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Agostini F, Pereyra L, Dale J, Yambire KF, Maglioni S, Schiavi A, Ventura N, Milosevic I, Raimundo N. Up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis by lysosomal defects requires a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain. J Biol Chem 2024:107403. [PMID: 38782205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and lysosomes are two organelles that carry out both signaling and metabolic roles in cells. Recent evidence has shown that mitochondria and lysosomes are dependent on one another, as primary defects in one cause secondary defects in the other. Although there are functional impairments in both cases, the signaling consequences of primary mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal defects are dissimilar. Here, we used RNA sequencing to obtain transcriptomes from cells with primary mitochondrial or lysosomal defects to identify the global cellular consequences associated with mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunction. We used these data to determine the pathways affected by defects in both organelles, which revealed a prominent role for the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We observed a transcriptional up-regulated of this pathway in cellular and murine models of lysosomal defects, while it is transcriptionally down-regulated in cellular and murine models of mitochondrial defects. We identified a role for the post-transcriptional regulation of transcription factor SREBF1, a master regulator of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis, in models of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Furthermore, we found that retention of Ca2+ in lysosomes of cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain defects contributes to the differential regulation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in the mitochondrial and lysosomal defects tested. Finally, we verified in vivo, using a model of mitochondria-associated disease in C. elegans, that normalization of lysosomal Ca2+ levels results in partial rescue of the developmental delay induced by the respiratory chain deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Leonardo Pereyra
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Justin Dale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - King Faisal Yambire
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ira Milosevic
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Multidisciplinary Institute for Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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2
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Agostini F, Pereyra L, Dale J, Yambire KF, Maglioni S, Schiavi A, Ventura N, Milosevic I, Raimundo N. Up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis by lysosomal defects requires a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583589. [PMID: 38496624 PMCID: PMC10942416 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria and lysosomes are two organelles that carry out both signaling and metabolic roles in the cells. Recent evidence has shown that mitochondria and lysosomes are dependent on one another, as primary defects in one cause secondary defects in the other. Nevertheless, the signaling consequences of primary mitochondrial malfunction and of primary lysosomal defects are not similar, despite in both cases there are impairments of mitochondria and of lysosomes. Here, we used RNA sequencing to obtain transcriptomes from cells with primary mitochondrial or lysosomal defects, to identify what are the global cellular consequences that are associated with malfunction of mitochondria or lysosomes. We used these data to determine what are the pathways that are affected by defects in both organelles, which revealed a prominent role for the cholesterol synthesis pathway. This pathway is transcriptionally up-regulated in cellular and mouse models of lysosomal defects and is transcriptionally down-regulated in cellular and mouse models of mitochondrial defects. We identified a role for post-transcriptional regulation of the transcription factor SREBF1, a master regulator of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis, in models of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Furthermore, the retention of Ca 2+ in the lysosomes of cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain defects contributes to the differential regulation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in the mitochondrial and lysosomal defects tested. Finally, we verified in vivo , using models of mitochondria-associated diseases in C. elegans , that normalization of lysosomal Ca 2+ levels results in partial rescue of the developmental arrest induced by the respiratory chain deficiency.
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Lee D, Hong JH. Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPDC) by Mutation of NPC1 and NPC2: Aberrant Lysosomal Cholesterol Trafficking and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2021. [PMID: 38136141 PMCID: PMC10740957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol trafficking is initiated by the endocytic pathway and transported from endo/lysosomes to other intracellular organelles. Deficiencies in cholesterol-sensing and binding proteins NPC1 and NPC2 induce accumulation in lysosomes and the malfunction of trafficking to other organelles. Each organelle possesses regulatory factors to induce cholesterol trafficking. The mutation of NPC1 and NPC2 genes induces Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPDC), which is a hereditary disease and causes progressive neurodegeneration, developmental disability, hypotonia, and ataxia. Oxidative stress induces damage in NPDC-related intracellular organelles. Although studies on the relationship between NPDC and oxidation are relatively rare, several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in treating NPDC. Investigating antioxidant drugs to relieve oxidative stress and cholesterol accumulation is suggested to be a powerful tool for developing treatments for NPDC. Understanding NPDC provides challenging issues in understanding the oxidative stress-lysosome metabolism of the lipid axis. Thus, we elucidated the relationship between complexes of intracellular organelles and NPDC to develop our knowledge and suggested potential antioxidant reagents for NPDC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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de Médina P, Ayadi S, Soulès R, Payre B, Rup-Jacques S, Silvente-Poirot S, Samadi M, Poirot M. Chemical synthesis and biochemical properties of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3-sulfonate: A non-hydrolysable analogue of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-sulfate. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106396. [PMID: 37683773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (CT) is a primary metabolite of 5,6-epoxycholesterols (5,6-EC) that is catalyzed by the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH). CT is a well-known biomarker for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C), a progressive inherited neurodegenerative disease. On the other hand, CT is known to be metabolized by the 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase of type 2 (11β-HSD2) into a tumor promoter named oncosterone that stimulates the growth of breast cancer tumors. Sulfation is a major metabolic transformation leading to the production of sulfated oxysterols. The production of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-O-sulfate (CDS) has been reported in breast cancer cells. However, no data related to CDS biological properties have been reported so far. These studies have been hampered because sulfate esters of sterols and steroids are rapidly hydrolyzed by steroid sulfatase to give free steroids and sterols. In order to get insight into the biological properties of CDS, we report herein the synthesis and the characterization of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-sulfonate (CDSN), a non-hydrolysable analogue of CDS. We show that CDSN is a potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD2 that blocks oncosterone production on cell lysate. The inhibition of oncosterone biosynthesis of a whole cell assay was observed but results from the blockage by CDSN of the uptake of CT in MCF-7 cells. While CDSN inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation, we found that it potentiates the cytotoxic activity of post-lanosterol cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as tamoxifen and PBPE. This effect was associated with an increase of free sterols accumulation and the appearance of giant multilamellar bodies, a structural feature reminiscent of Type C Niemann-Pick disease cells and consistent with a possible inhibition by CDSN of NPC1. Altogether, our data showed that CDSN is biologically active and that it is a valuable tool to study the biological properties of CDS and more specifically its impact on immunity and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Médina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
| | - Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Régis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France
| | - Bruno Payre
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Rup-Jacques
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
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Las Heras M, Szenfeld B, Ballout RA, Buratti E, Zanlungo S, Dardis A, Klein AD. Understanding the phenotypic variability in Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC): a need for precision medicine. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:21. [PMID: 37567876 PMCID: PMC10421955 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) characterized by the buildup of endo-lysosomal cholesterol and glycosphingolipids due to loss of function mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 genes. NPC patients can present with a broad phenotypic spectrum, with differences at the age of onset, rate of progression, severity, organs involved, effects on the central nervous system, and even response to pharmacological treatments. This article reviews the phenotypic variation of NPC and discusses its possible causes, such as the remaining function of the defective protein, modifier genes, sex, environmental cues, and splicing factors, among others. We propose that these factors should be considered when designing or repurposing treatments for this disease. Despite its seeming complexity, this proposition is not far-fetched, considering the expanding interest in precision medicine and easier access to multi-omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Las Heras
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile
| | - Benjamín Szenfeld
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile
| | - Rami A Ballout
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Center and Children's Health, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- Molecular Pathology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330033, Chile
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile.
