1
|
Sen Sarma M, Tripathi PR. Natural history and management of liver dysfunction in lysosomal storage disorders. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1844-1861. [PMID: 36340750 PMCID: PMC9627439 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i10.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a rare group of genetic disorders. The major LSDs that cause liver dysfunction are disorders of sphingolipid lipid storage [Gaucher disease (GD) and Niemann-Pick disease] and lysosomal acid lipase deficiency [cholesteryl ester storage disease and Wolman disease (WD)]. These diseases can cause significant liver problems ranging from asymptomatic hepatomegaly to cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Abnormal storage cells initiate hepatic fibrosis in sphingolipid disorders. Dyslipidemia causes micronodular cirrhosis in lipid storage disorders. These disorders must be keenly differentiated from other chronic liver diseases and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that affect children and young adults. GD, Niemann-Pick type C, and WD also cause neonatal cholestasis and infantile liver failure. Genotype and liver phenotype correlation is variable in these conditions. Patients with LSD may survive up to 4-5 decades except for those with neonatal onset disease. The diagnosis of all LSD is based on enzymatic activity, tissue histology, and genetic testing. Enzyme replacement is possible in GD and Niemann-Pick types A and B though there are major limitations in the outcome. Those that progress invariably require liver transplantation with variable outcomes. The prognosis of Niemann-Pick type C and WD is universally poor. Enzyme replacement therapy has a promising role in cholesteryl ester storage disease. This review attempts to outline the natural history of these disorders from a hepatologist’s perspective to increase awareness and facilitate better management of these rare disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moinak Sen Sarma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Parijat Ram Tripathi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankura Hospital for Women and Children, Hyderabad 500072, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carsana EV, Lunghi G, Prioni S, Mauri L, Loberto N, Prinetti A, Zucca FA, Bassi R, Sonnino S, Chiricozzi E, Duga S, Straniero L, Asselta R, Soldà G, Samarani M, Aureli M. Massive Accumulation of Sphingomyelin Affects the Lysosomal and Mitochondria Compartments and Promotes Apoptosis in Niemann-Pick Disease Type A. J Mol Neurosci 2022. [PMID: 35727525 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type A disease (NPA) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). ASM deficiency leads to the consequent accumulation of its uncatabolized substrate, the sphingolipid sphingomyelin (SM), causing severe progressive brain disease. To study the effect of the aberrant lysosomal accumulation of SM on cell homeostasis, we loaded skin fibroblasts derived from a NPA patient with exogenous SM to mimic the levels of accumulation characteristic of the pathological neurons. In SM-loaded NPA fibroblasts, we found the blockage of the autophagy flux and the impairment of the mitochondrial compartment paralleled by the altered transcription of several genes, mainly belonging to the electron transport chain machinery and to the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, SM loading induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor EB that promotes the lysosomal biogenesis and exocytosis. Interestingly, we obtained similar biochemical findings in the brain of the NPA mouse model lacking ASM (ASMKO mouse) at the neurodegenerative stage. Our work provides a new in vitro model to study NPA etiopathology and suggests the existence of a pathogenic lysosome-plasma membrane axis that with an impairment in the mitochondrial activity is responsible for the cell death.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yılmaz Aİ, Uğurlu B, Ünal G, Tokgöz H, Pekcan S. The coexistence of two rare diseases thought to use the same pathologic pathway: cystic fibrosis and Niemann-Pick disease. Turk J Pediatr 2022; 64:1161-1164. [PMID: 36583901 DOI: 10.24953/turkjped.2022.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic, autosomal recessive disease, which is caused by a mutation in the transmembrane conduction regulator protein (CFTR) gene. We present a patient who was diagnosed with CF and later diagnosed with Niemann-Pick type-A (NPA) disease, which is an autosomal recessive lysosomal lipid storage disease. CASE A 2-month-old Syrian refugee patient was diagnosed with CF due to a high sweat test and two homozygous CFTR-related pathogenic gene mutations in our pediatric pulmonology clinic, where she was referred due to a high immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) value as a result of newborn screening. As the patient had neurological symptoms and hepatosplenomegaly that could not be explained by CF in the clinical follow-up, the patient was diagnosed with NPA was made with a cherry red spot on eye examination, foam cells in the bone marrow, and low sphingomyelinase activity, in addition to CF. CONCLUSIONS Although CF and NP have common systems of involvement in both diseases, pathological symptoms have different origins. If a patient with CF has simultaneous neuromotor delay, other autosomal recessive diseases that may accompany it should be suspected. In studies, similar pathological pathways related to abnormal cholesterol accumulation in the cell were detected between NP type C and CF. But our case was NPA. As case reports on the coexistence of the two diseases increase, we believe that a better understanding of similar pathological pathways may lead to new therapeutic targets for both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslı İmran Yılmaz
- Divisions of Pediatric Pulmonology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Betül Uğurlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Gökçen Ünal
- Divisions of Pediatric Pulmonology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Tokgöz
- Divisions of Pediatric Hematology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sevgi Pekcan
