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Bagheri M, Mohamed GA, Mohamed Saleem MA, Ognjenovic NB, Lu H, Kolling FW, Wilkins OM, Das S, LaCroix IS, Nagaraj SH, Muller KE, Gerber SA, Miller TW, Pattabiraman DR. Pharmacological induction of chromatin remodeling drives chemosensitization in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101504. [PMID: 38593809 PMCID: PMC11031425 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Targeted therapies have improved outcomes for certain cancer subtypes, but cytotoxic chemotherapy remains a mainstay for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program co-opted by cancer cells that promotes metastasis and chemoresistance. There are no therapeutic strategies specifically targeting mesenchymal-like cancer cells. We report that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved chemotherapeutic eribulin induces ZEB1-SWI/SNF-directed chromatin remodeling to reverse EMT that curtails the metastatic propensity of TNBC preclinical models. Eribulin induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in primary TNBC in patients, but conventional chemotherapy does not. In the treatment-naive setting, but not after acquired resistance to other agents, eribulin sensitizes TNBC cells to subsequent treatment with other chemotherapeutics. These findings provide an epigenetic mechanism of action of eribulin, supporting its use early in the disease process for MET induction to prevent metastatic progression and chemoresistance. These findings warrant prospective clinical evaluation of the chemosensitizing effects of eribulin in the treatment-naive setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Bagheri
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Gadisti Aisha Mohamed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Nevena B Ognjenovic
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Hanxu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Fred W Kolling
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Owen M Wilkins
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Ian S LaCroix
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kristen E Muller
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Todd W Miller
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Diwakar R Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Stewart BJ, Clatworthy MR, Williams JM, Röper K. Identification of a core transcriptional program driving the human renal mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Dev Cell 2024; 59:595-612.e8. [PMID: 38340720 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
During kidney development, nephron epithelia arise de novo from fate-committed mesenchymal progenitors through a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Downstream of fate specification, transcriptional mechanisms that drive establishment of epithelial morphology are poorly understood. We used human iPSC-derived renal organoids, which recapitulate nephrogenesis, to investigate mechanisms controlling renal MET. Multi-ome profiling via snRNA-seq and ATAC-seq of organoids identified dynamic changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility driven by activators and repressors throughout MET. CRISPR interference identified that paired box 8 (PAX8) is essential for initiation of MET in human renal organoids, contrary to in vivo mouse studies, likely by activating a cell-adhesion program. While Wnt/β-catenin signaling specifies nephron fate, we find that it must be attenuated to allow hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1B) and TEA-domain (TEAD) transcription factors to drive completion of MET. These results identify the interplay between fate commitment and morphogenesis in the developing human kidney, with implications for understanding both developmental kidney diseases and aberrant epithelial plasticity following adult renal tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie M Williams
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katja Röper
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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3
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Van Stiphout CM, Kelly G, Pallegar NK, Elbakry E, Vilchis-Celis AV, Christian SL, Viloria-Petit AM. Identification of lysyl oxidase as an adipocyte-secreted mediator that promotes a partial mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in MDA-MB-231 cells. Explor Target Antitumor Ther 2024; 5:1-19. [PMID: 38468823 PMCID: PMC10927314 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide, where adiposity has been linked to BC morbidity. In general, obese premenopausal women diagnosed with triple-negative BC (TNBC) tend to have larger tumours with more metastases, particularly to the bone marrow, and worse prognosis. Previous work using a 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture system consisting of TNBC cells, adipocytes and the laminin-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) trademarked as Matrigel, demonstrated that adipocytes and adipocyte-derived conditioned media (CM) caused a partial mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Given that MET has been associated with secondary tumour formation, this study sought to identify molecular mediators responsible for this phenotypic change. Methods Adipocytes were cultured with and without Matrigel, where semi-quantitative proteomics was used to identify proteins whose presence in the CM was induced or enhanced by Matrigel, which were referred to as adipocyte-secreted ECM-induced proteins (AEPs). The AEPs identified were assessed for association with prognosis in published proteomic datasets and prior literature. Of these, 4 were evaluated by the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), followed by a functional and MET marker analysis of 1 AEP on MDA-MB-231 cells grown on Matrigel or as monolayers. Results The 4 AEPs showed a positive correlation between protein expression and poor prognosis. RT-qPCR analysis reported no significant change in AEPs mRNA expression. However, lysyl oxidase (LOX) was increased in CM of ECM-exposed adipocytes. Recombinant LOX (rLOX) caused the mesenchymal MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells to form less branched 3D structures and reduced the expression of vimentin. Conclusions The data suggest that adipocyte-secreted LOX changes the mesenchymal phenotype of BC cells in a manner that could promote secondary tumour formation, particularly at sites high in adipocytes such as the bone marrow. Future efforts should focus on determining whether targeting LOX could reduce BC metastasis in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy M. Van Stiphout
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Grant Kelly
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nikitha K. Pallegar
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Eman Elbakry
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Ana Valeria Vilchis-Celis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Morphology, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, CDMX 07738, Mexico
| | - Sherri L. Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alicia M. Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Bagheri M, Lee MK, Muller KE, Miller TW, Pattabiraman DR, Christensen BC. Alteration of DNMT1/DNMT3A by eribulin elicits global DNA methylation changes with potential therapeutic implications for triple-negative breast cancer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.09.544426. [PMID: 37333096 PMCID: PMC10274899 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease subtype with limited treatment options. Eribulin is a chemotherapeutic approved for the treatment of advanced breast cancer that has been shown to elicit epigenetic changes. We investigated the effect of eribulin treatment on genome-scale DNA methylation patterns in TNBC cells. Following repeated treatment, The results showed that eribulin-induced changes in DNA methylation patterns evident in persister cells. Eribulin also affected the binding of transcription factors to genomic ZEB1 binding sites and regulated several cellular pathways, including ERBB and VEGF signaling and cell adhesion. Eribulin also altered the expression of epigenetic modifiers including DNMT1, TET1, and DNMT3A/B in persister cells. Data from primary human TNBC tumors supported these findings: DNMT1 and DNMT3A levels were altered by eribulin treatment in human primary TNBC tumors. Our results suggest that eribulin modulates DNA methylation patterns in TNBC cells by altering the expression of epigenetic modifiers. These findings have clinical implications for using eribulin as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Bagheri
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Kristen E. Muller
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Todd W. Miller
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Diwakar R. Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
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5
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Bagheri M, Aisha Mohamed G, Mohamed Saleem MA, Ognjenovic NB, Lu H, Kolling FW, Wilkins OM, Das S, La Croix IS, Nagaraj SH, Muller KE, Gerber SA, Miller TW, Pattabiraman DR. Pharmacological Induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition chemosensitizes breast cancer cells and prevents metastatic progression. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.19.537586. [PMID: 37131809 PMCID: PMC10153261 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program co-opted by tumor cells that aids the initiation of the metastatic cascade. Tumor cells that undergo EMT are relatively chemoresistant, and there are currently no therapeutic avenues specifically targeting cells that have acquired mesenchymal traits. We show that treatment of mesenchymal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells with the microtubule-destabilizing chemotherapeutic eribulin, which is FDA-approved for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, leads to a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). This MET is accompanied by loss of metastatic propensity and sensitization to subsequent treatment with other FDA-approved chemotherapeutics. We uncover a novel epigenetic mechanism of action that supports eribulin pretreatment as a path to MET induction that curtails metastatic progression and the evolution of therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Bagheri