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Han S, Wang Q, Song Y, Pang M, Ren C, Wang J, Guan D, Xu W, Li F, Wang F, Zhou X, Fernández-Hernando C, Zhang H, Wu D, Ye Z. Lithium ameliorates Niemann-Pick C1 disease phenotypes by impeding STING/SREBP2 activation. iScience 2023; 26:106613. [PMID: 37128603 PMCID: PMC10148154 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a genetic lysosomal disorder associated with progressive neurodegenerative phenotypes. Its therapeutic options are very limited. Here, we show that lithium treatment improves ataxia and feeding phenotypes, attenuates cerebellar inflammation and degeneration, and extends survival in Npc1 mouse models. In addition, lithium suppresses STING activation, SREBP2 processing to its mature form and the expression of the target genes in the Npc1 mice and in Npc1-deficient fibroblasts. Lithium impedes STING/SREBP2 transport from the ER to the Golgi, a step required for STING activation and SREBP2 processing, probably by lowering cytosolic calcium concentrations. This effect of lithium on STING/SREBP2 transport provides a mechanistic explanation for lithium's effects on Npc1 mice. Thus, this study reveals a potential therapeutic option for NP-C patients as well as a strategy to reduce active STING/SREBP2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Han
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qijun Wang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
| | - Mao Pang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dongwei Guan
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fangyong Li
- Biostatistics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fengchao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
- Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520, USA
| | - Zhijia Ye
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing 400044, China
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7
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Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
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The Cerebellum in Niemann-Pick C1 Disease: Mouse Versus Man. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:102-119. [PMID: 35040097 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Selective neuronal vulnerability is common to most degenerative disorders, including Niemann-Pick C (NPC), a rare genetic disease with altered intracellular trafficking of cholesterol. Purkinje cell dysfunction and loss are responsible for cerebellar ataxia, which is among the prevailing neurological signs of the NPC disease. In this review, we focus on some questions that are still unresolved. First, we frame the cerebellar vulnerability in the context of the extended postnatal time length by which the development of this structure is completed in mammals. In line with this thought, the much later development of cerebellar symptoms in humans is due to the later development and/or maturation of the cerebellum. Hence, the occurrence of developmental events under a protracted condition of defective intracellular cholesterol mobilization hits the functional maturation of the various cell types generating the ground of increased vulnerability. This is particularly consistent with the high cholesterol demand required for cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synapse formation/remodeling. Other major questions we address are why the progression of Purkinje cells loss is always from the anterior to the posterior lobes and why cerebellar defects persist in the mouse model even when genetic manipulations can lead to nearly normal survival.
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Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:265. [PMID: 35918332 PMCID: PMC9344793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, particularly the CVD in which the accumulation of lipids (mainly the cholesteryl esters) within macrophage/foam cells underneath the endothelial layer drives the formation of atherosclerotic lesions eventually. More and more studies have shown that lowering cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, protects cardiovascular system and prevents cardiovascular events effectively. Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is determined by cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, storage, utilization, and/or excretion. All the processes should be precisely controlled by the multiple regulatory pathways. Based on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, many interventions have been developed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake or enhancing cholesterol utilization and excretion. Herein, we summarize the historical review and research events, the current understandings of the molecular pathways playing key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and the cholesterol-lowering interventions in clinics or in preclinical studies as well as new cholesterol-lowering targets and their clinical advances. More importantly, we review and discuss the benefits of those interventions for the treatment of multiple diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Cholesterol sulfate alleviates ulcerative colitis by promoting cholesterol biosynthesis in colonic epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4428. [PMID: 35908039 PMCID: PMC9338998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol sulfate, produced by hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1 (SULT2B1), is highly abundant in the intestine. Herein, we study the functional role and underlying intestinal epithelial repair mechanisms of cholesterol sulfate in ulcerative colitis. The levels of cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate, as well as the expression of Sult2b1 and genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, are significantly higher in inflamed tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis than in intestinal mucosa from healthy controls. Cholesterol sulfate in the gut and circulation is mainly catalyzed by intestinal epithelial SULT2B1. Specific deletion of the Sult2b1 gene in the intestinal epithelial cells aggravates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis; however, dietary supplementation with cholesterol sulfate ameliorates this effect in acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice. Cholesterol sulfate promotes cholesterol biosynthesis by binding to Niemann-Pick type C2 protein and activating sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 in colonic epithelial cells, thereby alleviates ulcerative colitis. In conclusion, cholesterol sulfate contributes to the healing of the mucosal barrier and exhibits therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis in mice. New treatment strategies are required for ulcerative colitis. Here the authors show in mouse models that cholesterol sulfate, an endogenous active cholesterol derivative, contributes to the healing of the mucosal barrier by promoting cholesterol biosynthesis in colonic epithelial cells and exhibits therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis.
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Assessment of FDA-Approved Drugs as a Therapeutic Approach for Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 Using Patient-Specific iPSC-Based Model Systems. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030319. [PMID: 35159129 PMCID: PMC8834315 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NP-C1) is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. Mutations of NPC1 can result in a misfolded protein that is subsequently marked for proteasomal degradation. Such loss-of-function mutations lead to cholesterol accumulation in late endosomes and lysosomes. Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are described to protect misfolded proteins from proteasomal degradation and are being discussed as a treatment strategy for NP-C1. Here, we used a combinatorial approach of high-throughput in silico screening of FDA-approved drugs and in vitro biochemical assays to identify potential PCs. The effects of the hit compounds identified by molecular docking were compared in vitro with 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), which is known to act as a PC for NP-C1. We analyzed cholesterol accumulation, NPC1 protein content, and lysosomal localization in patient-specific fibroblasts, as well as in neural differentiated and hepatocyte-like cells derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). One compound, namely abiraterone acetate, showed comparable results to 25-HC and restored NPC1 protein level, corrected the intracellular localization of NPC1, and consequently decreased cholesterol accumulation in NPC1-mutated fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neural differentiated and hepatocyte-like cells. The discovered PC altered not only the pathophysiological phenotype of cells carrying the I1061T mutation— known to be responsive to treatment with PCs—but an effect was also observed in cells carrying other NPC1 missense mutations. Therefore, we hypothesize that the PCs studied here may serve as an effective treatment strategy for a large group of NP-C1 patients.
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12
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Spatiotemporally Orchestrated Interactions between Viral and Cellular Proteins Involved in the Entry of African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122495. [PMID: 34960765 PMCID: PMC8703583 DOI: 10.3390/v13122495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars with a mortality of up to 100%. The causative agent, African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a member of the Asfarviridae family of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. The genome size of ASFV ranges from 170 to 194 kb, encoding more than 50 structural and 100 nonstructural proteins. ASFV virions are 260–300 nm in diameter and composed of complex multilayered structures, leading to an intricate internalization pathway to enter host cells. Currently, no commercial vaccines or antivirals are available, due to the insufficient knowledge of the viral receptor(s), the molecular events of ASFV entry into host cells, and the functions of virulence-associated genes. During the early stage of ASFV infection, the fundamental aspects of virus-host interactions, including virus internalization, intracellular transport through the endolysosomal system, and membrane fusion with endosome, are precisely regulated and orchestrated via a series of molecular events. In this review, we summarize the currently available knowledge on the pathways of ASFV entry into host cells and the functions of viral proteins involved in virus entry. Furthermore, we conclude with future perspectives and highlight areas that require further investigation. This review is expected to provide unique insights for further understanding ASFV entry and facilitate the development of vaccines and antivirals.