- Divisions of Pediatric Pulmonology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Malwal SR, Oldfield E. Mycobacterial membrane protein Large 3-like-family proteins in bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals: A bioinformatics and structural investigation. Proteins 2021; 90:776-790. [PMID: 34739144 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid transporters play an important role in most if not all organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. For example, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the trehalose monomycolate transporter MmpL3 is involved in cell wall biosynthesis, while in humans, cholesterol transporters are involved in normal cell function as well as in disease. Here, using structural and bioinformatics information, we propose that there are proteins that also contain "MmpL3-like" (MMPL) transmembrane (TM) domains in many protozoa, including Trypanosoma cruzi, as well as in the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, where the fatty acid transporter FarE has the same set of "active-site" residues as those found in the mycobacterial MmpL3s, and in T. cruzi. We also show that there are strong sequence and predicted structural similarities between the TM proton-translocation domain seen in the X-ray structures of mycobacterial MmpL3s and several human as well as fungal lipid transporters, leading to the proposal that there are similar proteins in apicomplexan parasites, and in plants. The animal, fungal, apicomplexan, and plant proteins have larger extra-membrane domains than are found in the bacterial MmpL3, but they have a similar TM domain architecture, with the introduction of a (catalytically essential) Phe > His residue change, and a Ser/Thr H-bond network, involved in H+ -transport. Overall, the results are of interest since they show that MMPL-family proteins are present in essentially all life forms: archaea, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants and animals and, where known, they are involved in "lipid" (glycolipid, phospholipid, sphingolipid, fatty acid, cholesterol, ergosterol) transport, powered by transmembrane molecular pumps having similar structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish R Malwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parihar J, Dash D, Aggarwal B, Kabra M, Rajan R, Vibha D, Singh RK, Bhatia R, Gupta N, Tripathi M. Spectrum of Movement Disorders of Late-Onset Niemann-Pick Disease Type C. Can J Neurol Sci 2021;:1-5. [PMID: 34526163 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, which has a variable presentation based on the age of onset. We describe five adult/adolescent-onset NPC cases presenting with a range of movement disorders along with vertical supranuclear gaze palsy as part of the clinical presentation. A diagnostic delay of 4-17 years from the symptom onset was found in this case series. A high index of clinical suspicion in adult/adolescent patients presenting with vertical supranuclear gaze palsy along with various movement disorder phenomenology can help in the early diagnosis of NPC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bartoll A, Toledano-Zaragoza A, Casas J, Guzmán M, Schuchman EH, Ledesma MD. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11776. [PMID: 33016621 PMCID: PMC7645369 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) leads to cellular accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM), neurodegeneration, and early death. Here, we describe the downregulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in neurons of ASM knockout (ASM‐KO) mice and a ASMD patient. High SM reduced expression of the eCB receptor CB1 in neuronal processes and induced its accumulation in lysosomes. Activation of CB1 receptor signaling, through inhibition of the eCB‐degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), reduced SM levels in ASM‐KO neurons. Oral treatment of ASM‐KO mice with a FAAH inhibitor prevented SM buildup; alleviated inflammation, neurodegeneration, and behavioral alterations; and extended lifespan. This treatment showed benefits even after a single administration at advanced disease stages. We also found CB1 receptor downregulation in neurons of a mouse model and a patient of another sphingolipid storage disorder, Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC). We showed the efficacy of FAAH inhibition to reduce SM and cholesterol levels in NPC patient‐derived cells and in the brain of a NPC mouse model. Our findings reveal a pathophysiological crosstalk between neuronal SM and the eCB system and offer a new treatment for ASMD and other sphingolipidoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Bartoll
- Centro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Guzmán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Picillo M, Amboni M, Bruni A, Maletta R, Barone P. Prevalence of heterozygous mutations in Niemann-Pick type C genes in a cohort of progressive supranuclear palsy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 79:9-10. [PMID: 32858489 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Picillo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - Marianna Amboni
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy; IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Bruni
- Centro Regionale di Neurogenetica, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maletta
- Centro Regionale di Neurogenetica, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yañez MJ, Marín T, Balboa E, Klein AD, Alvarez AR, Zanlungo S. Finding pathogenic commonalities between Niemann-Pick type C and other lysosomal storage disorders: Opportunities for shared therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165875. [PMID: 32522631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are diseases characterized by the accumulation of macromolecules in the late endocytic system and are caused by inherited defects in genes that encode mainly lysosomal enzymes or transmembrane lysosomal proteins. Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD), a LSD characterized by liver damage and progressive neurodegeneration that leads to early death, is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. Both proteins are involved in the transport of cholesterol from the late endosomal compartment to the rest of the cell. Loss of function of these proteins causes primary cholesterol accumulation, and secondary accumulation of other lipids, such as sphingolipids, in lysosomes. Despite years of studying the genetic and molecular bases of NPCD and related-lysosomal disorders, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these diseases are not fully understood. In this review we will summarize the pathogenic mechanisms described for NPCD and we will discuss their relevance for other LSDs with neurological components such as Niemann- Pick type A and Gaucher diseases. We will particularly focus on the activation of signaling pathways that may be common to these three pathologies with emphasis on how the intra-lysosomal accumulation of lipids leads to pathology, specifically to neurological impairments. We will show that although the primary lipid storage defect is different in these three LSDs, there is a similar secondary accumulation of metabolites and activation of signaling pathways that can lead to common pathogenic mechanisms. This analysis might help to delineate common pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for lysosomal storage diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Yañez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Marín