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Gadisti Aisha Mohamed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Nevena B. Ognjenovic
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Hanxu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Fred W. Kolling
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Owen M. Wilkins
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | | | - Ian S. La Croix
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Shivashankar H. Nagaraj
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kristen E. Muller
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Todd W. Miller
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Diwakar R. Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
- Lead contact
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6
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Gogola S, Rejzer M, Bahmad HF, Abou-Kheir W, Omarzai Y, Poppiti R. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082309. [PMID: 37190236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men worldwide, with 288,300 new cases and 34,700 deaths estimated in the United States in 2023. Treatment options for early-stage disease include external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveillance, or a combination of these. In advanced cases, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the first-line therapy; however, PCa in most patients eventually progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite ADT. Nonetheless, the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent tumors is not yet fully understood. The physiological processes of epithelial-to-non-epithelial ("mesenchymal") transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for normal embryonic development; however, they have also been linked to higher tumor grade, metastatic progression, and treatment resistance. Due to this association, EMT and MET have been identified as important targets for novel cancer therapies, including CRPC. Here, we discuss the transcriptional factors and signaling pathways involved in EMT, in addition to the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that have been identified in these processes. We also tackle the various studies that have been conducted from bench to bedside and the current landscape of EMT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gogola
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michael Rejzer
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Yumna Omarzai
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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7
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Balcik-Ercin P, Cayrefourcq L, Soundararajan R, Mani SA, Alix-Panabières C. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Circulating Tumor Cell Lines Sequentially Derived from a Patient with Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5408. [PMID: 34771571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis is a complex dynamic multistep process; however, our knowledge is still limited. Very few circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are metastatic precursor cells and represent the intermediate stage of metastasis. Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) has crucial roles in tissue development and homeostasis, and also in metastasis formation. In this study, we explored the EMP phenotype of a unique series of CTC lines, obtained from a patient with colon cancer during the disease course and treatment, by detecting markers involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal and mesenchymal–epithelial (MET) transitions. This study shows that these colon CTC lines have acquired only few mesenchymal features to migrate and intravasate, whereas an increase of MET-related markers was observed, suggesting that metastasis-competent CTCs need to revert quickly to the epithelial phenotype to reinitiate a tumor at a distant site. Abstract Metastasis is a complicated and only partially understood multi-step process of cancer progression. A subset of cancer cells that can leave the primary tumor, intravasate, and circulate to reach distant organs are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Multiple lines of evidence suggest that in metastatic cancer cells, epithelial and mesenchymal markers are co-expressed to facilitate the cells’ ability to go back and forth between cellular states. This feature is called epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). CTCs represent a unique source to understand the EMP features in metastatic cascade biology. Our group previously established and characterized nine serial CTC lines from a patient with metastatic colon cancer. Here, we assessed the expression of markers involved in epithelial–mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial (MET) transition in these unique CTC lines, to define their EMP profile. We found that the oncogenes MYC and ezrin were expressed by all CTC lines, but not SIX1, one of their common regulators (also an EMT inducer). Moreover, the MET activator GRHL2 and its putative targets were strongly expressed in all CTC lines, revealing their plasticity in favor of an increased MET state that promotes metastasis formation.
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8
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Kucukkaraduman B, Cicek EG, Akbar MW, Demirkol Canli S, Vural B, Gure AO. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is Not a Major Modulating Factor in the Cytotoxic Response to Natural Products in Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:5858. [PMID: 34641401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products exhibit antiproliferative activity against cancer cells by modulating various biological pathways. In this study, we investigated the potential use of eight natural compounds (apigenin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, forskolin, procyanidin B2, resveratrol, urolithin A) and two repurposed agents (fulvestrant and metformin) as chemotherapy enhancers and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) inducers of cancer cells. Screening of these compounds in various colon, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell lines revealed anti-cancer activity for all compounds, with curcumin being the most effective among these in all cell lines. Although some of the natural products were able to induce MET in some cancer cell lines, the MET induction was not related to increased synergy with either 5-FU, irinotecan, gemcitabine, or gefitinib. When synergy was observed, for example with curcumin and irinotecan, this was unrelated to MET induction, as assessed by changes in E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Our results show that MET induction is compound and cell line specific, and that MET is not necessarily related to enhanced chemosensitivity.
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9
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Meng X, Zhou A, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Shao K, Ning X. N-Cadherin Nanoantagonist Driven Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Fibroblasts for Improving Reprogramming Efficiency. Nano Lett 2021; 21:5540-5546. [PMID: 34161107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold promise in revolutionizing medicine; however, their application potential is limited because of low reprogramming efficiency. Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) has been proved to involve reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs, making it a promising target for enhancing generation of iPSCs. Here, we nanoengineered N-cadherin-blocking peptide ADH-1 with gold nanoparticles, generating a multivalent N-cadherin antagonist (ADH-AuNPs), for improving reprogramming efficiency through driving cell MET. ADH-AuNPs exhibited good biocompatibility and showed higher N-cadherin inhibitory activity than ADH-1 due to multivalency, thereby enhancing cell-state reprogramming toward epithelial lineages. Particularly, ADH-AuNPs improved reprogramming efficiency by more than 7-fold after introduction of four Yamanaka factors. Importantly, ADH-AuNPs generated iPSCs displayed high stemness and pluripotency in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we provide a cooperative strategy for promoting the iPSC generation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Anwei Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Huang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kaifeng Shao
- SARI Center for Stem Cell and Nanomedicine, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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10
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Bernardi Y, Strobl-Mazzulla PH. What we can learn from embryos to understand the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in tumor progression. Biochem J 2021; 478:1809-25. [PMID: 33988704 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial plasticity involved the terminal and transitional stages that occur during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), both are essential at different stages of early embryonic development that have been co-opted by cancer cells to undergo tumor metastasis. These processes are regulated at multiple instances, whereas the post-transcriptional regulation of key genes mediated by microRNAs is gaining major attention as a common and conserved pathway. In this review, we focus on discussing the latest findings of the cellular and molecular basis of the less characterized process of MET during embryonic development, with special attention to the role of microRNAs. Although we take in consideration the necessity of being cautious when extrapolating the obtained evidence, we propose some commonalities between early embryonic development and cancer progression that can shed light into our current understanding of this complex event and might aid in the design of specific therapeutic approaches.
