1
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Koyama Y, Suico MA, Owaki A, Sato R, Kuwazuru J, Kaseda S, Sannomiya Y, Horizono J, Omachi K, Horinouchi T, Yamamura T, Tsuhako H, Nozu K, Shuto T, Kai H. Trimerization profile of type IV collagen COL4A5 exon deletion in X-linked Alport syndrome. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:874-881. [PMID: 38658441 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alport syndrome (AS) is a genetic kidney disease caused by a mutation in type IV collagen α3, α4, and α5, which are normally secreted as heterotrimer α345(IV). Nonsense mutation in these genes causes severe AS phenotype. We previously revealed that the exon-skipping approach to remove a nonsense mutation in α5(IV) ameliorated the AS pathology. However, the effect of removing an exon on trimerization is unknown. Here, we assessed the impact of exon deletion on trimerization to evaluate their possible therapeutic applicability and to predict the severity of mutations associated with exon-skipping. METHODS We produced exon deletion constructs (ΔExon), nonsense, and missense mutants by mutagenesis and evaluated their trimer formation and secretion activities using a nanoluciferase-based assay that we previously developed. RESULTS Exon-skipping had differential effects on the trimer secretion of α345(IV). Some ΔExons could form and secrete α345(IV) trimers and had higher activity compared with nonsense mutants. Other ΔExons had low secretion activity, especially for those with exon deletion near the C-terminal end although the intracellular trimerization was normal. No difference was noted in the secretion of missense mutants and their ΔExon counterpart. CONCLUSION Exon skipping is advantageous for nonsense mutants in AS with severe phenotypes and early onset of renal failure but applications may be limited to ΔExons capable of normal trimerization and secretion. This study provides information on α5(IV) exon-skipping for possible therapeutic application and the prediction of the trimer behavior associated with exon-skipping in Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuimi Koyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Aimi Owaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Jun Kuwazuru
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shota Kaseda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuya Sannomiya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Jun Horizono
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kohei Omachi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tomoko Horinouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haruki Tsuhako
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan.
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 862-0973, Japan.
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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2
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Borst R, Meyaard L, Pascoal Ramos MI. Understanding the matrix: collagen modifications in tumors and their implications for immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:382. [PMID: 38659022 PMCID: PMC11040975 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors are highly complex and heterogenous ecosystems where malignant cells interact with healthy cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Solid tumors contain large ECM deposits that can constitute up to 60% of the tumor mass. This supports the survival and growth of cancerous cells and plays a critical role in the response to immune therapy. There is untapped potential in targeting the ECM and cell-ECM interactions to improve existing immune therapy and explore novel therapeutic strategies. The most abundant proteins in the ECM are the collagen family. There are 28 different collagen subtypes that can undergo several post-translational modifications (PTMs), which alter both their structure and functionality. Here, we review current knowledge on tumor collagen composition and the consequences of collagen PTMs affecting receptor binding, cell migration and tumor stiffness. Furthermore, we discuss how these alterations impact tumor immune responses and how collagen could be targeted to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowie Borst
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Ines Pascoal Ramos
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
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3
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Tvaroška I. Glycosylation Modulates the Structure and Functions of Collagen: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:1417. [PMID: 38611696 PMCID: PMC11012932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Collagens are fundamental constituents of the extracellular matrix and are the most abundant proteins in mammals. Collagens belong to the family of fibrous or fiber-forming proteins that self-assemble into fibrils that define their mechanical properties and biological functions. Up to now, 28 members of the collagen superfamily have been recognized. Collagen biosynthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, where specific post-translational modification-glycosylation-is also carried out. The glycosylation of collagens is very specific and adds β-d-galactopyranose and β-d-Glcp-(1→2)-d-Galp disaccharide through β-O-linkage to hydroxylysine. Several glycosyltransferases, namely COLGALT1, COLGALT2, LH3, and PGGHG glucosidase, were associated the with glycosylation of collagens, and recently, the crystal structure of LH3 has been solved. Although not fully understood, it is clear that the glycosylation of collagens influences collagen secretion and the alignment of collagen fibrils. A growing body of evidence also associates the glycosylation of collagen with its functions and various human diseases. Recent progress in understanding collagen glycosylation allows for the exploitation of its therapeutic potential and the discovery of new agents. This review will discuss the relevant contributions to understanding the glycosylation of collagens. Then, glycosyltransferases involved in collagen glycosylation, their structure, and catalytic mechanism will be surveyed. Furthermore, the involvement of glycosylation in collagen functions and collagen glycosylation-related diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tvaroška
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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4
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Picker SM, Parker G, Gissen P. Features of Congenital Arthrogryposis Due to Abnormalities in Collagen Homeostasis, a Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13545. [PMID: 37686358 PMCID: PMC10487887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital arthrogryposis (CA) refers to the presence of multiple contractures at birth. It is a feature of several inherited syndromes, notable amongst them are disorders of collagen formation. This review aims to characterize disorders that directly or indirectly impact collagen structure and function leading to CA in search for common phenotypic or pathophysiological features, possible genotype-phenotype correlation, and potential novel treatment approaches based on a better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism. Nine genes, corresponding to five clinical phenotypes, were identified after a literature search. The most notable trend was the extreme phenotype variability. Clinical features across all syndromes ranged from subtle with minimal congenital contractures, to severe with multiple congenital contractures and extra-articular features including skin, respiratory, or other manifestations. Five of the identified genes were involved in the function of the Lysyl Hydroxylase 2 or 3 enzymes, which enable the hydroxylation and/or glycosylation of lysyl residues to allow the formation of the collagen superstructure. Whilst current treatment approaches are post-natal surgical correction, there are also potential in-utero therapies being developed. Cyclosporin A showed promise in treating collagen VI disorders although there is an associated risk of immunosuppression. The treatments that could be in the clinical trials soon are the splice correction therapies in collagen VI-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Parker
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Paul Gissen
- National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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5
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Mattoteia D, Chiapparino A, Fumagalli M, De Marco M, De Giorgi F, Negro L, Pinnola A, Faravelli S, Roscioli T, Scietti L, Forneris F. Identification of Regulatory Molecular "Hot Spots" for LH/PLOD Collagen Glycosyltransferase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11213. [PMID: 37446392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylysine glycosylations are post-translational modifications (PTMs) essential for the maturation and homeostasis of fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagen molecules. The multifunctional collagen lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3/PLOD3) and the collagen galactosyltransferase GLT25D1 are the human enzymes that have been identified as being responsible for the glycosylation of collagen lysines, although a precise description of the contribution of each enzyme to these essential PTMs has not yet been provided in the literature. LH3/PLOD3 is thought to be capable of performing two chemically distinct collagen glycosyltransferase reactions using the same catalytic site: an inverting beta-1,O-galactosylation of hydroxylysines (Gal-T) and a retaining alpha-1,2-glucosylation of galactosyl hydroxylysines (Glc-T). In this work, we have combined indirect luminescence-based assays with direct mass spectrometry-based assays and molecular structure studies to demonstrate that LH3/PLOD3 only has Glc-T activity and that GLT25D1 only has Gal-T activity. Structure-guided mutagenesis confirmed that the Glc-T activity is defined by key residues in the first-shell environment of the glycosyltransferase catalytic site as well as by long-range contributions from residues within the same glycosyltransferase (GT) domain. By solving the molecular structures and characterizing the interactions and solving the molecular structures of human LH3/PLOD3 in complex with different UDP-sugar analogs, we show how these studies could provide insights for LH3/PLOD3 glycosyltransferase inhibitor development. Collectively, our data provide new tools for the direct investigation of collagen hydroxylysine PTMs and a comprehensive overview of the complex network of shapes, charges, and interactions that enable LH3/PLOD3 glycosyltransferase activities, expanding the molecular framework and facilitating an improved understanding and manipulation of glycosyltransferase functions in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Mattoteia
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Chiapparino
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo De Marco
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca De Giorgi
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Negro
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberta Pinnola
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Faravelli
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tony Roscioli
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luigi Scietti
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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6
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A tapt1 knock-out zebrafish line with aberrant lens development and impaired vision models human early-onset cataract. Hum Genet 2023; 142:457-476. [PMID: 36697720 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bi-allelic mutations in the gene coding for human trans-membrane anterior-posterior transformation protein 1 (TAPT1) result in a broad phenotypic spectrum, ranging from syndromic disease with severe skeletal and congenital abnormalities to isolated early-onset cataract. We present here the first patient with a frameshift mutation in the TAPT1 gene, resulting in both bilateral early-onset cataract and skeletal abnormalities, in addition to several dysmorphic features, in this way further expanding the phenotypic spectrum associated with TAPT1 mutations. A tapt1a/tapt1b double knock-out (KO) zebrafish model generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing revealed an early larval phenotype with eye malformations, loss of vision, increased photokinetics and hyperpigmentation, without visible skeletal involvement. Ultrastructural analysis of the eyes showed a smaller condensed lens, loss of integrity of the lens capsule with formation of a secondary lens and hyperplasia of the cells in the ganglion and inner plexiform layers of the retina. Transcriptomic analysis pointed to an impaired lens development with aberrant expression of many of the crystallin and other lens-specific genes. Furthermore, the phototransduction and visual perception pathways were found to be significantly disturbed. Differences in light perception are likely the cause of the increased dark photokinetics and generalized hyperpigmentation observed in this zebrafish model. In conclusion, this study validates TAPT1 as a new gene for early-onset cataract and sheds light on its ultrastructural and molecular characteristics.