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Balboa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - A R Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; CARE UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cooper JA, Church HJ, Wu HY. Cholestane-3β, 5α, 6β-triol: Further insights into the performance of this oxysterol in diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:77-86. [PMID: 32178982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the oxysterol species cholestane-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (C-triol) has found application as a diagnostic biomarker for Niemann-Pick disease type C. Other studies have described increased C-triol in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type A/B and milder increases in lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD), whereas they note normal C-triol levels in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) and familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) patients. Herein, we review data collected in our laboratory during method evaluation along with 5 years of routine analysis and present findings which differ from those reported by other groups with respect to LALD, SLOS and FH in particular, whilst providing further evidence regarding the clinical sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker, which are difficult to accurately assess. All of our Wolman disease (severe LALD) patients have demonstrated gross elevations of C-triol at diagnosis, with reduction to normal levels after induction of enzyme replacement therapy. In diagnostic specimens from SLOS patients we observed very low or undetectable C-triol levels whereas in post-therapeutic SLOS patients demonstrated normalised levels; we also describe a homozygous FH patient in which C-triol is significantly elevated. Upon investigation, we found that C-triol was formed artefactually from cholesterol during our sample preparation, i.e. this is a false positive of analytical origin; at present it is unclear whether similar effects occur during sample preparation in other laboratories. Our data demonstrates clinical sensitivity of 100% during routine application to diagnostic specimens; this is in keeping with other estimates, yet in a small proportion of patients diagnosed prior to C-triol measurement, either by Filipin staining of fibroblasts or molecular genetics, we have observed normal C-triol concentrations. Clinical specificity of C-triol alone is 93.4% and 95.3% when performed in conjunction with lysosomal enzymology. These performance statistics are very similar to those achieved with Filipin staining of cultured fibroblasts in the 5 years preceding introduction of C-triol to routine use in our laboratory. It is increasingly apparent to us that although this analyte is a very useful addition to the diagnostic tools available for NPC, with considerable advantages over more invasive and time-consuming methods, the interpretation of results is complex and should be undertaken only in light of clinical details and results of other analyses including enzymology for lysosomal acid lipase and acid sphingomyelinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Cooper
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - H J Church
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - H Y Wu
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wheeler S, Sillence DJ. Niemann-Pick type C disease: cellular pathology and pharmacotherapy. J Neurochem 2019; 153:674-692. [PMID: 31608980 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) was first described in 1914 and affects approximately 1 in 150 000 live births. It is characterized clinically by diverse symptoms affecting liver, spleen, motor control, and brain; premature death invariably results. Its molecular origins were traced, as late as 1997, to a protein of late endosomes and lysosomes which was named NPC1. Mutation or absence of this protein leads to accumulation of cholesterol in these organelles. In this review, we focus on the intracellular events that drive the pathology of this disease. We first introduce endocytosis, a much-studied area of dysfunction in NPCD cells, and survey the various ways in which this process malfunctions. We briefly consider autophagy before attempting to map the more complex pathways by which lysosomal cholesterol storage leads to protein misregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. We then briefly introduce the metabolic pathways of sphingolipids (as these emerge as key species for treatment) and critically examine the various treatment approaches that have been attempted to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wheeler
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| | - Dan J Sillence
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gascon JM, Oliveri V, McGown A, Kaya E, Chen Y, Austin C, Walker M, Platt FM, Vecchio G, Spencer J. Synthesis and Study of Multifunctional Cyclodextrin-Deferasirox Hybrids. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1484-1492. [PMID: 31162826 PMCID: PMC6771688 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal dyshomeostasis is central to a number of disorders that result from, inter alia, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and cholesterol dyshomeostasis. In this respect, metal deficiencies are usually readily corrected by treatment with supplements, whereas metal overload can be overcome by the use of metal-selective chelation therapy. Deferasirox, 4-[(3Z,5E)-3,5-bis(6-oxo-1-cyclohexa-2,4-dienylidene)-1,2,4-triazolidin-1-yl]benzoic acid, Exjade, or ICL670, is used clinically to treat hemosiderosis (iron overload), which often results from multiple blood transfusions. Cyclodextrins are cyclic glucose units that are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry as formulating agents as well as for encapsulating hydrophobic molecules such as in the treatment of Niemann-Pick type C or for hypervitaminosis. We conjugated deferasirox, via an amide coupling reaction, to both 6A -amino-6A -deoxy-β-cyclodextrin and 3A -amino-3A -deoxy-2A (S),3A (S)-β-cyclodextrin, at the upper and lower rim, respectively, creating hybrid molecules with dual properties, capable of both metal chelation and cholesterol encapsulation. Our findings emphasize the importance of the conjugation of β-cyclodextrin with deferasirox to significantly improve the biological properties and to decrease the cytotoxicity of this drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Gascon