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11
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Fan H, Atiya HI, Wang Y, Pisanic TR, Wang TH, Shih IM, Foy KK, Frisbie L, Buckanovich RJ, Chomiak AA, Tiedemann RL, Rothbart SB, Chandler C, Shen H, Coffman LG. Epigenomic Reprogramming toward Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Ovarian-Cancer-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Drives Metastasis. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108473. [PMID: 33296650 PMCID: PMC7747301 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer is well established. Here, we show that, in addition to cancer cell EMT, ovarian cancer cell metastasis relies on an epigenomic mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in host mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These reprogrammed MSCs, termed carcinoma-associated MSCs (CA-MSCs), acquire pro-tumorigenic functions and directly bind cancer cells to serve as a metastatic driver/chaperone. Cancer cells induce this epigenomic MET characterized by enhancer-enriched DNA hypermethylation, altered chromatin accessibility, and differential histone modifications. This phenomenon appears clinically relevant, as CA-MSC MET is highly correlated with patient survival. Mechanistically, mirroring MET observed in development, MET in CA-MSCs is mediated by WT1 and EZH2. Importantly, EZH2 inhibitors, which are clinically available, significantly inhibited CA-MSC-mediated metastasis in mouse models of ovarian cancer. Fan et al. demonstrate that ovarian cancer reprograms the epigenome of stromal cells, inducing a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) to form carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs). This MET, mediated by WT1 and EZH2, enables CA-MSC:cancer cell co-metastasis. EZH2 inhibition decreases CA-MSC-mediated metastasis, presenting a potential therapeutic opportunity in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Fan
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Huda I Atiya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yeh Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Oncology, and Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R Pisanic
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Oncology, and Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly K Foy
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Leonard Frisbie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison A Chomiak
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Scott B Rothbart
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Chelsea Chandler
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Lan G Coffman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Ozkan-Dagliyan I, Diehl JN, George SD, Schaefer A, Papke B, Klotz-Noack K, Waters AM, Goodwin CM, Gautam P, Pierobon M, Peng S, Gilbert TSK, Lin KH, Dagliyan O, Wennerberg K, Petricoin EF, Tran NL, Bhagwat SV, Tiu RV, Peng SB, Herring LE, Graves LM, Sers C, Wood KC, Cox AD, Der CJ. Low-Dose Vertical Inhibition of the RAF-MEK-ERK Cascade Causes Apoptotic Death of KRAS Mutant Cancers. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107764. [PMID: 32553168 PMCID: PMC7393480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We address whether combinations with a pan-RAF inhibitor (RAFi) would be effective in KRAS mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Chemical library and CRISPR genetic screens identify combinations causing apoptotic anti-tumor activity. The most potent combination, concurrent inhibition of RAF (RAFi) and ERK (ERKi), is highly synergistic at low doses in cell line, organoid, and rat models of PDAC, whereas each inhibitor alone is only cytostatic. Comprehensive mechanistic signaling studies using reverse phase protein array (RPPA) pathway mapping and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) show that RAFi/ERKi induced insensitivity to loss of negative feedback and system failures including loss of ERK signaling, FOSL1, and MYC; shutdown of the MYC transcriptome; and induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. We conclude that low-dose vertical inhibition of the RAF-MEK-ERK cascade is an effective therapeutic strategy for KRAS mutant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Ozkan-Dagliyan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Nathaniel Diehl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Samuel D George
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Antje Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bjoern Papke
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen Klotz-Noack
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew M Waters
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig M Goodwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Sen Peng
- Departments of Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Thomas S K Gilbert
- UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | | | - Ramon V Tiu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christine Sers
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louise-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Boles NC, Fernandes M, Swigut T, Srinivasan R, Schiff L, Rada-Iglesias A, Wang Q, Saini JS, Kiehl T, Stern JH, Wysocka J, Blenkinsop TA, Temple S. Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Changes During Human RPE EMT in a Stem Cell Model of Epiretinal Membrane Pathogenesis and Prevention by Nicotinamide. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:631-647. [PMID: 32243845 PMCID: PMC7160390 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process involved in tissue morphogenesis and disease that causes dramatic changes in cell morphology, migration, proliferation, and gene expression. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which supports the neural retina, can undergo EMT, producing fibrous epiretinal membranes (ERMs) associated with vision-impairing clinical conditions, such as macular pucker and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We found that co-treatment with TGF-β and TNF-α (TNT) accelerates EMT in adult human RPE stem cell-derived RPE cell cultures. We captured the global epigenomic and transcriptional changes elicited by TNT treatment of RPE and identified putative active enhancers associated with actively transcribed genes, including a set of upregulated transcription factors that are candidate regulators. We found that the vitamin B derivative nicotinamide downregulates these key transcriptional changes, and inhibits and partially reverses RPE EMT, revealing potential therapeutic routes to benefit patients with ERM, macular pucker and PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Fernandes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tomasz Swigut
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rajini Srinivasan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lauren Schiff
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer NY 12144, USA
| | | | - Qingjie Wang
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kiehl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Stern
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer NY 12144, USA.
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14
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Ward C, Volpe G, Cauchy P, Ptasinska A, Almaghrabi R, Blakemore D, Nafria M, Kestner D, Frampton J, Murphy G, Buganim Y, Kaji K, García P. Fine-Tuning Mybl2 Is Required for Proper Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition during Somatic Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1496-1511.e8. [PMID: 30089261 PMCID: PMC6092268 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During somatic reprogramming, Yamanaka’s pioneer factors regulate a complex sequence of molecular events leading to the activation of a network of pluripotency factors, ultimately resulting in the acquisition and maintenance of a pluripotent state. Here, we show that, contrary to the pluripotency factors studied so far, overexpression of Mybl2 inhibits somatic reprogramming. Our results demonstrate that Mybl2 levels are crucial to the dynamics of the reprogramming process. Mybl2 overexpression changes chromatin conformation, affecting the accessibility of pioneer factors to the chromatin and promoting accessibility for early immediate response genes known to be reprogramming blockers. These changes in the chromatin landscape ultimately lead to a deregulation of key genes that are important for the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. This work defines Mybl2 level as a gatekeeper for the initiation of reprogramming, providing further insights into the tight regulation and required coordination of molecular events that are necessary for changes in cell fate identity during the reprogramming process. Deletion and overexpression of MYBL2 pluripotency factor inhibit somatic reprogramming Mybl2 overexpression affects the accessibility of pioneer factors to the chromatin Mybl2 overexpression promotes accessibility of reprogramming blockers to the chromatin High Mybl2 levels deregulate key genes for proper MET, a requirement for reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anetta Ptasinska
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruba Almaghrabi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Blakemore
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Monica Nafria
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Doris Kestner
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jon Frampton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - George Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yosef Buganim
- The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Keisuke Kaji
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paloma García
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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15
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Chen K, Long Q, Xing G, Wang T, Wu Y, Li L, Qi J, Zhou Y, Ma B, Schöler HR, Nie J, Pei D, Liu X. Heterochromatin loosening by the Oct4 linker region facilitates Klf4 binding and iPSC reprogramming. EMBO J 2020; 39:e99165. [PMID: 31571238 PMCID: PMC6939195 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of Yamanaka factor reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells suggests that some factor(s) must remodel the nuclei from a condensed state to a relaxed state. How factor-dependent chromatin opening occurs remains unclear. Using FRAP and ATAC-seq, we found that Oct4 acts as a pioneer factor that loosens heterochromatin and facilitates the binding of Klf4 and the expression of epithelial genes in early reprogramming, leading to enhanced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. A mutation in the Oct4 linker, L80A, which shows impaired interaction with the BAF complex component Brg1, is inactive in heterochromatin loosening. Oct4-L80A also blocks the binding of Klf4 and retards MET. Finally, vitamin C or Gadd45a could rescue the reprogramming deficiency of Oct4-L80A by enhancing chromatin opening and Klf4 binding. These studies reveal a cooperation between Oct4 and Klf4 at the chromatin level that facilitates MET at the cellular level and shed light into the research of multiple factors in cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Guangsuo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Tianyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Linpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Juntao Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanshuang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Bochao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department for Cell and Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