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13
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Han S, Ren M, Kuang T, Pang M, Guan D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Ye Z. Cerebellar Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profile in a Niemann-Pick C Disease Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5826-5836. [PMID: 34410604 PMCID: PMC8599378 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder primarily caused by mutations in NPC1. However, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. While mounting evidence has demonstrated the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, the lncRNA expression profile in NP-C has not been determined. Here, we used RNA-seq analysis to determine lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of the cerebella of NPC1−/− mice. We found that 272 lncRNAs and 856 mRNAs were significantly dysregulated in NPC1−/− mice relative to controls (≥ 2.0-fold, p < 0.05). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was utilized to validate the expression of selected lncRNAs and mRNAs. Next, a lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network was employed to examine the potential roles of the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs. Functional analysis revealed that mRNAs coexpressed with lncRNAs are mainly linked to immune system–related processes and neuroinflammation. Moreover, knockdown of the lncRNA H19 ameliorated changes in ROS levels and cell viability and suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced inflammatory response in vitro. Our findings indicate that dysregulated lncRNA expression patterns are associated with NP-C pathogenesis and offer insight into the development of novel therapeutics based on lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Han
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tianyin Kuang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mao Pang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Dongwei Guan
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yesong Liu
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wengeng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhijia Ye
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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14
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Kober DL, Radhakrishnan A, Goldstein JL, Brown MS, Clark LD, Bai XC, Rosenbaum DM. Scap structures highlight key role for rotation of intertwined luminal loops in cholesterol sensing. Cell 2021; 184:3689-3701.e22. [PMID: 34139175 PMCID: PMC8277531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol-sensing protein Scap induces cholesterol synthesis by transporting membrane-bound transcription factors called sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus for proteolytic activation. Transport requires interaction between Scap's two ER luminal loops (L1 and L7), which flank an intramembrane sterol-sensing domain (SSD). Cholesterol inhibits Scap transport by binding to L1, which triggers Scap's binding to Insig, an ER retention protein. Here we used cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) to elucidate two structures of full-length chicken Scap: (1) a wild-type free of Insigs and (2) mutant Scap bound to chicken Insig without cholesterol. Strikingly, L1 and L7 intertwine tightly to form a globular domain that acts as a luminal platform connecting the SSD to the rest of Scap. In the presence of Insig, this platform undergoes a large rotation accompanied by rearrangement of Scap's transmembrane helices. We postulate that this conformational change halts Scap transport of SREBPs and inhibits cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Kober
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Joseph L Goldstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael S Brown
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lindsay D Clark
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Daniel M Rosenbaum
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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15
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Schoop V, Martello A, Eden ER, Höglinger D. Cellular cholesterol and how to find it. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158989. [PMID: 34118431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of eukaryotic cellular membranes. Information about its subcellular localization and transport pathways inside cells are key for the understanding and treatment of cholesterol-related diseases. In this review we give an overview over the most commonly used methods that contributed to our current understanding of subcellular cholesterol localization and transport routes. First, we discuss methods that provide insights into cholesterol metabolism based on readouts of downstream effects such as esterification. Subsequently, we focus on the use of cholesterol-binding molecules as probes that facilitate visualization and quantification of sterols inside of cells. Finally, we explore different analogues of cholesterol which, when taken up by living cells, are integrated and transported in a similar fashion as endogenous sterols. Taken together, we highlight the challenges and advantages of each method such that researchers studying aspects of cholesterol transport may choose the most pertinent approach for their problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schoop
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Martello
- University College London (UCL), Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V 9EL London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily R Eden
- University College London (UCL), Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V 9EL London, United Kingdom
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Cruz DL, Pipalia N, Mao S, Gadi D, Liu G, Grigalunas M, O'Neill M, Quinn TR, Kipper A, Ekebergh A, Dimmling A, Gartner C, Melancon BJ, Wagner FF, Holson E, Helquist P, Wiest O, Maxfield FR. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases 1, 2, and 3 Enhances Clearance of Cholesterol Accumulation in Niemann-Pick C1 Fibroblasts. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1136-1148. [PMID: 34151204 PMCID: PMC8204796 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare genetic cholesterol storage disorder
caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. Mutations in this transmembrane
late endosome protein lead to loss of normal cholesterol efflux from late endosomes and
lysosomes. It has been shown that broad spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitors
(HDACi's) such as Vorinostat correct the cholesterol accumulation phenotype in the
majority of NPC1 mutants tested in cultured cells. In order to determine the optimal
specificity for HDACi correction of the mutant NPC1s, we screened 76 HDACi's of varying
specificity. We tested the ability of these HDACi's to correct the excess accumulation
of cholesterol in patient fibroblast cells that homozygously express
NPC1I1061T, the most common mutation. We
determined that inhibition of HDACs 1, 2, and 3 is important for correcting the defect,
and combined inhibition of all three is needed to achieve the greatest effect,
suggesting a need for multiple effects of the HDACi treatments. Identifying the specific
HDACs involved in the process of regulating cholesterol trafficking in NPC1 will help to
focus the search for more specific druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nina Pipalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Shu Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Deepti Gadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Taylor R Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Andi Kipper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Andreas Ekebergh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Alexander Dimmling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Carlos Gartner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Florence F Wagner
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Edward Holson
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,KDAc Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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17
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García‐Sanz P, M.F.G. Aerts J, Moratalla R. The Role of Cholesterol in α-Synuclein and Lewy Body Pathology in GBA1 Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1070-1085. [PMID: 33219714 PMCID: PMC8247417 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are lost, resulting in a decrease in striatal dopamine and, consequently, motor control. Dopaminergic degeneration is associated with the appearance of Lewy bodies, which contain membrane structures and proteins, including α-synuclein (α-Syn), in surviving neurons. PD displays a multifactorial pathology and develops from interactions between multiple elements, such as age, environmental conditions, and genetics. Mutations in the GBA1 gene represent one of the major genetic risk factors for PD. This gene encodes an essential lysosomal enzyme called β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which is responsible for degrading the glycolipid glucocerebroside into glucose and ceramide. GCase can generate glucosylated cholesterol via transglucosylation and can also degrade the sterol glucoside. Although the molecular mechanisms that predispose an individual to neurodegeneration remain unknown, the role of cholesterol in PD pathology deserves consideration. Disturbed cellular cholesterol metabolism, as reflected by accumulation of lysosomal cholesterol in GBA1-associated PD cellular models, could contribute to changes in lipid rafts, which are necessary for synaptic localization and vesicle cycling and modulation of synaptic integrity. α-Syn has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal cholesterol, and cholesterol facilitates interactions between α-Syn oligomers. In this review, we integrate the results of previous studies and describe the cholesterol landscape in cellular homeostasis and neuronal function. We discuss its implication in α-Syn and Lewy body pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD, focusing on the role of GCase and cholesterol. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García‐Sanz
- Instituto Cajal, CSICMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Johannes M.F.G. Aerts
- Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden UniversityFaculty of ScienceLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, CSICMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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18