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerBrightonEast SussexBN1 9QJUK
| | - Valentina Oliveri
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerBrightonEast SussexBN1 9QJUK
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di CataniaViale A. Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - Andrew McGown
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerBrightonEast SussexBN1 9QJUK
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3QTUK
| | - Yu‐Lin Chen
- Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonFranklin Wilkins BuildingLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - Carol Austin
- Eurofins Selcia Drug DiscoveryFyfield Business & Research ParkFyfield Road, OngarEssexCM5 0GSUK
| | - Martin Walker
- Eurofins Selcia Drug DiscoveryFyfield Business & Research ParkFyfield Road, OngarEssexCM5 0GSUK
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3QTUK
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di CataniaViale A. Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - John Spencer
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerBrightonEast SussexBN1 9QJUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Capron T, Trigui Y, Gautier C, Puech B, Chanez P, Reynaud-Gaubert M. Respiratory impairment in Niemann-Pick B disease: Two case reports and review for the pulmonologist. Respir Med Res 2019; 76:13-18. [PMID: 31254945 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), also called Niemann-Pick disease, is a storage disorder with pulmonary involvement but few respiratory symptoms in adults. However, the disease may evolve towards clinically relevant respiratory symptoms with referral to the pulmonologist for management and care. Based on two case reports illustrating respiratory impairment, the aim of this work was to review clinical features, diagnosis, respiratory prognostic and therapeutics for the pulmonologist. Overall, storage disorder should be suspected in the presence of hepatosplenomegaly and interstitial lung disease. Concomitant thrombopenia or hyperlipidemia should also draw attention. Following recent consensus guidelines, diagnosis is based on enzyme assay for ASM activity in blood, with subsequent gene sequencing once the biochemical diagnosis has been confirmed. Disease is slowly progressive and the main causes of death are respiratory and liver failure. Presence of emphysema lesions or worsening of respiratory symptoms should call for the intensification of treatment. Though enzyme replacement therapy is a promising way of development, lung transplantation might be considered for these patients in the absence of contraindication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Capron
- Centre de compétences national maladies pulmonaires rares, équipe de transplantation pulmonaire, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13915 Marseille, France.
| | - Y Trigui
- Clinique des bronches, allergies et sommeil, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - C Gautier
- Centre de compétences national maladies pulmonaires rares, équipe de transplantation pulmonaire, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - B Puech
- Service de radiologie, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - P Chanez
- Clinique des bronches, allergies et sommeil, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - M Reynaud-Gaubert
- Centre de compétences national maladies pulmonaires rares, équipe de transplantation pulmonaire, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13915 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hammond N, Munkacsi AB, Sturley SL. The complexity of a monogenic neurodegenerative disease: More than two decades of therapeutic driven research into Niemann-Pick type C disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1109-1123. [PMID: 31002946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease typified by aberrations in intracellular lipid transport. Cholesterol and other lipids accumulate in the late endosome/lysosome of all diseased cells thereby causing neuronal and visceral atrophy. A cure for NP-C remains elusive despite the extensive molecular advances emanating from the identification of the primary genetic defect in 1997. Penetration of the blood-brain barrier and efficacy in the viscera are prerequisites for effective therapy, however the rarity of NP-C disease is the major impediment to progress. Disease diagnosis is challenging and establishment of appropriate test populations for clinical trials difficult. Fortunately, disease models that span the diversity of microbial and metazoan life have been utilized to advance the quest for a therapy. The complexity of lipid storage in this disorder and in the model systems, has led to multiple theories on the primary disease mechanism and consequently numerous and varied proposed interventions. Here, we conduct an evaluation of these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hammond
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Munkacsi
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen L Sturley
