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Crivaro A, Mucci J, Bondar C, Ormazabal M, Vaena E, Delpino M, Rozenfeld P. Bone marrow adipocytes alteration in an in vitro model of Gaucher Disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 36:100980. [PMID: 37275240 PMCID: PMC10232844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in GBA1 gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Up to now, specific treatment for GD cannot completely reverse bone complications. Bone is composed of different cell types; including osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are present on bone surfaces and are derived from local mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Depending on environment conditions, MSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Mature adipocytes-secreted adipokines and free fatty acids affect both osteoblasts and osteoclasts formation/activity and therefore mediate skeletal homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible alterations in GD adipocyte (GD Ad) that could contribute to bone complications. MSCs were grown in adipogenic media in order to evaluate expression of differentiation markers as PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ was observed into the nucleus of GD Ad, indicating that these cells are properly stimulated. However, these cells accumulate lesser lipid droplets (LDs) than Control Ad. In order to study lipid droplet metabolism, we evaluated the lipolysis of these structures by the measurement of free glycerol in culture supernatant. Our results indicated that GD Ad had an alteration in this process, evidenced by an increase in glycerol release. We have also evaluated two enzymes involved in LDs synthesis: fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1). The transcription of these genes was decreased in GD Ad, suggesting a dysfunction in the synthesis of LDs. In conclusion, our results show an alteration in LDs metabolism of GD Ad, independent of adipocyte differentiation process. This alteration would be caused by an increase in lipolysis in early stages of differentiation and also by a reduction of lipid synthesis, which could contribute with the skeletal imbalance in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Crivaro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - J.M. Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C. Bondar
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Ormazabal
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - E. Vaena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M.V. Delpino
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P.A. Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
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Blauwendraat C, Tayebi N, Woo EG, Lopez G, Fierro L, Toffoli M, Limbachiya N, Hughes D, Pitz V, Patel D, Vitale D, Koretsky MJ, Hernandez D, Real R, Alcalay RN, Nalls MA, Morris HR, Schapira AHV, Balwani M, Sidransky E. Polygenic Parkinson's Disease Genetic Risk Score as Risk Modifier of Parkinsonism in Gaucher Disease. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 36869417 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic pathogenic variants in GBA1 are the cause of Gaucher disease (GD) type 1 (GD1), a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficient glucocerebrosidase. Heterozygous GBA1 variants are also a common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). GD manifests with considerable clinical heterogeneity and is also associated with an increased risk for PD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of PD risk variants to risk for PD in patients with GD1. METHODS We studied 225 patients with GD1, including 199 without PD and 26 with PD. All cases were genotyped, and the genetic data were imputed using common pipelines. RESULTS On average, patients with GD1 with PD have a significantly higher PD genetic risk score than those without PD (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that variants included in the PD genetic risk score were more frequent in patients with GD1 who developed PD, suggesting that common risk variants may affect underlying biological pathways. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Geena Woo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Fierro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Limbachiya
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derralynn Hughes
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases Unit, Royal Free London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Hematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Pitz
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dhairya Patel
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Vitale
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mathew J Koretsky
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raquel Real
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manisha Balwani
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Sen Sarma M, Tripathi PR. Natural history and management of liver dysfunction in lysosomal storage disorders. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1844-1861. [PMID: 36340750 PMCID: PMC9627439 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i10.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a rare group of genetic disorders. The major LSDs that cause liver dysfunction are disorders of sphingolipid lipid storage [Gaucher disease (GD) and Niemann-Pick disease] and lysosomal acid lipase deficiency [cholesteryl ester storage disease and Wolman disease (WD)]. These diseases can cause significant liver problems ranging from asymptomatic hepatomegaly to cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Abnormal storage cells initiate hepatic fibrosis in sphingolipid disorders. Dyslipidemia causes micronodular cirrhosis in lipid storage disorders. These disorders must be keenly differentiated from other chronic liver diseases and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that affect children and young adults. GD, Niemann-Pick type C, and WD also cause neonatal cholestasis and infantile liver failure. Genotype and liver phenotype correlation is variable in these conditions. Patients with LSD may survive up to 4-5 decades except for those with neonatal onset disease. The diagnosis of all LSD is based on enzymatic activity, tissue histology, and genetic testing. Enzyme replacement is possible in GD and Niemann-Pick types A and B though there are major limitations in the outcome. Those that progress invariably require liver transplantation with variable outcomes. The prognosis of Niemann-Pick type C and WD is universally poor. Enzyme replacement therapy has a promising role in cholesteryl ester storage disease. This review attempts to outline the natural history of these disorders from a hepatologist’s perspective to increase awareness and facilitate better management of these rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moinak Sen Sarma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Parijat Ram Tripathi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankura Hospital for Women and Children, Hyderabad 500072, India
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Mistry PK, Kishnani P, Wanner C, Dong D, Bender J, Batista JL, Foster J. Rare lysosomal disease registries: lessons learned over three decades of real-world evidence. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:362. [PMID: 36244992 PMCID: PMC9573793 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are rare diseases, caused by inherited deficiencies of lysosomal enzymes/transporters, that affect 1 in 7000 to 1 in 8000 newborns. Individuals with LSDs face long diagnostic journeys during which debilitating and life-threatening events can occur. Clinical trials and classical descriptions of LSDs typically focus on common manifestations, which are not representative of the vast phenotypic heterogeneity encountered in real-world experience. Additionally, recognizing that there was a limited understanding of the natural history, disease progression, and real-world clinical outcomes of rare LSDs, a collaborative partnership was pioneered 30 years ago to address these gaps. The Rare Disease Registries (RDR) (for Gaucher, Fabry, Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, and Pompe), represent the largest observational database for these LSDs. Over the past thirty years, data from the RDRs have helped to inform scientific understanding and the development of comprehensive monitoring and treatment guidelines by creating a framework for data collection and establishing a standard of care, with an overarching goal to improve the quality of life of affected patients. Here, we highlight the history, process, and impact of the RDRs, and discuss the lessons learned and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Mistry
- Department of Medicine, Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - P Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - C Wanner
- University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - D Dong
- Global Operations and Advocacy Lead, Rare Disease Registries, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Bender
- Head of Global Rare Disease Registries, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J L Batista
- Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Foster
- Data Management, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Abstract
Human genetic studies as well as studies in animal models indicate that lysosomal dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Among the lysosomal genes involved, GBA1 has the largest impact on Parkinson's disease risk. Deficiency in the GBA1 encoded enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) leads to the accumulation of the GCase glycolipid substrates glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine and ultimately results in toxicity and inflammation and negatively affect many clinical aspects of Parkinson's disease, including disease risk, the severity of presentation, age of onset, and likelihood of progression to dementia. These findings support the view that re-establishing normal levels of GCase enzyme activity may reduce the progression of Parkinson's disease in patients carrying GBA1 mutations. Studies in mouse models indicate that PR001, a AAV9 vector-based gene therapy designed to deliver a functional GBA1 gene to the brain, suggest that this therapeutic approach may slow or stop disease progression. PR001 is currently being evaluated in clinical trials with Parkinson's disease patients carrying GBA1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Abeliovich
- Prevail Therapeutics, A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franz Hefti
- Prevail Therapeutics, A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sevigny
- Prevail Therapeutics, A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, New York, NY, USA
