negative effect during proliferation, mineralization (7, 14 and 21 days) and calcification (21 days). Clindamycin seems to have no effect. Conclusions Rifampicin in a dosage of 50 μg/ml showed a negative impact on proliferation, mineralization and calcification of hMSC after 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kubo
- University of Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinic Director: Prof. Joachim Windolf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Czerwinski
- University of Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinic Director: Prof. Joachim Windolf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Schrumpf
- University of Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinic Director: Prof. Joachim Windolf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Buhren
- University of Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinic Director: Prof. Joachim Windolf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Prodinger
- Krankenhaus Agatharied, Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Norbert Kerkel Platz, D-83734, Hausham, Germany
| | - Ruediger Krauspe
- Professor Emeritus of the Orthopedic Department, University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hakan Pilge
- Orthopaedicum Munich, Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 4, 81737, Munich, Germany
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12
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Tsai AC, Pacak CA. Bioprocessing of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Planar Culture to Microcarrier-Based Bioreactors. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8070096. [PMID: 34356203 PMCID: PMC8301102 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8070096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have demonstrated great potential to be used as therapies for many types of diseases. Due to their immunoprivileged status, allogeneic hMSCs therapies are particularly attractive options and methodologies to improve their scaling and manufacturing are needed. Microcarrier-based bioreactor systems provide higher volumetric hMSC production in automated closed systems than conventional planar cultures. However, more sophisticated bioprocesses are necessary to successfully convert from planar culture to microcarriers. This article summarizes key steps involved in the planar culture to microcarrier hMSC manufacturing scheme, from seed train, inoculation, expansion and harvest. Important bioreactor parameters, such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), mixing, feeding strategies and cell counting techniques, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- Correspondence: (A.-C.T.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Christina A. Pacak
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (A.-C.T.); (C.A.P.)
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13
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Nilson R, Lübbers O, Weiß L, Singh K, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Rojewski M, Schrezenmeier H, Zeplin PH, Funk W, Krutzke L, Kochanek S, Kritzinger A. Transduction Enhancers Enable Efficient Human Adenovirus Type 5-Mediated Gene Transfer into Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061136. [PMID: 34204818 PMCID: PMC8231506 DOI: 10.3390/v13061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are currently developed as cell therapeutics for different applications, including regenerative medicine, immune modulation, and cancer treatment. The biological properties of hMSCs can be further modulated by genetic engineering. Viral vectors based on human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) belong to the most frequently used vector types for genetic modification of human cells in vitro and in vivo. However, due to a lack of the primary attachment receptor coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) in hMSCs, HAdV-5 vectors are currently not suitable for transduction of this cell type without capsid modification. Here we present several transduction enhancers that strongly enhance HAdV-5-mediated gene transfer into both bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived hMSCs. Polybrene, poly-l-lysine, human lactoferrin, human blood coagulation factor X, spermine, and spermidine enabled high eGFP expression levels in hMSCs. Importantly, hMSCs treated with enhancers were not affected in their migration behavior, which is a key requisite for many therapeutic applications. Exemplary, strongly increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) (a secreted model therapeutic protein) was achieved by enhancer-facilitated HAdV-5 transduction. Thus, enhancer-mediated HAdV-5 vector transduction is a valuable method for the engineering of hMSCs, which can be further exploited for the development of innovative hMSC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Olivia Lübbers
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Linus Weiß
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.S.); (K.S.-K.)
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.S.); (K.S.-K.)
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.R.); (H.S.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.R.); (H.S.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip Helge Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, 71638 Ludwigsburg, Germany;
| | | | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-73150046103
| | - Astrid Kritzinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
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14
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Rotondi M, Grace N, Betts J, Bargh N, Costariol E, Zoro B, Hewitt CJ, Nienow AW, Rafiq QA. Design and development of a new ambr250® bioreactor vessel for improved cell and gene therapy applications. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1103-1116. [PMID: 33528693 PMCID: PMC8043889 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of cell and gene therapies has generated significant interest in their clinical and commercial potential. However, these therapies are prohibitively expensive to manufacture and can require extensive time for development due to our limited process knowledge and understanding. The automated ambr250® stirred-tank bioreactor platform provides an effective platform for high-throughput process development. However, the original dual pitched-blade 20 mm impeller and baffles proved sub-optimal for cell therapy candidates that require suspension of microcarriers (e.g. for the culture of adherent human mesenchymal stem cells) or other particles such as activating Dynabeads® (e.g. for the culture of human T-cells). We demonstrate the development of a new ambr250® stirred-tank bioreactor vessel which has been designed specifically to improve the suspension of microcarriers/beads and thereby improve the culture of such cellular systems. The new design is unbaffled and has a single, larger elephant ear impeller. We undertook a range of engineering and physical characterizations to determine which vessel and impeller configuration would be most suitable for suspension based on the minimum agitation speed (NJS) and associated specific power input (P/V)JS. A vessel (diameter, T, = 60 mm) without baffles and incorporating a single elephant ear impeller (diameter 30 mm and 45° pitch-blade angle) was selected as it had the lowest (P/V)JS and therefore potentially, based on Kolmogorov concepts, was the most flexible system. These experimentally-based conclusions were further validated firstly with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations and secondly experimental studies involving the culture of both T-cells with Dynabeads® and hMSCs on microcarriers. The new ambr250® stirred-tank bioreactor successfully supported the culture of both cell types, with the T-cell culture demonstrating significant improvements compared to the original ambr250® and the hMSC-microcarrier culture gave significantly higher yields compared with spinner flask cultures. The new ambr250® bioreactor vessel design is an effective process development tool for cell and gene therapy candidates and potentially for autologous manufacture too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rotondi
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ned Grace
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech, York Way, Royston, SG8 5WY, UK
| | - John Betts
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech, York Way, Royston, SG8 5WY, UK
| | - Neil Bargh
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech, York Way, Royston, SG8 5WY, UK
| | - Elena Costariol
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Barney Zoro
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech, York Way, Royston, SG8 5WY, UK
| | - Christopher J Hewitt
- Aston Medical Research Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alvin W Nienow
- Aston Medical Research Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Qasim A Rafiq
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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15
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de Melo Pereira D, Eischen-Loges M, Birgani ZT, Habibovic P. Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs on Biomineralized Collagen. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:554565. [PMID: 33195119 PMCID: PMC7644787 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.554565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralized collagen with intrafibrillar calcium phosphate mineral provides an excellent mimic of the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix of bone, from nano- to micro-scale. Scaffolds prepared from this material have the potential to become the next-generation of synthetic bone graft substitutes, as their unique properties make them closer to the native tissue than synthetic alternatives currently available to clinicians. To understand the interaction between biomineralized collagen and cells that are relevant in the context of bone regeneration, we studied the growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) cultured on biomineralized collagen membranes, and compared it to the cell behavior on collagen membranes without mineral. Cells proliferated normally on both biomimetic membranes, and were more triggered to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage by the biomineralized collagen. This was shown by the elevated mRNA levels of RUNX2, SPP1, ENPP1, and OCN after 3 days of culture, and COL1A1 after 14 days of culture on mineralized collagen. The mRNA levels of the tested markers of osteogenesis were lower on collagen membranes without mineral, with the exception of OCN, which was more highly expressed on collagen than on biomineralized collagen membranes. Expression by hMSCs of OPG, a gene involved in inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, was higher on biomineralized collagen at day 3, while M-CSF, involved in osteoblast-osteoclast communication, was upregulated on both membranes at day 3 and 14 of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity of hMSCs was high on both biomimetic membranes when compared with cells cultured on tissue culture plastic. Cell-induced mineralization was observed on collagen membranes, while the high mineral content of the biomineralized membranes prohibited a reliable analysis of cell-induced mineralization on these membranes. In conclusion, we have identified that both collagen and biomineralized collagen support proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of hMSCs, with biomineralized membranes having a more pronounced positive effect. These findings support the existing evidence that biomineralized collagen is a promising material in the field of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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16