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Gruenberg J. Life in the lumen: The multivesicular endosome. Traffic 2021; 21:76-93. [PMID: 31854087 PMCID: PMC7004041 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The late endosomes/endo‐lysosomes of vertebrates contain an atypical phospholipid, lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) (also termed bis[monoacylglycero]phosphate [BMP]), which is not detected elsewhere in the cell. LBPA is abundant in the membrane system present in the lumen of this compartment, including intralumenal vesicles (ILVs). In this review, the current knowledge on LBPA and LBPA‐containing membranes will be summarized, and their role in the control of endosomal cholesterol will be outlined. Some speculations will also be made on how this system may be overwhelmed in the cholesterol storage disorder Niemann‐Pick C. Then, the roles of intralumenal membranes in endo‐lysosomal dynamics and functions will be discussed in broader terms. Likewise, the mechanisms that drive the biogenesis of intralumenal membranes, including ESCRTs, will also be discussed, as well as their diverse composition and fate, including degradation in lysosomes and secretion as exosomes. This review will also discuss how intralumenal membranes are hijacked by pathogenic agents during intoxication and infection, and what is the biochemical composition and function of the intra‐endosomal lumenal milieu. Finally, this review will allude to the size limitations imposed on intralumenal vesicle functions and speculate on the possible role of LBPA as calcium chelator in the acidic calcium stores of endo‐lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gruenberg
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Shioi R, Karaki F, Yoshioka H, Noguchi-Yachide T, Ishikawa M, Dodo K, Hashimoto Y, Sodeoka M, Ohgane K. Image-based screen capturing misfolding status of Niemann-Pick type C1 identifies potential candidates for chaperone drugs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243746. [PMID: 33315900 PMCID: PMC7735562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by massive intracellular accumulation of cholesterol. In most cases, loss-of-function mutations in the NPC1 gene that encodes lysosomal cholesterol transporter NPC1 are responsible for the disease, and more than half of the mutations are considered to interfere with the biogenesis or folding of the protein. We previously identified a series of oxysterol derivatives and phenanthridine-6-one derivatives as pharmacological chaperones, i.e., small molecules that can rescue folding-defective phenotypes of mutated NPC1, opening up an avenue to develop chaperone therapy for Niemann-Pick disease type C. Here, we present an improved image-based screen for NPC1 chaperones and we describe its application for drug-repurposing screening. We identified some azole antifungals, including itraconazole and posaconazole, and a kinase inhibitor, lapatinib, as probable pharmacological chaperones. A photo-crosslinking study confirmed direct binding of itraconazole to a representative folding-defective mutant protein, NPC1-I1061T. Competitive photo-crosslinking experiments suggested that oxysterol-based chaperones and itraconazole share the same or adjacent binding site(s), and the sensitivity of the crosslinking to P691S mutation in the sterol-sensing domain supports the hypothesis that their binding sites are located near this domain. Although the azoles were less effective in reducing cholesterol accumulation than the oxysterol-derived chaperones or an HDAC inhibitor, LBH-589, our findings should offer new starting points for medicinal chemistry efforts to develop better pharmacological chaperones for NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Shioi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumika Karaki
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yoshioka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Noguchi-Yachide
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohgane
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Radhakrishnan A, Rohatgi R, Siebold C. Cholesterol access in cellular membranes controls Hedgehog signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1303-1313. [PMID: 33199907 PMCID: PMC7872078 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway coordinates cell-cell communication in development and regeneration. Defects in this pathway underlie diseases ranging from birth defects to cancer. Hh signals are transmitted across the plasma membrane by two proteins, Patched 1 (PTCH1) and Smoothened (SMO). PTCH1, a transporter-like tumor-suppressor protein, binds to Hh ligands, but SMO, a G-protein-coupled-receptor family oncoprotein, transmits the Hh signal across the membrane. Recent structural, biochemical and cell-biological studies have converged at the surprising model that a specific pool of plasma membrane cholesterol, termed accessible cholesterol, functions as a second messenger that conveys the signal between PTCH1 and SMO. Beyond solving a central puzzle in Hh signaling, these studies are revealing new principles in membrane biology: how proteins respond to and remodel cholesterol accessibility in membranes and how the cholesterol composition of organelle membranes is used to regulate protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Baker S, Petukh M. Effect of pH on the Ability of N-Terminal Domain of Human NPC1 to Recognize, Bind, and Transfer Cholesterol. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29222-29230. [PMID: 33225153 PMCID: PMC7676335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) is a large multidomain transmembrane protein essential for transporting cholesterol (CLR) from late endosomes and lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum and other cellular compartments. The lumen-facing N-terminal domain (NTD), involved in direct binding of CLR, is expected to have an optimum activity at acidic pH = 4.5. Here, we show that acidic pH is vital for the functionality of NPC1(NTD) and should be taken into account when studying the protein activity. We applied evolutionary, structural, and physicochemical analyses to decipher the consequences of a change in pH from acidic (pH = 4.5) to neutral (pH = 7.2) on the structural integrity of the NTD and its ability to bind CLR. We revealed that the change in pH from 4.5 to 7.2 increases the potential energy of the protein in both apo- and holo-states making the system less energetically favorable. At neutral pH, the flexibility of the protein in the apo-state is decreased caused by the alteration of specific interactions, which in turn might have a high impact on ligand recognition and binding. In contrast, neutral pH significantly exaggerates the flexibility of the protein with bound CLR that causes a partial exposure of the ligand to the water phase and its mislocation inside the ligand-binding pocket, which might obstruct CLR translocation through the membrane.
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22
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Dubey V, Bozorg B, Wüstner D, Khandelia H. Cholesterol binding to the sterol-sensing region of Niemann Pick C1 protein confines dynamics of its N-terminal domain. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007554. [PMID: 33021976 PMCID: PMC7537887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol is a hallmark of Niemann Pick type C (NPC) disease caused by mutations primarily in the lysosomal membrane protein NPC1. NPC1 contains a transmembrane sterol-sensing domain (SSD), which is supposed to regulate protein activity upon cholesterol binding, but the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Using atomistic simulations, we show that in the absence of cholesterol in the SSD, the luminal domains of NPC1 are highly dynamic, resulting in the disengagement of the NTD from the rest of the protein. The disengaged NPC1 adopts a flexed conformation that approaches the lipid bilayer, and could represent a conformational state primed to receive a sterol molecule from the soluble lysosomal cholesterol carrier NPC2. The binding of cholesterol to the SSD of NPC1 allosterically suppresses the conformational dynamics of the luminal domains resulting in an upright NTD conformation. The presence of an additional 20% cholesterol in the membrane has negligible impact on this process. The additional presence of an NTD-bound cholesterol suppresses the flexing of the NTD. We propose that cholesterol acts as an allosteric effector, and the modulation of NTD dynamics by the SSD-bound cholesterol constitutes an allosteric feedback mechanism in NPC1 that controls cholesterol abundance in the lysosomal membrane. Cholesterol is absorbed from LDL particles in esterified form, and is broken down to free cholesterol in the lysosomes of cells, from where cholesterol must be transported to other cellular compartments such as the plasma membrane. The Niemann Pick type C (NPC) diseases arise from deficient cholesterol transport and result from mutations in the cholesterol transport protein NPC1. Using computer simulations, we show that cholesterol, when bound to one part of NPC1, can control the structural transitions of an 8-nm distant, different part of NPC1 protein called the N-terminal domain (NTD). Such long-range control of protein conformations (allostery), controls a wide range of cellular functions mediated by proteins. Fundamental molecular insights into the function of the NPC1 protein can potentially lead to better pharmaceutical interventions for the NPC diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dubey
- PhyLife Physical Life Sciences, Department of Physics Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Physics Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Behruz Bozorg
- PhyLife Physical Life Sciences, Department of Physics Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Physics Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- PhyLife Physical Life Sciences, Department of Physics Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- PhyLife Physical Life Sciences, Department of Physics Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Physics Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- MEMPHYS: Center for Biomembrane Physics, Odense M, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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23