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7
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Modeling Reduced Contractility and Stiffness Using iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Generated From Female Becker Muscular Dystrophy Carrier. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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8
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Ishikawa Y, Taga Y, Coste T, Tufa SF, Keene DR, Mizuno K, Tournier-Lasserve E, Gould DB. Lysyl hydroxylase 3-mediated post-translational modifications are required for proper biosynthesis of collagen α1α1α2(IV). J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102713. [PMID: 36403858 PMCID: PMC9761383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the body and among the most biosynthetically complex. A molecular ensemble of over 20 endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins participates in collagen biosynthesis and contributes to heterogeneous post-translational modifications. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding collagens cause connective tissue disorders, including osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Gould syndrome (caused by mutations in COL4A1 and COL4A2), and pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins required for collagen biosynthesis can cause similar but overlapping clinical phenotypes. Notably, pathogenic variants in lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) cause a multisystem connective tissue disorder that exhibits pathophysiological features of collagen-related disorders. LH3 is a multifunctional collagen-modifying enzyme; however, its precise role(s) and substrate specificity during collagen biosynthesis has not been defined. To address this critical gap in knowledge, we generated LH3 KO cells and performed detailed quantitative and molecular analyses of collagen substrates. We found that LH3 deficiency severely impaired secretion of collagen α1α1α2(IV) but not collagens α1α1α2(I) or α1α1α1(III). Amino acid analysis revealed that LH3 is a selective LH for collagen α1α1α2(IV) but a general glucosyltransferase for collagens α1α1α2(IV), α1α1α2(I), and α1α1α1(III). Importantly, we identified rare variants that are predicted to be pathogenic in the gene encoding LH3 in two of 113 fetuses with intracranial hemorrhage-a cardinal feature of Gould syndrome. Collectively, our findings highlight a critical role of LH3 in α1α1α2(IV) biosynthesis and suggest that LH3 pathogenic variants might contribute to Gould syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, California, USA.
| | - Yuki Taga
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Thibault Coste
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm Neurodiderot, AP-HP Paris, France
| | - Sara F Tufa
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas B Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, California, USA; Department Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bakar Aging Research Institute, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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9
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Sarohi V, Srivastava S, Basak T. Comprehensive Mapping and Dynamics of Site-Specific Prolyl-Hydroxylation, Lysyl-Hydroxylation and Lysyl O-Glycosylation of Collagens Deposited in ECM During Zebrafish Heart Regeneration. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:892763. [PMID: 35782869 PMCID: PMC9245515 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.892763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis-mediated heart failure (HF) is one of the major forms of end-stage cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiac fibrosis is an adaptive response of the myocardium upon any insult/injury. Excessive deposition of collagen molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of fibrosis. This fibrotic response initially protects the myocardium from ventricular rupture. Although in mammals this fibrotic response progresses towards scar-tissue formation leading to HF, some fishes and urodeles have mastered the art of cardiac regeneration following injury-mediated fibrotic response. Zebrafish have a unique capability to regenerate the myocardium after post-amputation injury. Following post-amputation, the ECM of the zebrafish heart undergoes extensive remodeling and deposition of collagen. Being the most abundant protein of ECM, collagen plays important role in the assembly and cell-matrix interactions. However, the mechanism of ECM remodeling is not well understood. Collagen molecules undergo heavy post-translational modifications (PTMs) mainly hydroxylation of proline, lysine, and glycosylation of lysine during biosynthesis. The critical roles of these PTMs are emerging in several diseases, embryonic development, cell behavior regulation, and cell-matrix interactions. The site-specific identification of these collagen PTMs in zebrafish heart ECM is not known. As these highly modified peptides are not amenable to mass spectrometry (MS), the site-specific identification of these collagen PTMs is challenging. Here, we have implemented our in-house proteomics analytical pipeline to analyze two ECM proteomics datasets (PXD011627, PXD010092) of the zebrafish heart during regeneration (post-amputation). We report the first comprehensive site-specific collagen PTM map of zebrafish heart ECM. We have identified a total of 36 collagen chains (19 are reported for the first time here) harboring a total of 95 prolyl-3-hydroxylation, 108 hydroxylysine, 29 galactosyl-hydroxylysine, and 128 glucosylgalactosyl-hydroxylysine sites. Furthermore, we comprehensively map the three chains (COL1A1a, COL1A1b, and COL1A2) of collagen I, the most abundant protein in zebrafish heart ECM. We achieved more than 95% sequence coverage for all the three chains of collagen I. Our analysis also revealed the dynamics of prolyl-3-hydroxylation occupancy oscillations during heart regeneration at these sites. Moreover, quantitative site-specific analysis of lysine-O-glycosylation microheterogeneity during heart regeneration revealed a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of site-specific (K1017) glucosylgalactosyl-hydroxylysine on the col1a1a chain. Taken together, these site-specific PTM maps and the dynamic changes of site-specific collagen PTMs in ECM during heart regeneration will open up new avenues to decode ECM remodeling and may lay the foundation to tinker the cardiac regeneration process with new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sarohi
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Mandi, Mandi, India
- BioX Center, IIT-Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Shriya Srivastava
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Trayambak Basak
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Mandi, Mandi, India
- BioX Center, IIT-Mandi, Mandi, India
- *Correspondence: Trayambak Basak,
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10
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Gong S, Schopow N, Duan Y, Wu C, Kallendrusch S, Osterhoff G. PLOD Family: A Novel Biomarker for Prognosis and Personalized Treatment in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050787. [PMID: 35627171 PMCID: PMC9141206 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various treatment attempts, the heterogenous group of soft tissue sarcomata (STS) with more than 100 subtypes still shows poor outcomes. Therefore, effective biomarkers for prognosis prediction and personalized treatment are of high importance. The Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase (PLOD) gene family, which is related to multiple cancer entities, consists of three members which encode important enzymes for the formation of connective tissue. The relation to STS, however, has not yet been explored. In this study, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases were used to analyze the role of PLOD1–3 in STS. It was found that an overexpression of PLOD family members correlates with poor prognosis, which might be due to an increased infiltration of immune-related cells in the tumor microenvironment. In STS, the expression of PLOD genes could be a novel biomarker for prognosis and a personalized, more aggressive treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Gong
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.G.); (N.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Nikolas Schopow
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.G.); (N.S.); (S.K.)
- Sarcoma Center, Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Yingjuan Duan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Changwu Wu
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.G.); (N.S.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sonja Kallendrusch
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.G.); (N.S.); (S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Health and Medical University Potsdam, Olympischer Weg 1, 14471 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg Osterhoff
- Sarcoma Center, Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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11
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Downs M, Sethi MK, Raghunathan R, Layne MD, Zaia J. Matrisome changes in Parkinson's disease. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3005-3015. [PMID: 35112150 PMCID: PMC8944212 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, collectively known as the matrisome, include collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans. Alterations in the matrisome have been implicated in the neurodegenerative pathologies including Parkinson's disease (PD). In this work, we utilized our previously published PD and control proteomics data from human prefrontal cortex and focused our analysis on the matrisome. Among matrisome proteins, we observed a significant enrichment in the expression of type I collagen in PD vs. control samples. We then performed histological analysis on the same samples used for proteomics study, and examined collagen expression using picrosirius red staining. Interestingly, we observed similar trends in collagen abundance in PD vs. control as in our matrisome analysis; thus, this and other histological analyses will be useful as a complementary technique in the future to study the matrisome in PD with a larger cohort, and it may aid in choosing regions of interest for proteomic analysis. Additionally, collagen hydroxyprolination was less variable in PD compared to controls. Glycoproteomic changes in matrisome molecules were also observed in PD relative to aged individuals, especially related to type VI collagen and versican. We further examined the list of differentially expressed matrisome molecules using network topology-based analysis and found that angiogenesis indicated by alterations in decorin and several members of the collagen family was affected in PD. These findings collectively identified matrisome changes associated with PD; further studies with a larger cohort are required to validate the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Downs
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Manveen K Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rekha Raghunathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Matthew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University Medical Campus, 670 Albany St., Rm. 509, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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12
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Identification and In Silico Characterization of a Novel COLGALT2 Gene Variant in a Child with Mucosal Rectal Prolapse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073670. [PMID: 35409030 PMCID: PMC8999070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal prolapse is influenced by many factors including connective tissue dysfunction. Currently, there is no data about genetic contribution in the etiology of this disorder. In this study, we performed trio whole-exome sequencing in an 11-year-old girl with mucosal rectal prolapse and her parents and sibling. Genetic testing revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant c.1406G>T; p.G469V in exon 11 of the COLGALT2 gene encoding the GLT25 D2 enzyme. Sanger sequencing confirmed this variant only in the patient while the mother, father and sister showed a wild-type sequence. The pathogenicity of the novel variant was predicted using 10 different in silico tools that classified it as pathogenic. Further, in silico prediction, according to Phyre2, Project HOPE, I-Mutant3.0 and MutPred2 showed that the missense variant can decrease protein stability and cause alterations in the physical properties of amino acids resulting in structural and functional changes of the GLT25D2 protein. In conclusion, the present study identifies a previously unknown missense mutation in the COLGALT2 gene that encodes the enzyme involved in collagen glycosylation. The clinical features observed in the patient and the results of in silico analysis suggest that the new genetic variant can be pathogenic.