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Demirci I, Demir T, Dagdelen S, Haymana C, Tasci I, Atmaca A, Ertugrul D, Ata N, Sahin M, Salman S, Sahin I, Emral R, Unluturk U, Cakal E, Celik O, Caglayan M, Satman I, Sonmez A. No association of Gaucher Disease with COVID-19-related outcomes: a nationwide cohort study. Intern Med J 2021; 52:379-385. [PMID: 34939733 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented that patients with chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity are adversely affected by the Covid 19 pandemic. However, when the subject is rare metabolic diseases, there is not enough data in the literature. AIM To investigate course of COVID-19 among patients with Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disease. METHODS Based on the National Health System data, a retrospective cohort of patients with confirmed (PCR positive) COVID-19 infection (n = 149 618) was investigated. The adverse outcomes between patients with GD (n = 39) and those without GD (n = 149 579) were compared in crude and propensity score matched (PSM) groups. The outcomes were hospitalization, the composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or mechanical ventilation and mortality. RESULTS The patients with GD were significantly older and had a higher frequency of hypertension, T2DM, dyslipidemia, asthma or COPD, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cancer. Although hospitalization rates in Gaucher patients were found to be higher in crude analyzes, the PSM models (model 1, age- and gender-matched; model 2, matched for age, gender, hypertension, T2DM, and cancer) revealed no difference for the outcomes between patients with GD and the general population. According to multivariate regression analyses, having a diagnosis of GD was not a significant predictor for hospitalization (p = 0.241), ICU admission/mechanical ventilation (p = 0.403) or mortality (p = 0.231). CONCLUSION According to our national data, SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with GD does not have a more severe course than the normal population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Demirci
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Demir
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Dagdelen
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Haymana
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilker Tasci
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Atmaca
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Derun Ertugrul
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naim Ata
- Department of Strategy Development, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Salman
- Medica Clinic, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sahin
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Rifat Emral
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Unluturk
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Cakal
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Celik
- Public Hospitals General Directorate, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ilhan Satman
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Sonmez
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
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Kim S, Whitley CB, Jarnes JR. Chitotriosidase as a biomarker for gangliosidoses. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100803. [PMID: 34646735 PMCID: PMC8498089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum chitotriosidase (CHITO) is an indication of macrophage activation, and its capacity have been explored as a marker of inflammation in a number of disease states. For over a decade, CHITO plasma levels have been used by clinicians as a biomarker of inflammation in the lysosomal disease, Gaucher disease, including monitoring response to therapies in patients with Gaucher disease type I. Although it is becoming increasingly recognized that inflammation is a prominent component of many lysosomal diseases, the relation of CHITO levels to disease burden has not been well-characterized in the large majority of lysosomal diseases. Moreover, the role of CHITO in lysosomal diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) has not been systematically studied. In this study, one hundred and thirty-four specimens of CSF and serum were collected from 34 patients with lysosomal diseases affecting the CNS. This study included patients with GM1-gangliosidosis, GM2-gangliosidosis, mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), multiple sulfatase deficiency and Gaucher disease. CHITO levels in the CSF were significantly higher in patients with more rapidly progressing severe neurological impairment: GM1-gangliosidosis vs MPS (p < 0.0001); GM2-gangliosidosis vs MPS (p < 0.0001). CHITO levels were higher in patients with the more severe phenotypes compared to milder phenotypes in GM1-gangliosidosis and GM2-gangliosidosis (serum CHITO in GM1-gangliosidosis infantile vs juvenile p = 0.025; CSF CHITO in Tay-Sachs infantile vs Tay-Sachs late-onset p < 0.0001). Moreover, higher CHITO levels in the CSF were significantly associated with lower cognitive test scores in patients with GM1-gangliosidosis, GM2-gangliosidosis, and MPS (p = 1.12*10-5, R2 = 0.72). Patients with infantile GM1-gangliosidosis showed increasing CSF CHITO over time, suggesting that CSF CHITO reflects disease progression and a possible surrogate endpoint for future clinical trials with infantile GM1-gangliosidosis. In summary, these results support the use of CSF CHITO to diagnose between different disease phenotypes and as a valuable tool for monitoring disease progression in patients. These results necessitate the inclusion of CHITO as an exploratory biomarker for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Gene Therapy and Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 391, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chester B Whitley
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Gene Therapy and Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 391, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Advanced Therapies Program, University of Minnesota-Fairview, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 391, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jeanine R Jarnes
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Gene Therapy and Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 391, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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8
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Hopf S, Schuster AK, Hennermann JB, Pfeiffer N, Pitz S. Retinal thinning in phenylketonuria and Gaucher disease type 3. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:1153-1160. [PMID: 34636993 PMCID: PMC8913472 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal alterations in inherited metabolic diseases associated with neurodegeneration are poorly studied. The objective was to study retinal thickness, specifically the components of the ganglion cell complex (GCC)-nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL)-using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in two different diseases with potential dopaminergic depletion, phenylketonuria (PKU) and Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3). METHODS Retinal layers in 19 patients with PKU, 15 patients with GD3, and 93 healthy individuals were measured using peripapillary ring scan and macular SD-OCT. Linear mixed models were computed including an adjustment for age, sex, and spherical equivalent. We calculated Spearman's rank correlations between retinal layer measurements and clinical and/or laboratory parameters. RESULTS Thinning of total retinal thickness was found in the macular inner ring (p = 0.002), and outer ring (p = 0.012), sparing the fovea (p = 0.12) in PKU, while in GD3, all subfields were thinned (fovea p < 0.001, inner ring p = 0.047, outer ring 0.07). In both conditions, thinning was most evident in the NFL, GCL, and IPL, while OPL (outer plexiform layer) was thickened. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer measurements remained normal. GCL and IPL in PKU correlated with tyrosine serum concentration. CONCLUSION Thinning of the NFL, GCL, and IPL, with thickened OPL, are both found in PKU and in GD3. Low dopamine concentrations in the retina might promote these effects. However, these data do not give evidence that retinal measurements can be used as a biomarker for disease severity in patients with GD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hopf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia B Hennermann
- Villa Metabolica, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Pitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Orbital Center, Ophthalmic Clinic, Bürgerhospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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Parolo S, Tomasoni D, Bora P, Ramponi A, Kaddi C, Azer K, Domenici E, Neves-Zaph S, Lombardo R. Reconstruction of the Cytokine Signaling in Lysosomal Storage Diseases by Literature Mining and Network Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703489. [PMID: 34490253 PMCID: PMC8417786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of substrates in tissues due to the deficiency of lysosomal proteins. Among the numerous clinical manifestations, chronic inflammation has been consistently reported for several LSDs. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response are still not completely understood. In this study, we performed text-mining and systems biology analyses to investigate the inflammatory signals in three LSDs characterized by sphingolipid accumulation: Gaucher disease, Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency (ASMD), and Fabry Disease. We first identified the cytokines linked to the LSDs, and then built on the extracted knowledge to investigate the inflammatory signals. We found numerous transcription factors that are putative regulators of cytokine expression in a cell-specific context, such as the signaling axes controlled by STAT2, JUN, and NR4A2 as candidate regulators of the monocyte Gaucher disease cytokine network. Overall, our results suggest the presence of a complex inflammatory signaling in LSDs involving many cellular and molecular players that could be further investigated as putative targets of anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Parolo
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Danilo Tomasoni
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Pranami Bora
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alan Ramponi
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Chanchala Kaddi
- Data and Data Science - Translational Disease Modeling, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Karim Azer
- Data and Data Science - Translational Disease Modeling, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Susana Neves-Zaph
- Data and Data Science - Translational Disease Modeling, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Rosario Lombardo
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Italy
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10
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Abstract
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Rabbo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine.
