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Peirotén A, Arqués J, Medina M, Rodríguez-Mínguez E. Bifidobacterial strains shared by mother and child as source of probiotics. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:231-238. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Importance of bifidobacteria as part of the infant intestinal microbiota has been highlighted. Their acquisition is influenced by the mode of birth and the feed regime afterwards, with a special role of the maternal microbiota. The presence of the same shared bifidobacterial strains between breast milk and infant faeces in 14 mother-infant pairs was assessed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping. Four shared strains of Bifidobacterium breve (2), Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were found in breast milk-infant faeces pairs. Two years later, a second survey yielded four shared strains of the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Moreover, a B. bifidum strain was found to be shared by the infant faeces of the first study and the mother faeces tested two years later, pointing out a long term persistence. Some of the selected bifidobacterial strains showed probiotic potential due to their survival to gastrointestinal conditions and their ability to form biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J.L. Arqués
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Medina
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Rodríguez-Mínguez
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mianzhi Y, Shah NP. Contemporary nucleic acid-based molecular techniques for detection, identification, and characterization of Bifidobacterium. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:987-1016. [PMID: 26565761 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1023761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are one of the most important bacterial groups found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Medical and food industry researchers have focused on bifidobacteria because of their health-promoting properties. Researchers have historically relied on classic phenotypic approaches (culture and biochemical tests) for detection and identification of bifidobacteria. Those approaches still have values for the identification and detection of some bifidobacterial species, but they are often labor-intensive and time-consuming and can be problematic in differentiating closely related species. Rapid, accurate, and reliable methods for detection, identification, and characterization of bifidobacteria in a mixed bacterial population have become a major challenge. The advent of nucleic acid-based molecular techniques has significantly advanced isolation and detection of bifidobacteria. Diverse nucleic acid-based molecular techniques have been employed, including hybridization, target amplification, and fingerprinting. Certain techniques enable the detection, characterization, and identification at genus-, species-, and strains-levels, whereas others allow typing of species or strains of bifidobacteria. In this review, an overview of methodological principle, technique complexity, and application of various nucleic acid-based molecular techniques for detection, identification, and characterization of bifidobacteria is presented. Advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed, and significant findings based on particular techniques are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Mianzhi
- a Food and Nutritional Science , School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- a Food and Nutritional Science , School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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The Host Genotype and Environment Affect Strain Types of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Inhabiting the Intestinal Tracts of Twins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4774-81. [PMID: 25956768 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00249-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influences of host genotype and environment on Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum inhabiting human intestines at the strain level, six pairs of twins, divided into two groups (children and adults), were recruited. Each group consisted of two monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and one dizygotic (DZ) twin pair. Child twins had been living together from birth, while adult twins had been living separately for 5 to 10 years. A total of 345 B. longum subsp. longum isolates obtained from 60 fecal samples from these twins were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and 35 sequence types (STs) were finally acquired. Comparison of strains within and between the twin pairs showed that no strains with identical STs were observed between unrelated individuals or within adult DZ twin pairs. Eight STs were found to be monophyletic, existing within MZ twins and child DZ twins. The similarity of strain types within child cotwins was significantly higher than that within adult cotwins, which indicated that environment was one of the important determinants in B. longum subsp. longum strain types inhabiting human intestines. However, although these differences between MZ and DZ twins were observed, it is still difficult to reach an exact conclusion about the impact of host genotype. This is mainly because of the limited number of subjects tested in the present study and the lack of strain types tracing in the same twin pairs from birth until adulthood.
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Strain-specific identification of Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 by PCR. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:572-6. [PMID: 23470759 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a strain-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set for the detection of Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 (OLB6378) that can serve as suitable probiotics for infants. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR technique was used to obtain OLB6378-specific PCR products. One OLB6378-specific RAPD-PCR product was obtained after testing 97 RAPD primers, and was sequenced. Thirteen PCR primer sets were designed from the sequence. One PCR primer set was found to amplify one PCR product when genomic DNA of OLB6378 was used as template. The primer set did not amplify any PCR product when the other genomic DNA was used as template. The primer set was tested with 47 strains of B. bifidum and 20 strains of the other Bifidobacterium species. As a result, we developed an OLB6378-specific primer set, one that should be useful not only for the detection of OLB6378 but also for the quantification of OLB6378.