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13
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Gross SJ, Webb AM, Peterlin AD, Durrant JR, Judson RJ, Raza Q, Kitajewski JK, Kushner EJ. Notch regulates vascular collagen IV basement membrane through modulation of lysyl hydroxylase 3 trafficking. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:789-805. [PMID: 33956260 PMCID: PMC8487879 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type IV (Col IV) is a basement membrane protein associated with early blood vessel morphogenesis and is essential for blood vessel stability. Defects in vascular Col IV deposition are the basis of heritable disorders, such as small vessel disease, marked by cerebral hemorrhage and drastically shorten lifespan. To date, little is known about how endothelial cells regulate the intracellular transport and selective secretion of Col IV in response to angiogenic cues, leaving a void in our understanding of this critical process. Our aim was to identify trafficking pathways that regulate Col IV deposition during angiogenic blood vessel development. We have identified the GTPase Rab10 as a major regulator of Col IV vesicular trafficking during vascular development using both in vitro imaging and biochemistry as well as in vivo models. Knockdown of Rab10 reduced de novo Col IV secretion in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we determined that Rab10 is an indirect mediator of Col IV secretion, partnering with atypical Rab25 to deliver the enzyme lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) to Col IV-containing vesicles staged for secretion. Loss of Rab10 or Rab25 results in depletion of LH3 from Col IV-containing vesicles and rapid lysosomal degradation of Col IV. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rab10 is Notch responsive, indicating a novel connection between permissive Notch-based vessel maturation programs and vesicle trafficking. Our results illustrate both a new trafficking-based component in the regulated secretion of Col IV and how this vesicle trafficking program interfaces with Notch signaling to fine-tune basement membrane secretion during blood vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Amelia M Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Alek D Peterlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | | | - Rachel J Judson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Qanber Raza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
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14
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Collagen hydroxylysine glycosylation: non-conventional substrates for atypical glycosyltransferase enzymes. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:855-866. [PMID: 33704379 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers fundamental mechanical properties to tissues. To allow proper folding in triple-helices and organization in quaternary super-structures, collagen molecules require essential post-translational modifications (PTMs), including hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues, and subsequent attachment of glycan moieties (galactose and glucose) to specific hydroxylysine residues on procollagen alpha chains. The resulting galactosyl-hydroxylysine (Gal-Hyl) and less abundant glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine (Glc-Gal-Hyl) are amongst the simplest glycosylation patterns found in nature and are essential for collagen and ECM homeostasis. These collagen PTMs depend on the activity of specialized glycosyltransferase enzymes. Although their biochemical reactions have been widely studied, several key biological questions about the possible functions of these essential PTMs are still missing. In addition, the lack of three-dimensional structures of collagen glycosyltransferase enzymes hinders our understanding of the catalytic mechanisms producing this modification, as well as the impact of genetic mutations causing severe connective tissue pathologies. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical features of the enzymes involved in the production of collagen glycosylations and the current state-of-the-art methods for the identification and characterization of this important PTM.
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15
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Salo AM, Myllyharju J. Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases in collagen synthesis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:38-49. [PMID: 32969070 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix. They provide a framework to build organs and tissues and give structural support to make them resistant to mechanical load and forces. Several intra- and extracellular modifications are needed to make functional collagen molecules, intracellular post-translational modifications of proline and lysine residues having key roles in this. In this article, we provide a review on the enzymes responsible for the proline and lysine modifications, that is collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases, 3-hydroxylases and lysyl hydroxylases, and discuss their biological functions and involvement in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti M Salo
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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16
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Cudic M, Fields GB. Modulation of receptor binding to collagen by glycosylated 5-hydroxylysine: Chemical biology approaches made feasible by Carpino's Fmoc group. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020; 112. [PMID: 33073165 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The creation of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group by the Carpino laboratory facilitated the synthesis of peptides containing acid-sensitive groups, such as O-linked glycosides. To fully investigative collagen biochemistry, one needs to assemble peptides that possess glycosylated 5-hydroxylysine (Hyl). A convenient method for the synthesis of Fmoc-Hyl(ε-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc),O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS)) and efficient methods for the synthesis of Fmoc-Hyl[ε-Boc,O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)] have been developed. Glycosylated Fmoc-Hyl derivatives were used to construct a series of types I-IV collagen-model triple-helical peptides (THPs) that incorporated known or proposed receptor binding sites. Glycosylation of Hyl was found to strongly down-regulate the binding of CD44 and the α3β1 integrin to collagen, while the impact on α2β1 integrin binding was more modest. Molecular modeling of integrin binding indicated that Hyl glycosylation directly impacted the association between the α3β1 integrin metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) and the receptor binding site within type IV collagen. The Fmoc solid-phase strategy ultimately allowed for chemical biology approaches to be utilized to study tumor cell interactions with glycosylated collagen sequences and document the modulation of receptor interactions by Hyl posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maré Cudic
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 U.S.A
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 U.S.A
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17
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Taler K, Weiss O, Rotem-Bamberger S, Rubinstein AM, Seritrakul P, Gross JM, Inbal A. Lysyl hydroxylase 3 is required for normal lens capsule formation and maintenance of lens epithelium integrity and fate. Dev Biol 2019; 458:177-188. [PMID: 31669351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lens abnormalities are a major cause of reduced vision and blindness. One mechanism that can lead to reduced lens transparency, i.e. cataract, is abnormal behavior of lens epithelial cells (LECs), the precursors of the transparent lens fiber cells. Here we describe a zebrafish mutation causing the embryonic lens epithelium to generate cellular masses comprising partially differentiated lens fiber cells. We identify the mutant gene as plod3, which encodes for Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (Lh3), an enzyme essential for modification of collagens, including Collagen IV, a main component of the lens capsule. We show that plod3-deficient lenses have abnormal lens epithelium from an early developmental stage, as well as abnormal lens capsules. Subsequently, upregulation of TGFβ signaling takes place, which drives the formation of lens epithelial cellular masses. We identify a similar phenotype in Collagen IVα5-deficient embryos, suggesting a key role for the defective lens capsule in the pathogenesis. We propose that plod3 and col4a5 mutant zebrafish can serve as useful models for better understanding the biology of LECs during embryonic development and in formation of lens epithelium-derived cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kineret Taler
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Weiss
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pawat Seritrakul
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gross
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adi Inbal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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18
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Geister KA, Lopez-Jimenez AJ, Houghtaling S, Ho TH, Vanacore R, Beier DR. Loss of function of Colgalt1 disrupts collagen post-translational modification and causes musculoskeletal defects. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037176. [PMID: 31101663 PMCID: PMC6602307 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a screen for organogenesis defects in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutant mice, we discovered a line carrying a mutation in Colgalt1 [collagen beta(1-O)galactosyltransferase type 1], which is required for proper galactosylation of hydroxylysine residues in a number of collagens. Colgalt1 mutant embryos have not been previously characterized; here, we show that they exhibit skeletal and muscular defects. Analysis of mutant-derived embryonic fibroblasts reveals that COLGALT1 acts on collagen IV and VI, and, while collagen VI appears stable and its secretion is not affected, collagen IV accumulates inside of cells and within the extracellular matrix, possibly due to instability and increased degradation. We also generated mutant zebrafish that do not express the duplicated orthologs of mammalian Colgalt1. The double-homozygote mutants have muscle defects; they are viable through the larvae stage but do not survive to 10 days post-fertilization. We hypothesize that the Colgalt1 mutant could serve as a model of a human connective tissue disorder and/or congenital muscular dystrophy or myopathy. Summary: The authors characterized a novel mouse mutant that has a defect in collagen glycosylation, which appears to affect muscle development. There is very little functional characterization of the affected gene, but this study provides analysis of its embryonic phenotype and the biochemistry of the null mutant, as well as the phenotype of null-mutant zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Geister
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alberto Jose Lopez-Jimenez
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Scott Houghtaling
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Tzu-Hua Ho
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Roberto Vanacore
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David R Beier
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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19
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PLOD3 suppression exerts an anti-tumor effect on human lung cancer cells by modulating the PKC-delta signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:156. [PMID: 30770789 PMCID: PMC6377650 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current lung cancer treatments are far from satisfactory; thus, finding novel treatment targets is crucial. We recently identified procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3 (PLOD3), which is involved in fibrosis and tissue remodeling as a radioresistance-related protein in lung cancer cells; however, its mechanism is unclear. In this study, we designed human PLOD3-specific short interfering (si)RNAs and tested their effects on tumor growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. PLOD3 knockdown overcame chemoresistance and decreased radioresistance by inducing caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, PLOD3 interacted with PKCδ to activate caspase-2,4-dependent apoptosis through ER-stress-induced IRE1α activation and the downstream unfolded-protein response pathway. In a mouse xenograft model, PLOD3 knockdown promoted radiation-induced tumor growth inhibition, without side effects. Moreover, lung cancer patients with high PLOD3 expression showed poorer prognosis than those with low PLOD3 expression upon radiotherapy, suggesting that PLOD3 promotes tumor growth. Therefore, PLOD3 siRNA suppresses radioresistance and chemoresistance by inducing apoptosis and renders PLOD3 as a candidate lung cancer biomarker. PLOD3 gene therapy might enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.