| | - Jinfu Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyJoint School of Life SciencesHefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSouth China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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16
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Hanoun M, Arnal-Estapé A, Maryanovich M, Zahalka AH, Bergren SK, Chua CW, Leftin A, Brodin PN, Shen MM, Guha C, Frenette PS. Nestin +NG2 + Cells Form a Reserve Stem Cell Population in the Mouse Prostate. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1201-1211. [PMID: 31130357 PMCID: PMC6565923 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the prostate, stem and progenitor cell regenerative capacities have been ascribed to both basal and luminal epithelial cells. Here, we show that a rare subset of mesenchymal cells in the prostate are epithelial-primed Nestin-expressing cells (EPNECs) that can generate self-renewing prostate organoids with bipotential capacity. Upon transplantation, these EPNECs can form prostate gland tissue grafts at the clonal level. Lineage-tracing analyses show that cells marked by Nestin or NG2 transgenic mice contribute to prostate epithelium during organogenesis. In the adult, modest contributions in repeated rounds of regression and regeneration are observed, whereas prostate epithelial cells derived from Nestin/NG2-marked cells are dramatically increased after severe irradiation-induced organ damage. These results indicate that Nestin/NG2 expression marks a novel radioresistant prostate stem cell that is active during development and displays reserve stem cell activity for tissue maintenance. The murine prostate mesenchyme contains epithelial-primed Nestin+ cells Nestin+ cells generate self-renewing prostate organoids and glands at clonal level NG2/Nestin+ cells contribute to prostate epithelium during organogenesis NG2/Nestin+ cells retain reserve stem cell activity for tissue regeneration in the adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Hanoun
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Arnal-Estapé
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ali H Zahalka
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sarah K Bergren
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chee W Chua
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Avigdor Leftin
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patrik N Brodin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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17
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Peñalosa-Ruiz G, Bousgouni V, Gerlach JP, Waarlo S, van de Ven JV, Veenstra TE, Silva JCR, van Heeringen SJ, Bakal C, Mulder KW, Veenstra GJC. WDR5, BRCA1, and BARD1 Co-regulate the DNA Damage Response and Modulate the Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition during Early Reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:743-756. [PMID: 30880078 PMCID: PMC6449870 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated cells are epigenetically stable, but can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by expression of the OSKM transcription factors. Despite significant effort, relatively little is known about the cellular requirements for reprogramming and how they affect the properties of induced pluripotent stem cells. We have performed high-content screening with small interfering RNAs targeting 300 chromatin-associated factors and extracted colony-level quantitative features. This revealed five morphological phenotypes in early reprogramming, including one displaying large round colonies exhibiting an early block of reprogramming. Using RNA sequencing, we identified transcriptional changes associated with these phenotypes. Furthermore, double knockdown epistasis experiments revealed that BRCA1, BARD1, and WDR5 functionally interact and are required for the DNA damage response. In addition, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition is affected in Brca1, Bard1, and Wdr5 knockdowns. Our data provide a resource of chromatin-associated factors in early reprogramming and underline colony morphology as an important high-dimensional readout for reprogramming quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Peñalosa-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Vicky Bousgouni
- Dynamical Cell Systems Team, Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jan P Gerlach
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Waarlo
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Joris V van de Ven
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Tim E Veenstra
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - José C R Silva
- Welcome Trust Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Simon J van Heeringen
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Bakal
- Dynamical Cell Systems Team, Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Klaas W Mulder
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
| | - Gert Jan C Veenstra
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
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18
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Gu X, Han S, Cui M, Xue J, Ai L, Sun L, Zhu X, Wang Y, Liu C. Knockdown of endothelin receptor B inhibits the progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1448:5-18. [PMID: 30900271 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) is one of the receptors in the endothelin axis and its upregulated expression is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis of several types of solid tumors. However, the expression profile of EDNRB in breast cancer and its role in the progression of breast cancer are unclear. Here, we show that EDNRB expression is higher in metastatic tumors than in primary breast cancer, and is associated significantly with lymph node metastasis and poor survival in Chinese patients with breast cancer. EDNRB expression was particularly upregulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Moreover, EDNRB silencing by a specific shRNA significantly attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells and increased their apoptosis, as well as retarded the growth of implanted tumors in mice. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicated that 248 proteins were differentially expressed in EDNRB-silenced cells and their cellular organelles, and these proteins participate in many processes. EDNRB silencing decreased protein kinase B and extracellular regulated protein kinase phosphorylation and promoted the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition process in MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, our findings provide strong evidence for the first time that knockdown of EDNRB expression inhibits the progression of TNBC and that EDNRB can serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meizi Cui
- Department of Cadre Ward, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liping Ai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yulun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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19
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Wang D, Bao F, Teng Y, Li Q, Li J. MicroRNA-506-3p initiates mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and suppresses autophagy in osteosarcoma cells by directly targeting SPHK1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:836-844. [PMID: 30669957 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1569496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor. In cancer cells, autophagy is related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although microRNA (miR)-506-3p has been demonstrated to act as a tumor suppressor in OS, its role in regulating the EMT process and autophagy remains unknown. The results showed that miR-506-3p directly inhibited the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in 143B and SaOS-2 cells. The invasive capability of OS cells was reduced following miR-506-3p mimics transfection, and restored when SPHK1 was overexpressed simultaneously. Further, miR-506-3p mimics initiated mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) - E-cadherin expression was upregulated, whilst vimentin and fibronectin were downregulated. The basal autophagy flux (LC3II/I) was suppressed by miR-506-3p mimics. The alterations induced by miR-506-3p mimics were partly reversed by SPHK1 overexpression or treatment of rapamycin. Meanwhile, treatment of SPHK1-transfected cells with 3-methyladenine inhibited EMT. The data suggest that miR-506-3p initiates MET and suppresses autophagy in OS cells by targeting SPHK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqin Bao
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Teng
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Fuxin Central Hospital , Fuxin , Liaoning , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Fuxin Central Hospital , Fuxin , Liaoning , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , People's Republic of China
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20
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Kagawa H, Shimamoto R, Kim SI, Oceguera-Yanez F, Yamamoto T, Schroeder T, Woltjen K. OVOL1 Influences the Determination and Expansion of iPSC Reprogramming Intermediates. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:319-32. [PMID: 30639212 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), fibroblasts undergo dynamic molecular changes, including a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) and gain of pluripotency; processes that are influenced by Yamanaka factor stoichiometry. For example, in early reprogramming, high KLF4 levels are correlated with the induction of functionally undefined, transiently expressed MET genes. Here, we identified the cell-surface protein TROP2 as a marker for cells with transient MET induction in the high-KLF4 condition. We observed the emergence of cells expressing the pluripotency marker SSEA-1+ mainly from within the TROP2+ fraction. Using TROP2 as a marker in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated candidate screening of MET genes, we identified the transcription factor OVOL1 as a potential regulator of an alternative epithelial cell fate characterized by the expression of non-iPSC MET genes and low cell proliferation. Our study sheds light on how reprogramming factor stoichiometry alters the spectrum of intermediate cell fates, ultimately influencing reprogramming outcomes. High KLF4 activates transient MET genes early in reprogramming The cell-surface protein TROP2 marks a transient epithelial population TROP2 is followed by SSEA-1 presentation in cells efficient at reprogramming Suppression of partially reprogrammed cells improves the purity of reprogramming