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11
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Cole M, Zhorne L, Glykys J. Atypical Presentation of Primary Stabbing Headache in a Patient With Type 3 Gaucher Disease. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 116:57-58. [PMID: 33486419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Residency Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Leah Zhorne
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph Glykys
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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12
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Peters H, Ellaway C, Nicholls K, Reardon K, Szer J. Treatable lysosomal storage diseases in the advent of disease-specific therapy. Intern Med J 2021; 50 Suppl 4:5-27. [PMID: 33210402 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) comprise a rare and heterogeneous group of nearly 50 heritable metabolic disorders caused by mutations in proteins critical for cellular lysosomal function. Defects in the activity of these proteins in multiple organs leads to progressive intra-lysosomal accumulation of specific substrates, resulting in disruption of cellular functions, extracellular inflammatory responses, tissue damage and organ dysfunction. The classification and clinical presentation of different LSD are dependent on the type of accumulated substrate. Some clinical signs and symptoms are common across multiple LSD, while others are more specific to a particular syndrome. Due to the rarity and wide clinical diversity of LSD, identification and diagnosis can be challenging, and in many cases diagnosis is delayed for months or years. Treatments, such as enzyme replacement therapy, haemopoietic stem cell transplantation and substrate reduction therapy, are now available for some of the LSD. For maximum effect, therapy must be initiated prior to the occurrence of irreversible tissue damage, highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis. Herein, we discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of four of the treatable LSD: Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, Pompe disease, and two of the mucopolysaccharidoses (I and II). For each disease, we present illustrative case studies to help increase awareness of their clinical presentation and possible treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Peters
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ellaway
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathleen Nicholls
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina Reardon
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeff Szer
- Clinical Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Rozenfeld PA, Crivaro AN, Ormazabal M, Mucci JM, Bondar C, Delpino MV. Unraveling the mystery of Gaucher bone density pathophysiology. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:76-85. [PMID: 32782168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by pathogenic mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase. Despite the existence of a variety of specific treatments for GD, they cannot completely reverse bone complications. Many studies have evidenced the impairment in bone tissue of GD, and molecular mechanisms of bone density alterations in GD are being studied during the last years and different reports emphasized its efforts trying to unravel why and how bone tissue is affected. The cause of skeletal density affection in GD is a matter of debates between research groups. and there are two opposing hypotheses trying to explain reduced bone mineral density in GD: increased bone resorption versus impaired bone formation. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms of bone alterations implicated in GD revealed until the present, along with a presentation of normal bone physiology and its regulation. With this information in mind, we discuss effectiveness of specific therapies, introduce possible adjunctive therapies and present a novel model for GD-associated bone density pathogenesis. Under the exposed evidence, we may conclude that both sides of the balance of remodeling process are altered. In GD the observed osteopenia/osteoporosis may be the result of contribution of both reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - A N Crivaro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Ormazabal
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - J M Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Bondar
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M V Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. Córdoba 2351, (C1120ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Thomas DC, Sharma S, Puri RD, Verma IC, Verma J. Lysosomal storage disorders: Novel and frequent pathogenic variants in a large cohort of Indian patients of Pompe, Fabry, Gaucher and Hurler disease. Clin Biochem 2021; 89:14-37. [PMID: 33301762 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) remains challenging due to wide clinical, biochemical and molecular heterogeneity. The study applies a combined biochemical and genetic approach to diagnose symptomatic Indian patients of Pompe, Fabry, Gaucher and Hurler disease to generate a comprehensive dataset of pathogenic variants for these disorders. DESIGN & METHODS Symptomatic patients were biochemically diagnosed by fluorometric methods and molecular confirmation was carried out by gene sequencing. Genetic variants were analyzed according to the ACMG/AMP 2015 variant interpretation guidelines. RESULTS Amongst the 2181 suspected patients, 285 (13%) were biochemically diagnosed. Of these, 22.5% (64/285) diagnosed with Pompe disease harboured c.1933G>A, c.1A>G, c.1927G>A and c.2783G>C as common and 10 novel pathogenic variants while 7.4% (21/285) patients diagnosed with Fabry disease carried c.851T>C, c.902G>A, c.905A>C and c.1212_1234del as frequent disease-causing variants along with 7 novel pathogenic variants. As many as 48.4% (138/285) patients were diagnosed with Gaucher disease and had c.1448T>C as the most common pathogenic variant followed by c.1342G>C and c.754T>C with 7 previously unreported disease-causing variants and in the 21.7% (62/285) diagnosed cases of Hurler disease, c.1469T>C, c.754delC c.568_581del and c.1898C>T were identified as the most common causative variants along with 21 novel pathogenic variants. CONCLUSION This comprehensive data set of disease-causing frequent and novel pathogenic variants reported for the first time in such a large patient cohort for each of these four LSDs from the Indian sub-continent, along with their biochemical and clinical spectrum will contribute towards providing definitive diagnosis and treatment, identifying carrier status, as well as in counselling prenatal cases to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these disorders.