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Lee H, Kim SHL, Yoon H, Ryu J, Park HH, Hwang NS, Park TH. Intracellular Delivery of Recombinant RUNX2 Facilitated by Cell-Penetrating Protein for the Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5202-5214. [PMID: 33455270 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a commonly used cell source for cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their easy accessibility and multipotency. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a master regulator of the osteogenic commitment of hMSCs. Either recombinant plasmid delivery or viral transduction has been utilized to activate RUNX2 gene expression for effective hMSC differentiation. In this study, recombinant RUNX2 fused with cell-penetrating 30Kc19α protein (30Kc19α-RUNX2) was delivered into hMSCs for osteogenic commitment. Fusion of recombinant RUNX2 with 30Kc19α resulted in successful delivery of the protein into cells and enhanced soluble expression of the protein. Intracellular delivery of the 30Kc19α-RUNX2 fusion protein enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. 30Kc19α-RUNX2 treatment resulted in increased ALP accumulation and elevated calcium deposition. Finally, implantation of hMSCs treated with 30Kc19α-RUNX2 showed osteogenesis via cell delivery into the subcutaneous tissue and bone regeneration in a cranial defect mouse model. Therefore, we suggest that 30Kc19α-RUNX2, an osteoinductive recombinant protein, is an efficient tool for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungro Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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17
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Weng J, Wu J, Chen W, Fan H, Liu H. KLF14 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by downregulating WNT3A. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4445-4455. [PMID: 32913518 PMCID: PMC7476154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KLF14 belongs to the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors. The KLF family activate and/or repress transcription in a promoter- and cell-dependent manner by interacting with co-suppressors or co-activators. However, the function and mechanism of KLF14 in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is unknown. This study explores the impact and molecular mechanism of KLF14 in hMSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro. We found that KLF14 was highly expressed in hMSCs, and KLF14 expression gradually decreased after inducing osteogenic differentiation. Inhibiting KLF14 expression promoted osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. We also found that KLF14 interacted with the WNT3A promoter. This interaction decreased expression of WNT3A and downstream osteogenesis-related target genes in the WNT signaling pathway, and resulted in cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, we describe a new mechanism for KLF14 in differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts and suggest a new target for clinical therapeutics related to human bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Weng
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityGuangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyGuangdong, P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityGuangdong, P. R. China
| | - Haidong Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityGuangdong, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityGuangdong, P. R. China
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18
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Voltrova B, Jarolimova P, Hybasek V, Blahnova VH, Sepitka J, Sovkova V, Matějka R, Daniel M, Fojt J, Filova E. In vitro evaluation of a novel nanostructured Ti-36Nb-6Ta alloy for orthopedic applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1843-1859. [PMID: 32752935 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the impact of a nanostructured surface created on β-titanium alloy, Ti-36Nb-6Ta, on the growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials & methods: The nanotubes, with average diameters 18, 36 and 46 nm, were prepared by anodic oxidation. Morphology, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the nanotube layers were characterized. The biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of the nanostructured surfaces were established using various in vitro assays, scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results: The nanotubes lowered elastic modulus close to that of bone, positively influenced cell adhesion, improved ALP activity, synthesis of type I collagen and osteocalcin expression, but diminished early cell proliferation. Conclusion: Nanostructured Ti-36Nb-6Ta with nanotube diameters 36 nm was the most promising material for bone implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Voltrova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 2038/6, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Jarolimova
- Department of Metals & Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry & Technology, Technická 5, 166 29, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Hybasek
- Department of Metals & Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry & Technology, Technická 5, 166 29, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hefka Blahnova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Sepitka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Sovkova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Matějka
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Náměstí Sítná 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Daniel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Fojt
- Department of Metals & Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry & Technology, Technická 5, 166 29, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Filova
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Zhao C, Pu Y, Zhang H, Hu X, Zhang R, He S, Zhao Q, Mu B. IL10-modified Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells inhibit Pancreatic Cancer growth through Angiogenesis Inhibition. J Cancer 2020; 11:5345-5352. [PMID: 32742480 PMCID: PMC7391191 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we constructed the recombinant plasmid IL10-PEGFP-C1 and successfully transfected into human mesenchymal stem cells. After culturing for 72 h, the levels of IL6 and TNF-α in the supernatant of the MSCs-IL10 group were significantly lower than the vector group and the control group (17.6 ± 0.68vs73.8 ± 0.8 and 74.4 ± 1.5) µg/L and (65.05 ± 3.8 vs 203.2 ± 2.4 and 201.3 ± 3.7) µg/L, respectively (p < 0.001) .The animal experiments showed that the volume of subcutaneous tumors in the MSCs-IL10 group in vivo was a significantly less level compared to that in MSC control and the blank control groups (76.84 ± 20.11) mm3 vs (518. 344 ± 48.66) mm3, (576.99± 49.88) mm3, (P < 0. 05) and they have a longer life time. Further we found the mass concentrations of IL6 and TNF-α in the blood serum of MSC-IL10 group were lower than the vector group and the control group (64.42 ± 10.9 vs120.83 ± 15.52 and 122.65 ± 13.71) and (40.05 ± 5.63 vs 126.78 ±1.89 and 105.83 ± 2.16) µg/L respectively (p < 0.001). CD31 immunohistochemistry and alginate encapsulation experiments showed tumor angiogenesis were inhibited in MSCs-IL10 group in comparison to the control and vector group (P < 0.001), FITC-labeled dextran intake was also lower than the other groups (P < 0.01). Collectively, this study suggested IL10 could inhibit the growth of the transplanted tumor in vivo and prolong survival of mice, and the primary mechanism may be the indirect inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF-α secretion and tumor angiogenesis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- Sicuhan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Pu
- Sicuhan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haidi Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xianhua Hu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rendan Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Mu
- Sicuhan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
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20
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Mayilsamy K, Markoutsa E, Das M, Chopade P, Puro D, Kumar A, Gulick D, Willing AE, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Treatment with shCCL20-CCR6 nanodendriplexes and human mesenchymal stem cell therapy improves pathology in mice with repeated traumatic brain injury. Nanomedicine 2020; 29:102247. [PMID: 32599163 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating neurological disorder, although the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. TBI causes blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell trafficking, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. CCL20 is an important chemokine mediating neuroinflammation. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy is a promising regenerative approach but the inflammatory microenvironment in the brain tends to decrease the efficacy of the hMSC transplantation. Reducing the inflammation prior to hMSC therapy improves the outcome. We developed a combined nano-cell therapy by using dendrimers complexed with plasmids (dendriplexes) targeting CCL20 and its sole receptor CCR6 to reduce inflammation followed by hMSC transplantation. Treatment of TBI mice with shRNA conjugated dendriplexes followed by hMSC administration downregulated the inflammatory markers and significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the cerebral cortex indicating future possible neurogenesis and improved behavioral deficits. Taken together, this nano-cell therapy ameliorates neuroinflammation and promotes brain tissue repair after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Mayilsamy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mahasweta Das