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21
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Toret CP, Le Bivic A. A potential Rho GEF and Rac GAP for coupled Rac and Rho cycles during mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transitions. Small GTPases 2018; 12:13-19. [PMID: 30032715 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1502592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The leading edge-to-cadherin contact transitions that occur during metazoan developmental processes and disease states require fine coordination of Rac and Rho pathways. Recently the elmo-mbc complex, a Rac GEF and RhoGAP19D, a Rho GAP were identified as key, conserved regulators that link Rac and Rho during these transitions. The corresponding Rho GEF and Rac GAP remain hidden amongst the large family of GEF and GAP proteins. Identification of these regulators is essential to understand GTPase coordination during these transitions. Here we find two candidates based on the mammalian literature and use RNAi to explore the fly ortholog effects on the dorsal closure epidermis. RhoGEF64C and RhoGAP92B are strong contenders to couple Rac and Rho during mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Toret
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille , Marseille, France
| | - Andre Le Bivic
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille , Marseille, France
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22
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Caccuri F, Ronca R, Laimbacher AS, Berenzi A, Steimberg N, Campilongo F, Mazzuca P, Giacomini A, Mazzoleni G, Benetti A, Caselli E, Presta M, Di Luca D, Fraefel C, Caruso A. U94 of human herpesvirus 6 down-modulates Src, promotes a partial mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and inhibits tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44533-44549. [PMID: 28562350 PMCID: PMC5546500 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
U94, the latency gene of human herpesvirus 6, was found to inhibit migration, invasion and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Because of its potent anti-migratory activity on ECs, we tested the capability of U94 to interfere with the individual steps of the metastatic cascade. We examined the U94 biological activity on the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231, as a model of highly aggressive cancer cell. Here we show that the expression of U94 delivered by an HSV-1-based amplicon promoted down-modulation of Src and downstream molecules linked to cell motility and proliferation. Indeed, U94 expression strongly inhibited cell migration, invasiveness and clonogenicity. We investigated the effects of U94 in a three-dimensional rotary cell-culture system and observed the ability of U94 to modify tumor cell morphology by inducing a partial mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. In fact, despite U94 did not induce any expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, it down-modulated different mesenchymal markers as β-catenin, Vimentin, TWIST, Snail1, and MMP2. In vivo data on the tumorigenicity of MDA-MB 231 displayed the capability of U94 to control tumor growth, invasiveness and metastasis, as well as tumor-driven angiogenesis. The antitumor U94 activity was also confirmed on the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. The ability of U94 to inhibit cell growth, invasion and metastasis opens the way to a promising field of research aimed to develop new therapeutic approaches for treating tumor and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caccuri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Angiola Berenzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nathalie Steimberg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Campilongo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Mazzuca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mazzoleni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Benetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dario Di Luca
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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23
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Liskova P, Dudakova L, Evans CJ, Rojas Lopez KE, Pontikos N, Athanasiou D, Jama H, Sach J, Skalicka P, Stranecky V, Kmoch S, Thaung C, Filipec M, Cheetham ME, Davidson AE, Tuft SJ, Hardcastle AJ. Ectopic GRHL2 Expression Due to Non-coding Mutations Promotes Cell State Transition and Causes Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy 4. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:447-459. [PMID: 29499165 PMCID: PMC5985340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a large family of Czech origin, we mapped a locus for an autosomal-dominant corneal endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 4 (PPCD4), to 8q22.3-q24.12. Whole-genome sequencing identified a unique variant (c.20+544G>T) in this locus, within an intronic regulatory region of GRHL2. Targeted sequencing identified the same variant in three additional previously unsolved PPCD-affected families, including a de novo occurrence that suggests this is a recurrent mutation. Two further unique variants were identified in intron 1 of GRHL2 (c.20+257delT and c.20+133delA) in unrelated PPCD-affected families. GRHL2 is a transcription factor that suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is a direct transcriptional repressor of ZEB1. ZEB1 mutations leading to haploinsufficiency cause PPCD3. We previously identified promoter mutations in OVOL2, a gene not normally expressed in the corneal endothelium, as the cause of PPCD1. OVOL2 drives mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) by directly inhibiting EMT-inducing transcription factors, such as ZEB1. Here, we demonstrate that the GRHL2 regulatory variants identified in PPCD4-affected individuals induce increased transcriptional activity in vitro. Furthermore, although GRHL2 is not expressed in corneal endothelial cells in control tissue, we detected GRHL2 in the corneal "endothelium" in PPCD4 tissue. These cells were also positive for epithelial markers E-Cadherin and Cytokeratin 7, indicating they have transitioned to an epithelial-like cell type. We suggest that mutations inducing MET within the corneal endothelium are a convergent pathogenic mechanism leading to dysfunction of the endothelial barrier and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Liskova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Lubica Dudakova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Cerys J Evans
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Karla E Rojas Lopez
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Dimitra Athanasiou
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Hodan Jama
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Josef Sach
- Institute of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 50, Prague 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Skalicka
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stranecky
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline Thaung
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Martin Filipec
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Michael E Cheetham
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Alice E Davidson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - Alison J Hardcastle
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
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24
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Puglisi R, Bellenghi M, Pontecorvi G, Gulino A, Petrini M, Felicetti F, Bottero L, Mattia G, Carè A. SCD5 restored expression favors differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal reversion in advanced melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7567-7581. [PMID: 29484133 PMCID: PMC5800925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous data supported a role for the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD5) in protection against malignancy, whereby it appears to functionally modify tumor stroma impairing tumor spread. SCD5 is significantly expressed in primary melanoma, but becomes barely detectable at tumor advanced stages. Looking for the regulatory mechanisms underlying SCD5 reduced expression during melanoma progression, we demonstrated a significantly lower stability of SCD5 protein as well as the direct targeting of SCD5 mRNA by the oncogenic miR-221&222 in metastatic cell lines. Moreover, our results indicated the existence of a negative feedback loop between SCD5 and miR-221&222, in good agreement with their opposite functions. Also, we showed how SCD5 re-expression and the direct supplementation of its main product oleic acid (OA) can drive advanced melanoma cell lines toward differentiation and reversion of the epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT)-like process, eventually inducing a less malignant phenotype. Indeed, SCD5 re-established the sensitivity to all-trans retinoic acid in A375M metastatic melanoma, associated with increased levels of Tyrosinase, melanin production and reduced proliferation. As evidenced by the correct modulation of some key transcription factors, SCD5 managed by favoring a partial mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transition in in vitro studies. Interestingly, a more complete MET, including E-cadherin re-expression correctly localized at cell membranes, was obtained in in vivo xenograft models, thus indicating the requirement of direct contacts between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment as well as the presence of some essential factors for SCD5 complete function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Pontecorvi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marina Petrini
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Felicetti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Lisabianca Bottero
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mattia
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
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25