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15
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Ciana G, Dardis A, Pavan E, Da Riol RM, Biasizzo J, Ferino D, Zanatta M, Boni A, Antonini L, Crichiutti G, Bembi B. In vitro and in vivo effects of Ambroxol chaperone therapy in two Italian patients affected by neuronopathic Gaucher disease and epilepsy. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100678. [PMID: 33294373 PMCID: PMC7691604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the acid β-glucosidase encoding gene (GBA1), resulting in the deficient activity of acid β-glucosidase (GCase). To date, there is no approved treatment for the neurological manifestations of the disease. The role of Ambroxol as a chaperone for mutant GCase has been extensively demonstrated in vitro. Furthermore, different authors have reported beneficial effects of high doses of Ambroxol on neurological manifestations in patients affected by GD. In this report, we describe the in vitro and in vivo effects of Ambroxol in two patients (P1 and P2) affected by the neurological form of GD and epilepsy, carrying mutations already reported as responsive to the chaperone. Indeed, P1 presented the N188S mutation in compound heterozygous with a null allele (IVS2 + 1G > A) and P2 was homozygous for the L444P mutation. As expected, a beneficial effect of Ambroxol was observed in cultured fibroblasts as well as in vivo, both on epilepsy and on biomarkers of GD, in P1. However, Ambroxol was completely undefective in P2, suggesting that other factors besides the GBA1 mutation itself would be involved in the response therapy which would be difficult to predict based on the patient genotype. The present report expands the experience of Ambroxol treatment in neurological GD patients and highlights the need to in vitro test the individual response to Ambroxol even in patients carrying mutations already classified as responsive to the chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ciana
- Pediatric Department, Hospital of Merano, Merano, Italy.,Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pavan
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rosalia Maria Da Riol
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Jessica Biasizzo
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Dania Ferino
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Manuela Zanatta
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Boni
- U.O. di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Antonini
- UO di Neurofisiopatologia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
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16
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Perez-Canamas A, Takahashi H, Lindborg JA, Strittmatter SM. Fronto-temporal dementia risk gene TMEM106B has opposing effects in different lysosomal storage disorders. Brain Commun 2020; 3:fcaa200. [PMID: 33796852 PMCID: PMC7990118 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM106B is a transmembrane protein localized to the endo-lysosomal compartment. Genome-wide association studies have identified TMEM106B as a risk modifier of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, especially with progranulin haploinsufficiency. We recently demonstrated that TMEM106B loss rescues progranulin null mouse phenotypes including lysosomal enzyme dysregulation, neurodegeneration and behavioural alterations. However, the reason whether TMEM106B is involved in other neurodegenerative lysosomal diseases is unknown. Here, we evaluate the potential role of TMEM106B in modifying the progression of lysosomal storage disorders using progranulin-independent models of Gaucher disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. To study Gaucher disease, we employ a pharmacological approach using the inhibitor conduritol B epoxide in wild-type and hypomorphic Tmem106b-/- mice. TMEM106B depletion ameliorates neuronal degeneration and some behavioural abnormalities in the pharmacological model of Gaucher disease, similar to its effect on certain progranulin null phenotypes. In order to examine the role of TMEM106B in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, we crossbred Tmem106b-/- mice with Ppt1-/-, a genetic model of the disease. In contrast to its conduritol B epoxide-rescuing effect, TMEM106B loss exacerbates Purkinje cell degeneration and motor deficits in Ppt1-/- mice. Mechanistically, TMEM106B is known to interact with subunits of the vacuolar ATPase and influence lysosomal acidification. In the pharmacological Gaucher disease model, the acidified lysosomal compartment is enhanced and TMEM106B loss rescues in vivo phenotypes. In contrast, gene-edited neuronal loss of Ppt1 causes a reduction in vacuolar ATPase levels and impairment of the acidified lysosomal compartment, and TMEM106B deletion exacerbates the mouse Ppt1-/- phenotype. Our findings indicate that TMEM106B differentially modulates the progression of the lysosomal storage disorders Gaucher disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. The effect of TMEM106B in neurodegeneration varies depending on vacuolar ATPase state and modulation of lysosomal pH. These data suggest TMEM106B as a target for correcting lysosomal pH alterations, and in particular for therapeutic intervention in Gaucher disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Perez-Canamas
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jane A Lindborg
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Crivaro A, Bondar C, Mucci JM, Ormazabal M, Feldman RA, Delpino MV, Rozenfeld PA. Gaucher disease-associated alterations in mesenchymal stem cells reduce osteogenesis and favour adipogenesis processes with concomitant increased osteoclastogenesis. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:274-282. [PMID: 32536424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by pathogenic mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase. Until now, treatments for GD cannot completely reverse bone problems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of MSCs from GD patients (GD MSCs) to differentiate towards the osteoblast (GD Ob) and adipocyte (GD Ad) lineages, and their role in osteoclastogenesis. We observed that GD Ob exhibited reduced mineralization, collagen deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), as well as decreased gene expression of RUNX2, COLA1 and ALP. We also evaluated the process of osteoclastogenesis and observed that conditioned media from GD MSCs supernatants induced an increase in the number of osteoclasts. In this model, osteoclastogenesis was induced by RANKL and IL-1β. Furthermore, results showed that in GD MSCs there was a promotion in NLRP3 and PPAR-γ gene expression. Adipogenic differentiation revealed that GD Ad had an increase in PPAR-γ and a reduced RUNX2 gene expression, promoting adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, our results show that GD MSCs exhibited deficient GD Ob differentiation and increased adipogenesis. In addition, we show that GD MSCs promoted increased osteoclastogenesis through RANKL and IL-1β. These changes in GD MSCs are likely to contribute to skeletal imbalance observed in GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crivaro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Bondar
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - J M Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Ormazabal
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - R A Feldman
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M V Delpino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - P A Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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18
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Yañez MJ, Marín T, Balboa E, Klein AD, Alvarez AR, Zanlungo S. Finding pathogenic commonalities between Niemann-Pick type C and other lysosomal storage disorders: Opportunities for shared therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165875. [PMID: 32522631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are diseases characterized by the accumulation of macromolecules in the late endocytic system and are caused by inherited defects in genes that encode mainly lysosomal enzymes or transmembrane lysosomal proteins. Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD), a LSD characterized by liver damage and progressive neurodegeneration that leads to early death, is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. Both proteins are involved in the transport of cholesterol from the late endosomal compartment to the rest of the cell. Loss of function of these proteins causes primary cholesterol accumulation, and secondary accumulation of other lipids, such as sphingolipids, in lysosomes. Despite years of studying the genetic and molecular bases of NPCD and related-lysosomal disorders, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these diseases are not fully understood. In this review we will summarize the pathogenic mechanisms described for NPCD and we will discuss their relevance for other LSDs with neurological components such as Niemann- Pick type A and Gaucher diseases. We will particularly focus on the activation of signaling pathways that may be common to these three pathologies with emphasis on how the intra-lysosomal accumulation of lipids leads to pathology, specifically to neurological impairments. We will show that although the primary lipid storage defect is different in these three LSDs, there is a similar secondary accumulation of metabolites and activation of signaling pathways that can lead to common pathogenic mechanisms. This analysis might help to delineate common pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yañez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Marín