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20
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Abstract
Fibrillar type I collagen is the most abundant structural protein in most tissues and organs. One of the unique and functionally important characteristics of collagen is sequential posttranslational modifications of lysine (Lys) residues. In the endoplasmic reticulum, hydroxylation of specific Lys occurs producing 5-hydroxylysine (Hyl). Then, to the 5-hydroxyl group of Hyl, a single galactose unit can be attached to form galactosyl-Hyl (Gal-Hyl) and further glucose can be added to Gal-Hyl to form glucosylgalactosyl-Hyl (GlcGal-Hyl). These are the only two O-linked glycosides found in mature type I collagen. It has been shown that this modification is critically involved in a number of biological and pathological processes likely through its regulatory roles in collagen fibrillogenesis, intermolecular cross-linking, and collagen-cell interaction. Recently, with the advances in molecular/cell biology and analytical chemistry, the molecular mechanisms of collagen glycosylation have been gradually deciphered, and the type and extent of glycosylation at the specific molecular loci can now be quantitatively analyzed. In this chapter, we describe quantitative analysis of collagen glycosylation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and semiquantitative, site-specific analysis by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Marnisa Sricholpech
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Miyatake S, Schneeberger S, Koyama N, Yokochi K, Ohmura K, Shiina M, Mori H, Koshimizu E, Imagawa E, Uchiyama Y, Mitsuhashi S, Frith MC, Fujita A, Satoh M, Taguri M, Tomono Y, Takahashi K, Doi H, Takeuchi H, Nakashima M, Mizuguchi T, Takata A, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Tanaka F, Ogata K, Hennet T, Matsumoto N. Biallelic COLGALT1 variants are associated with cerebral small vessel disease. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:843-853. [PMID: 30412317 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 5% of cerebral small vessel diseases are hereditary, which include COL4A1/COL4A2-related disorders. COL4A1/COL4A2 encode type IV collagen α1/2 chains in the basement membranes of cerebral vessels. COL4A1/COL4A2 mutations impair the secretion of collagen to the extracellular matrix, thereby resulting in vessel fragility. The diagnostic yield for COL4A1/COL4A2 variants is around 20 to 30%, suggesting other mutated genes might be associated with this disease. This study aimed to identify novel genes that cause COL4A1/COL4A2-related disorders. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in 2 families with suspected COL4A1/COL4A2-related disorders. We validated the role of COLGALT1 variants by constructing a 3-dimensional structural model, evaluating collagen β (1-O) galactosyltransferase 1 (ColGalT1) protein expression and ColGalT activity by Western blotting and collagen galactosyltransferase assays, and performing in vitro RNA interference and rescue experiments. RESULTS Exome sequencing demonstrated biallelic variants in COLGALT1 encoding ColGalT1, which was involved in the post-translational modification of type IV collagen in 2 unrelated patients: c.452 T > G (p.Leu151Arg) and c.1096delG (p.Glu366Argfs*15) in Patient 1, and c.460G > C (p.Ala154Pro) and c.1129G > C (p.Gly377Arg) in Patient 2. Three-dimensional model analysis suggested that p.Leu151Arg and p.Ala154Pro destabilized protein folding, which impaired enzymatic activity. ColGalT1 protein expression and ColGalT activity in Patient 1 were undetectable. RNA interference studies demonstrated that reduced ColGalT1 altered COL4A1 secretion, and rescue experiments showed that mutant COLGALT1 insufficiently restored COL4A1 production in cells compared with wild type. INTERPRETATION Biallelic COLGALT1 variants cause cerebral small vessel abnormalities through a common molecular pathogenesis with COL4A1/COL4A2-related disorders. Ann Neurol 2018;84:843-853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Norihisa Koyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokochi
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kayo Ohmura
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Morinomiya Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Harushi Mori
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eri Imagawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Martin C Frith
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.,Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mai Satoh
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Data Science, Yokohama City University School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tomono
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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22
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Qi Y, Xu R. Roles of PLODs in Collagen Synthesis and Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:66. [PMID: 30003082 PMCID: PMC6031748 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major component of extracellular matrix. Collagen cross-link and deposition depend on lysyl hydroxylation, which is catalyzed by procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD). Aberrant lysyl hydroxylation and collagen cross-link contributes to the progression of many collagen-related diseases, such as fibrosis and cancer. Three lysyl hydroxylases (LH1, LH2, and LH3) are identified, encoded by PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3 genes. Expression of PLODs is regulated by multiple cytokines, transcription factors and microRNAs. Dysregulation of PLODs promotes cancer progression and metastasis, suggesting that targeting PLODs is potential strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the investigation of function and regulation of PLODs in normal tissue development and disease progression, especially in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ren Xu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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23
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Crossman DJ, Shen X, Jüllig M, Munro M, Hou Y, Middleditch M, Shrestha D, Li A, Lal S, Dos Remedios CG, Baddeley D, Ruygrok PN, Soeller C. Increased collagen within the transverse tubules in human heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:879-891. [PMID: 28444133 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In heart failure transverse-tubule (t-tubule) remodelling disrupts calcium release, and contraction. T-tubules in human failing hearts exhibit increased labelling by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a lectin that binds to the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. We hypothesized changes in this complex may explain the increased WGA labelling and contribute to t-tubule remodelling in the failing human heart. In this study we sought to identify the molecules responsible for this increased WGA labelling. Methods and results Confocal and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and proteomic analyses were used to quantify left ventricle samples from healthy donors and patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). Confocal microscopy demonstrated both WGA and dystrophin were located at t-tubules. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that WGA labelling of t-tubules is largely located within the lumen while dystrophin was restricted to near the sarcolemma. Western blots probed with WGA reveal a 5.7-fold increase in a 140 kDa band in IDCM. Mass spectrometry identified this band as type VI collagen (Col-VI) comprised of α1(VI), α2(VI), and α3(VI) chains. Pertinently, mutations in Col-VI cause muscular dystrophy. Western blotting identified a 2.4-fold increased expression and 3.2-fold increased WGA binding of Col-VI in IDCM. Confocal images showed that Col-VI is located in the t-tubules and that their diameter increased in the IDCM samples. Super-resolution imaging revealed Col-VI was restricted to the t-tubule lumen where increases were associated with displacement in the sarcolemma as identified from dystrophin labelling. Samples were also labelled for type I, III, and IV collagen. Both confocal and super-resolution imaging identified that these collagens were also present within t-tubule lumen. Conclusion Increased expression and labelling of collagen in IDCM samples indicates fibrosis may contribute to t-tubule remodelling in human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Crossman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mia Jüllig
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Munro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yufeng Hou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Martin Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Darshan Shrestha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Amy Li
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Fisher Road Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Fisher Road Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - David Baddeley
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, West Campus, 300 Heffernan Drive, Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Peter N Ruygrok
- Department of Cardiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Christian Soeller
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Living Systems Institute and Biomedical Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4QL, UK
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Roumazeilles L, Dokalis N, Kaulich E, Lelievre V. It is all about the support - The role of the extracellular matrix in regenerating axon guidance. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:87-92. [PMID: 29376473 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1291481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known for long time that the peripheral nervous system has the capacity for self-regeneration, the molecular mechanisms by which Schwann cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) guide the injured axons to regrow along their original path, remains a poorly understood process. Due to the importance of ECM molecules during development, constitutive mutant organisms display increased lethality, therefore, conditional or inducible strategies have been used to increase the survival of the organisms and allow the study of the role of ECM proteins. In a recent report published in Neuron, Isaacman-Beck and colleagues (2015) used these pioneering genetic studies on zebrafish combined with in vivo fluorescent imaging, to investigate the micro-environmental conditions required for targeted regeneration of the dorsal motor nerve of zebrafish larvae after laser-transection. A candidate gene approach targeting lh3 basal laminar collagen substrates revealed that the lh3 substrate col4α5 regulates dorsal nerve regeneration by destabilizing misdirected axons. Col4α5 was upregulated in a small population of lh3 expressing Schwann cells located ventrally and ventro-laterally to the injury site and found to co-localize with the molecule slit guidance ligand 1 (slit1a). Capitalizing on the crucial observations of mistargeted regeneration of dorsal nerves in mutant larvae, they put forward a model in which Schwann cells shape an environment that allows and directs axonal regeneration to their original synaptic target. In the light of Isaacman-Beck and colleagues (2015) findings, we will review how their study contributes to the research field, and comment on its potential implications for promoting nerve regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Roumazeilles
- a Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg-France , Strasbourg , France
| | - Nikolaos Dokalis
- a Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg-France , Strasbourg , France
| | - Eva Kaulich
- a Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg-France , Strasbourg , France
| | - Vincent Lelievre
- a Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg-France , Strasbourg , France
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25
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The role of TGFβ in wound healing pathologies. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:51-58. [PMID: 29132871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is one of the most complex processes in multicellular organisms, involving numerous intra- and intercellular signalling pathways in various cell types. It involves extensive communication between the cellular constituents of diverse skin compartments and its extracellular matrix. Miscommunication during healing may have two distinct damaging consequences: the development of a chronic wound or the formation of a hypertrophic scar/keloid. Chronic wounds are defined as barrier defects that have not proceeded through orderly and timely reparation to regain structural and functional integrity. Several growth factors are involved in wound healing, of which transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is of particular importance for all phases of this procedure. It exerts pleiotropic effects on wound healing by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix production, and modulating the immune response. In this review we are presenting the role of TGFβ in physiological and pathological wound healing. We show that the context-dependent nature of the TGFβ signaling pathways on wound healing is the biggest challenge in order to gain a therapeutically applicable comprehensive knowledge of their specific involvement in chronic wounds.