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Chou CK, Fan CC, Lin PS, Liao PY, Tung JC, Hsieh CH, Hung MC, Chen CH, Chang WC. Sciellin mediates mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in colorectal cancer hepatic metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:25742-54. [PMID: 27013588 PMCID: PMC5041940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic metastasis is the major cause of mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Using proteomic analysis, we found sciellin (SCEL) to be specifically expressed in hepatic metastatic CRC cell lines. SCEL knockdown increased CRC cell migration and invasion, while overexpression had the opposite effect. SCEL knockdown also caused cancer cells to form more invasive structures within 3D cultures, increased the mesenchymal marker vimentin, and attenuated the epithelial marker E-cadherin. SCEL increased WNT signaling by activating β-catenin and its downstream target c-myc, and activated mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) through a SCEL-β-catenin-E-cadherin axis. SCEL showed higher expression in late stage primary CRC than in its hepatic metastatic counterpart. SCEL expression is dynamically modulated by TGF-β1 and hypoxia, revealing a plastic MET mechanism for tumor colonization. Intrahepatic injection in immunodeficient mice revealed that SCEL is necessary for metastatic CRC tumor growth in the liver. These results demonstrate that SCEL is a MET inducer dynamically regulated through the metastasis process. They suggest SCEL may be a useful therapeutic target for preventing or eliminating CRC hepatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Kai Chou
- National Applied Research Laboratories, National Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Fan
- Superintendent Office, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Lin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Liao
- National Applied Research Laboratories, National Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chen Tung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Atomic & Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Wu L, Wu Y, Peng B, Hou Z, Dong Y, Chen K, Guo M, Li H, Chen X, Kou X, Zhao Y, Bi Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Le R, Kang L, Gao S. Oocyte-Specific Homeobox 1, Obox1, Facilitates Reprogramming by Promoting Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition and Mitigating Cell Hyperproliferation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1692-1705. [PMID: 29033306 PMCID: PMC5853649 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes possess fascinating unknown factors, which can reprogram terminally differentiated germ cells or somatic cells into totipotent embryos. Here, we demonstrate that oocyte-specific homeobox 1 (Obox1), an oocyte-specific factor, can markedly enhance the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts in a proliferation-independent manner and can replace Sox2 to achieve pluripotency. Overexpression of Obox1 can greatly promote mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) at early stage of OSKM-induced reprogramming, and meanwhile, the hyperproliferation of THY1-positive cells can be significantly mitigated. Subsequently, the proportion of THY1-negative cells and Oct4-GFP-positive cells increased dramatically. Further analysis of gene expression and targets of Obox1 during reprogramming indicates that the expression of Obox1 can promote epithelial gene expression and modulate cell-cycle-related gene expression. Taken together, we conclude that the oocyte-specific factor Obox1 serves as a strong activator for somatic cell reprogramming through promoting the MET and mitigating cell hyperproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Peng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaochen Kou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rongrong Le
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lan Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Faiola F, Yin N, Fidalgo M, Huang X, Saunders A, Ding J, Guallar D, Dang B, Wang J. NAC1 Regulates Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Controlling Zeb1 and E-cadherin Expression. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:913-926. [PMID: 28781078 PMCID: PMC5599184 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a long and inefficient process. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying reprogramming is paramount for efficient generation and safe application of iPSCs in medicine. While intensive efforts have been devoted to identifying reprogramming facilitators and barriers, a full repertoire of such factors, as well as their mechanistic actions, is poorly defined. Here, we report that NAC1, a pluripotency-associated factor and NANOG partner, is required for establishment of pluripotency during reprogramming. Mechanistically, NAC1 is essential for proper expression of E-cadherin by a dual regulatory mechanism: it facilitates NANOG binding to the E-cadherin promoter and fine-tunes its expression; most importantly, it downregulates the E-cadherin repressor ZEB1 directly via transcriptional repression and indirectly via post-transcriptional activation of the miR-200 miRNAs. Our study thus uncovers a previously unappreciated role for the pluripotency regulator NAC1 in promoting efficient somatic cell reprogramming. NAC1 is critical for efficient iPSC generation NAC1 facilitates NANOG binding to E-cadherin promoter NAC1 binds to Zeb1 promoter and represses its expression NAC1 binds to the miR-200 loci and indirectly activates E-cadherin expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Faiola
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Arven Saunders
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Junjun Ding
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diana Guallar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Baoyen Dang
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Thierauf J, Veit JA, Hess J. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E76. [PMID: 28671620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most prevalent human malignancies worldwide, with a high morbidity and mortality. Implementation of interdisciplinary treatment modalities has improved the quality of life, but only minor changes in overall survival have been achieved over the past decades. Main causes for treatment failure are an aggressive and invasive tumor growth in combination with a high degree of intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance. A subset of tumor cells gain these properties during malignant progression by reactivating a complex program of epithelia-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is integral in embryonic development, wound healing, and stem cell behavior. EMT is mediated by a core set of key transcription factors, which are under the control of a large range of developmental signals and extracellular cues. Unraveling molecular principles that drive EMT provides new concepts to better understand tumor cell plasticity and response to established as well as new treatment modalities, and has the potential to identify new drug targets for a more effective, less toxic, and individualized therapy of HNC patients. Here, we review the most recent findings on the clinical relevance of a mesenchymal-like phenotype for HNC patients, including more rare cases of mucosal melanoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Jolly MK, Ware KE, Gilja S, Somarelli JA, Levine H. EMT and MET: necessary or permissive for metastasis? Mol Oncol 2017; 11:755-769. [PMID: 28548345 PMCID: PMC5496498 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition (MET) have been suggested to play crucial roles in metastatic dissemination of carcinomas. These phenotypic transitions between states are not binary. Instead, carcinoma cells often exhibit a spectrum of epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype(s). While epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity has been observed preclinically and clinically, whether any of these phenotypic transitions are indispensable for metastatic outgrowth remains an unanswered question. Here, we focus on epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity in metastatic dissemination and propose alternative mechanisms for successful dissemination and metastases beyond the traditional EMT/MET view. We highlight multiple hypotheses that can help reconcile conflicting observations, and outline the next set of key questions that can offer valuable insights into mechanisms of metastasis in multiple tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn E Ware
- Duke Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shivee Gilja
- Duke Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Duke Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Jackson TR, Kim HY, Balakrishnan UL, Stuckenholz C, Davidson LA. Spatiotemporally Controlled Mechanical Cues Drive Progenitor Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition Enabling Proper Heart Formation and Function. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1326-1335. [PMID: 28434863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During early cardiogenesis, bilateral fields of mesenchymal heart progenitor cells (HPCs) move from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm to the ventral midline, undergoing a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) en route to forming a single epithelial sheet. Through tracking of tissue-level deformations in the heart-forming region (HFR) as well as movement trajectories and traction generation of individual HPCs, we find that the onset of MET correlates with a peak in mechanical stress within the HFR and changes in HPC migratory behaviors. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting actomyosin contractility reveal a temporally specific requirement of bulk tissue compliance to regulate heart development and MET. Targeting mutant constructs to modulate contractility and compliance in the underlying endoderm, we find that MET in HPCs can be accelerated in response to microenvironmental stiffening and can be inhibited by softening. To test whether MET in HPCs was responsive to purely physical mechanical cues, we mimicked a high-stress state by injecting an inert oil droplet to generate high strain in the HFR, demonstrating that exogenously applied stress was sufficient to drive MET. MET-induced defects in anatomy result in defined functional lesions in the larval heart, implicating mechanical signaling and MET in the etiology of congenital heart defects. From this integrated analysis of HPC polarity and mechanics, we propose that normal heart development requires bilateral HPCs to undergo a critical behavioral and phenotypic transition on their way to the ventral midline, and that this transition is driven in response to the changing mechanical properties of their endoderm substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Jackson