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pratik Chopade
- College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Durga Puro
- College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Akanksha Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle Gulick
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alison E Willing
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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21
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Dosta P, Ferber S, Zhang Y, Wang K, Ros A, Uth N, Levinson Y, Abraham E, Artzi N. Scale-up manufacturing of gelatin-based microcarriers for cell therapy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2937-2949. [PMID: 32356942 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microcarriers, including crosslinked porous gelatin beads (Cultispher G) are widely used as cell carriers for cell therapy applications. Microcarriers can support a range of adherent cell types in stirred tank bioreactor culture, which is scalable up to several thousands of liters. Cultispher G in particular is advantageous for cell therapy applications because it can be dissolved enzymatically, and thus cells can be harvested without the need to perform a large-scale cell-bead filtration step. This enzymatic dissolution, however, is challenged by the slow degradation of the carriers in the presence of enzymes as new extracellular matrix is being deposited by the proliferating cells. This extended dissolution timelimits the yield of cell recovery while compromising cellular viability. We report herein the development of crosslinked porous gelatin beads that afford rapid, stimuli-triggered dissolution for facile cell removal using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) as a model system. We successfully fabricated redox-sensitive beads (RS beads) and studied their cell growth, dissolution time and cell yield, compared to regular gelatin-based beads (Reg beads). We have shown that RS beads allow for much faster dissolution compared to Reg beads, supporting better hMSC detachment and recovery following 8 days of culture in spinner flasks, or in 3L bioreactors. These newly synthesized RS beads show promise as cellular microcarriers and can be used for scale-up manufacturing of different cell types while providing on-demand degradation for facile cell retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Dosta
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shiran Ferber
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kui Wang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Albert Ros
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Uth
- Research and Technology, Walkersville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Eytan Abraham
- Research and Technology, Walkersville, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Kafi MA, Aktar K, Todo M, Dahiya R. Engineered chitosan for improved 3D tissue growth through Paxillin-FAK-ERK activation. Regen Biomater 2019; 7:141-151. [PMID: 32296533 PMCID: PMC7147363 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold engineering has attracted significant attention for three-dimensional (3D) growth, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Currently available scaffolds suffer from issues such as poor ability for cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. This paper addresses these issues with 3D porous chitosan scaffold, fabricated and functionalized with cysteine-terminated Arg-Gly-Asp (Cys-RGD) tri-peptide on their walls. The study reveals that the compressive moduli of the scaffold is independent to RGD functionalization but shows dependence on the applied freezing temperature (TM) during the fabrication process. The low freezing TM (-80°C) produces scaffold with high compressive moduli (14.64 ± 1.38 kPa) and high TM (-30°C) produces scaffold with low compressive moduli (5.6 ± 0.38 kPa). The Cys-RGD functionalized scaffolds lead to significant improvements in adhesion (150%) and proliferation (300%) of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC). The RGD-integrin coupling activates the focal adhesion signaling (Paxillin-FAK-ERK) pathways, as confirmed by the expression of p-Paxillin, p-FAK and p-ERK protein, and results in the observed improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. The proliferation of hMSC on RGD functionalized surface was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy imaging and distribution though pore was confirmed by histochemistry of transversely sectioned scaffold. The hMSC adhesion and proliferation in scaffold with high compressive moduli showed a constant enhancement (with a slope value 9.97) of compressive strength throughout the experimental period of 28 days. The improved cell adhesion and proliferation with RGD functionalized chitosan scaffold, together with their mechanical stability, will enable new interesting avenues for 3D cell growth and differentiation in numerous applications including regenerative tissue implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Kafi
- BEST Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.,Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Khudishta Aktar
- BEST Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mitsugu Todo
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- BEST Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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23
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Dilla RA, Xu Y, Zander ZK, Bernard N, Wiener CG, Vogt BD, Becker ML. Mechanically tunable, human mesenchymal stem cell viable poly(ethylene glycol)-oxime hydrogels with invariant precursor composition, concentration, and stoichiometry. Mater Today Chem 2019; 11:244-252. [PMID: 31667447 PMCID: PMC6820350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are used widely for exploratory tissue engineering studies. However, currently no hydrogel systems have been reported that exhibit a wide range of elastic modulus without changing precursor concentration, identity, or stoichiometry. Herein, ester and amide-based PEG-oxime hydrogels with tunable moduli (~5-30 kPa) were synthesized with identical precursor mass fraction, stoichiometry, and concentration by varying the pH and buffer concentration of the gelation solution, exploiting the kinetics of oxime bond formation. The observed modulus range can be attributed to increasing amounts of network defects in slower forming gels, as confirmed by equilibrium swelling and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. Finally, hMSC viability was confirmed in these materials in a 24 h assay. While only an initial demonstration of the potential utility, the controlled variation in defect density and modulus is an important step forward in isolating system variables for hypothesis-driven biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger A Dilla
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer Science, 44325, USA
| | - Yanyi Xu
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer Science, 44325, USA
| | - Zachary K Zander
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer Science, 44325, USA
| | - Neil Bernard
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer Science, 44325, USA
| | - Clinton G Wiener
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer Engineering, 44325, USA
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer Engineering, 44325, USA
| | - Matthew L Becker
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer Science, 44325, USA
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24
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Ding I, Walz JA, Mace CR, Peterson AM. Early hMSC morphology and proliferation on model polyelectrolyte multilayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 178:276-284. [PMID: 30878802 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are a category of materials commonly used as coatings on surfaces that interact with cells. The properties of PEMs have been established to be controlled by not only polyelectrolyte choice, but by the identity of the initially applied (bottom) layer. In this work, 5-bilayer PEMs consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were coated on gold-sputtered quartz substrates with different first layer materials. A final poly-l-lysine (PLL) layer was added to all PEMs to provide identical top layers conducive to cell growth. As in previous work, initial layer selection affected PEM roughness. All coated surfaces, including the PLL-only control, showed increased dispersive surface energy but decreased polar surface energy, as compared to uncoated surfaces. When human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these surfaces, analysis through lateral cell imaging for the first 90 min and fluorescent staining after 1 day showed improved attachment on surfaces with a PDADMAC bottom layer. However, after 4 days, a higher cell density was observed on the PLL-only and uncoated control surfaces, indicating that the PEMs negatively affected hMSC proliferation. Both the long and short time period results did not correlate to any of the roughness and surface energy trends, indicating more complex interactions between the cells and the surface relating to charge distribution and functional group density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ding
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA, 01854, United States
| | - Jenna A Walz
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, United States
| | - Charles R Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, United States
| | - Amy M Peterson
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA, 01854, United States.