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Chioran A, Duncan S, Catalano A, Brown TJ, Ringuette MJ. Collagen IV trafficking: The inside-out and beyond story. Dev Biol 2017; 431:124-133. [PMID: 28982537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen IV networks endow basement membranes (BMs) with remarkable tensile strength and function as morphoregulatory substrata for diverse tissue-specific developmental events. A complex repertoire of intracellular and extracellular molecular interactions are required for collagen IV secretion and supramolecular assembly into BMs. These include intracellular chaperones such as Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) and the chaperone-binding trafficking protein Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (Tango1). Mutations in these proteins lead to compromised collagen IV protomer stability and secretion, leading to defective BM assembly and function. In addition to intracellular chaperones, a role for extracellular chaperones orchestrating the transport, supramolecular assembly, and architecture of collagen IV in BM is emerging. We present evidence derived from evolutionarily distant model organisms that supports an extracellular collagen IV chaperone-like activity for the matricellular protein SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic, Rich in Cysteine). Loss of SPARC disrupts BM homeostasis and compromises tissue biomechanics and physiological function. Thus, the combined contributions of intracellular and extracellular collagen IV-associated chaperones and chaperone-like proteins are critical to ensure proper secretion and stereotypic assembly of collagen IV networks in BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Chioran
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Sebastian Duncan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | | | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurice J Ringuette
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5.
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Crossman DJ, Jayasinghe ID, Soeller C. Transverse tubule remodelling: a cellular pathology driven by both sides of the plasmalemma? Biophys Rev 2017; 9:919-929. [PMID: 28695473 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transverse (t)-tubules are invaginations of the plasma membrane that form a complex network of ducts, 200-400 nm in diameter depending on the animal species, that penetrates deep within the cardiac myocyte, where they facilitate a fast and synchronous contraction across the entire cell volume. There is now a large body of evidence in animal models and humans demonstrating that pathological distortion of the t-tubule structure has a causative role in the loss of myocyte contractility that underpins many forms of heart failure. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms of pathological t-tubule remodelling to date have focused on proteins residing in the intracellular aspect of t-tubule membrane that form linkages between the membrane and myocyte cytoskeleton. In this review, we shed light on the mechanisms of t-tubule remodelling which are not limited to the intracellular side. Our recent data have demonstrated that collagen is an integral part of the t-tubule network and that it increases within the tubules in heart failure, suggesting that a fibrotic mechanism could drive cardiac junctional remodelling. We examine the evidence that the linkages between the extracellular matrix, t-tubule membrane and cellular cytoskeleton should be considered as a whole when investigating the mechanisms of t-tubule pathology in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Crossman
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | - Christian Soeller
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Biomedical Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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28
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Gruber R, Rogerson C, Windpassinger C, Banushi B, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Hanley J, Forneris F, Strohal R, Ulz P, Crumrine D, Menon GK, Blunder S, Schmuth M, Müller T, Smith H, Mills K, Kroisel P, Janecke AR, Gissen P. Autosomal Recessive Keratoderma-Ichthyosis-Deafness (ARKID) Syndrome Is Caused by VPS33B Mutations Affecting Rab Protein Interaction and Collagen Modification. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:845-854. [PMID: 28017832 PMCID: PMC5358661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report three patients with severe palmoplantar keratoderma associated with ichthyosis and sensorineural deafness. Biallelic mutations were found in VPS33B, encoding VPS33B, a Sec1/Munc18 family protein that interacts with Rab11a and Rab25 proteins and is involved in trafficking of the collagen-modifying enzyme LH3. Two patients were homozygous for the missense variant p.Gly131Glu, whereas one patient was compound heterozygous for p.Gly131Glu and the splice site mutation c.240-1G>C, previously reported in patients with arthrogryposis renal dysfunction and cholestasis syndrome. We demonstrated the pathogenicity of variant p.Gly131Glu by assessing the interactions of the mutant VPS33B construct and its ability to traffic LH3. Compared with wild-type VPS33B, the p.Gly131Glu mutant VPS33B had reduced coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization with Rab11a and Rab25 and did not rescue LH3 trafficking. Confirming the cell-based experiments, we found deficient LH3-specific collagen lysine modifications in patients' urine and skin fibroblasts. Additionally, the epidermal ultrastructure of the p.Gly131Glu patients mirrored defects in tamoxifen-inducible VPS33B-deficient Vps33bfl/fl-ERT2 mice. Both patients and murine models revealed an impaired epidermal structure, ascribed to aberrant secretion of lamellar bodies, which are essential for epidermal barrier formation. Our results demonstrate that p.Gly131Glu mutant VPS33B causes an autosomal recessive keratoderma-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome.