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Yoon HJ, Jeong H, Lee HH, Jang S. Molecular dynamics study with mutation shows that N-terminal domain structural re-orientation in Niemann-Pick type C1 is required for proper alignment of cholesterol transport. J Neurochem 2020; 156:967-978. [PMID: 32880929 PMCID: PMC7461377 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal membrane protein Niemann‐Pick type C1 (NPC1) and Niemann‐Pick type C2 (NPC2) are main players of cholesterol control in the lysosome and it is known that the mutation on these proteins leads to the cholesterol trafficking‐related neurodegenerative disease, which is called the NPC disease. The mutation R518W or R518Q on the NPC1 is one of the type of disease‐related mutation that causes cholesterol transports to be cut in half, which results in the accumulation of cholesterol and lipids in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment of the cell. Even though there has been significant progress with understanding the cholesterol transport by NPC1 in combination with NPC2, especially after the structural determination of the full‐length NPC1 in 2016, many details such as the interaction of the full‐length NPC1 with the NPC2, the molecular motions responsible for the cholesterol transport during and after this interaction, and the structure and the function relations of many mutations are still not well understood. In this study, we report the extensive molecular dynamics simulations in order to gain insight into the structure and the dynamics of NPC1 lumenal domain for the cholesterol transport and the disease behind the mutation (R518W). It was found that the mutation induces a structural shift of the N‐terminal domain, toward the loop region in the middle lumenal domain, which is believed to play a central role in the interaction with NPC2 protein, so the interaction with the NPC2 protein might be less favorable compared to the wild NPC1. Also, the simulation indicates the possible re‐orientation of the N‐terminal domain with both the wild and the R518W‐mutated NPC1 after receiving the cholesterol from the NPC2 that align to form an internal tunnel, which is a possible pose for further action in cholesterol trafficking. We believe the current study can provide a better understanding of the cholesterol transport by NPC1 especially the role of NTD of NPC1 in combination with NPC2 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Sanchez LD, Pontini L, Marinozzi M, Sanchez-Aranguren LC, Reis A, Dias IHK. Cholesterol and oxysterol sulfates: Pathophysiological roles and analytical challenges. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3327-3341. [PMID: 32762060 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol and oxysterol sulfates are important regulators of lipid metabolism, inflammation, cell apoptosis, and cell survival. Among the sulfate-based lipids, cholesterol sulfate (CS) is the most studied lipid both quantitatively and functionally. Despite the importance, very few studies have analysed and linked the actions of oxysterol sulfates to their physiological and pathophysiological roles. Overexpression of sulfotransferases confirmed the formation of a range of oxysterol sulfates and their antagonistic effects on liver X receptors (LXRs) prompting further investigations how are the changes to oxysterol/oxysterol sulfate homeostasis can contribute to LXR activity in the physiological milieu. Here, we aim to bring together for novel roles of oxysterol sulfates, the available techniques and the challenges associated with their analysis. Understanding the oxysterol/oxysterol sulfate levels and their pathophysiological mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Pontini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maura Marinozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ana Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Seker Yilmaz B, Baruteau J, Rahim AA, Gissen P. Clinical and Molecular Features of Early Infantile Niemann Pick Type C Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5059. [PMID: 32709131 PMCID: PMC7404201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann Pick disease type C (NPC) is a neurovisceral disorder due to mutations in NPC1 or NPC2. This review focuses on poorly characterized clinical and molecular features of early infantile form of NPC (EIF) and identified 89 cases caused by NPC1 (NPC1) and 16 by NPC2 (NPC2) mutations. Extra-neuronal features were common; visceromegaly reported in 80/89 NPC1 and in 15/16 NPC2, prolonged jaundice in 30/89 NPC1 and 7/16 NPC2. Early lung involvement was present in 12/16 NPC2 cases. Median age of neurological onset was 12 (0-24) and 7.5 (0-24) months in NPC1 and NPC2 groups, respectively. Developmental delay and hypotonia were the commonest first detected neurological symptoms reported in 39/89 and 18/89 NPC1, and in 8/16 and 10/16 NPC2, respectively. Additional neurological symptoms included vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, dysarthria, cataplexy, dysphagia, seizures, dystonia, and spasticity. The following mutations in homozygous state conferred EIF: deletion of exon 1+promoter, c.3578_3591 + 9del, c.385delT, p.C63fsX75, IVS21-2delATGC, c. 2740T>A (p.C914S), c.3584G>T (p.G1195V), c.3478-6T>A, c.960_961dup (p.A321Gfs*16) in NPC1 and c.434T>A (p.V145E), c.199T>C (p.S67P), c.133C>T (p.Q45X), c.141C>A (p.C47X) in NPC2. This comprehensive analysis of the EIF type of NPC will benefit clinical patient management, genetic counselling, and assist design of novel therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Seker Yilmaz
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.B.); (P.G.)
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Turkey
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.B.); (P.G.)
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ahad A. Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.B.); (P.G.)
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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26
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Zhang R, Tang BS, Guo JF. Research advances on neurite outgrowth inhibitor B receptor. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7697-7705. [PMID: 32542927 PMCID: PMC7348171 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth inhibitor‐B (Nogo‐B) is a membrane protein which is extensively expressed in multiple organs, especially in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and belongs to the reticulon protein family. Notably, its specific receptor, Nogo‐B receptor (NgBR), encoded by NUS1, has been implicated in many crucial cellular processes, such as cholesterol trafficking, lipid metabolism, dolichol synthesis, protein N‐glycosylation, vascular remodelling, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and neurodevelopment. In recent years, accumulating studies have demonstrated the statistically significant changes of NgBR expression levels in human diseases, including Niemann‐Pick type C disease, fatty liver, congenital disorders of glycosylation, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, invasive ductal breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma, non‐small cell lung carcinoma, paediatric epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. Besides, both the in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NgBR overexpression or knockdown contribute to the alteration of various pathophysiological processes. Thus, there is a broad development potential in therapeutic strategies by modifying the expression levels of NgBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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Saha P, Shumate JL, Caldwell JG, Elghobashi-Meinhardt N, Lu A, Zhang L, Olsson NE, Elias JE, Pfeffer SR. Inter-domain dynamics drive cholesterol transport by NPC1 and NPC1L1 proteins. eLife 2020; 9:e57089. [PMID: 32410728 PMCID: PMC7228765 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of LDL-derived cholesterol from lysosomes into the cytoplasm requires NPC1 protein; NPC1L1 mediates uptake of dietary cholesterol. We introduced single disulfide bonds into NPC1 and NPC1L1 to explore the importance of inter-domain dynamics in cholesterol transport. Using a sensitive method to monitor lysosomal cholesterol efflux, we found that NPC1's N-terminal domain need not release from the rest of the protein for efficient cholesterol export. Either introducing single disulfide bonds to constrain lumenal/extracellular domains or shortening a cytoplasmic loop abolishes transport activity by both NPC1 and NPC1L1. The widely prescribed cholesterol uptake inhibitor, ezetimibe, blocks NPC1L1; we show that residues that lie at the interface between NPC1L1's three extracellular domains comprise the drug's binding site. These data support a model in which cholesterol passes through the cores of NPC1/NPC1L1 proteins; concerted movement of various domains is needed for transfer and ezetimibe blocks transport by binding to multiple domains simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Justin L Shumate
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Jenna G Caldwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Albert Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Niclas E Olsson
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Suzanne R Pfeffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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28
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Zahedi Abghari F, Bayat F, Razipour M, Karimipoor M, Taghavi-Basmenj M, Zeinali S, Davoudi-Dehaghani E. Characterization of Niemann-Pick diseases genes mutation spectrum in Iran and identification of a novel mutation in SMPD1 gene. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 33:126. [PMID: 32280632 PMCID: PMC7137857 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Niemann-Pick diseases are rare inherited lipid storage disorders caused by mutations in the SMPD1, NPC1, and NPC2 genes. The aim of this study was to assess the mutation spectrum of a cohort of Iranian Niemann-Pick patients.
Methods: A consanguineous couple with a child suspected of having Niemann-Pick disease type A (died at age 2) was screened for gene mutations in the SMPD1 gene. Sanger sequencing was performed for all exons and exon-intron boundary regions. A literature review on SMPD1, NPC1, and NPC2 genes mutations in Iran was conducted using published original papers on this subject.
Results: A novel frameshift c.762delG (p.Leu256fs*) at a heterozygous state was identified in the parents. According to the review study, identified mutations in 39 Iranian patients were concentrated in exon 2 of the SMPD1 gene and exons 8 and 9 of the NPC1 gene.