- Department of Biology, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are caused for the most part by enzyme deficiencies within the lysosome resulting in accumulation of undegraded substrate. This storage process leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the specific substrate and site of accumulation. Examples of LSDs include the mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, the Niemann-Pick disorders, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This review summarizes the main clinical features, diagnosis, and management of LSDs with an emphasis on those for which treatment is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are caused for the most part by enzyme deficiencies within the lysosome resulting in accumulation of undegraded substrate. This storage process leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the specific substrate and site of accumulation. Examples of LSDs include the mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, the Niemann-Pick disorders, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This review summarizes the main clinical features, diagnosis, and management of LSDs with an emphasis on those for which treatment is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wilson RD, De Bie I, Armour CM, Brown RN, Campagnolo C, Carroll JC, Okun N, Nelson T, Zwingerman R, Audibert F, Brock JA, Brown RN, Campagnolo C, Carroll JC, De Bie I, Johnson JA, Okun N, Pastruck M, Vallée-Pouliot K, Wilson RD, Zwingerman R, Armour C, Chitayat D, De Bie I, Fernandez S, Kim R, Lavoie J, Leonard N, Nelson T, Taylor S, Van Allen M, Van Karnebeek C. Joint SOGC-CCMG Opinion for Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening: An Update for All Canadian Providers of Maternity and Reproductive Healthcare in the Era of Direct-to-Consumer Testing. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2018; 38:742-762.e3. [PMID: 27638987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This guideline was written to update Canadian maternity care and reproductive healthcare providers on pre- and postconceptional reproductive carrier screening for women or couples who may be at risk of being carriers for autosomal recessive (AR), autosomal dominant (AD), or X-linked (XL) conditions, with risk of transmission to the fetus. Four previous SOGC- Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG) guidelines are updated and merged into the current document. INTENDED USERS All maternity care (most responsible health provider [MRHP]) and paediatric providers; maternity nursing; nurse practitioner; provincial maternity care administrator; medical student; and postgraduate resident year 1-7. TARGET POPULATION Fertile, sexually active females and their fertile, sexually active male partners who are either planning a pregnancy or are pregnant (preferably in the first trimester of pregnancy, but any gestational age is acceptable). OPTIONS Women and their partners will be able to obtain appropriate genetic carrier screening information and possible diagnosis of AR, AD, or XL disorders (preferably pre-conception), thereby allowing an informed choice regarding genetic carrier screening and reproductive options (e.g., prenatal diagnosis, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, egg or sperm donation, or adoption). OUTCOMES Informed reproductive decisions related to genetic carrier screening and reproductive outcomes based on family history, ethnic background, past obstetrical history, known carrier status, or genetic diagnosis. SOGC REPRODUCTIVE CARRIER SCREENING SUMMARY STATEMENT (2016): Pre-conception or prenatal education and counselling for reproductive carrier screening requires a discussion about testing within the three perinatal genetic carrier screening/diagnosis time periods, which include pre-conception, prenatal, and neonatal for conditions currently being screened for and diagnosed. This new information should be added to the standard reproductive carrier screening protocols that are already being utilized by the most responsible maternity provider through the informed consent process with the patient. (III-A; GRADE low/moderate) SOGC OVERVIEW OF RECOMMENDATIONS QUALITY AND GRADE: There was a strong observational/expert opinion (quality and grade) for the genetic carrier literature with randomized controlled trial evidence being available only for the invasive testing. Both the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care quality and classification and the GRADE evidence quality and grade are provided. EVIDENCE MEDLINE; PubMed; government neonatal screening websites; key words/common reproductive genetic carrier screened diseases/previous SOGC Guidelines/medical academic societies (Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine [SMFM]; American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG]; CCMG; Royal College Obstetrics and Gynaecology [RCOG] [UK]; American Society of Human Genetics [ASHG]; International Society of Prenatal Diagnosis [ISPD])/provincial neonatal screening policies and programs; search terms (carrier screening, prenatal screening, neonatal genetic/metabolic screening, cystic fibrosis (CF), thalassemia, hemoglobinopathy, hemophilia, Fragile X syndrome (FXS), spinal muscular atrophy, Ashkenazi Jewish carrier screening, genetic carrier screening protocols, AR, AD, XL). SEARCH PERIOD 10 years (June 2005-September 2015); initial search dates June 30, 2015 and September 15, 2015; completed final search January 4, 2016. Validation of articles was completed by primary authors RD Wilson and I De Bie. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COST Benefits are to provide an evidenced based reproductive genetic carrier screening update consensus based on international opinions and publications for the use of Canadian women, who are planning a pregnancy or who are pregnant and have been identified to be at risk (personal or male partner family or reproductive history) for the transmission of a clinically significant genetic condition to their offspring with associated morbidity and/or mortality. Harm may arise from having counselling and informed testing of the carrier status of the mother, their partner, or their fetus, as well as from declining to have this counselling and informed testing or from not having the opportunity for counselling and informed testing. Costs will ensue both from the provision of opportunities for counselling and testing, as well as when no such opportunities are offered or are declined and the birth of a child with a significant inherited condition and resulting morbidity/mortality occurs; these comprise not only the health care costs to the system but also the social/financial/psychological/emotional costs to the family. These recommendations are based on expert opinion and have not been subjected to a health economics assessment and local or provincial implementation will be required. GUIDELINE UPDATE This guideline is an update of four previous joint SOGC-CCMG Genetic Screening Guidelines dated 2002, 2006, 2008, and 2008 developed by the SOGC Genetic Committee in collaboration with the CCMG Prenatal Diagnosis Committee (now Clinical Practice Committee). 2016 CARRIER SCREENING RECOMMENDATIONS.