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Key Words
- arc, arthrogryposis renal dysfunction and cholestasis
- arkid, autosomal recessive keratoderma-ichthyosis-deafness
- co-ip, co-immunoprecipitation
- corvet, core vacuole/endosome tethering
- hops, homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting
- lb, lamellar body
- mimcd3, murine inner medullary collecting duct 3
- ppk, palmoplantar keratoderma
- snp, single nucleotide polymorphism
- vws, vohwinkel syndrome
- wt, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clare Rogerson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Blerida Banushi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Straatman-Iwanowska
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna Hanley
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Robert Strohal
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Peter Ulz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Holly Smith
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Kroisel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Paul Gissen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Inherited Metabolic Diseases Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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29
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Korneenko TV, Pestov NB, Hurski AL, Fedarkevich AM, Shmanai VV, Brenna JT, Shchepinov MS. A strong developmental isotope effect in Caenorhabditis elegans induced by 5,5-deuterated lysine. Amino Acids 2017; 49:887-894. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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30
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Gjaltema RAF, Bank RA. Molecular insights into prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation of fibrillar collagens in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 52:74-95. [PMID: 28006962 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1269716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a macromolecule that has versatile roles in physiology, ranging from structural support to mediating cell signaling. Formation of mature collagen fibrils out of procollagen α-chains requires a variety of enzymes and chaperones in a complex process spanning both intracellular and extracellular post-translational modifications. These processes include modifications of amino acids, folding of procollagen α-chains into a triple-helical configuration and subsequent stabilization, facilitation of transportation out of the cell, cleavage of propeptides, aggregation, cross-link formation, and finally the formation of mature fibrils. Disruption of any of the proteins involved in these biosynthesis steps potentially result in a variety of connective tissue diseases because of a destabilized extracellular matrix. In this review, we give a revised overview of the enzymes and chaperones currently known to be relevant to the conversion of lysine and proline into hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, respectively, and the O-glycosylation of hydroxylysine and give insights into the consequences when these steps are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A F Gjaltema
- a MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Bank
- a MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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31
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Effects of glycosylated (2S,4R)-hydroxyproline on the stability and assembly of collagen triple helices. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2765-2772. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Banushi B, Forneris F, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Strange A, Lyne AM, Rogerson C, Burden JJ, Heywood WE, Hanley J, Doykov I, Straatman KR, Smith H, Bem D, Kriston-Vizi J, Ariceta G, Risteli M, Wang C, Ardill RE, Zaniew M, Latka-Grot J, Waddington SN, Howe SJ, Ferraro F, Gjinovci A, Lawrence S, Marsh M, Girolami M, Bozec L, Mills K, Gissen P. Regulation of post-Golgi LH3 trafficking is essential for collagen homeostasis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12111. [PMID: 27435297 PMCID: PMC4961739 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications are necessary for collagen precursor molecules (procollagens) to acquire final shape and function. However, the mechanism and contribution of collagen modifications that occur outside the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi are not understood. We discovered that VIPAR, with its partner proteins, regulate sorting of lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3, also known as PLOD3) into newly identified post-Golgi collagen IV carriers and that VIPAR-dependent sorting is essential for modification of lysines in multiple collagen types. Identification of structural and functional collagen abnormalities in cells and tissues from patients and murine models of the autosomal recessive multisystem disorder Arthrogryposis, Renal dysfunction and Cholestasis syndrome caused by VIPAR and VPS33B deficiencies confirmed our findings. Thus, regulation of post-Golgi LH3 trafficking is essential for collagen homeostasis and for the development and function of multiple organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Federico Forneris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9/A – 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Division of Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adam Strange
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Lyne
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Clare Rogerson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jemima J. Burden
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wendy E. Heywood
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Joanna Hanley
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kornelis R. Straatman
- Centre for Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Holly Smith
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Danai Bem
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, 119-129-08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maija Risteli
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu 90029, Finland
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | | | | | - Julita Latka-Grot
- Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, 20 Dzieci Polskich Avenue, Poland
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - S. J. Howe
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Francesco Ferraro
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Asllan Gjinovci
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Scott Lawrence
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Marsh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Girolami
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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33
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Kellokumpu S, Hassinen A, Glumoff T. Glycosyltransferase complexes in eukaryotes: long-known, prevalent but still unrecognized. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:305-25. [PMID: 26474840 PMCID: PMC7079781 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most common and complex cellular modification of proteins and lipids. It is critical for multicellular life and its abrogation often leads to a devastating disease. Yet, the underlying mechanistic details of glycosylation in both health and disease remain unclear. Partly, this is due to the complexity and dynamicity of glycan modifications, and the fact that not all the players are taken into account. Since late 1960s, a vast number of studies have demonstrated that glycosyltransferases typically form homomeric and heteromeric complexes with each other in yeast, plant and animal cells. To propagate their acceptance, we will summarize here accumulated data for their prevalence and potential functional importance for glycosylation focusing mainly on their mutual interactions, the protein domains mediating these interactions, and enzymatic activity changes that occur upon complex formation. Finally, we will highlight the few existing 3D structures of these enzyme complexes to pinpoint their individual nature and to emphasize that their lack is the main obstacle for more detailed understanding of how these enzyme complexes interact and function in a eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, 90220, Oulu, Finland
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34
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Basak T, Vega-Montoto L, Zimmerman LJ, Tabb DL, Hudson BG, Vanacore RM. Comprehensive Characterization of Glycosylation and Hydroxylation of Basement Membrane Collagen IV by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:245-58. [PMID: 26593852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collagen IV is the main structural protein that provides a scaffold for assembly of basement membrane proteins. Posttranslational modifications such as hydroxylation of proline and lysine and glycosylation of lysine are essential for the functioning of collagen IV triple-helical molecules. These modifications are highly abundant posing a difficult challenge for in-depth characterization of collagen IV using conventional proteomics approaches. Herein, we implemented an integrated pipeline combining high-resolution mass spectrometry with different fragmentation techniques and an optimized bioinformatics workflow to study posttranslational modifications in mouse collagen IV. We achieved 82% sequence coverage for the α1 chain, mapping 39 glycosylated hydroxylysine, 148 4-hydroxyproline, and seven 3-hydroxyproline residues. Further, we employed our pipeline to map the modifications on human collagen IV and achieved 85% sequence coverage for the α1 chain, mapping 35 glycosylated hydroxylysine, 163 4-hydroxyproline, and 14 3-hydroxyproline residues. Although lysine glycosylation heterogeneity was observed in both mouse and human, 21 conserved sites were identified. Likewise, five 3-hydroxyproline residues were conserved between mouse and human, suggesting that these modification sites are important for collagen IV function. Collectively, these are the first comprehensive maps of hydroxylation and glycosylation sites in collagen IV, which lay the foundation for dissecting the key role of these modifications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayambak Basak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lorenzo Vega-Montoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lisa J Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David L Tabb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Roberto M Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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35
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Isaacman-Beck J, Schneider V, Franzini-Armstrong C, Granato M. The lh3 Glycosyltransferase Directs Target-Selective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Neuron 2015; 88:691-703. [PMID: 26549330 PMCID: PMC4655140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional PNS regeneration requires injured axons to return to their original synaptic targets, yet the mechanisms underlying target-selective regeneration have remained elusive. Using live-cell imaging in zebrafish we find that regenerating motor axons exhibit a strong preference for their original muscle territory and that axons probe both correct and incorrect trajectories extensively before selecting their original path. We show that this process requires the glycosyltransferase lh3 and that post-injury expression of lh3 in Schwann cells is sufficient to restore target-selective regeneration. Moreover, we demonstrate that Schwann cells neighboring the transection site express the lh3 substrate collagen4a5 and that during regeneration collagen4a5 destabilizes axons probing inappropriate trajectories to ensure target-selective regeneration, possibly through the axonal repellant slit1a. Our results demonstrate that selective ECM components match subpopulations of regenerating axons with their original targets and reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism that conveys synaptic target selection to regenerating axons in vivo. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Isaacman-Beck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Valerie Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Clara Franzini-Armstrong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA.
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Mao M, Alavi MV, Labelle-Dumais C, Gould DB. Type IV Collagens and Basement Membrane Diseases. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:61-116. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Risteli M, Ruotsalainen H, Bergmann U, Venkatraman Girija U, Wallis R, Myllylä R. Lysyl hydroxylase 3 modifies lysine residues to facilitate oligomerization of mannan-binding lectin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113498. [PMID: 25419660 PMCID: PMC4242627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) is a multifunctional protein with lysyl hydroxylase, galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase activities. The LH3 has been shown to modify the lysine residues both in collagens and also in some collagenous proteins. In this study we show for the first time that LH3 is essential for catalyzing formation of the glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysines of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the first component of the lectin pathway of complement activation. Furthermore, loss of the terminal glucose units on the derivatized lysine residues in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking the LH3 protein leads to defective disulphide bonding and oligomerization of rat MBL-A, with a decrease in the proportion of the larger functional MBL oligomers. The oligomerization could be completely restored with the full length LH3 or the amino-terminal fragment of LH3 that possesses the glycosyltransferase activities. Our results confirm that LH3 is the only enzyme capable of glucosylating the galactosylhydroxylysine residues in proteins with a collagenous domain. In mice lacking the lysyl hydroxylase activity of LH3, but with untouched galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase activities, reduced circulating MBL-A levels were observed. Oligomerization was normal, however and residual lysyl hydroxylation was compensated in part by other lysyl hydroxylase isoenzymes. Our data suggest that LH3 is commonly involved in biosynthesis of collagenous proteins and the glucosylation of galactosylhydroxylysines residues by LH3 is crucial for the formation of the functional high-molecular weight MBL oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Risteli
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Heli Ruotsalainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Russell Wallis
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raili Myllylä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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The collagenopathies: review of clinical phenotypes and molecular correlations. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014; 16:394. [PMID: 24338780 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-013-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic defects of collagen formation (the collagenopathies) affect almost every organ system and tissue in the body. They can be grouped by clinical phenotype, which usually correlates with the tissue distribution of the affected collagen subtype. Many of these conditions present in childhood; however, milder phenotypes presenting in adulthood are increasingly recognized. Many are difficult to differentiate clinically. Precise diagnosis by means of genetic testing assists in providing prognosis information, family counseling, and individualized treatment. This review provides an overview of the current range of clinical presentations associated with collagen defects, and the molecular mechanisms important to understanding how the results of genetic testing affect medical care.