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Rodríguez E, Arqués JL, Rodríguez R, Peirotén Á, Landete JM, Medina M. Antimicrobial properties of probiotic strains isolated from breast-fed infants. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Gourmelon M, Caprais MP, Mieszkin S, Marti R, Wéry N, Jardé E, Derrien M, Jadas-Hécart A, Communal PY, Jaffrezic A, Pourcher AM. Development of microbial and chemical MST tools to identify the origin of the faecal pollution in bathing and shellfish harvesting waters in France. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:4812-24. [PMID: 20709349 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological quality of coastal or river waters can be affected by faecal pollution from human or animal sources. An efficient MST (Microbial Source Tracking) toolbox consisting of several host-specific markers would therefore be valuable for identifying the origin of the faecal pollution in the environment and thus for effective resource management and remediation. In this multidisciplinary study, after having tested some MST markers on faecal samples, we compared a selection of 17 parameters corresponding to chemical (steroid ratios, caffeine, and synthetic compounds), bacterial (host-specific Bacteroidales, Lactobacillus amylovorus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) and viral (genotypes I-IV of F-specific bacteriophages, FRNAPH) markers on environmental water samples (n = 33; wastewater, runoff and river waters) with variable Escherichia coli concentrations. Eleven microbial and chemical parameters were finally chosen for our MST toolbox, based on their specificity for particular pollution sources represented by our samples and their detection in river waters impacted by human or animal pollution; these were: the human-specific chemical compounds caffeine, TCEP (tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate) and benzophenone; the ratios of sitostanol/coprostanol and coprostanol/(coprostanol+24-ethylcopstanol); real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) human-specific (HF183 and B. adolescentis), pig-specific (Pig-2-Bac and L. amylovorus) and ruminant-specific (Rum-2-Bac) markers; and human FRNAPH genogroup II.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gourmelon
- Ifremer, EMP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Plouzané, France.
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Parenteral antibiotics reduce bifidobacteria colonization and diversity in neonates. Int J Microbiol 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20811542 PMCID: PMC2929493 DOI: 10.1155/2011/130574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of parenteral antibiotic treatment in the early neonatal period on the evolution of bifidobacteria in the newborn. Nine babies treated with intravenous ampicillin/gentamicin in the first week of life and nine controls (no antibiotic treatment) were studied. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the composition of Bifidobacterium in stool samples taken at four and eight weeks. Bifidobacteria were detected in all control infants at both four and eight weeks, while only six of nine antibiotic-treated infants had detectable bifidobacteria at four weeks and eight of nine at eight weeks. Moreover, stool samples of controls showed greater diversity of Bifidobacterium spp. compared with antibiotic-treated infants. In conclusion, short-term parenteral antibiotic treatment of neonates causes a disturbance in the expected colonization pattern of bifidobacteria in the first months of life. Further studies are required to probiotic determine if supplementation is necessary in this patient group.
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HspR mutations are naturally selected in Bifidobacterium longum when successive heat shock treatments are applied. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:256-63. [PMID: 19880603 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01147-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of molecular tools allowed light to be shed on several widespread genetic mechanisms aiming at limiting the effect of molecular damage on bacterial survival. For some bacterial taxa, there are limited tools in the genetic toolbox, which restricts the possibilities to investigate the molecular basis of their stress response. In that case, an alternative strategy is to study genetic variants of a strain under stress conditions. The comparative study of the genetic determinants responsible for their phenotypes, e.g., an improved tolerance to stress, offers precious clues on the molecular mechanisms effective in this bacterial taxon. We applied this approach and isolated two heat shock-tolerant strains derived from Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705. A global analysis of their transcriptomes revealed that the dnaK operon and the clpB gene were overexpressed in both heat shock-tolerant strains. We sequenced the hspR gene coding for the negative regulator of dnaK and clpB and found point mutations affecting protein domains likely responsible for the binding of the regulators to the promoter DNA. Complementation of the mutant strains by the wild-type regulator hspR restored its heat sensitivity and thus demonstrated that these mutations were responsible for the observed heat tolerance phenotype.