Collapse
|
17
|
Andersson HC. Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Lysosomal Storage Disorders Takes Advantage of Novel Therapies. J Pediatr 2017; 190:9-10. [PMID: 29144277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Andersson
- Hayward Genetics Center Tulane University Medical School New Orleans, Louisiana.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The eponym Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) refers to a group of patients who present with varying degrees of lipid storage and foam cell infiltration in tissues, as well as overlapping clinical features including hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary insufficiency and/or central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Due to the pioneering work of Roscoe Brady and co-workers, we now know that there are two distinct metabolic abnormalities that account for NPD. The first is due to the deficient activity of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM; "types A & B" NPD), and the second is due to defective function in cholesterol transport ("type C" NPD). Herein only types A and B NPD will be discussed. Type A NPD patients exhibit hepatosplenomegaly in infancy and profound CNS involvement. They rarely survive beyond 2-3years of age. Type B patients also have hepatosplenomegaly and pathologic alterations of their lungs, but there are usually no CNS signs. The age of onset and rate of disease progression varies greatly among type B patients, and they frequently live into adulthood. Intermediate patients also have been reported with mild to moderate neurological findings. All patients with types A and B NPD have mutations in the gene encoding ASM (SMPD1), and thus the disease is more accurately referred to as ASM deficiency (ASMD). Herein we will review the clinical, pathological, biochemical, and genetic findings in types A and B NPD, and emphasize the seminal contributions of Dr. Brady to this disease. We will also discuss the current status of therapy for this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Robert J Desnick
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lau MW, Lee RW, Miyamoto R, Jung ES, Yanjanin Farhat N, Yoshida S, Mori S, Gropman A, Baker EH, Porter FD. Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Prognostication and Treatment Monitoring in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1. Diseases 2016; 4:E29. [PMID: 28933409 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cholesterol sequestration within late endosomes and lysosomes, for which no reliable imaging marker exists for prognostication and management. Cerebellar volume deficits are found to correlate with disease severity and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the corpus callosum and brainstem, which has shown that microstructural disorganization is associated with NPC1 severity. This study investigates the utility of cerebellar DTI in clinical severity assessment. We hypothesize that cerebellar volume, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) negatively correlate with NIH NPC neurological severity score (NNSS) and motor severity subscores. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for thirty-nine NPC1 subjects, ages 1–21.9 years (mean = 11.1, SD = 6.1). Using an atlas-based automated approach, the cerebellum of each patient was measured for FA, MD and volume. Additionally, each patient was given an NNSS. Decreased cerebellar FA and volume, and elevated MD correlate with higher NNSS. The cognition subscore and motor subscores for eye movement, ambulation, speech, swallowing, and fine motor skills were also statistically significant. Microstructural disorganization negatively correlated with motor severity in subjects. Additionally, Miglustat therapy correlated with lower severity scores across ranges of FA, MD and volume in all regions except the inferior peduncle, where a paradoxical effect was observed at high FA values. These findings suggest that DTI is a promising prognostication tool.