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Balboa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - A R Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; CARE UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Puentes-Tellez MA, Lerma-Barbosa PA, Garzón-Jaramillo RG, Suarez DA, Espejo-Mojica AJ, Guevara JM, Echeverri OY, Solano-Galarza D, Uribe-Ardila A, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. A perspective on research, diagnosis, and management of lysosomal storage disorders in Colombia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03635. [PMID: 32258481 PMCID: PMC7113438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of about 50 inborn errors of metabolism characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of partially or non-degraded molecules due to mutations in proteins involved in the degradation of macromolecules, transport, lysosomal biogenesis or modulators of lysosomal environment. Significant advances have been achieved in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of LSDs patients. In terms of approved therapies, these include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), substrate reduction therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and pharmacological chaperone therapy. In this review, we summarize the Colombian experience in LSDs thorough the evidence published. We identified 113 articles published between 1995 and 2019 that included Colombian researchers or physicians, and which were mainly focused in Mucopolysaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, and Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. Most of these articles focused on basic research, clinical cases, and mutation reports. Noteworthy, implementation of the enzyme assay in dried blood samples, led to a 5-fold increase in the identification of LSD patients, suggesting that these disorders still remain undiagnosed in the country. We consider that the information presented in this review will contribute to the knowledge of a broad spectrum of LSDs in Colombia and will also contribute to the development of public policies and the identification of research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Puentes-Tellez
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Paula Andrea Lerma-Barbosa
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Diego A. Suarez
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Angela J. Espejo-Mojica
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Johana M. Guevara
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Daniela Solano-Galarza
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Alfredo Uribe-Ardila
- Research Center in Biochemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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20
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Gawad Tantawy AA, Moneam Adly AA, Madkour SS, Salah El-Din NY. Pulmonary manifestations in young Gaucher disease patients: Phenotype-genotype correlation and radiological findings. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:441-448. [PMID: 31774256 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pulmonary involvement is important orbidity in Gaucher disease (GD), it is previously reported to be rare. Moreover, no epidemiological studies described its prevalence specifically in children. The clinical spectrum and risk determinants for this complication and its long-term response to therapy are unknown. AIM To assess the prevalence of clinical and radiological pulmonary involvement in pediatric GD patients and its relation to Gaucher severity and genotype. METHODS Forty-eight GD patients were studied focusing on pulmonary and neurological manifestations with assessment of severity scoring index (SSI; a Gaucher specific scale). Detailed enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) history was taken regarding dose, duration, and effect on pulmonary manifestations. Genotype was performed to 30 patients. Radiological investigations included plain chest-radiography (CXR), high-resolution CT (HRCT), and hepatic and splenic volumes. RESULTS Fifteen patients had type 1 (31.2%) and 33 patients had type 3 GD (68.8%). The most common mutation was L483P detected in 25 patients (83.3%). Sixteen patients had recurrent chest wheeze (33%). CXR showed pulmonary findings in 17 patients (35.4%) while HRCT-chest showed affection in 31 patients (64.6%). The ground-glass pattern was present in 14 patients (29.1%), reticulonodular infiltration in 9 patients (18.8%), air trapping in 6 patients (12.5%), and bronchiectatic changes in two patients (4.2%). Univariate logistic regression analysis for predictors of abnormal HRCT-chest was negatively correlated with platelets (P = .01) and hemoglobin (P = .018) and positively correlated with recurrent chest wheezing (P = .019), abnormal CXR (P = .007), and SSI (P = .009). CONCLUSION Pulmonary involvement is a prevalent morbidity of GD with variable presentations. CXR for early detection of pulmonary involvement in GD is safe and highly predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherihane S Madkour
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Mhanni A, Boutin M, Stockl F, Johnston J, Barnes J, Duerksen D, Zimmer L, Auray-Blais C, Rockman-Greenberg C. Mass Spectrometry Evaluation of Biomarkers in the Vitreous Fluid in Gaucher Disease Type 3 with Disease Progression Despite Long-Term Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10020069. [PMID: 31991859 PMCID: PMC7168891 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular lesions have been infrequently reported in patients with Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3). We previously reported siblings with GD3 who responded well to the combination of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT). Here we report progressive bilateral vitreous and preretinal deposits with declining visual acuity requiring bilateral vitrectomies in one of these siblings. These ocular manifestations had progressed despite combined ERT and SRT with improvement in visual acuity after vitrectomies. Vitrectomy fluid analysis performed for the first time by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) identified a high concentration of glucosylceramide (GluCer) in the patient (262.842 nM) compared to a sample (0.428 nM from a patient without a lysosomal storage or known hereditary metabolic disorder). The GluCer detected in our patient was resolved into 12 different isoforms including two methylated ones. No evidence of galactosylceramide (GalCer) was detected. The development of these intraocular manifestations and their characterization by UPLC-MS/MS indicate a need for ongoing ophthalmologic evaluation of all GD patients and for new therapies that can cross the blood–retinal and blood–brain barriers for patients with GD and other neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizeddin Mhanni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Michel Boutin
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.B.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Frank Stockl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada; (F.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Janine Johnston
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada; (F.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Jeff Barnes
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada; (J.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Donald Duerksen
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada; (J.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Leanne Zimmer
- Manitoba Association of Optometrists, Winnipeg, MB R3H0Y4, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.B.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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22
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Abstract
The first enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) was approved in 1991 and we now have more than 25 years of experience of treating patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. Because of the remarkable success of this therapy, enormous effort and resource has gone into developing other ERTs, for Gaucher (where three different enzyme preparations have now been approved) and for other LSDs. We now have more than 10 years of clinical experience in using ERT to treat Gaucher, Fabry, Pompe and MPS I, II, and VI. This article aims to assess the real-life experience of a selection of these innovative and expensive treatments to see if they have met the high expectations which were set for them when they launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H Lachmann
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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23
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Donald A, Cizer H, Finnegan N, Collin-Histed T, Hughes DA, Davies EH. Measuring disease activity and patient experience remotely using wearable technology and a mobile phone app: outcomes from a pilot study in Gaucher disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:212. [PMID: 31488169 PMCID: PMC6727397 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder of which there are three subtypes. Type 1 disease has no neurological involvement and is treatable with enzyme replacement therapy. Type 2 disease results in infant death and type 3 disease is a heterogenous disorder characterised by progressive neurological decline throughout childhood and adult life. Endeavours to find a therapy to modify neurological disease are limited by a lack of meaningful clinical outcome measures which are acceptable to patients. Results We present results from a pilot study utilising wearable technology to monitor physical activity as a surrogate of disease activity/severity paired with a mobile phone app allowing patients to complete self-reported outcome measures in the real world as opposed to the hospital environment. We demonstrate feasibility of the approach and highlight areas for development with this study of 21 patients, both children and adults. Conclusions We illustrate, where patients engage in the methodology, a rich dataset is obtainable and useful for proactive clinical care and for clinical trial outcome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Donald
- University of Manchester, St Marys Hospital, Manchester, UK
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24