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Liu C, Zhang ZY, Dong K, Yuan JP, Guo XK. Antibiotic resistance of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from marketed foods and drugs. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2009; 22:401-412. [PMID: 20163065 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the antimicrobial resistance of commercial lactic acid bacteria present in microbial foods and drug additives by analyzing their isolated strains used for fermentation and probiotics. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility of 41 screened isolates was tested with disc diffusion and E-test methods after species-level identification. Resistant strains were selected and examined for the presence of resistance genes by PCR. RESULTS Distribution of resistance was found in different species. All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, and imipenem. In addition, isolates resistant to vancomycin, rifampicin, streptomycin, bacitracin, and erythromycin were detected, although the incidence of resistance to these antibiotics was relatively low. In contrast, most strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, and gentamycin. The genes msrC, vanX, and dfrA were detected in strains of Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactococcus lactis. CONCLUSION Antibiotic resistance is present in different species of probiotic strains, which poses a threat to food safety. Evaluation of the safety of lactic acid bacteria for human consumption should be guided by established criteria, guidelines and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Youn SY, Seo JM, Ji GE. Evaluation of the PCR method for identification of Bifidobacterium species. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 46:7-13. [PMID: 18086194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bifidobacterium species are known for their beneficial effects on health and their wide use as probiotics. Although various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the identification of Bifidobacterium species have been published, the reliability of these methods remains open to question. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we evaluated 37 previously reported PCR primer sets designed to amplify 16S rDNA, 23S rDNA, intergenic spacer regions, or repetitive DNA sequences of various Bifidobacterium species. CONCLUSIONS Ten of 37 experimental primer sets showed specificity for B. adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. breve, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. longum biovar infantis and B. dentium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results suggest that published Bifidobacterium primer sets should be re-evaluated for both reproducibility and specificity for the identification of Bifidobacterium species using PCR. Improvement of existing PCR methods will be needed to facilitate identification of other Bifidobacterium strains, such as B. animalis, B. catenulatum, B. thermophilum and B. subtile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Youn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Ammor MS, Delgado S, Alvarez-Martín P, Margolles A, Mayo B. Reagentless identification of human bifidobacteria by intrinsic fluorescence. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 69:100-6. [PMID: 17258337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new identification method for bifidobacteria species from the human gastrointestinal tract was developed based on the measurement and statistical analysis of the intrinsic fluorescence of aromatic amino acids (AAA) and nucleic acids (NA), following their excitation at 250 nm. The model was constructed by recording the fluorescence spectra of 53 Bifidobacterium strains of 10 different species, including the corresponding type strains, and validated by analyzing the spectra data from nine further problem strains. Principal components analysis (PCA) and factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) of the results showed the technique to distinguish between the isolates at the species level; the Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subspecies (globosum and pseudolongum) could also be distinguished. The proposed method provides a powerful, inexpensive and convenient means of rapidly identifying intestinal bifidobacteria, which could be of help for large probiotic surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salim Ammor
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (CSIC), Carretera de Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
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Barrett E, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Rapid screening method for analyzing the conjugated linoleic acid production capabilities of bacterial cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2333-7. [PMID: 17277221 PMCID: PMC1855641 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01855-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe a rapid method for identifying bacteria which convert free linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). This method is based on spectrophotometric detection of CLA and compares well with the standard gas-liquid chromatography method. This method should facilitate high-throughput screening of bacterial isolates for the ability to produce conjugated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barrett
- Teagasc Biotechnology Centre, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Klijn A, Moine D, Delley M, Mercenier A, Arigoni F, Pridmore RD. Construction of a reporter vector for the analysis of Bifidobacterium longum promoters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:7401-5. [PMID: 16997985 PMCID: PMC1636199 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01611-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to initiate studies on promoter activities in Bifidobacterium longum and to independently confirm transcriptional data generated by microarray experiments, we have constructed a versatile reporter plasmid based on a B. longum cryptic plasmid and the Escherichia coli gusA gene. The resulting plasmid, pMDY23, has been tested using three B. longum promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Klijn