Collapse
|
20
|
Espahbodi E, Yaghooti AA, Ostadalipour A, Marashi S. Anesthetic Management in a Child With Niemann-Pick Disease. Iran J Pediatr 2016; 26:e5479. [PMID: 28203333 PMCID: PMC5294925 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick is a lipid storage disease that results from a lysosomal enzyme deficiency (sphingomyelinase). It has different presentations, and it may affect various organs such as the central nervous system, kidney, liver, and spleen. Due to the complexity of the disease, careful perianesthetic management is necessary in order to reduce the risks and sequels. As there is little evidence available in the literature regarding the anesthetic implications of such patients, in this case report we describe the anesthetic management of a two-year-old female with Niemann-Pick disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Espahbodi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Yaghooti
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadalipour
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shaqayeq Marashi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Shaqayeq Marashi, Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9123257790, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Background: Owing to the extreme virulence and case fatality rate of ebola virus disease (EVD), there had been so much furore, panic and public health emergency about the possible pandemic from the recent West African outbreak of the disease, with attendant handful research, both in the past and most recently. The magnitude of the epidemic of ebola virus disease has prompted global interest and urgency in the discovery of measures to mitigate the impact of the disease. Researchers in the academia and the industry were pressured to only focus on the development of effective and safe ebola virus vaccines, without consideration of the other aspects to this virus, which may influence the success or otherwise of a potential vaccine. The objective of this review was to adopt the SWOT concept to elucidate the biological Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats to Ebola virus as a pathogen, with a view to understanding and devising holistic strategies at combating and overcoming the scourge of EVD. Method: This systematic review and narrative synthesis utilized Medline, PubMed, Google and other databases to select about 150 publications on ebola and ebola virus disease using text word searches to generate the specific terms. Relevant publications were reviewed and compared, findings were synthesized using a narrative method and summarized qualitatively. Results: Some of the identified strengths of ebola virus include: Ebola virus is an RNA virus with inherent capability to mutate, reassort and recombine to generate mutant or reassortant virulent strains; Ebola virus has a broad cellular tropism; Natural Reservoir of ebola virus is unconfirmed but fruit bats, arthropods, and plants are hypothesized; Ebola virus primarily targets and selectively destroys the immune system; Ebola viruses possess accessory proteins that inhibits the host’ immune responses; Secreted glycoprotein (sGP), a truncated soluble protein that triggers immune activation and increased vascular permeability is uniquely associated with Ebola virus only; Ability to effectively cross the species barrier and establish productive infection in humans, non human primates, and other mammals; Ebola virus attacks every part of the human body; The Weaknesses include: Ebola virus transmission and persistence is severely limited by its virulence; Ebola virus essentially requires host encoded protein Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1) for host’s cell’ entry; Ebola virus essentially requires host encoded proteins (TIM-1) for cell’ entry; Relative abundance of Ebolavirus Nucleoprotein than the other virion components; The Opportunities harnessed by ebola virus include: Lack of infection control practices in African health-care facilities and paucity of health infrastructures, especially in the endemic zones; Permissiveness of circulating Monocytes, Macrophages and dendritic cells in virus mobilization and dissemination; Collection, consumption and trade of wild games (bushmeats); Pertubation and drastic changes in forest ecosystems present opportunities for Ebola virus; Use of dogs in hunting predisposes man and animals to inter-species contact; Poverty, malnutrition, crowding, social disorder, mobility and political instability; Ease of travel and aviation as potentials for global spread; Possible mechanical transmission by arthropod vectors; No vaccines or therapeutics are yet approved for human treatment; The Threats to ebola virus include: Avoidance of direct contact with infected blood and other bodily fluids of infected patient; Appropriate and correct burial practices; Adoption of barrier Nursing; Improved surveillance to prevent potential spread of epidemic; Making Available Rapid laboratory equipment and procedures for prompt detection (ELISA, Western Blot, PCR); Sterilization or disinfection of equipment and safe disposal of instrument; Prompt hospitalization, isolation and quarantine of infected individual; Active contact tracing and monitoring, among others. Conclusion: The identified capacities and gaps presented in this study are inexhaustive framework to combat the ebola virus. To undermine and overcome the virus, focus should be aimed at strategically decreasing the identified strengths and opportunities, while increasing on the weaknesses of, and threats to the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oluyemi Babalola
- Epidemiology, Molecular Virology, and Special Pathogens Research, Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
García-Robles AA, Company-Albir MJ, Megías-Vericat JE, Fernández-Megía MJ, Pérez-Miralles FC, López-Briz E, Alcalá-Vicente C, Galeano I, Casanova B, Poveda JL. Use of 2 hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin therapy in two adult Niemann Pick Type C patients. J Neurol Sci 2016; 366:65-67. [PMID: 27288778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alejandra García-Robles
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| | - María José Company-Albir
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| | - Juan Eduardo Megías-Vericat
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain.