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25
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Lee JM, Kim HY, Park JS, Lee DJ, Zhang S, Green DW, Okano T, Hong JH, Jung HS. Developing palatal bone using human mesenchymal stem cell and stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth cell sheets. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:319-327. [PMID: 30644640 DOI: 10.1002/term.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cleft palate is one of the most common craniofacial defects in newborn babies. The characteristics of this genetic disease produce soft and hard tissue defects on the lip and maxilla, which cause not only aesthetic but also functional problems with speech, eating, and breathing. Bone grafts using autologous cancellous bone have been a standard treatment to repair the hard tissue defect in cleft palates. However, such grafts do not fully integrate into host bone and undergo resorption. To overcome engraftment problems, it is common to engineer new tissues with a combination of multipotent cells and biomaterial frameworks. Here, we manufactured cell sheets for bone repair of cleft palates derived from two osteogenic cell sources, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Cell sheets made from hMSCs and SHEDs gave rise to in vitro calcification, which indicated the osteogenic potential of these cells. The cell sheets of hMSCs and SHEDs expressed the bone-specific osteogenic markers, osterix, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, following insertion into ex vivo-cultured embryonic palatal shelves and in ovo culture. In conclusion, we showed that osteogenic stem cell sheets have mineralization potential and might represent a new alternative to autologous bone transplantation in the reconstruction of cleft palates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sushan Zhang
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - David William Green
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Yi SW, Kim HJ, Oh HJ, Shin H, Lee JS, Park JS, Park KH. Gene expression profiling of chondrogenic differentiation by dexamethasone-conjugated polyethyleneimine with SOX trio genes in stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:341. [PMID: 30526665 PMCID: PMC6286596 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During differentiation of stem cells, it is recognized that molecular mechanisms of transcription factors manage stem cells towards the intended lineage. In this study, using microarray-based technology, gene expression profiling was examined during the process of chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). To induce chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs, the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) was coupled with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). DEX/PEI could be polyplexed with anionic plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) harboring the chondrogenesis-inducing factors SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9. These are named differentiation-inducing nanoparticles (DI-NPs). Methods A DI-NP system for inducing chondrogenic differentiation was designed and characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chondrogenic induction of hMSCs was evaluated using various tools such as reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, confocal fluorescent microscopy, and immunohistochemistry analysis. The gene expression profiling of DI-NP-treated hMSCs was performed by microarray analysis. Results The hMSCs were more efficiently transfected with pDNAs using DI-NPs than using PEI. Moreover, microarray analysis demonstrated the gene expression profiling of hMSCs transfected with DI-NPs. Chondrogenic factors including SOX9, collagen type II (COLII), Aggrecan, and cartilage oligometric matrix protein (COMP) were upregulated while osteogenic factors including collagen type I (COLI) was downregulated. Chondrogenesis-induced hMSCs were better differentiated as assessed by RT-PCR, Western blotting analyses, and immunohistochemistry. Conclusion DI-NPs are good gene delivery carriers and induce chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Additionally, comprehensive examination of the gene expression was attempted to identify specific genes related to differentiation by microarray analysis. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0998-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Won Yi
- Department of Nano-regenerative Medical Engineering, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Nano-regenerative Medical Engineering, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jyung Oh
- Department of Nano-regenerative Medical Engineering, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejun Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University 43-1, Yeokgok 2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Nano-regenerative Medical Engineering, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Department of Nano-regenerative Medical Engineering, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Nano-regenerative Medical Engineering, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Nguyen MK, Jeon O, Dang PN, Huynh CT, Varghai D, Riazi H, McMillan A, Herberg S, Alsberg E. RNA interfering molecule delivery from in situ forming biodegradable hydrogels for enhancement of bone formation in rat calvarial bone defects. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:105-114. [PMID: 29885529 PMCID: PMC6119505 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) may be an effective and valuable tool for promoting the growth of functional tissue, as short interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) can block the expression of genes that have negative effects on tissue regeneration. Our group has recently reported that the localized and sustained presentation of siRNA against noggin (siNoggin) and miRNA-20a from in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels enhanced osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, the capacity of the hydrogel system to accelerate bone formation in a rat calvarial bone defect model is presented. After 12 weeks post-implantation, the hydrogels containing encapsulated hMSCs and miRNA-20a resulted in more bone formation in the defects than the hydrogels containing hMSCs without siRNA or with negative control siRNA. This localized and sustained RNA interfering molecule delivery system may provide an excellent platform for healing bony defects and other tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Delivery of RNAi molecules may be a valuable strategy to guide cell behavior for tissue engineering applications, but to date there have been no reports of a biomaterial system capable of both encapsulation of cells and controlled delivery of incorporated RNA. Here, we present PEG hydrogels that form in situ via Michael type reaction, and that permit encapsulation of hMSCs and the concomitant controlled delivery of siNoggin and/or miRNA-20a. These RNAs were chosen to suppress noggin, a BMP-2 antagonist, and/or PPAR-γ, a negative regulator of BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis, and therefore promote osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and subsequent bone repair in critical-sized rat calvarial defects. Simultaneous delivery of hMSCs and miRNA-20a enhanced repair of these defects compared to hydrogels containing hMSCs without siRNA or with negative control siRNA. This in situ forming PEG hydrogel system offers an exciting platform for healing critical-sized bone defects by localized, controlled delivery of RNAi molecules to encapsulated hMSCs and surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh K Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Phuong N Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Cong T Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Davood Varghai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Hooman Riazi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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28
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Rhee YH, Moon JH, Mo JH, Pham T, Chung PS. mTOR and ROS regulation by anethole on adipogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:12. [PMID: 29980168 PMCID: PMC6035441 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is dependent on mitochondrial metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to initiate adipocyte differentiation. Although anethole has been known as an anti-oxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, there is little investigated about its role in adipogenic differentiation. Methods The effects on cytotoxicity and proliferation of anethole in hMSCs were measured by the MTT assay. The anti-adipogenic effect of anethole on hMSCs was analyzed by Oil Red O staining and western blot analysis. The anti-oxidant activity of anethole on hMSC was assessed by flowcytometry and fluorescence staining using 2',7' –dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA). The western blotting was used to detect of phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, PPARγ, and phsopho-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Results Anethole suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs through down-regulation of Akt-mTOR-p70S6K-PPARγ and up-regulation of AMPK. Anethole affected oxidative conditions through ROS generation. Anethole also rescued AMPK activity and reduced activation of mTOR-p70S6K-PPARγ under oxidative conditions in presence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion ROS and mTOR regulation is a crucial factor in adipogenic differentiation, anethole has an important role in regulating activities of mTOR/PPARγ and ROS control in adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-018-0163-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Rhee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Moon
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiffany Pham