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Mullin S, Beavan M, Bestwick J, McNeill A, Proukakis C, Cox T, Hughes D, Mehta A, Zetterberg H, Schapira AHV. Evolution and clustering of prodromal parkinsonian features in GBA1 carriers. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1365-1373. [PMID: 31251436 PMCID: PMC6790937 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Five to 25% of patients with PD carry glucocerebrosidase gene mutations, and 10% to 30% of glucocerebrosidase carriers will develop PD by age 80. Stratification of PD risk in glucocerebrosidase carriers provides an opportunity to target disease‐modifying therapies. Objective Cross‐sectional and longitudinal survey of prodromal PD signs among glucocerebrosidase carriers. Design Prospective assessment of 82 glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers and 35 controls over 4 to 5 years for prodromal clinical PD features. Results At all time points, olfactory (measured using University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test) and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) function and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society UPDRS parts II and III scores were significantly worse amongst glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers. Progression to microsmia (odds ratio: 8.5; 95% confidence interval: 2.6–28.2; P < 0.05) and mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio: 4.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–16.6; P < 0.05) were more rapid compared to controls. Those with worse olfaction also had worse cognition (OR, 1.5; 95% CI: 0.0–2.8; P < 0.05) and depression (OR, 1.3; 95% CI: 0.6–2.8; P < 0.05). No participants reached the MDS prodromal PD diagnostic criteria before PD diagnosis. One participant developed PD. He did not fulfill the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society prodromal PD criteria before diagnosis. Conclusion Assessment of individual and clustered PD prodromal features may serve as a useful tool to identify high‐risk subjects for conversion to PD. As a result of the low conversion rate in our glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers to date, prospective validation is needed in larger cohorts to establish the profile of these features in PD convertors. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mullin
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational and Stratified medicine, Plymouth University Peninsular School of Medicine, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Beavan
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Bestwick
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alisdair McNeill
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Derralynn Hughes
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Mehta
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Charkhand B, Scantlebury MH, Narita A, Zimran A, Al-Hertani W. Effect of Ambroxol chaperone therapy on Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) levels in two Canadian patients with type 3 Gaucher disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 20:100476. [PMID: 31467847 PMCID: PMC6713848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 3 Gaucher disease (GD3) is characterized by progressive neurological features in addition to the typical systemic manifestations. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the main stay treatment for Gaucher disease (GD), is not efficacious for the neurological manifestations. Ambroxol, in combination with ERT has been suggested to have potential as a promising therapy for patients with GD3. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of Ambroxol on glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) levels, and on the neurological morbidity, in two Canadian patients with GD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behshad Charkhand
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Morris H Scantlebury
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aya Narita
- Institute of Neurological Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ari Zimran
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Walla Al-Hertani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Abstract
The lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are caused for the most part by enzyme deficiencies within the lysosome resulting in accumulation of undegraded substrate. This storage process leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the specific substrate and site of accumulation. Examples of LSDs include the mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, the Niemann-Pick disorders, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This review summarizes the main clinical features, diagnosis, and management of LSDs with an emphasis on those for which treatment is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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27
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Sahinoglu M, Mutlukan A, Koktekir E, Karabagli H. Cauda equina syndrome in a patient diagnosed with type 1 Gaucher disease: a rare case. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:191-194. [PMID: 30094495 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease is a rare hereditary glycolipid storage disease. One of the rare complications is neurodeficits due to vertebral involvement. CASE PRESENTATION An 18-year-old female patient presented to the outpatient clinic with cauda equina syndrome due to sacral involvement of type 1 GD. Bilateral laminectomy via posterior approach without posterior stabilization was performed. CONCLUSION Maximum excision of the mass avoiding destabilization of the spinal column can provide long-term vertebral stability and improvement in neurodeficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sahinoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - A Mutlukan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Serik State Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - E Koktekir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - H Karabagli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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28
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Mullin S, Hughes D, Mehta A, Schapira AHV. Neurological effects of glucocerebrosidase gene mutations. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:388-e29. [PMID: 30315684 PMCID: PMC6492454 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson disease (PD) has been described for almost two decades. In the biallelic state (homozygous or compound heterozygous) mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) may cause GD, in which glucosylceramide, the sphingolipid substrate of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCase), accumulates in visceral organs leading to a number of clinical phenotypes. In the biallelic or heterozygous state, GBA mutations increase the risk for PD. Mutations of the GBA allele are the most significant genetic risk factor for idiopathic PD, found in 5%–20% of idiopathic PD cases depending on ethnicity. The neurological consequences of GBA mutations are reviewed and the proposition that GBA mutations result in a disparate but connected range of clinically and pathologically related neurological features is discussed. The literature relating to the clinical, biochemical and genetic basis of GBA PD, type 1 GD and neuronopathic GD is considered highlighting commonalities and distinctions between them. The evidence for a unifying disease mechanism is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mullin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | - D Hughes
- LSD Unit/Department of Haematology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL, London, UK
| | - A Mehta
- LSD Unit/Department of Haematology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL, London, UK
| | - A H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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29
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Abstract
The lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are caused for the most part by enzyme deficiencies within the lysosome resulting in accumulation of undegraded substrate. This storage process leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the specific substrate and site of accumulation. Examples of LSDs include the mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, the Niemann-Pick disorders, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This review summarizes the main clinical features, diagnosis, and management of LSDs with an emphasis on those for which treatment is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Kadali S, Madalasa T, Reddy GM, Naushad SM. Utility of amniotic fluid chitotriosidase in the prenatal diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders. Clin Biochem 2018; 61:40-44. [PMID: 30205089 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma chitotriosidase is a documented biomarker for certain lysosomal storage disorders. However, its clinical utility for prenatal samples is not elucidated yet. METHODS We have established Reference intervals for amniotic fluid chitotriosidase using control amniotic fluids (n = 47) and compared the activity with amniotic fluids affected by lysosomal storage disorders (n = 25). RESULTS The reference interval established was 0-6.76 nmol/h/ml. The amniotic fluids affected with LSDs exhibited elevation of chitotriosidase. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve for affected vs. healthy was 0.987 indicating 98.6% accuracy of chitotriosidase in identifying pregnancies affected with LSDs. Among the different LSDs, Gaucher (202.00 ± 35.27 nmol/h/ml) and Niemann-pick A/B (60.33 ± 21.59 nmol/h/ml) showed very high levels of chitotriosidase. CONCLUSION Amniotic fluid chitotriosidase has the potential to serve as a diagnostic marker for lysosomal storage disorders, more specifically for Gaucher and Niemann-Pick A/B.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amniocentesis
- Amniotic Fluid/enzymology
- Area Under Curve
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cohort Studies
- Exons
- Female
- Gaucher Disease/diagnosis
- Gaucher Disease/enzymology
- Gaucher Disease/genetics
- Gaucher Disease/pathology
- Gene Duplication
- Hexosaminidases/chemistry
- Hexosaminidases/genetics
- Hexosaminidases/metabolism
- Humans
- India
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases/diagnosis
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases/enzymology
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases/genetics
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases/pathology
- Mutation Rate
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A/diagnosis
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A/enzymology
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A/genetics
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A/pathology
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type B/diagnosis
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type B/enzymology
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type B/genetics
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type B/pathology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second
- ROC Curve
- Reference Values
- Up-Regulation
- Young Adult
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31