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Cabral WA, Perdivara I, Weis M, Terajima M, Blissett AR, Chang W, Perosky JE, Makareeva EN, Mertz EL, Leikin S, Tomer KB, Kozloff KM, Eyre DR, Yamauchi M, Marini JC. Abnormal type I collagen post-translational modification and crosslinking in a cyclophilin B KO mouse model of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004465. [PMID: 24968150 PMCID: PMC4072593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin B (CyPB), encoded by PPIB, is an ER-resident peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) that functions independently and as a component of the collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex. CyPB is proposed to be the major PPIase catalyzing the rate-limiting step in collagen folding. Mutations in PPIB cause recessively inherited osteogenesis imperfecta type IX, a moderately severe to lethal bone dysplasia. To investigate the role of CyPB in collagen folding and post-translational modifications, we generated Ppib−/− mice that recapitulate the OI phenotype. Knock-out (KO) mice are small, with reduced femoral areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) and mechanical properties, as well as increased femoral brittleness. Ppib transcripts are absent in skin, fibroblasts, femora and calvarial osteoblasts, and CyPB is absent from KO osteoblasts and fibroblasts on western blots. Only residual (2–11%) collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation is detectable in KO cells and tissues. Collagen folds more slowly in the absence of CyPB, supporting its rate-limiting role in folding. However, treatment of KO cells with cyclosporine A causes further delay in folding, indicating the potential existence of another collagen PPIase. We confirmed and extended the reported role of CyPB in supporting collagen lysyl hydroxylase (LH1) activity. Ppib−/− fibroblast and osteoblast collagen has normal total lysyl hydroxylation, while increased collagen diglycosylation is observed. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of bone and osteoblast type I collagen revealed site-specific alterations of helical lysine hydroxylation, in particular, significantly reduced hydroxylation of helical crosslinking residue K87. Consequently, underhydroxylated forms of di- and trivalent crosslinks are strikingly increased in KO bone, leading to increased total crosslinks and decreased helical hydroxylysine- to lysine-derived crosslink ratios. The altered crosslink pattern was associated with decreased collagen deposition into matrix in culture, altered fibril structure in tissue, and reduced bone strength. These studies demonstrate novel consequences of the indirect regulatory effect of CyPB on collagen hydroxylation, impacting collagen glycosylation, crosslinking and fibrillogenesis, which contribute to maintaining bone mechanical properties. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is characterized by susceptibility to fractures from minimal trauma and growth deficiency. Deficiency of components of the collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex, CRTAP, P3H1 and CyPB, cause recessive types VII, VIII and IX OI, respectively. We have previously shown that mutual protection within the endoplasmic reticulum accounts for the overlapping severe phenotype of patients with CRTAP and P3H1 mutations. However, the bone dysplasia in patients with CyPB deficiency is distinct in terms of phenotype and type I collagen biochemistry. Using a knock-out mouse model of type IX OI, we have demonstrated that CyPB is the major, although not unique, peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in collagen folding. CyPB is also required for activity of the collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex; collagen α1(I) P986 modification is lost in the absence of CyPB. Unexpectedly, CyPB was found to also influence collagen helical lysyl hydroxylation in a tissue-, cell- and residue-specific manner. Thus CyPB facilitates collagen folding directly, but also indirectly regulates collagen hydroxylation, glycosylation, crosslinking and fibrillogenesis through its interactions with other collagen modifying enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A. Cabral
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Irina Perdivara
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela R. Blissett
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weizhong Chang
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Perosky
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Elena N. Makareeva
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Mertz
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Kozloff
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David R. Eyre
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joan C. Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Allele-specific Gene Silencing of Mutant mRNA Restores Cellular Function in Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Fibroblasts. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e171. [PMID: 24959844 PMCID: PMC4078762 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is an inherited muscle disorder characterized clinically by muscle weakness, distal joint hyperlaxity, and proximal joint contractures. Sporadic and recessive mutations in the three collagen VI genes, COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3, are reported to be causative. In the sporadic forms, a heterozygous point mutation causing glycine substitution in the triple helical domain has been identified in higher rate. In this study, we examined the efficacy of siRNAs, which target point mutation site, on specific knockdown toward transcripts from mutant allele and evaluated consequent cellular phenotype of UCMD fibroblasts. We evaluated the effect of siRNAs targeted to silence-specific COL6A1 alleles in UCMD fibroblasts, where simultaneous expression of both wild-type and mutant collagen VI resulted in defective collagen localization. Addition of mutant-specific siRNAs allowed normal extracellular localization of collagen VI surrounding fibroblasts, suggesting selective inhibition of mutant collagen VI. Targeting the single-nucleotide COL6A1 c.850G>A (p.G284R) mutation responsible a sporadic autosomal dominant form of UCMD can potently and selectively block expression of mutant collagen VI. These results suggest that allele-specific knockdown of the mutant mRNA can potentially be considered as a therapeutic procedure in UCMD due to COL6A1 point mutations.
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Witsch TJ, Turowski P, Sakkas E, Niess G, Becker S, Herold S, Mayer K, Vadász I, Roberts JD, Seeger W, Morty RE. Deregulation of the lysyl hydroxylase matrix cross-linking system in experimental and clinical bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L246-59. [PMID: 24285264 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00109.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common and serious complication of premature birth, characterized by a pronounced arrest of alveolar development. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood although perturbations to the maturation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are emerging as candidate disease pathomechanisms. In this study, the expression and regulation of three members of the lysyl hydroxylase family of ECM remodeling enzymes (Plod1, Plod2, and Plod3) in clinical BPD, as well as in an experimental animal model of BPD, were addressed. All three enzymes were localized to the septal walls in developing mouse lungs, with Plod1 also expressed in the vessel walls of the developing lung and Plod3 expressed uniquely at the base of developing septa. The expression of plod1, plod2, and plod3 was upregulated in the lungs of mouse pups exposed to 85% O2, an experimental animal model of BPD. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β increased plod2 mRNA levels and activated the plod2 promoter in vitro in lung epithelial cells and in lung fibroblasts. Using in vivo neutralization of TGF-β signaling in the experimental animal model of BPD, TGF-β was identified as the regulator of aberrant plod2 expression. PLOD2 mRNA expression was also elevated in human neonates who died with BPD or at risk for BPD, compared with neonates matched for gestational age at birth or chronological age at death. These data point to potential roles for lysyl hydroxylases in normal lung development, as well as in perturbed late lung development associated with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo J Witsch
- Dept. of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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Eisinger-Mathason TSK, Zhang M, Qiu Q, Skuli N, Nakazawa MS, Karakasheva T, Mucaj V, Shay JES, Stangenberg L, Sadri N, Puré E, Yoon SS, Kirsch DG, Simon MC. Hypoxia-dependent modification of collagen networks promotes sarcoma metastasis. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:1190-205. [PMID: 23906982 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intratumoral hypoxia and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) correlate with metastasis and poor survival in patients with sarcoma. We show here that hypoxia controls sarcoma metastasis through a novel mechanism wherein HIF-1α enhances expression of the intracellular enzyme procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2). We show that loss of HIF-1α or PLOD2 expression disrupts collagen modification, cell migration, and pulmonary metastasis (but not primary tumor growth) in allograft and autochthonous LSL-Kras(G12D/+); Trp53(fl/fl) murine sarcoma models. Furthermore, ectopic PLOD2 expression restores migration and metastatic potential in HIF-1α-deficient tumors, and analysis of human sarcomas reveals elevated HIF1A and PLOD2 expression in metastatic primary lesions. Pharmacologic inhibition of PLOD enzymatic activity suppresses metastases. Collectively, these data indicate that HIF-1α controls sarcoma metastasis through PLOD2-dependent collagen modification and organization in primary tumors. We conclude that PLOD2 is a novel therapeutic target in sarcomas and successful inhibition of this enzyme may reduce tumor cell dissemination. SIGNIFICANCE Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a commonly diagnosed and particularly aggressive sarcoma subtype in adults, which frequently and fatally metastasizes to the lung. Here, we show the potential use of a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic UPS, specifi cally the collagen-modifying enzyme PLOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Karin Eisinger-Mathason