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Huang X, Zhong L, Hendriks J, Post JN, Karperien M. The Effects of the WNT-Signaling Modulators BIO and PKF118-310 on the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020561. [PMID: 29438298 PMCID: PMC5855783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, mainly from bone marrow, and an ideal source of cells in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. A study of the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is of particular interest for MSCs-based cartilage regeneration. In this study, we aimed to optimize the conditions for the chrondogenic differentiation of MSCs by regulating WNT signaling using the small molecule WNT inhibitor PKF118-310 and activator BIO. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were isolated from bone marrow aspirates and cultured in hMSCs proliferation medium. Pellet culture was subsequently established for three-dimensional chondrogenic differentiation of 5 weeks. WNT signaling was increased by the small molecule glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxim (BIO) and decreased by the WNT inhibitor PKF118-310 (PKF). The effects of BIO and PKF on the chondrogenesis of hMSCs was examined by real-time PCR, histological methods, and ELISA. We found that activation of canonical WNT-signaling by BIO significantly downregulated the expression of cartilage-specific genes SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN, and matrix metalloproteinase genes MMP1/3/9/13, but increased ADAMTS 4/5. Inhibition of WNT signaling by PKF increased the expression of SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN, and MMP9, but decreased MMP13 and ADAMTS4/5. In addition, a high level of WNT signaling induced the expression of hypertrophic markers COL10A1, ALPL, and RUNX2, the dedifferentiation marker COL1A1, and glycolysis genes GULT1 and PGK1. Deposition of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II in the pellet matrix was significantly lost in the BIO-treated group and increased in the PKF-treated group. The protein level of COL10A1 was also highly induced in the BIO group. Interestingly, BIO decreased the number of apoptotic cells while PKF significantly induced apoptosis during chondrogenesis. The natural WNT antagonist DKK1 and the protein level of MMP1 in the pellet culture medium were decreased after PKF treatment. All of these chondrogenic effects appeared to be mediated through the canonical WNT signaling pathway, since the target gene Axin2 and other WNT members, such as TCF4 and β-catenin, were upregulated by BIO and downregulated by PKF, respectively, and BIO induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin while PKF inhibited β-catenin translocation into the nucleus. We concluded that addition of BIO to a chondrogenic medium of hMSCs resulted in a loss of cartilage formation, while PKF induced chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage matrix deposition and inhibited hypertrophic differentiation. However, BIO promoted cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis while PKF induced cell apoptosis. This result indicates that either an overexpression or overinhibition of WNT signaling to some extent causes harmful effects on chondrogenic differentiation. Cartilage tissue engineering could benefit from the adjustment of the critical level of WNT signaling during chondrogenesis of hMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Huang
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Hendriks
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine N Post
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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30
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Navarro-Requena C, Weaver JD, Clark AY, Clift DA, Pérez-Amodio S, Castaño Ó, Zhou DW, García AJ, Engel E. PEG hydrogel containing calcium-releasing particles and mesenchymal stromal cells promote vessel maturation. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:53-65. [PMID: 29246650 PMCID: PMC6534820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) for treating diseased tissues with poor vascularization has received significant attention, but low cell survival has hampered its translation to the clinic. Bioglasses and glass-ceramics have also been suggested as therapeutic agents for stimulating angiogenesis in soft tissues, but these effects need further evaluation in vivo. In this study, calcium-releasing particles and hMSC were combined within a hydrogel to examine their vasculogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. The particles provided sustained calcium release and showed proangiogenic stimulation in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The number of hMSC encapsulated in a degradable RGD-functionalized PEG hydrogel containing particles remained constant over time and IGF-1 release was increased. When implanted in the epidydimal fat pad of immunocompromised mice, this composite material improved cell survival and stimulated vessel formation and maturation. Thus, the combination of hMSC and calcium-releasing glass-ceramics represents a new strategy to achieve vessel stabilization, a key factor in the revascularization of ischemic tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Increasing blood vessel formation in diseased tissues with poor vascularization is a current clinical challenge. Cell therapy using human mesenchymal stem cells has received considerable interest, but low cell survival has hampered its translation to the clinic. Bioglasses and glass-ceramics have been explored as therapeutic agents for stimulating angiogenesis in soft tissues, but these effects need further evaluation in vivo. By incorporating both human mesenchymal stem cells and glass-ceramic particles in an implantable hydrogel, this study provides insights into the vasculogenic potential in soft tissues of the combined strategies. Enhancement of vessel formation and maturation supports further investigation of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Navarro-Requena
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Amy Y Clark
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Douglas A Clift
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Óscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Dennis W Zhou
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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Brum AM, van de Peppel J, Nguyen L, Aliev A, Schreuders-Koedam M, Gajadien T, van der Leije CS, van Kerkwijk A, Eijken M, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ. Using the Connectivity Map to discover compounds influencing human osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4895-4906. [PMID: 29194609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass leading to increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility. Identification of factors influencing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation is very important. Previously, we identified parbendazole to be a novel compound that stimulates osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), using gene expression profiling and bioinformatic analyzes, including the Connectivity Map (CMap), as an in-silico approach. The aim for this paper is to identify additional compounds affecting osteoblast differentiation using the CMap. Gene expression profiling was performed on hMSCs differentiated to osteoblasts using Illumina microarrays. Our osteoblast gene signature, the top regulated genes 6 hr after induction by dexamethasone, was uploaded into CMap (www.broadinstitute.org/cmap/). Through this approach we identified compounds with gene signatures positively correlating (withaferin-A, calcium folinate, amylocaine) or negatively correlating (salbutamol, metaraminol, diprophylline) to our osteoblast gene signature. All positively correlating compounds stimulated osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by increased mineralization compared to control treated cells. One of three negatively correlating compounds, salbutamol, inhibited dexamethasone-induced osteoblastic differentiation, while the other two had no effect. Based on gene expression data of withaferin-A and salbutamol, we identified HMOX1 and STC1 as being strongly differentially expressed . shRNA knockdown of HMOX1 or STC1 in hMSCs inhibited osteoblast differentiation. These results confirm that the CMap is a powerful approach to identify positively compounds that stimulate osteogenesis of hMSCs, and through this approach we can identify genes that play an important role in osteoblast differentiation and could be targets for novel bone anabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Brum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abidin Aliev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tarini Gajadien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - B C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Papa A, Guarino V, Cirillo V, Oliviero O, Ambrosio L. Optimization of Bicomponent Electrospun Fibers for Therapeutic Use: Post-Treatments to Improve Chemical and Biological Stability. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8040047. [PMID: 29035303 PMCID: PMC5748554 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicomponent electrospun nanofibers based on the combination of synthetic (i.e., aliphatic polyesters such as polycaprolactone (PCL)) and natural proteins (i.e., gelatin) have been extensively investigated as temporary platforms to instruct cells by the release of molecular/pharmaceutical signals for the regeneration of several tissues. Here, water soluble proteins (i.e., gelatin), strictly embedded to PCL, act as carriers of bioactive molecules, thus improving bioavailability and supporting cell activities during in vitro regeneration. However, these proteins are rapidly digested by enzymes, locally produced by many different cell types, both in vitro and in vivo, with significant drawbacks in the control of molecular release. Hence, we have investigated three post-processing strategies based on the use of different crosslinking agents-(1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride) (EDC), glyceraldehyde (GC), and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE)-to delay the dissolution time of gelatin macromolecules from bicomponent fibers. All of the qualitative (i.e., SEM, TGA) and quantitative (i.e., Trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assays) morphological/chemical analyses as well as biocompatibility assays indicate that EDC crosslinking improves the chemical stability of bicomponent fibers at 37 °C and provides a more efficient encapsulation and controlled sustained release of drug, thus resulting in the best post-treatment to design bio-inspired fibrous platforms for the extended in vitro release of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Papa
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
- IMAST Scarl, P.za Bovio 22, 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Cirillo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Oliviero