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Torralba-Cabeza MÁ, Olivera-González S, Sierra-Monzón JL. The Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Management of a Patient with Type I Gaucher Disease. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030069. [PMID: 30049986 PMCID: PMC6164989 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing the multisystemic symptoms of type I Gaucher Disease (GD) requires a multidisciplinary team approach that includes disease-specific treatments, as well as supportive care. This involves a range of medical specialists, general practitioners, supportive care providers, and patients. Phenotype classification and the setting of treatment goals are important for optimizing the management of type I GD, and for providing personalized care. The ability to classify disease severity using validated measurement tools allows the standardization of patient monitoring, and the measurement of disease progression and treatment response. Defining treatment goals is useful to provide a benchmark for assessing treatment response and managing the expectations of patients and their families. Although treatment goals will vary depending on disease severity, they include the stabilization, improvement or reversal (if possible) of clinical manifestations. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the standard care for patients with type I GD, but a novel substrate reduction therapy (SRT), Eliglustat, has demonstrated safety and efficacy in selected patients. To ensure that treatment goals are being achieved, regular and comprehensive follow up are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel-Ángel Torralba-Cabeza
- Aragon Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rare Disorders, "Lozano Blesa" University Hospital, 15th San Juan Bosco Avenue, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Susana Olivera-González
- Aragon Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rare Disorders, "Lozano Blesa" University Hospital, 15th San Juan Bosco Avenue, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Sierra-Monzón
- Aragon Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rare Disorders, "Lozano Blesa" University Hospital, 15th San Juan Bosco Avenue, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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32
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Smith NJ, Fuller M, Saville JT, Cox TM. Reduced cerebral vascularization in experimental neuronopathic Gaucher disease. J Pathol 2018; 244:120-128. [PMID: 28981147 DOI: 10.1002/path.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The glycosphingolipidosis, Gaucher disease, in which a range of neurological manifestations occur, results from a deficiency of acid β-glucocerebrosidase, with subsequent accumulation of β-glucocerebroside, its upstream substrates, and the non-acylated congener β-glucosylsphingosine. However, the mechanisms by which end-organ dysfunction arise are poorly understood. Here, we report strikingly diminished cerebral microvascular density in a murine model of disease, and provide a detailed analysis of the accompanying cerebral glycosphingolipidome in these animals, with marked elevations of β-glucosylsphingosine. Further in vitro studies confirmed a concentration-dependent impairment of endothelial cytokinesis upon exposure to quasi-pathological concentrations of β-glucosylsphingosine. These findings support a premise for pathogenic disruption of cerebral angiogenesis as an end-organ effect, with potential for therapeutic modulation in neuronopathic Gaucher disease. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jc Smith
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Fuller
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer T Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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33
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Andersson HC. Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Lysosomal Storage Disorders Takes Advantage of Novel Therapies. J Pediatr 2017; 190:9-10. [PMID: 29144277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Andersson
- Hayward Genetics Center Tulane University Medical School New Orleans, Louisiana.
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Gucev Z, Tasic V, Polenakovic M. 5th Rare Disease South Eastern Europe (SEE) Meeting, Skopje, Macedonia (November 15th, 2016). Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2017; 38:119-123. [PMID: 28593894 DOI: 10.1515/prilozi-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The fifth SEE meeting on rare diseases (RDs) was held in Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MASA) the November 11th, 2016. Several lectures dealt with mucopolysaccharidosis, glycogen storage diseases and the possibilities for their diagnosis and treatment. Enzyme replacement treatment (ERT), its availability, effects (or the lack of it) on the brain, and further prospects of eventual gene treatment were comprehensively exposed and discussed. Special accent was on Gaucher, Morquio IVA, Hunter and the audience was given new knowledge on the complexities of diagnosis and treatment. A block of lectures on rare renal diseases was also impressive. From renal stones, their molecular and genetic mechanisms to different forms of CAKUT the use of NGS and other molecular methods in diagnosis of RDs. Mitochondrial diseases, the novelties and importance of early discovery were comprehensively exposed. Special lecture was given on the complement system. Endocrine disruptors, microprolactinomas were also the topic of the meeting. A rather reach session of posters was also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Gucev
- University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty Skopje
| | - Velibor Tasic
- University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty Skopje
| | - Momir Polenakovic
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov, No. 2, Skopje
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Canda E, Kose M, Kagnici M, Ucar SK, Sozmen EY, Coker M. Patients with Gaucher type 1: Switching from imiglucerase to miglustat therapy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 68:180-184. [PMID: 28111116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Canda
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Turkey.
| | - Melis Kose
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Turkey.
| | - Mehtap Kagnici
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Turkey.
| | - Sema Kalkan Ucar
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Turkey.
| | - Eser Y Sozmen
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Coker
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Turkey.
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Abstract
Orphan-drug sales are rocketing, with revenue expected to total $176 billion annually by 2020. As a share of the industry, orphan drugs now account for close to 15% of all prescription revenue globally (excluding generics) and the sector is set to grow at more than twice the rate (10.5%) of the overall prescription market (4.3%). But this success also equates to costs--borne by individual patients and cash-strapped health systems. Prices for orphan drugs can be 19 times higher than for other medications, hampering access for patients, many of whom are children. With ever more such expensive drugs reaching the market, the situation is becoming unsustainable and putting the survival of the orphan drug legislation itself at risk. Here the authors consider why there has been an increase in orphan drug designations, how orphan drug prices are set and regulated, before discussing proposals for how changes which could save the legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna I Hyry
- a Department of Medicine , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Cox
- a Department of Medicine , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C P Roos
- a Department of Medicine , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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Ortega RA, Torres PA, Swan M, Nichols W, Boschung S, Raymond D, Barrett MJ, Johannes BA, Severt L, Shanker V, Hunt AL, Bressman S, Pastores GM, Saunders-Pullman R. Glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity in GBA mutation Parkinson's disease. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 28:185-6. [PMID: 26857292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene, the most common genetic contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD), are associated with an increased risk of PD in heterozygous and homozygous carriers. While glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCase) activity is consistently low in Gaucher disease, there is a range of leukocyte GCase activity in healthy heterozygous GBA1 mutation carriers. To determine whether GCase activity may be a marker for PD with heterozygous GBA1 mutations (GBA1 mutation PD, GBA PD), GBA PD patients (n=15) were compared to PD patients without heterozygous GBA1 mutations (idiopathic PD; n=8), heterozygous GBA1 carriers without PD (asymptomatic carriers; n=4), and biallelic mutation carriers with PD (Gaucher disease with PD, GD1 PD; n=3) in a pilot study. GCase activity (nmol/mg protein/hour) in GD1 PD (median [interquartile range]; minimum-maximum: 6.4 [5.7]; 5.3-11) was lower than that of GBA PD (16.0 [7.0]; 11-40) (p=0.01), while GCase activity in GBA PD was lower than idiopathic PD (28.5 [15.0]; 16-56) (p=0.01) and asymptomatic carriers (25.5 [2.5]; 23-27) (p=0.04). Therefore, GCase activity appears to be a possible marker of heterozygous GBA1 mutation PD, and larger studies are warranted. Prospective studies are also necessary to determine whether lower GCase activity precedes development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Paola A Torres
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Swan
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - William Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Boschung
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Matthew J Barrett
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Brooke A Johannes
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lawrence Severt
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Vicki Shanker
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Ann L Hunt
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Susan Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Gregory M Pastores
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5J, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA.