Conclusion: Niemann-Pick diseases genes mutation analysis (SMPD1, NPC1, and NPC2) in Iran shows the genetic heterogeneity of these diseases in this country. More studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to further examine genetic changes associated with Niemann-Pick diseases in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zahedi Abghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bayat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Razipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi-Basmenj
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Davoudi-Dehaghani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Boucher P, Matz RL, Terrand J. atherosclerosis: gone with the Wnt? Atherosclerosis 2020; 301:15-22. [PMID: 32289618 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a pathology affecting large and medium-sized arteries, is the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in industrialized countries. During atherosclerosis, cells accumulate large amounts of cholesterol through the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein particles to form foam cells. This accumulation forms the basis for the development of the disease and for a large spectrum of other diseases in various organs. Massive research efforts have yielded valuable information about the underlying molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. In particular, newer discoveries on the early stage of lesion formation, cholesterol accumulation, reverse cholesterol transport, and local inflammation in the vascular wall have opened unanticipated horizons of understanding and raised novel questions and therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we focus on Wnt signaling, which has received little attention so far, yet affects lysosomal function and signalling pathways that limit cholesterol accumulation. This occurs in different tissues and cell types, including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages in the arterial wall, and thus profoundly impacts on atherosclerotic disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Boucher
- CNRS, UMR 7021, University of Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
| | - Rachel L Matz
- CNRS, UMR 7021, University of Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Jérôme Terrand
- CNRS, UMR 7021, University of Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
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30
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New variants in Spanish Niemann–Pick type c disease patients. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2085-2095. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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31
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Long T, Qi X, Hassan A, Liang Q, De Brabander JK, Li X. Structural basis for itraconazole-mediated NPC1 inhibition. Nat Commun 2020; 11:152. [PMID: 31919352 PMCID: PMC6952396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), a lysosomal protein of 13 transmembrane helices (TMs) and three lumenal domains, exports low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol from lysosomes. TMs 3–7 of NPC1 comprise the Sterol-Sensing Domain (SSD). Previous studies suggest that mutation of the NPC1-SSD or the addition of the anti-fungal drug itraconazole abolishes NPC1 activity in cells. However, the itraconazole binding site and the mechanism of NPC1-mediated cholesterol transport remain unknown. Here, we report a cryo-EM structure of human NPC1 bound to itraconazole, which reveals how this binding site in the center of NPC1 blocks a putative lumenal tunnel linked to the SSD. Functional assays confirm that blocking this tunnel abolishes NPC1-mediated cholesterol egress. Intriguingly, the palmitate anchor of Hedgehog occupies a similar site in the homologous tunnel of Patched, suggesting a conserved mechanism for sterol transport in this family of proteins and establishing a central function of their SSDs. Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) exports low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol from lysosomes and comporses a Sterol-Sensing Domain (SSD). Here authors report a cryo-EM structure of human NPC1 bound to itraconazole which reveals how this binding site in the center of NPC1 blocks a putative lumenal tunnel linked to the SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Qi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Abdirahman Hassan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Qiren Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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32
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Poongavanam V, Kongsted J, Wüstner D. Computational Modeling Explains the Multi Sterol Ligand Specificity of the N-Terminal Domain of Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 Protein. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20894-20904. [PMID: 31867479 PMCID: PMC6921270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) is a sterol transporter expressed in the apical membrane of enterocytes and hepatocytes. NPC1L1 resembles the lysosomal NPC1 protein including an N-terminal domain (NTD), which binds a variety of sterols. The molecular mechanisms underlying this multiligand specificity of the NTD of NPC1L1 (NPC1L1-NTD) are not known. On the basis of the crystal structure of NPC1L1-NTD, we have investigated the structural details of protein-sterol interactions using molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area calculations here. We found a good agreement between experimental and calculated binding affinities with similar ranking of various sterol ligands. We defined hydrogen bonding of sterol ligands via the 3'-β-hydroxy group inside the binding pose as instrumental in stabilizing the interaction. A leucine residue (LEU213) at the mouth of the binding pocket transiently opens to allow for the access of sterol into the binding pose. Our calculations also predict that NPC1L1-NTD binds polyene sterols, such as dehydroergosterol or cholestatrienol with high affinity, which validates their use in future experiments as close intrinsically fluorescent cholesterol analogs. A free energy decomposition and computational mutation analysis revealed that the binding of various sterols to NPC1L1-NTD depends critically on specific amino acid residues within the binding pocket. Some of these residues were previously detected as being relevant for intestinal cholesterol absorption. We show that clinically known mutations in the NPC1L1-NTD associated with lowered risk of coronary heart disease result in strongly reduced binding energies, providing a molecular explanation for the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthanathan Poongavanam
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy and Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy and Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy and Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Southern
Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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33
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Wheeler S, Sillence DJ. Niemann-Pick type C disease: cellular pathology and pharmacotherapy. J Neurochem 2019; 153:674-692. [PMID: 31608980 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) was first described in 1914 and affects approximately 1 in 150 000 live births. It is characterized clinically by diverse symptoms affecting liver, spleen, motor control, and brain; premature death invariably results. Its molecular origins were traced, as late as 1997, to a protein of late endosomes and lysosomes which was named NPC1. Mutation or absence of this protein leads to accumulation of cholesterol in these organelles. In this review, we focus on the intracellular events that drive the pathology of this disease. We first introduce endocytosis, a much-studied area of dysfunction in NPCD cells, and survey the various ways in which this process malfunctions. We briefly consider autophagy before attempting to map the more complex pathways by which lysosomal cholesterol storage leads to protein misregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. We then briefly introduce the metabolic pathways of sphingolipids (as these emerge as key species for treatment) and critically examine the various treatment approaches that have been attempted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wheeler
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| | - Dan J Sillence
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
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34
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Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Cholesterol Binding to the NPC1 and NPC2 Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1135:139-160. [PMID: 31098815 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14265-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing number of studies have implicated the coordinated action of NPC1 and NPC2 in intralysosomal transport and efflux of cholesterol. Our current understanding of this process developed with just over two decades of research. Since the cloning of the genes encoding the NPC1 and NPC2 proteins, studies of the biochemical defects observed when either gene is mutated along with computational and structural studies have unraveled key steps in the underlying mechanism. Here, we summarize the major contributions to our understanding of the proposed cholesterol transport controlled by NPC1 and NPC2, and briefly discuss recent findings of cholesterol binding and transport proteins beyond NPC1 and NPC2. We conclude with key questions and major challenges for future research on cholesterol transport by the NPC1 and NPC2 proteins.
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35
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Pfeffer SR. NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1)-mediated cholesterol export from lysosomes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1706-1709. [PMID: 30710017 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.004165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein particles are taken up by cells and delivered to the lysosome where their cholesterol esters are cleaved off by acid lipase. The released, free cholesterol is then exported from lysosomes for cellular needs or storage. This article summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of cholesterol export from lysosomes. Cholesterol export requires NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) and NPC2, genetic mutations of which can cause Niemann-Pick type C disease, a disorder characterized by massive lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Analysis of the NPC1 and NPC2 structures and biochemical properties, together with new structures of the related Patched (PTCH) protein, provides new clues to the mechanisms by which NPC proteins may function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne R Pfeffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5307.
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36
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Vacca F, Vossio S, Mercier V, Moreau D, Johnson S, Scott CC, Montoya JP, Moniatte M, Gruenberg J. Cyclodextrin triggers MCOLN1-dependent endo-lysosome secretion in Niemann-Pick type C cells. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:832-843. [PMID: 30709900 PMCID: PMC6446697 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m089979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In specialized cell types, lysosome-related organelles support regulated secretory pathways, whereas in nonspecialized cells, lysosomes can undergo fusion with the plasma membrane in response to a transient rise in cytosolic calcium. Recent evidence also indicates that lysosome secretion can be controlled transcriptionally and promote clearance in lysosome storage diseases. In addition, evidence is also accumulating that low concentrations of cyclodextrins reduce the cholesterol-storage phenotype in cells and animals with the cholesterol storage disease Niemann-Pick type C, via an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that cyclodextrin triggers the secretion of the endo/lysosomal content in nonspecialized cells and that this mechanism is responsible for the decreased cholesterol overload in Niemann-Pick type C cells. We also find that the secretion of the endo/lysosome content occurs via a mechanism dependent on the endosomal calcium channel mucolipin-1, as well as FYCO1, the AP1 adaptor, and its partner Gadkin. We conclude that endo-lysosomes in nonspecialized cells can acquire secretory functions elicited by cyclodextrin and that this pathway is responsible for the decrease in cholesterol storage in Niemann-Pick C cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vacca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Vossio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Moreau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Shem Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Cameron C Scott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Paz Montoya
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marc Moniatte
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland.