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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Canal C, Fontelo R, Hamouda I, Guillem-Marti J, Cvelbar U, Ginebra MP. Plasma-induced selectivity in bone cancer cells death. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:72-80. [PMID: 28571751 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapies for bone cancers - either primary or metastatic - are difficult to implement and unfortunately not completely effective. An alternative therapy could be found in cold plasmas generated at atmospheric pressure which have already demonstrated selective anti-tumor action in a number of carcinomas and in more relatively rare brain tumors. However, its effects on bone cancer are still unknown. METHODS Herein, we employed an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) to validate its selectivity towards osteosarcoma cell line vs. osteoblasts & human mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS Cytotoxicity following direct interaction of APPJ with cells is comparable to indirect interaction when only liquid medium is treated and subsequently added to the cells, especially on the long-term (72h of cell culture). Moreover, following contact of the APPJ treated medium with cells, delayed effects are observed which lead to 100% bone cancer cell death through apoptosis (decreased cell viability with incubation time in contact with APPJ treated medium from 24h to 72h), while healthy cells remain fully viable and unaffected by the treatment. CONCLUSIONS The high efficiency of the indirect treatment indicates that an important role is played by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the gaseous plasma stage and then transmitted to the liquid phase, which overall lead to lethal and selective action towards osteosarcoma cells. These findings open new pathways for treatment of metastatic bone disease with a minimally invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), c. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raul Fontelo
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), c. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Hamouda
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), c. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Guillem-Marti
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), c. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Uros Cvelbar
- Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics (F-4), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), c. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, c/ Baldiri i Reixach 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ballester-Beltrán J, Trujillo S, Alakpa EV, Compañ V, Gavara R, Meek D, West CC, Péault B, Dalby MJ, Salmerón-Sánchez M. Confined Sandwichlike Microenvironments Tune Myogenic Differentiation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1710-1718. [PMID: 28824958 PMCID: PMC5558191 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sandwichlike (SW) cultures are engineered as a multilayer technology to simultaneously stimulate dorsal and ventral cell receptors, seeking to mimic cell adhesion in three-dimensional (3D) environments in a reductionist manner. The effect of this environment on cell differentiation was investigated for several cell types cultured in standard growth media, which promotes proliferation on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces and avoids any preferential differentiation. First, murine C2C12 myoblasts showed specific myogenic differentiation. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) of adipose and bone marrow origin, which can differentiate toward a wider variety of lineages, showed again myodifferentiation. Overall, this study shows myogenic differentiation in normal growth media for several cell types under SW conditions, avoiding the use of growth factors and cytokines, i.e., solely by culturing cells within the SW environment. Mechanistically, it provides further insights into the balance between integrin adhesion to the dorsal substrate and the confinement imposed by the SW system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ballester-Beltrán
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow. Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Trujillo
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow. Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Enateri V. Alakpa
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow. Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Departamento de
Termodinámica Aplicada, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Rafael Gavara
- Instituto
de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Departamento de Investigación: Conservación y Calidad
de Alimentos,Calle Agustín
Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Dominic Meek
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow. Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher C. West
- Centre for
Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh. 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Bruno Péault
- Centre for
Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh. 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow. Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow. Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
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Park JS, Yi SW, Kim HJ, Kim SM, Kim JH, Park KH. Construction of PLGA Nanoparticles Coated with Polycistronic SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 Genes for Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:1361-1372. [PMID: 28005327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transfection of a cocktail of genes into cells has recently attracted attraction in stem cell differentiation. However, it is not easy to control the transfection rate of each gene. To control and regulate gene delivery into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), we employed multicistronic genes coupled with a nonviral gene carrier system for stem cell differentiation. Three genes, SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9, were successfully fabricated in a single plasmid. This multicistronic plasmid was complexed with the polycationic polymer polyethylenimine, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were coated with this complex. The uptake of PLGA nanoparticles complexed with the multicistronic plasmid was tested first. Thereafter, transfection of SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 was evaluated, which increased the potential for chondrogenesis of hMSCs. The expression of specific genes triggered by transfection of SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 was tested by RT-PCR and real-time qPCR. Furthermore, specific proteins related to chondrocytes were investigated by a glycosaminoglycan/DNA assay, Western blotting, histological analyses, and immunofluorescence staining. These methods demonstrated that chondrogenesis of hMSCs treated with PLGA nanoparticles carrying this multicistronic genes was better than that of hMSCs treated with other carriers. Furthermore, the multicistronic genes complexed with PLGA nanoparticles were more simple than that of each single gene complexation with PLGA nanoparticles. Multicistronic genes showed more chondrogenic differentiation than each single gene transfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 134-88, Korea
| | - Se Won Yi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 134-88, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 134-88, Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 134-88, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 134-88, Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F, CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 134-88, Korea
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Taskin MB, Xu R, Gregersen H, Nygaard JV, Besenbacher F, Chen M. Three-Dimensional Polydopamine Functionalized Coiled Microfibrous Scaffolds Enhance Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Colonization and Mild Myofibroblastic Differentiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:15864-15873. [PMID: 27265317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning has been widely applied for tissue engineering due to its versatility of fabricating extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking fibrillar scaffolds. Yet there are still challenges such as that these two-dimensional (2D) tightly packed, hydrophobic fibers often hinder cell infiltration and cell-scaffold integration. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) was electrospun into a grounded coagulation bath collector, resulting in 3D coiled microfibers with in situ surface functionalization with hydrophilic, catecholic polydopamine (pDA). The 3D scaffolds showed biocompatibility and were well-integrated with human bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), with significantly higher cell penetration depth compared to that of the 2D PCL microfibers from traditional electrospinning. Further differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into fibroblast phenotype in vitro indicates that, compared to the stiff, tightly packed, 2D scaffolds which aggravated myofibroblasts related activities, such as upregulated gene and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), 3D scaffolds induced milder myofibroblastic differentiation. The flexible 3D fibers further allowed contraction with the well-integrated, mechanically active myofibroblasts, monitored under live-cell imaging, whereas the stiff 2D scaffolds restricted that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Berat Taskin
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ruodan Xu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hans Gregersen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Vinge Nygaard
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Menglin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Upadhyay R, Naskar S, Bhaskar N, Bose S, Basu B. Modulation of Protein Adsorption and Cell Proliferation on Polyethylene Immobilized Graphene Oxide Reinforced HDPE Bionanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:11954-11968. [PMID: 27108739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix, together with an enhancement of interfacial adhesion is indispensable toward achieving better mechanical properties in the nanocomposites. In the context to biomedical applications, the type and amount of nanoparticles can potentially influence the biocompatibility. To address these issues, we prepared high-density polyethylene (HDPE) based composites reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) by melt mixing followed by compression molding. In an attempt to tailor the dispersion and to improve the interfacial adhesion, we immobilized polyethylene (PE) onto GO sheets by nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction. A good combination of yield strength (ca. 20 MPa), elastic modulus (ca. 600 MPa), and an outstanding elongation at failure (ca. 70%) were recorded with 3 wt % polyethylene grafted graphene oxide (PE-g-GO) reinforced HDPE composites. Considering the relevance of protein adsorption as a biophysical precursor to cell adhesion, the protein adsorption isotherms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were determined to realize three times higher equilibrium constant (Keq) for PE-g-GO-reinforced HDPE composites as compared to GO-reinforced composites. To assess the cytocompatibility, we grew osteoblast cell line (MC3T3) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on HDPE/GO and HDPE/PE-g-GO composites, in vitro. The statistically significant increase in metabolically active cell over different time periods in culture for up to 6 days in MC3T3 and 7 days for hMSCs was observed, irrespective of the substrate composition. Such observation indicated that HDPE with GO or PE-g-GO addition (up to 3 wt %) can be used as cell growth substrate. The extensive proliferation of cells with oriented growth pattern also supported the fact that tailored GO addition can support cellular functionality in vitro. Taken together, the experimental results suggest that the PE-g-GO in HDPE can effectively be utilized to enhance both mechanical and cytocompatibility properties and can further be explored for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhyay