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38
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Abstract
This article covers recent developments in the design and application of activity-based probes (ABPs) for glycosidases, with emphasis on the different enzymes involved in metabolism of glucosylceramide in humans. Described are the various catalytic reaction mechanisms employed by inverting and retaining glycosidases. An understanding of catalysis at the molecular level has stimulated the design of different types of ABPs for glycosidases. Such compounds range from (1) transition-state mimics tagged with reactive moieties, which associate with the target active site—forming covalent bonds in a relatively nonspecific manner in or near the catalytic pocket—to (2) enzyme substrates that exploit the catalytic mechanism of retaining glycosidase targets to release a highly reactive species within the active site of the enzyme, to (3) probes based on mechanism-based, covalent, and irreversible glycosidase inhibitors. Some applications in biochemical and biological research of the activity-based glycosidase probes are discussed, including specific quantitative visualization of active enzyme molecules in vitro and in vivo, and as strategies for unambiguously identifying catalytic residues in glycosidases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin D Witte
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hult M, Darin N, von Döbeln U, Månsson JE. Epidemiology of lysosomal storage diseases in Sweden. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:1258-63. [PMID: 25274184 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM There are more than 50 inherited lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), and this study examined the incidence of clinically diagnosed LSDs in Sweden. METHODS The number of patients diagnosed during 1980-2009 was compiled from the registries of the two Swedish diagnostic laboratories that cover the whole country. RESULTS We identified 433 patients during the 30-year period, with a total incidence of one in every 6100 births and identified fairly constant annual diagnoses during the last 20 years. Krabbe disease was the most common (one in 39 000) followed by Gaucher disease (one in 47 000), metachromatic leukodystrophy and Salla disease. Gaucher disease was more frequent in Sweden than other European countries, due to a founder effect of the mutation (p.L444P) in northern Sweden. Metachromatic leukodystrophy was one of the most common LSDs, in common with other countries. Salla disease, which is very rare elsewhere, was the fourth most common, stemming from a founder mutation in the Salla region of northern Finland brought to Sweden by immigration. CONCLUSION The collective incidence of LSDs in Sweden was essentially equal to other European countries, but with a somewhat different disease pattern. Our findings have implications for diagnostic algorithms and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Hult
- Division for Metabolic Diseases; Department of Laboratory Medicine; The Karolinska Institute and Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics; Institute of Clinical Sciences; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ulrika von Döbeln
- Division for Metabolic Diseases; Department of Laboratory Medicine; The Karolinska Institute and Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jan-Eric Månsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; Institute of Biomedicine; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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Reed M, Baker RJ, Mehta AB, Hughes DA. Enhanced differentiation of osteoclasts from mononuclear precursors in patients with Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 51:185-94. [PMID: 23707505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of β-glucocerebrosidase. Storage of glucosylceramide in reticuloendothelial cells results in multiorgan pathology including bone disease. Established skeletal disease may remain problematic despite Gaucher-specific treatment. Both osteopenia and osteonecrosis have been described but the underlying pathophysiology, in particular the role of monocyte-derived osteoclasts is not well defined. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of glucocerebrosidase deficiency, inhibition and replacement on osteoclast development and function. In cultures derived from GD patients, or where GBA was chemically inhibited multinucleate giant cells expressing markers of osteoclast differentiation occurred earlier and in greater numbers compared to normal controls and the functional capacity of osteoclasts for bone resorption was enhanced. Increases in osteoclast number and activity correlated with radiological markers of active bone disease. Abnormalities were reversed by addition of specific therapies and were attenuated by co-culture with cells derived from healthy controls (HCs). Numbers of osteoblast lineage cells in the peripheral blood were mismatched to osteoclast precursors indicating uncoupling of osteoblast-osteoclast regulation which may further impact on bone remodelling. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of these changes will suggest rational therapies for the most disabling aspect of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reed
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital and University College, London, UK
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41
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Ghisaidoobe A, Bikker P, de Bruijn ACJ, Godschalk FD, Rogaar E, Guijt MC, Hagens P, Halma JM, van't Hart SM, Luitjens SB, van Rixel VHS, Wijzenbroek M, Zweegers T, Donker-Koopman WE, Strijland A, Boot R, van der Marel G, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG, van den Berg RJBHN. Identification of potent and selective glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors from a library of N-alkylated iminosugars. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:119-23. [PMID: 24900289 DOI: 10.1021/ml100192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) is an important target for clinical drug development for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders and a promising target for combating type 2 diabetes. Iminosugars are useful leads for the development of GCS inhibitors; however, the effective iminosugar type GCS inhibitors reported have some unwanted cross-reactivity toward other glyco-processing enzymes. In particular, iminosugar type GCS inhibitors often also inhibit to some extent human acid glucosylceramidase (GBA1) and the nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase (GBA2), the two enzymes known to process glucosylceramide. Of these, GBA1 itself is a potential drug target for the treatment of the lysosomal storage disorder, Gaucher disease, and selective GBA1 inhibitors are sought after as potential chemical chaperones. The physiological importance of GBA2 in glucosylceramide processing in relation to disease states is less clear, and here, selective inhibitors can be of use as chemical knockout entities. In this communication, we report our identification of a highly potent and selective N-alkylated l-ido-configured iminosugar. In particular, the selectivity of 27 for GCS over GBA1 is striking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Ghisaidoobe
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Bikker
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C. J. de Bruijn
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frithjof D. Godschalk
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Rogaar
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke C. Guijt
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Hagens
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerre M. Halma
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M. van't Hart
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn B. Luitjens
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent H. S. van Rixel
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Wijzenbroek
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thor Zweegers
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anneke Strijland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van der Marel
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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