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Nestlé Research Center, P.O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Cinquin C, Le Blay G, Fliss I, Lacroix C. Comparative effects of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria and fructo-oligosaccharides on infant gut microbiota tested in an in vitro colonic model with immobilized cells. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006; 57:226-38. [PMID: 16867141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of purified exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus rhamnosus RW-9595M with those of a well-known prebiotic (short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides) on infant colonic microbiota using a new three-stage chemostat model with immobilized infant faecal microbiota. Two continuous cultures with different faecal inocula were tested with different compositions of carbohydrate media. During the first fermentation (F1), fructo-oligosaccharides tested at a concentration of 9.8 g L(-1) increased the number of lactobacilli and decreased coliforms both in gel beads and in effluent from all three reactors, in agreement with data from the literature. During the second fermentation (F2), the effect of fructo-oligosaccharides tested at a lower concentration (7.5 g L(-1)) was reduced compared with F1. Fructo-oligosaccharides also increased total organic acid concentration and decreased ammonia production. Results obtained for exopolysaccharide tested at 1.5 g L(-1) indicate that exopolysaccharides from L. rhamnosus RW-9595M was not metabolized by infant microbiota and lacked any prebiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Cinquin
- Dairy Research Centre STELA, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Parche S, Beleut M, Rezzonico E, Jacobs D, Arigoni F, Titgemeyer F, Jankovic I. Lactose-over-glucose preference in Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705: glcP, encoding a glucose transporter, is subject to lactose repression. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:1260-5. [PMID: 16452407 PMCID: PMC1367232 DOI: 10.1128/jb.188.4.1260-1265.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of culture supernatants obtained from Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 grown on glucose and lactose revealed that glucose utilization is impaired until depletion of lactose. Thus, unlike many other bacteria, B. longum preferentially uses lactose rather than glucose as the primary carbon source. Glucose uptake experiments with B. longum cells showed that glucose transport was repressed in the presence of lactose. A comparative analysis of global gene expression profiling using DNA arrays led to the identification of only one gene repressed by lactose, the putative glucose transporter gene glcP. The functionality of GlcP as glucose transporter was demonstrated by heterologous complementation of a glucose transport-deficient Escherichia coli strain. Additionally, GlcP exhibited the highest substrate specificity for glucose. Primer extension and real-time PCR analyses confirmed that expression of glcP was mediated by lactose. Hence, our data demonstrate that the presence of lactose in culture medium leads to the repression of glucose transport and transcriptional down-regulation of the glucose transporter gene glcP. This may reflect the highly adapted life-style of B. longum in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Parche
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Kastner S, Perreten V, Bleuler H, Hugenschmidt G, Lacroix C, Meile L. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and resistance genes of starter cultures and probiotic bacteria used in food. Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 29:145-55. [PMID: 16464696 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A survey of starter and probiotic cultures was carried out to determine the current antibiotic resistance situation in microbial food additives in Switzerland. Two hundred isolates from 90 different sources were typed by molecular and other methods to belong to the genera Lactobacillus (74 samples), Staphylococcus (33 samples), Bifidobacterium (6 samples), Pediococcus (5 samples), or were categorized as lactococci or streptococci (82 samples). They were screened for phenotypic resistances to 20 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Twenty-seven isolates exhibiting resistances that are not an intrinsic feature of the respective genera were further analyzed by microarray hybridization as a tool to trace back phenotypic resistances to specific genetic determinants. Their presence was finally verified by PCR amplification or Southern hybridization. These studies resulted in the detection of the tetracycline resistance gene tet(K) in 5 Staphylococcus isolates used as meat starter cultures, the tetracycline resistance gene tet(W) in the probiotic cultures Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 10140 and Lactobacillus reuteri SD 2112 (residing on a plasmid), and the lincosamide resistance gene lnu(A) (formerly linA) in L. reuteri SD 2112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kastner
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Haarman M, Knol J. Quantitative real-time PCR assays to identify and quantify fecal Bifidobacterium species in infants receiving a prebiotic infant formula. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2318-24. [PMID: 15870317 PMCID: PMC1087546 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.5.2318-2324.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy intestinal microbiota is considered to be important for priming of the infants' mucosal and systemic immunity. Breast-fed infants typically have an intestinal microbiota dominated by different Bifidobacterium species. It has been described that allergic infants have different levels of specific Bifidobacterium species than healthy infants. For the accurate quantification of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium angulatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Bifidobacterium longum in fecal samples, duplex 5' nuclease assays were developed. The assays, targeting rRNA gene intergenic spacer regions, were validated and compared with conventional PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization methods. The 5' nuclease assays were subsequently used to determine the relative amounts of different Bifidobacterium species in fecal samples from infants receiving a standard formula or a standard formula supplemented with galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides (OSF). A breast-fed group was studied in parallel as a reference. The results showed a significant increase in the total amount of fecal bifidobacteria (54.8% +/- 9.8% to 73.4% +/- 4.0%) in infants receiving the prebiotic formula (OSF), with a diversity of Bifidobacterium species similar to breast-fed infants. The intestinal microbiota of infants who received a standard formula seems to resemble a more adult-like distribution of bifidobacteria and contains relatively more B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis (2.71% +/- 1.92% and 8.11% +/- 4.12%, respectively, versus 0.15% +/- 0.11% and 1.38% +/- 0.98% for the OSF group). In conclusion, the specific prebiotic infant formula used induces a fecal microbiota that closely resembles the microbiota of breast-fed infants also at the level of the different Bifidobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Haarman
- Microbiology Section, Biomedical Research Department, Numico Research BV., P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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