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science ,Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sharmistha Naskar
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nitu Bhaskar
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science ,Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science ,Bangalore 560012, India
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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Singh SS, Roy A, Lee B, Banerjee I, Kumta PN. Synthesis, characterization, and in-vitro cytocompatibility of amorphous β-tri-calcium magnesium phosphate ceramics. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 67:636-645. [PMID: 27287163 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic mixtures of crystalline β-tricalcium magnesium phosphate (β-TCMP) and an amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate have been synthesized and reported to support enhanced hMSC differentiation in comparison to β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) due to the release of increased amounts of bioactive ions. In the current study, completely amorphous β-TCMP has been synthesized which is capable of releasing increased amounts of Mg(2+) and PO4(3-) ions, rather than a biphasic mixture as earlier reported. The amorphous phase formed was observed to crystallize between temperatures of 400-600°C. The scaffolds prepared with amorphous β-TCMP were capable of supporting enhanced hMSC proliferation and differentiation in comparison to commercially available β-TCP. However, a similar gene expression of mature osteoblast markers, OCN and COL-1, in comparison to biphasic β-TCMP was observed. To further study the role of Mg(2+) and PO4(3-) ions in regulating hMSC osteogenic differentiation, the capability of hMSCs to mineralize in growth media supplemented with Mg(2+) and PO4(3-) ions was studied. Interestingly, 5mM PO4(3-) supported mineralization while the addition of 5mM Mg(2+) to 5mM PO4(3-) inhibited mineralization. It was therefore concluded that the release of Ca(2+) ions from β-TCMP scaffolds also plays a role in regulating osteogenic differentiation on these scaffolds and it is noted that further work is required to more accurately determine the exact role of Mg(2+) in regulating hMSC osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish S Singh
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Abhijit Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Boeun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Prashant N Kumta
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Vehlow D, Schmidt R, Gebert A, Siebert M, Lips KS, Müller M. Polyelectrolyte Complex Based Interfacial Drug Delivery System with Controlled Loading and Improved Release Performance for Bone Therapeutics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2016; 6:E53. [PMID: 28344311 DOI: 10.3390/nano6030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An improved interfacial drug delivery system (DDS) based on polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) coatings with controlled drug loading and improved release performance was elaborated. The cationic homopolypeptide poly(l-lysine) (PLL) was complexed with a mixture of two cellulose sulfates (CS) of low and high degree of substitution, so that the CS and PLL solution have around equal molar charged units. As drugs the antibiotic rifampicin (RIF) and the bisphosphonate risedronate (RIS) were integrated. As an important advantage over previous PEC systems this one can be centrifuged, the supernatant discarded, the dense pellet phase (coacervate) separated, and again redispersed in fresh water phase. This behavior has three benefits: (i) Access to the loading capacity of the drug, since the concentration of the free drug can be measured by spectroscopy; (ii) lower initial burst and higher residual amount of drug due to removal of unbound drug and (iii) complete adhesive stability due to the removal of polyelectrolytes (PEL) excess component. It was found that the pH value and ionic strength strongly affected drug content and release of RIS and RIF. At the clinically relevant implant material (Ti40Nb) similar PEC adhesive and drug release properties compared to the model substrate were found. Unloaded PEC coatings at Ti40Nb showed a similar number and morphology of above cultivated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) compared to uncoated Ti40Nb and resulted in considerable production of bone mineral. RIS loaded PEC coatings showed similar effects after 24 h but resulted in reduced number and unhealthy appearance of hMSC after 48 h due to cell toxicity of RIS.
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Rhee YH, Ahn JC. Melatonin attenuated adipogenesis through reduction of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta by regulating the glycogen synthase 3 beta in human mesenchymal stem cells. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:145-55. [PMID: 26797706 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation is characterized by an increase in two major transcription factors: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). These two signals are influenced by C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ and cross-regulate each other's expression during the initial stages of adipogenesis. Melatonin has been known to act as not only a direct scavenger of free radicals but also an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). Here, we report that melatonin inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) which is due to the regulations of C/EBPβ in the early stage of adipogenic differentiation. Melatonin reduced the lipid accumulation, adiponectin, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) during the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Since C/EBPβ has been associated with the activation of PPARγ and the consensus site of ERK/GSK-3β, PPARγ and β-catenin were detected by immunofluorescence staining after pretreatment of melatonin. Melatonin blocked the activation of PPARγ which induced the degradation of β-catenin. Melatonin also decreased the levels of cyclic adenosine-3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cAMP triggered the activity of C/EBPβ which is a critical inducer of PPARγ and C/EBPα activation in the early stage of adipogenic differentiation, and this is further affected by ROS production. The adipogenic marker proteins such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and pERK were also decreased by melatonin. In summary, melatonin inhibited the cAMP synthesis through ROS reduction and the phosphorylation of the ERK/GSK-3β site which is known to be responsible for C/EBPβ activation for adipogenic differentiation in hMSCs.
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Mahl C, Egea V, Megens RTA, Pitsch T, Santovito D, Weber C, Ries C. RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) regulates migration, differentiation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 73:1489-501. [PMID: 26459448 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-anchored glycoprotein RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) inhibits expression and activity of certain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby suppressing tumor cell metastasis. However, RECK's role in physiological cell function is largely unknown. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are able to differentiate into various cell types and represent promising tools in multiple clinical applications including the regeneration of injured tissues by endogenous or transplanted hMSCs. RNA interference of RECK in hMSCs revealed that endogenous RECK suppresses the transcription and biosynthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 but does not influence the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, membrane type (MT)1-MMP and TIMP-1 in these cells. Knockdown of RECK in hMSCs promoted monolayer regeneration and chemotactic migration of hMSCs, as demonstrated by scratch wound and chemotaxis assay analyses. Moreover, expression of endogenous RECK was upregulated upon osteogenic differentiation and diminished after adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. RECK depletion in hMSCs reduced their capacity to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage whereas adipogenesis was increased, demonstrating that RECK functions as a master switch between both pathways. Furthermore, knockdown of RECK in hMSCs attenuated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as indicated by reduced stability and impaired transcriptional activity of β-catenin. The latter was determined by analysis of the β-catenin target genes Dickkopf1 (DKK1), axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and a luciferase-based β-catenin-activated reporter (BAR) assay. Our findings demonstrate that RECK is a regulator of hMSC functions suggesting that modulation of RECK may improve the development of hMSC-based therapeutical approaches in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mahl
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Virginia Egea
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Pitsch
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Ries
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Courtot AM, Magniez A, Oudrhiri N, Féraud O, Bacci J, Gobbo E, Proust S, Turhan AG, Bennaceur-Griscelli A. Morphological analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cells during induced differentiation and reverse programming. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:206-16. [PMID: 25371857 PMCID: PMC4215385 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine analysis of cell components during the generation of pluripotent cells and their comparison to bone fide human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are valuable tools to understand their biological behavior. In this report, human mesenchymal cells (hMSCs) generated from the human ES cell line H9, were reprogrammed back to induced pluripotent state using Oct-4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28 transgenes. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) were analyzed using electron microscopy and compared with regard to the original hESCs and the hMSCs from which they were derived. This analysis shows that hIPSCs and the original hESCs are morphologically undistinguishable but differ from the hMSCs with respect to the presence of several morphological features of undifferentiated cells at both the cytoplasmic (ribosomes, lipid droplets, glycogen, scarce reticulum) and nuclear levels (features of nuclear plasticity, presence of euchromatin, reticulated nucleoli). We show that hIPSC colonies generated this way presented epithelial aspects with specialized junctions highlighting morphological criteria of the mesenchymal–epithelial transition in cells engaged in a successful reprogramming process. Electron microscopic analysis revealed also specific morphological aspects of partially reprogrammed cells. These results highlight the valuable use of electron microscopy for a better knowledge of the morphological aspects of IPSC and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Courtot