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Uma L Balakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Carsten Stuckenholz
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lance A Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Antonello ZA, Reiff T, Dominguez M. Mesenchymal to epithelial transition during tissue homeostasis and regeneration: Patching up the Drosophila midgut epithelium. Fly (Austin) 2016; 9:132-7. [PMID: 26760955 PMCID: PMC4862424 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2016.1140709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are responsible for preserving morphology and function of adult tissues. Stem cells divide to self-renew and to generate progenitor cells to sustain cell demand from the tissue throughout the organism's life. Unlike stem cells, the progenitor cells have limited proliferation potential but have the capacity to terminally differentiate and thereby to substitute older or damaged mature cells. Recent findings indicate that adult stem cells can adapt their division kinetics dynamically to match changes in tissue demand during homeostasis and regeneration. However, cell turnover not only requires stem cell division but also needs timed differentiation of the progenitor cells, which has been much less explored. In this Extra View article, we discuss the ability of progenitor cells to actively postpone terminal differentiation in the absence of a local demand and how tissue demand activates terminal differentiation via a conserved mesenchymal-epithelial transition program revealed in our recent EMBO J paper and other published and unpublished data. The extent of the significance of these results is discussed for models of tissue dynamics during both homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeus A Antonello
- a Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) ; Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante , Spain
| | - Tobias Reiff
- a Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) ; Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante , Spain
| | - Maria Dominguez
- a Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) ; Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante , Spain
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32
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Chang Q, Zhang L, He C, Zhang B, Zhang J, Liu B, Zeng N, Zhu Z. HOXB9 induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in gastric carcinoma is negatively regulated by its hexapeptide motif. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42838-53. [PMID: 26536658 PMCID: PMC4767475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HOXB9, a transcription factor, plays an important role in development. While HOXB9 has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis, its mechanisms are variable and its role in gastric carcinoma (GC) remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the expression of HOXB9 decreased in gastric carcinoma and was associated with malignancy and metastasis. Re-expression of HOXB9 in gastric cell lines resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which was accompanied by the induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Comparative sequence analysis and examination of a HOXB9 structural model indicated that three sites might possibly be involved in MET regulation. The in vitro study of HOXB9 mutants showed that these were unable to inhibit MET induction. However, when overexpressing a HOXB9 mutant lacking the hexapeptide motif, a more potent MET induction and tumor suppression was observed compared to that of the wild-type, indicating that the presence of the hexapeptide motif reduced HOXB9 MET induction and tumor suppression activity. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that HOXB9 is a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma, and its activity was controlled by different regulatory mechanisms such as the hexapeptide motif as a "brake" in this case. The results of these regulatory effects could lead to either oncogenic or tumor suppressive roles of HOXB9, depending on the context of the particular type of cancer involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Current Address: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Changyu He
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baogui Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading female cancer in terms of prevalence. Progress in molecular biology has brought forward a better understanding of its pathogenesis that has led to better prognostication and treatment. Subtypes of breast cancer have been identified at the genomic level and guide therapeutic decisions based on their biology and the expected benefit from various interventions. Despite this progress, a significant percentage of patients die from their disease and further improvements are needed. The cancer stem cell theory and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition are two comparatively novel concepts that have been introduced in the area of cancer research and are actively investigated. Both processes have their physiologic roots in normal development and common mediators have begun to surface. This review discusses the associations of these networks as a prognostic framework in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada ; Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Viotti M, Foley AC, Hadjantonakis AK. Gutsy moves in mice: cellular and molecular dynamics of endoderm morphogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0547. [PMID: 25349455 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of the gut and its accessory organs, our understanding of early endoderm development is still incomplete. Traditionally, endoderm has been difficult to study because of its small size and relative fragility. However, recent advances in live cell imaging technologies have dramatically expanded our understanding of this tissue, adding a new appreciation for the complex molecular and morphogenetic processes that mediate gut formation. Several spatially and molecularly distinct subpopulations have been shown to exist within the endoderm before the onset of gastrulation. Here, we review findings that have uncovered complex cell movements within the endodermal layer, before and during gastrulation, leading to the conclusion that cells from primitive endoderm contribute descendants directly to gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Viotti
- Genentech Incorporated, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ann C Foley
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Courtot AM, Magniez A, Oudrhiri N, Féraud O, Bacci J, Gobbo E, Proust S, Turhan AG, Bennaceur-Griscelli A. Morphological analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cells during induced differentiation and reverse programming. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:206-16. [PMID: 25371857 PMCID: PMC4215385 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine analysis of cell components during the generation of pluripotent cells and their comparison to bone fide human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are valuable tools to understand their biological behavior. In this report, human mesenchymal cells (hMSCs) generated from the human ES cell line H9, were reprogrammed back to induced pluripotent state using Oct-4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28 transgenes. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) were analyzed using electron microscopy and compared with regard to the original hESCs and the hMSCs from which they were derived. This analysis shows that hIPSCs and the original hESCs are morphologically undistinguishable but differ from the hMSCs with respect to the presence of several morphological features of undifferentiated cells at both the cytoplasmic (ribosomes, lipid droplets, glycogen, scarce reticulum) and nuclear levels (features of nuclear plasticity, presence of euchromatin, reticulated nucleoli). We show that hIPSC colonies generated this way presented epithelial aspects with specialized junctions highlighting morphological criteria of the mesenchymal–epithelial transition in cells engaged in a successful reprogramming process. Electron microscopic analysis revealed also specific morphological aspects of partially reprogrammed cells. These results highlight the valuable use of electron microscopy for a better knowledge of the morphological aspects of IPSC and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Courtot
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France . ; Université Paris Sud , Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Aurélie Magniez
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France
| | - Noufissa Oudrhiri
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France . ; Service d'Hématologie Biologique APHP, Hôpital Paul Brousse , GHU Paris Sud Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Féraud
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France
| | - Josette Bacci
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Bicêtre APHP , Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Emilie Gobbo
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Proust
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Bicêtre APHP , Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ali G Turhan
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France . ; Université Paris Sud , Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France . ; Service d'Hématologie Biologique APHP, Hôpital Bicêtre , GHU Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Inserm U935, ES-TEAM Paris Sud, Ingestem , Villejuif, France . ; Université Paris Sud , Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France . ; Service d'Hématologie Biologique APHP, Hôpital Paul Brousse , GHU Paris Sud Villejuif, France