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37
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Feltes M, Moores S, Gale SE, Krishnan K, Mydock-McGrane L, Covey DF, Ory DS, Schaffer JE. Synthesis and characterization of diazirine alkyne probes for the study of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:707-716. [PMID: 30617147 PMCID: PMC6399506 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d091470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential structural component of cellular membranes and precursor molecule for oxysterol, bile acid, and hormone synthesis. The study of intracellular cholesterol trafficking pathways has been limited in part due to a lack of suitable cholesterol analogues. Herein, we developed three novel diazirine alkyne cholesterol probes: LKM38, KK174, and KK175. We evaluated these probes as well as a previously described diazirine alkyne cholesterol analogue, trans-sterol, for their fidelity as cholesterol mimics and for study of cholesterol trafficking. LKM38 emerged as a promising cholesterol mimic because it both sustained the growth of cholesterol-auxotrophic cells and appropriately regulated key cholesterol homeostatic pathways. When presented as an ester in lipoprotein particles, LKM38 initially localized to the lysosome and subsequently trafficked to the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. LKM38 bound to diverse, established cholesterol binding proteins. Through a detailed characterization of the cellular behavior of a panel of diazirine alkyne probes using cell biological, biochemical trafficking assays and immunofluorescence approaches, we conclude that LKM38 can serve as a powerful tool for the study of cholesterol protein interactions and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna Feltes
- Departments of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Samantha Moores
- Departments of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sarah E Gale
- Departments of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kathiresan Krishnan
- Developmental Biology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Douglas F Covey
- Developmental Biology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Departments of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Departments of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Developmental Biology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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38
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Fantini J, Epand RM, Barrantes FJ. Cholesterol-Recognition Motifs in Membrane Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1135:3-25. [PMID: 31098808 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14265-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of cholesterol on the structure and function of membrane proteins was recognized several decades ago, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have remained elusive. There appear to be multiple mechanisms by which cholesterol interacts with proteins. A complete understanding of cholesterol-sensing motifs is still undergoing refinement. Initially, cholesterol was thought to exert only non-specific effects on membrane fluidity. It was later shown that this lipid could specifically interact with membrane proteins and affect both their structure and function. In this article, we have summarized and critically analyzed our evolving understanding of the affinity, specificity and stereoselectivity of the interactions of cholesterol with membrane proteins. We review the different computational approaches that are currently used to identify cholesterol binding sites in membrane proteins and the biochemical logic that governs each type of site, including CRAC, CARC, SSD and amphipathic helix motifs. There are physiological implications of these cholesterol-recognition motifs for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and ion channels, in membrane trafficking and membrane fusion (SNARE) proteins. There are also pathological implications of cholesterol binding to proteins involved in neurological disorders (Alzheimer, Parkinson, Creutzfeldt-Jakob) and HIV fusion. In each case, our discussion is focused on the key molecular aspects of the cholesterol and amino acid motifs in membrane-embedded regions of membrane proteins that define the physiologically relevant crosstalk between the two. Our understanding of the factors that determine if these motifs are functional in cholesterol binding will allow us enhanced predictive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Fantini
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Marseille, France. .,Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), UCA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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39
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Cholesterol transport system: An integrated cholesterol transport model involved in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:65-91. [PMID: 30528667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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40
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Petukh M, Zhulin IB. Comparative study of the effect of disease causing and benign mutations in position Q92 on cholesterol binding by the NPC1 n-terminal domain. Proteins 2018; 86:1165-1175. [PMID: 30183109 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) protein is a large transmembrane protein located in lysosomes/endosomes. NPC1 binds cholesterol (CLR) and transports it to cellular membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in NPC1 cause Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, a rare autosomal disorder characterized by intracellular accumulations of CLR and subsequent neurodegeneration leading to premature death. Among known disease-causing mutations in NPC1, Q92R is the one that is located in the N-terminal cholesterol-binding domain [NTD]. Here we study the effect of the mutation on the ability of NPC1 (NTD) to bind and retain CLR in the binding pocket using structural analysis. We compare characteristics of the Q92R and Q92S mutant type (MT) protein, which is predicted to be benign. We provide detailed investigation of the CLR-NPC1 (NTD) binding process; and propose the mechanism, by which Q92R mutation causes NPC disease. We show that although Q92 residue neither directly participates in catalytic activity of the NPC1 (NTD), nor defines its CLR-binding specificity - it is important for the overall protein structure as well as for providing favorable electrostatic environment for CLR transfer. Our results suggest that a negative electrostatic potential of the CLR binding site (the S-opening) might promote NPC2 interaction with NPC1 (NTD) and/or proper CLR orientation and its enforced transfer. We show that in contrast to the benign Q92S mutation, Q92R significantly reduces electrostatic potential around S-opening, and thus likely affects NPC1 (NTD)-NPC2 interaction and/or CLR transfer from NPC2 to NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Petukh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Igor B Zhulin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.,Center for Bioinformatics, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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41
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Sandhu J, Li S, Fairall L, Pfisterer SG, Gurnett JE, Xiao X, Weston TA, Vashi D, Ferrari A, Orozco JL, Hartman CL, Strugatsky D, Lee SD, He C, Hong C, Jiang H, Bentolila LA, Gatta AT, Levine TP, Ferng A, Lee R, Ford DA, Young SG, Ikonen E, Schwabe JWR, Tontonoz P. Aster Proteins Facilitate Nonvesicular Plasma Membrane to ER Cholesterol Transport in Mammalian Cells. Cell 2018; 175:514-529.e20. [PMID: 30220461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying sterol transport in mammalian cells are poorly understood. In particular, how cholesterol internalized from HDL is made available to the cell for storage or modification is unknown. Here, we describe three ER-resident proteins (Aster-A, -B, -C) that bind cholesterol and facilitate its removal from the plasma membrane. The crystal structure of the central domain of Aster-A broadly resembles the sterol-binding fold of mammalian StARD proteins, but sequence differences in the Aster pocket result in a distinct mode of ligand binding. The Aster N-terminal GRAM domain binds phosphatidylserine and mediates Aster recruitment to plasma membrane-ER contact sites in response to cholesterol accumulation in the plasma membrane. Mice lacking Aster-B are deficient in adrenal cholesterol ester storage and steroidogenesis because of an inability to transport cholesterol from SR-BI to the ER. These findings identify a nonvesicular pathway for plasma membrane to ER sterol trafficking in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Sandhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shiqian Li
- Department of Anatomy and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Louise Fairall
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Simon G Pfisterer
- Department of Anatomy and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Jennifer E Gurnett
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas A Weston
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dipti Vashi
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Alessandra Ferrari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jose L Orozco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Celine L Hartman
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - David Strugatsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen D Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cuiwen He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Laurent A Bentolila
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alberto T Gatta
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Tim P Levine
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Annie Ferng
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - John W R Schwabe
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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42
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Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes store cholesteryl esters in lipid droplets after cholesterol endocytosis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 224:6-16. [PMID: 30016698 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Chagas disease agent Trypanosoma cruzi proliferates in the insect vector as highly endocytic epimastigotes that store nutrients, including lipids in reservosomes (lysosome related compartments). Although nutrient storage is important for epimastigote transformation into infective metacyclics, the epimastigote lipid droplets (LDs) remain uncharacterized. Here, we characterized the epimastigote LDs and examined their relationship with the endocytic pathway. Fluorescence microscopy using BODIPY showed that LDs have high neutral lipid content and harbor Rab18, differently from other lipid-rich organelles (such as reservosomes). Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed a close relationship between LDs and the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and glycosomes. We developed a reproducible protocol to isolate LDs, and showed (by HTPLC and GC/MS analyses) that they have 89% neutral lipids and 11% phospholipids, which are likely to form the LD monolayer seen by TEM. The LD neutral lipids were mostly sterols, although triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol and free fatty acids (FFA) were also found. Endocytosis of 3H-labeled cholesterol-BSA showed that internalized cholesterol is stored in LDs mostly in the cholesteryl ester form. Together, these results suggest that exogenous cholesterol internalized by endocytosis reaches the reservosomes and is then stored into LDs after esterification.