- 1Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute; 2Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; 3The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Departments of 4Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and 5Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 6Howard Hughes Medical Institute; 7Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and 8Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Lerner DW, McCoy D, Isabella AJ, Mahowald AP, Gerlach GF, Chaudhry TA, Horne-Badovinac S. A Rab10-dependent mechanism for polarized basement membrane secretion during organ morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2013; 24:159-68. [PMID: 23369713 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized extracellular matrices that are essential for epithelial structure and morphogenesis. However, little is known about how BM proteins are delivered to the basal cell surface or how this process is regulated during development. Here, we identify a mechanism for polarized BM secretion in the Drosophila follicle cells. BM proteins are synthesized in a basal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartment from localized mRNAs and are then exported through Tango1-positive ER exit sites to basal Golgi clusters. Next, Crag targets Rab10 to structures in the basal cytoplasm, where it restricts protein delivery to the basal surface. These events occur during egg chamber elongation, a morphogenetic process that depends on follicle cell planar polarity and BM remodeling. Significantly, Tango1 and Rab10 are also planar polarized at the basal epithelial surface. We propose that the spatial control of BM production along two tissue axes promotes exocytic efficiency, BM remodeling, and organ morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Lerner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Ruotsalainen H, Risteli M, Wang C, Wang Y, Karppinen M, Bergmann U, Kvist AP, Pospiech H, Herzig KH, Myllylä R. The activities of lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) regulate the amount and oligomerization status of adiponectin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50045. [PMID: 23209641 PMCID: PMC3510199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) has lysyl hydroxylase, galactosyltransferase, and glucosyltransferase activities, which are sequentially required for the formation of glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysines in collagens. Here we demonstrate for the first time that LH3 also modifies the lysine residues in the collagenous domain of adiponectin, which has important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Hydroxylation and, especially, glycosylation of the lysine residues of adiponectin have been shown to be essential for the formation of the more active high molecular weight adiponectin oligomers and thus for its function. In cells that totally lack LH3 enzyme, the galactosylhydroxylysine residues of adiponectin were not glucosylated to glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine residues and the formation of high and middle molecular weight adiponectin oligomers was impaired. Circulating adiponectin levels in mutant mice lacking the lysyl hydroxylase activity of LH3 were significantly reduced, which indicates that LH3 is required for complete modification of lysine residues in adiponectin and the loss of some of the glycosylated hydroxylysine residues severely affects the secretion of adiponectin. LH mutant mice with reduced adiponectin level showed a high fat diet-induced increase in glucose, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels, hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome in humans. Our results reveal the first indication that LH3 is an important regulator of adiponectin biosynthesis, secretion and activity and thus might be a potential candidate for therapeutic applications in diseases associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
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Abstract
Type I collagen is the most abundant structural protein in vertebrates. It is a heterotrimeric molecule composed of two α1 chains and one α2 chain, forming a long uninterrupted triple helical structure with short non-triple helical telopeptides at both the N- and C-termini. During biosynthesis, collagen acquires a number of post-translational modifications, including lysine modifications, that are critical to the structure and biological functions of this protein. Lysine modifications of collagen are highly complicated sequential processes catalysed by several groups of enzymes leading to the final step of biosynthesis, covalent intermolecular cross-linking. In the cell, specific lysine residues are hydroxylated to form hydroxylysine. Then specific hydroxylysine residues located in the helical domain of the molecule are glycosylated by the addition of galactose or glucose-galactose. Outside the cell, lysine and hydroxylysine residues in the N- and C-telopeptides can be oxidatively deaminated to produce reactive aldehydes that undergo a series of non-enzymatic condensation reactions to form covalent intra- and inter-molecular cross-links. Owing to the recent advances in molecular and cellular biology, and analytical technologies, the biological significance and molecular mechanisms of these modifications have been gradually elucidated. This chapter provides an overview on these enzymatic lysine modifications and subsequent cross-linking.
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Yang C, Park AC, Davis NA, Russell JD, Kim B, Brand DD, Lawrence MJ, Ge Y, Westphall MS, Coon JJ, Greenspan DS. Comprehensive mass spectrometric mapping of the hydroxylated amino acid residues of the α1(V) collagen chain. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40598-610. [PMID: 23060441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.406850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α1(V) is an extensively modified collagen chain important in disease. RESULTS Comprehensive mapping of α1(V) post-translational modifications reveals unexpectedly large numbers of X-position hydroxyprolines in Gly-X-Y amino acid triplets. CONCLUSION The unexpected abundance of X-position hydroxyprolines suggests a mechanism for differential modification of collagen properties. SIGNIFICANCE Positions, numbers, and occupancy of modified sites can provide insights into α1(V) biological properties. Aberrant expression of the type V collagen α1(V) chain can underlie the connective tissue disorder classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and autoimmune responses against the α1(V) chain are linked to lung transplant rejection and atherosclerosis. The α1(V) collagenous COL1 domain is thought to contain greater numbers of post-translational modifications (PTMs) than do similar domains of other fibrillar collagen chains, PTMs consisting of hydroxylated prolines and lysines, the latter of which can be glycosylated. These types of PTMs can contribute to epitopes that underlie immune responses against collagens, and the high level of PTMs may contribute to the unique biological properties of the α1(V) chain. Here we use high resolution mass spectrometry to map such PTMs in bovine placental α1(V) and human recombinant pro-α1(V) procollagen chains. Findings include the locations of those PTMs that vary and those PTMs that are invariant between these α1(V) chains from widely divergent sources. Notably, an unexpectedly large number of hydroxyproline residues were mapped to the X-positions of Gly-X-Y triplets, contrary to expectations based on previous amino acid analyses of hydrolyzed α1(V) chains from various tissues. We attribute this difference to the ability of tandem mass spectrometry coupled to nanoflow chromatographic separations to detect lower-level PTM combinations with superior sensitivity and specificity. The data are consistent with the presence of a relatively large number of 3-hydroxyproline sites with less than 100% occupancy, suggesting a previously unknown mechanism for the differential modification of α1(V) chain and type V collagen properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Kuo DS, Labelle-Dumais C, Gould DB. COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations and disease: insights into pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:R97-110. [PMID: 22914737 PMCID: PMC3459649 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimers composed of collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) constitute one of the most abundant components of nearly all basement membranes. Accordingly, mutations in COL4A1 or COL4A2 are pleiotropic and contribute to a broad spectrum of disorders, including myopathy, glaucoma and hemorrhagic stroke. Here, we summarize the contributions of COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations in human disease, integrate knowledge gained from model organisms and evaluate the implications for pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie S Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Wang C, Ristiluoma MM, Salo AM, Eskelinen S, Myllylä R. Lysyl hydroxylase 3 is secreted from cells by two pathways. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:668-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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ColVI myopathies: where do we stand, where do we go? Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:30. [PMID: 21943391 PMCID: PMC3189202 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI myopathies, caused by mutations in the genes encoding collagen type VI (ColVI), represent a clinical continuum with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) and Bethlem myopathy (BM) at each end of the spectrum, and less well-defined intermediate phenotypes in between. ColVI myopathies also share common features with other disorders associated with prominent muscle contractures, making differential diagnosis difficult. This group of disorders, under-recognized for a long time, has aroused much interest over the past decade, with important advances made in understanding its molecular pathogenesis. Indeed, numerous mutations have now been reported in the COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3 genes, a large proportion of which are de novo and exert dominant-negative effects. Genotype-phenotype correlations have also started to emerge, which reflect the various pathogenic mechanisms at play in these disorders: dominant de novo exon splicing that enables the synthesis and secretion of mutant tetramers and homozygous nonsense mutations that lead to premature termination of translation and complete loss of function are associated with early-onset, severe phenotypes. In this review, we present the current state of diagnosis and research in the field of ColVI myopathies. The past decade has provided significant advances, with the identification of altered cellular functions in animal models of ColVI myopathies and in patient samples. In particular, mitochondrial dysfunction and a defect in the autophagic clearance system of skeletal muscle have recently been reported, thereby opening potential therapeutic avenues.
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Jüllig M, Browett P, Middleditch MMJ, Prijic G, Kilfoyle D, Angelo N, Cooper GJS. A unique case of neural amyloidoma diagnosed by mass spectrometry of formalin-fixed tissue using a novel preparative technique. Amyloid 2011; 18:147-55. [PMID: 21859255 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2011.597798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report here a unique amyloidoma of the radial nerve which could not be subtyped by available techniques, including immunohistochemistry and standard clinical and laboratory evaluation. In order to identify the amyloid monomer, we developed a novel preparative procedure designed to optimize conditions for liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. Subsequent mass spectrometric analysis clearly identified kappa light chain as the monomer, with no evidence of lambda light chain. Manual interpretation of the matched spectra revealed no evidence of polyclonality. This study also enabled detailed characterisation of twelve likely amyloid matrix components. Finally, our analysis revealed extensive hydroxylation of collagen type I but, unexpectedly, an almost complete lack of hydroxylated residues in the normally heavily-hydroxylated collagen type VI chains, pointing to structural/functional alterations of collagen VI in this matrix that could have contributed to the pathogenesis of this very unusual tumour. Given the high quality of the data here acquired using a standard quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometer of modest performance, the robust and straightforward preparative method described constitutes a competitive alternative to more involved approaches using state-of-the-art equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Jüllig
- School of Biological and Sciences Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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