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France . ; Université Paris Sud , Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Aurélie Magniez
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France
| | - Noufissa Oudrhiri
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France . ; Service d'Hématologie Biologique APHP, Hôpital Paul Brousse , GHU Paris Sud Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Féraud
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France
| | - Josette Bacci
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Bicêtre APHP , Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Emilie Gobbo
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Proust
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Bicêtre APHP , Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ali G Turhan
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France . ; Université Paris Sud , Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France . ; Service d'Hématologie Biologique APHP, Hôpital Bicêtre , GHU Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France . ; Université Paris Sud , Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France . ; Service d'Hématologie Biologique APHP, Hôpital Paul Brousse , GHU Paris Sud Villejuif, France
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Ren L, Kang Y, Browne C, Bishop J, Yang Y. Fabrication, vascularization and osteogenic properties of a novel synthetic biomimetic induced membrane for the treatment of large bone defects. Bone 2014; 64:173-182. [PMID: 24747351 PMCID: PMC4180017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The induced membrane has been widely used in the treatment of large bone defects but continues to be limited by a relatively lengthy healing process and a requisite two stage surgical procedure. Here we report the development and characterization of a synthetic biomimetic induced membrane (BIM) consisting of an inner highly pre-vascularized cell sheet and an outer osteogenic layer using cell sheet engineering. The pre-vascularized inner layer was formed by seeding human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on a cell sheet comprised of a layer of undifferentiated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The outer osteogenic layer was formed by inducing osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. In vitro results indicated that the undifferentiated hMSC cell sheet facilitated the alignment of HUVECs and significantly promoted the formation of vascular-like networks. Furthermore, seeded HUVECs rearranged the extracellular matrix produced by hMSC sheet. After subcutaneous implantation, the composite constructs showed rapid vascularization and anastomosis with the host vascular system, forming functional blood vessels in vivo. Osteogenic potential of the BIM was evidenced by immunohistochemistry staining of osteocalcin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and alizarin red staining. In summary, the synthetic BIM showed rapid vascularization, significant anastomoses, and osteogenic potential in vivo. This synthetic BIM has the potential for treatment of large bone defects in the absence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305,USA
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yunqing Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305,USA
| | - Christopher Browne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305,USA
| | - Julius Bishop
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305,USA
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305,USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305,USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive Edwards R155 Stanford, CA 94305 Tel: 650-723-0772 Fax: 650-724-5401
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Sakar M, Korkusuz P, Demirbilek M, Cetinkaya DU, Arslan S, Denkbaş EB, Temuçin ÇM, Bilgiç E, Hazer DB, Bozkurt G. The effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cell ( hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental sciatic nerve damage. Int J Neurosci 2014; 124:685-96. [PMID: 24350993 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.876636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to evaluate the treatment effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental rat sciatic nerve damage, and compare the results of this modality with autologous nerve grafting. In Spraque-Dawley albino rats, 10-mm-long experimental nerve gaps were created. Three groups were constituted, the gap was repaired with autologous nerve graft (autograft group), PHBHHx nerve graft alone (PHBHHx alone group), and PHBHHx nerve graft with hMSCs inside (PHBHHx with hMSC group), respectively. The results were evaluated with functional recovery, electrophysiological evaluation, and histological evaluation either with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for axonal regeneration and myelin formation. In functional evaluation, autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups showed functional improvement with time, whereas PHBHHx alone group did not. Electrophysiological evaluation showed better results in autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups when compared to PHBHHx alone group. There was no statistical difference between autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups. Histological evaluation showed regenerated axons in each group. Autograft group was better than the others, and PHBHHx with hMSC group was better than PHBHHx alone group both for axonal regeneration and myelin formation. This study showed that the nerve grafts which were prepared from PHBHHx with oriented nanofiber three-dimensional surfaces aided to nerve regeneration, either used alone or with hMSC. PHBHHx provided better nerve regeneration when used with hMSCs inside than alone, and reached the same statistical treatment effect in functional evaluation and electrophysiological evaluation when compared to autografting.
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Park JS, Yang HN, Woo DG, Jeon SY, Park KH. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) nanogels for tracing and delivering genes to human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8819-34. [PMID: 23937912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drugs, proteins, and cells can be macro- and micro-encapsulated by unique materials that respond to specific stimuli. The phases and hydrophobic interactions of these materials are reversibly altered by environmental stimuli such as pH and temperature. These changes can lead to self-assembly of the materials, which enables controlled drug release and safe gene delivery into cells and tissues. The fate of stem cells delivered by such methods is of great interest. The formation of transgenic tissues requires genes to be delivered safely into stem cells. A cell tracing vehicle and a gene delivery carrier were simultaneously introduced into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). A thermo-sensitive hydrogel, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (p(NiPAAm-co-AAc)), was created to generate self-assembled nanoparticles with nanogel characteristics. Hydrophobic interactions mediated the binding of the carboxyl group on the outside of p(NiPAAm-co-AAc) with the amine group of iron oxide. Nanogels carrying iron oxide and a fluorescent dye were complexed with specific genes. These nanogels could be internalized by hMSCs, and the transplantation of these cells into mice was monitored by in vivo imaging. Self-assembled p(NiPAAm-co-dAAc) nanogels complexed with green fluorescent protein were highly expressed in hMSCs and are a potential material for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 3F, Yatap Acecore, 502 Yatap-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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Leight JL, Alge DL, Maier AJ, Anseth KS. Direct measurement of matrix metalloproteinase activity in 3D cellular microenvironments using a fluorogenic peptide substrate. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7344-52. [PMID: 23830581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of degradable moieties into synthetic hydrogels has greatly increased the utility of these three-dimensional matrices for in vitro cell culture as well as tissue engineering applications. A common method for introducing degradability is the inclusion of oligopeptides sensitive to cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enabling cell-mediated remodeling and migration within the material. While this strategy has been effective, characterization and measurement of cell-mediated degradation in these materials has remained challenging. There are 20+ MMP family members whose activity is regulated in space and time by a number of biochemical and biophysical cues. Thus, the typical approach of characterizing cleavage of degradable moieties in solution with recombinant enzymes does not easily translate to three-dimensional cell-mediated matrix remodeling. To address this challenge, we report here the synthesis of a cell-laden hydrogel matrix functionalized with a fluorogenic peptide substrate to provide real-time, quantitative monitoring of global MMP activity. Using this system, stimulation of MMP activity was observed with growth factor treatment in mammary epithelial cells and compared to classical zymography results. Further, the effect of biophysical cues on MMP activity of human mesenchymal stem cells was also investigated where more rigid hydrogels were observed to increase MMP activity. The regulation of MMP activity by these biochemical and biophysical cues highlights the need for in situ, real-time measurement of hydrogel degradation, and use of these functionalized hydrogels will aid in future rational design of degradable synthetic hydrogels for in vitro cell studies and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Leight
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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