| | - María José Fernández-Megía
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| | - Francisco Carlos Pérez-Miralles
- Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe, Universitat de València, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Briz
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| | - Carmen Alcalá-Vicente
- Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe, Universitat de València, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| | - Inmaculada Galeano
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| | - Bonaventura Casanova
- Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe, Universitat de València, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| | - José Luis Poveda
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia-Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zampieri S, Filocamo M, Pianta A, Lualdi S, Gort L, Coll MJ, Sinnott R, Geberhiwot T, Bembi B, Dardis A. SMPD1 Mutation Update: Database and Comprehensive Analysis of Published and Novel Variants. Hum Mutat 2015; 37:139-47. [PMID: 26499107 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Types A and B (NPA/B) diseases are autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders caused by the deficient activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) because of the mutations in the SMPD1 gene. Here, we provide a comprehensive updated review of already reported and newly identified SMPD1 variants. Among them, 185 have been found in NPA/B patients. Disease-causing variants are equally distributed along the SMPD1 gene; most of them are missense (65.4%) or frameshift (19%) mutations. The most frequently reported mutation worldwide is the p.R610del, clearly associated with an attenuated NP disease type B phenotype. The available information about the impact of 52 SMPD1 variants on ASM mRNA and/or enzymatic activity has been collected and whenever possible, phenotype/genotype correlations were established. In addition, we created a locus-specific database easily accessible at http://www.inpdr.org/genes that catalogs the 417 SMPD1 variants reported to date and provides data on their in silico predicted effects on ASM protein function or mRNA splicing. The information reviewed in this article, providing new insights into the genotype/phenotype correlation, is extremely valuable to facilitate diagnosis and genetic counseling of families affected by NPA/B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zampieri
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pianta
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Susanna Lualdi
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Gort
- Sección Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo-IBC, Serv Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic; IDIBAPS; CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Coll
- Sección Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo-IBC, Serv Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic; IDIBAPS; CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Sinnott
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Two distinct metabolic abnormalities are encompassed under the eponym Niemann-Pick disease (NPD). The first is due to the deficient activity of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Patients with ASM deficiency are classified as having types A and B Niemann-Pick disease (NPD). Type A NPD patients exhibit hepatosplenomegaly in infancy and profound central nervous system involvement. They rarely survive beyond two years of age. Type B patients also have hepatosplenomegaly and pathologic alterations of their lungs, but there are usually no central nervous system signs. The age of onset and rate of disease progression varies greatly among type B patients, and they frequently live into adulthood. Recently, patients with phenotypes intermediate between types A and B NPD also have been identified. These individuals represent the expected continuum caused by inheriting different mutations in the ASM gene (SMPD1). Patients in the second NPD category are designated as having types C and D NPD. These patients may have mild hepatosplenomegaly, but the central nervous system is profoundly affected. Impaired intracellular trafficking of cholesterol causes types C and D NPD, and two distinct gene defects have been found. In this chapter only types A and B NPD will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 14-20A, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Melissa P Wasserstein
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Avenue, 1st Floor, Room AB1-12, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee R, Apkarian K, Jung ES, Yanjanin N, Yoshida S, Mori S, Park J, Gropman A, Baker EH, Porter FD. Corpus callosum diffusion tensor imaging and volume measures are associated with disease severity in pediatric Niemann-Pick disease type C1. Pediatr Neurol 2014; 51:669-674.e5. [PMID: 25194719 PMCID: PMC4696056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C1 is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. Without a highly effective treatment, biomarkers of severity would be beneficial for prognostication and testing new interventions. Diffusion tensor imaging has shown microstructural abnormalities in adults with Niemann-Pick disease type C1. This is the first study to apply diffusion tensor imaging and volume analysis to evaluate the corpus callosum in a pediatric and adolescent population of patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1. We hypothesized that the callosal fractional anisotropy, volume, and cross-sectional area will negatively correlate with NPC severity score. METHODS Thirty-nine individuals with Niemann-Pick disease type C1 aged 1-21.9 years (mean = 11.1; S.D. = 6.1), and each received one magnetic resonance imaging examination. Severity score were obtained by examination and clinical observation. An atlas-based automated approach was used to measure fractional anisotropy, cross-sectional area, and volume. For comparative analysis and validation of this atlas-based approach, one midsagittal image was chosen and the corpus callosum manually traced to obtain cross-sectional area. Statistical analyses were applied to study the relationships between imaging and clinical severity. RESULTS For patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1, lower corpus callosum fractional anisotropy, volume, and cross-sectional area significantly correlate with higher severity score. Severity subdomain analysis revealed ambulation, speech, seizures, and incontinence have the strongest relationships with callosal measures. Comparison of atlas-based processing and manual tracing techniques demonstrated validity for the automated method. CONCLUSIONS For individuals with Niemann-Pick disease type C1, the corpus callosum measures correlate with clinical severity. These findings reveal promise for the discovery of new imaging biomarkers for this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lee
- Department of Neurology, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii; Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.
| | - Kalyna Apkarian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eun Sol Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicole Yanjanin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shoko Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jina Park
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Division of Neurogenetics, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Eva H. Baker
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Alterations in macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as "autophagy") are a common feature of lysosomal storage disorders, and have been hypothesized to play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. We have recently reported multiple defects in autophagy contributing to the lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC). These include increased formation of autophagosomes, slowed turnover of autophagosomes secondary to impaired lysosomal proteolysis, and delivery of stored lipids to the lysosome via autophagy. The study summarized here describes novel methods for the interrogation of individual stages of the autophagic pathway, and suggests mechanisms by which lipid storage may result in broader lysosomal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Elrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|