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43
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Khan S, Khan FI, Mohammad T, Khan P, Hasan GM, Lobb KA, Islam A, Ahmad F, Imtaiyaz Hassan M. Exploring molecular insights into the interaction mechanism of cholesterol derivatives with the Mce4A: A combined spectroscopic and molecular dynamic simulation studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:548-560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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RND transporters in the living world. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:363-371. [PMID: 29577985 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transporters of the RND superfamily are well-known as the major drug efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria. However, they are widespread in organisms ranging from Archaea to Eukaryotes, and perform diverse functions. This review gives a brief overview of these diverse members of the superfamily with emphasis on their structure and functions.
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45
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Darwiche R, El Atab O, Cottier S, Schneiter R. The function of yeastCAPfamily proteins in lipid export, mating, and pathogen defense. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:1304-1311. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Darwiche
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Biology University of Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ola El Atab
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Biology University of Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Cottier
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Biology University of Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Biology University of Fribourg Switzerland
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46
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Chandler RJ, Williams IM, Gibson AL, Davidson CD, Incao AA, Hubbard BT, Porter FD, Pavan WJ, Venditti CP. Systemic AAV9 gene therapy improves the lifespan of mice with Niemann-Pick disease, type C1. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:52-64. [PMID: 27798114 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a heritable lysosomal storage disease characterized by a progressive neurological degeneration that causes disability and premature death. A murine model of NPC1 disease (Npc1-/-) displays a rapidly progressing form of NPC1 disease which is characterized by weight loss, ataxia, increased cholesterol storage, loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and early lethality. To test the potential efficacy of gene therapy for NPC1, we constructed adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors to deliver the NPC1 gene under the transcriptional control of the neuronal-specific (CamKII) or a ubiquitous (EF1a) promoter. The Npc1-/- mice that received a single dose of AAV9-CamKII-NPC1 as neonates (2.6 × 1011GC) or at weaning (1.3 × 1012GC), and the mice that received a single dose of AAV9-EF1a-NPC1 at weaning (1.2 × 1012GC), exhibited an increased life span, characterized by delayed weight loss and diminished motor decline. Cholesterol storage and Purkinje neuron loss were also reduced in the central nervous system of AAV9 treated Npc1-/- mice. Treatment with AAV9-EF1a-NPC1, as compared to AAV9-CamKII-NPC1, resulted in significantly increased survival (mean survival increased from 69 days to 166 and 97 days, respectively) and growth, and reduced hepatic-cholesterol accumulation. Our results provide the first demonstration that gene therapy may represent a therapeutic option for NPC1 patients and suggest that extraneuronal NPC1 expression can further augment the lifespan of the Npc1-/- mice after systemic AAV gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Chandler
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian M Williams
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alana L Gibson
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristin D Davidson
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Arturo A Incao
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon T Hubbard
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles P Venditti
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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47
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3.3 Å structure of Niemann-Pick C1 protein reveals insights into the function of the C-terminal luminal domain in cholesterol transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9116-9121. [PMID: 28784760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711716114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) and NPC2 proteins are indispensable for the export of LDL-derived cholesterol from late endosomes. Mutations in these proteins result in Niemann-Pick type C disease, a lysosomal storage disease. Despite recent reports of the NPC1 structure depicting its overall architecture, the function of its C-terminal luminal domain (CTD) remains poorly understood even though 45% of NPC disease-causing mutations are in this domain. Here, we report a crystal structure at 3.3 Å resolution of NPC1* (residues 314-1,278), which-in contrast to previous lower resolution structures-features the entire CTD well resolved. Notably, all eight cysteines of the CTD form four disulfide bonds, one of which (C909-C914) enforces a specific loop that in turn mediates an interaction with a loop of the N-terminal domain (NTD). Importantly, this loop and its interaction with the NTD were not observed in any previous structures due to the lower resolution. Our mutagenesis experiments highlight the physiological relevance of the CTD-NTD interaction, which might function to keep the NTD in the proper orientation for receiving cholesterol from NPC2. Additionally, this structure allows us to more precisely map all of the disease-causing mutations, allowing future molecular insights into the pathogenesis of NPC disease.
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48
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Castillo JJ, Jelinek D, Wei H, Gannon NP, Vaughan RA, Horwood LJ, Meaney FJ, Garcia-Smith R, Trujillo KA, Heidenreich RA, Meyre D, Orlando RA, LeBoeuf RC, Garver WS. The Niemann-Pick C1 gene interacts with a high-fat diet to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E183-E194. [PMID: 28487438 PMCID: PMC5582887 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00369.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported that common variation in the human Niemann-Pick C1 gene (NPC1) is associated with morbid adult obesity. This study was confirmed using our BALB/cJ Npc1 mouse model, whereby heterozygous mice (Npc1+/- ) with decreased gene dosage were susceptible to weight gain when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared with homozygous normal mice (Npc1+/+ ) fed the same diet. The objective for our current study was to validate this Npc1 gene-diet interaction using statistical modeling with fitted growth trajectories, conduct body weight analyses for different measures, and define the physiological basis responsible for weight gain. Metabolic phenotype analysis indicated no significant difference between Npc1+/+ and Npc1+/- mice fed a HFD for food and water intake, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, locomotor activity, adaptive thermogenesis, and intestinal lipid absorption. However, the livers from Npc1+/- mice had significantly increased amounts of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and increased expression of SREBP-1 target genes that regulate glycolysis and lipogenesis with an accumulation of triacylglycerol and cholesterol. Moreover, white adipose tissue from Npc1+/- mice had significantly decreased amounts of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase with decreased triacylglycerol lipolysis. Consistent with these results, cellular energy metabolism studies indicated that Npc1+/- fibroblasts had significantly increased glycolysis and lipogenesis, in addition to significantly decreased substrate (glucose and endogenous fatty acid) oxidative metabolism with an accumulation of triacylglycerol and cholesterol. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that the Npc1 gene interacts with a HFD to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David Jelinek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Hao Wei
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Health Sciences Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - L John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - F John Meaney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Randi Garcia-Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kristina A Trujillo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Randall A Heidenreich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Robert A Orlando
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Renee C LeBoeuf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Health Sciences Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - William S Garver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico;
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49
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Dani V, Priouzeau F, Mertz M, Mondin M, Pagnotta S, Lacas-Gervais S, Davy SK, Sabourault C. Expression patterns of sterol transporters NPC1 and NPC2 in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dani
- Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV); Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
- UMR7138, Equipe Symbiose Marine; Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Fabrice Priouzeau
- Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV); Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
- UMR7138, Equipe Symbiose Marine; Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Marjolijn Mertz
- Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV); Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Magali Mondin
- Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV); Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Sophie Pagnotta
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée; Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | | | - Simon K. Davy
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Cécile Sabourault
- Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV); Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
- UMR7138, Equipe Symbiose Marine; Université Côte d'Azur; Nice France
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50
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Phenanthridin-6-one derivatives as the first class of non-steroidal pharmacological chaperones for Niemann-Pick disease type C1 protein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2781-2787. [PMID: 28465104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disease mostly caused by mutations in Nieamnn-Pick type C1 (NPC1), a late endosomal membrane protein that is essential for intracellular cholesterol transport. The most prevalent mutation, I1061T (Ile to Thr), interferes with the protein folding process. Consequently, mutated but intrinsically functional NPC1 proteins are prematurely degraded via proteasome, leading to loss of NPC1 function. Previously, we reported sterol derivatives as pharmacological chaperones for NPC1, and showed that these derivatives can normalize folding-defective phenotypes of I1061T NPC1 mutant by directly binding to, and stabilizing, the protein. Here, we report a series of compounds containing a phenanthridin-6-one scaffold as the first class of non-steroidal pharmacological chaperones for NPC1. We also examined their structure-activity relationships.
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