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Deng XG, Qiu RL, Wu YH, Li ZX, Xie P, Zhang J, Zhou JJ, Zeng LX, Tang J, Maharjan A, Deng JM. Overexpression of miR-122 promotes the hepatic differentiation and maturation of mouse ESCs through a miR-122/FoxA1/HNF4a-positive feedback loop. Liver Int 2014; 34:281-95. [PMID: 23834235 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS microRNA-122 is the only identified liver-specific miRNA and plays a crucial role in liver development, maintenance of hepatic homeostasis as well as tumourigenesis. In our previous differentiation of ESCs into hepatocytes, microRNA-122 (miR-122) was expressed at a relatively low level. Here, we aim to elucidate the effect and underlying mechanisms of miR-122 during differentiation of ESCs into hepatocytes. METHODS Mouse ESCs were initially induced towards HPCs by activin A, FGF-4 and sodium butyrate and were subsequently transfected with a recombinant adenovirus expressing vector pAV.Ex1d-CMV>miR-122/IRES/eGFP 9 days after induction. Cells were analysed by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, microscopy and functional assays. Furthermore, microarray analysis was performed. RESULTS We demonstrated that overexpression of miR-122 could effectively promote hepatic differentiation and maturation, as assessed by morphological and functional tests. The microarray analysis revealed that 323 genes were down-regulated, whereas 59 were up-regulated. Particularly, two liver-specific transcription factors, FoxA1 and HNF4a, were significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the expression of E-cadherin was dramatically increased and the proliferation of HPCs was suppressed, whereas knockdown of FoxA1 reduced E-cadherin expression and increased the proliferation of HPCs. In addition, the expression levels of FoxA1, HNF4a and E-cadherin in time-course transfection experiments with miR-122 were not significantly increased except in cells in which transfection with miR-122 occurred 9 days after induction. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-122 at an appropriate stage could promote hepatic differentiation and maturation by regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation, as well as the balance between EMT and MET, partially through a miR-122/FoxA1/HNF4a-positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Geng Deng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nakamura M, Onoda N, Noda S, Kashiwagi S, Aomatsu N, Kurata K, Kawajiri H, Takashima T, Ishikawa T, Hirakawa K. E-cadherin expression and cell proliferation in the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 2:226-232. [PMID: 24649337 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has an excellent prognosis, certain cases exhibit aggressive clinical manifestations. In this study, we assessed the expression of E-cadherin and Ki-67 in primary PTMC tumors and metastatic lymph nodes, in order to investigate the mechanism underlying the mainly indolent but potentially malignant nature of PTMC. A total of 93 PTMC patients treated in our institute were included in this study. All primary tumors and 57 metastatic lymph nodes were immunohistochemically stained and a total of 73 tumors (78.5%) were positive for E-cadherin. E-cadherin expression was significantly less common at the invasive front (58.1%, P<0.01) compared to that at the center of the tumor. Tumors that had lost E-cadherin expression at the invasive front frequently presented with lymph node metastasis (70.6%). Small tumors (≤5 mm diameter) expressed E-cadherin significantly more frequently compared with larger tumors (P=0.04); however, no other particular characteristic was found to correlate with the status of E-cadherin expression in the primary tumors. E-cadherin expression was detected in 49 (86.0%) of the 57 metastatic foci and correlated significantly with the expression status at the invasive front of the tumor (P=0.02). The Ki-67 index was universally low and was not correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics or the E-cadherin expression of the tumors. These results suggested that cancer cells in the metastatic lymph nodes exhibit indolent characteristics, similar to those of the primary PTMC. However, the metastatic cancer cells may have already completed the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), suggesting an innate malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Onoda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Satoru Noda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Aomatsu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kento Kurata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kawajiri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takashima
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Ko CI, Wang Q, Fan Y, Xia Y, Puga A. Pluripotency factors and Polycomb Group proteins repress aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in murine embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:296-308. [PMID: 24316986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor and environmental sensor that regulates expression of genes involved in drug-metabolism and cell cycle regulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, Ahr ablation in mice and studies with orthologous genes in invertebrates suggest that AHR may also play a significant role in embryonic development. To address this hypothesis, we studied the regulation of Ahr expression in mouse embryonic stem cells and their differentiated progeny. In ES cells, interactions between OCT3/4, NANOG, SOX2 and Polycomb Group proteins at the Ahr promoter repress AHR expression, which can also be repressed by ectopic expression of reprogramming factors in hepatoma cells. In ES cells, unproductive RNA polymerase II binds at the Ahr transcription start site and drives the synthesis of short abortive transcripts. Activation of Ahr expression during differentiation follows from reversal of repressive marks in Ahr promoter chromatin, release of pluripotency factors and PcG proteins, binding of Sp factors, establishment of histone marks of open chromatin, and engagement of active RNAPII to drive full-length RNA transcript elongation. Our results suggest that reversible Ahr repression in ES cells holds the gene poised for expression and allows for a quick switch to activation during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Rowton M, Ramos P, Anderson DM, Rhee JM, Cunliffe HE, Rawls A. Regulation of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition by PARAXIS during somitogenesis. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1332-44. [PMID: 24038871 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic alterations in cell shape, migration, and adhesion play a central role in tissue morphogenesis during embryonic development and congenital disease. The mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition that occurs during vertebrate somitogenesis is required for proper patterning of the axial musculoskeletal system. Somitic MET is initiated in the presomitic mesoderm by PARAXIS-dependent changes in cell adhesion, cell polarity, and the composition of the extracellular matrix. However, the target genes downstream of the transcription factor PARAXIS remain poorly described. RESULTS A genome-wide comparison of gene expression in the anterior presomitic mesoderm and newly formed somites of Paraxis(-/-) embryos resulted in a set of deregulated genes enriched for factors associated with extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal organization and cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion. The greatest change in expression was seen in fibroblast activation protein alpha (Fap), encoding a dipeptidyl peptidase capable of increasing fibronectin and collagen fiber organization in extracellular matrix. Further, downstream genes in the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were downregulated, predicting that PARAXIS participates in positive feedback loops in both pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that PARAXIS initiates and stabilizes somite epithelialization by integrating signals from multiple pathways to control the reorganization of the ECM, cytoskeleton, and adhesion junctions during MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rowton
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Blech-Hermoni Y, Ladd AN. RNA binding proteins in the regulation of heart development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2467-78. [PMID: 23973289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, RNA molecules are constantly accompanied by RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which are intimately involved in every step of RNA biology, including transcription, editing, splicing, transport and localization, stability, and translation. RBPs therefore have opportunities to shape gene expression at multiple levels. This capacity is particularly important during development, when dynamic chemical and physical changes give rise to complex organs and tissues. This review discusses RBPs in the context of heart development. Since the targets and functions of most RBPs--in the heart and at large--are not fully understood, this review focuses on the expression and roles of RBPs that have been implicated in specific stages of heart development or developmental pathology. RBPs are involved in nearly every stage of cardiogenesis, including the formation, morphogenesis, and maturation of the heart. A fuller understanding of the roles and substrates of these proteins could ultimately provide attractive targets for the design of therapies for congenital heart defects, cardiovascular disease, or cardiac tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Blech-Hermoni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Program in Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Fujino N, Kubo H, Suzuki T, Ota C, Hegab AE, He M, Suzuki S, Suzuki T, Yamada M, Kondo T, Kato H, Yamaya M. Isolation of alveolar epithelial type II progenitor cells from adult human lungs. J Transl Med 2011; 91:363-78. [PMID: 21079581 PMCID: PMC3125101 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident stem/progenitor cells in the lung are important for tissue homeostasis and repair. However, a progenitor population for alveolar type II (ATII) cells in adult human lungs has not been identified. The aim of this study is to isolate progenitor cells from adult human lungs with the ability to differentiate into ATII cells. We isolated colony-forming cells that had the capability for self-renewal and the potential to generate ATII cells in vitro. These undifferentiated progenitor cells expressed surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and surfactant proteins associated with ATII cells, such as CD90 and pro-surfactant protein-C (pro-SP-C), respectively. Microarray analyses indicated that transcripts associated with lung development were enriched in the pro-SP-C(+)/CD90(+) cells compared with bone marrow-MSCs. Furthermore, pathological evaluation indicated that pro-SP-C and CD90 double-positive cells were present within alveolar walls in normal lungs, and significantly increased in ATII cell hyperplasias contributing to alveolar epithelial repair in damaged lungs. Our findings demonstrated that adult human lungs contain a progenitor population for ATII cells. This study is a first step toward better understanding of stem cell biology in adult human lung alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Fujino
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan,Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Takaya Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mei He
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ishinomaki Red Cross Hospital, Hebita, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kato
- Division of Developmental Biology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
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