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Oke OE, Akosile OA, Uyanga VA, Oke FO, Oni AI, Tona K, Onagbesan OM. Climate change and broiler production. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1416. [PMID: 38504607 PMCID: PMC10951626 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change has emerged as a significant occurrence that adversely affects broiler production, especially in tropical climates. Broiler chickens, bred for rapid growth and high meat production, rely heavily on optimal environmental conditions to achieve their genetic potential. However, climate change disrupts these conditions and poses numerous challenges for broiler production. One of the primary impacts of climate change on broiler production is the decreased ability of birds to attain their genetic potential for faster growth. Broilers are bred to possess specific genetic traits that enable them to grow rapidly and efficiently convert feed into meat. However, in tropical climates affected by climate change, the consequent rise in daily temperatures, increased humidity and altered precipitation patterns create an unfavourable environment for broilers. These conditions impede their growth and development, preventing them from reaching their maximum genetic influence, which is crucial for achieving desirable production outcomes. Furthermore, climate change exacerbates the existing challenges faced by broiler production systems. Higher feed costs impact the industry's economic viability and limit the availability of quality nutrition for the birds, further hampering their growth potential. In addition to feed scarcity, climate change also predisposes broiler chickens to thermal stress. This review collates existing information on climate change and its impact on broiler production, including nutrition, immune function, health and disease susceptibility. It also summarizes the challenges of broiler production under hot and humid climate conditions with different approaches to ameliorating the effects of harsh climatic conditions in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Department of Animal PhysiologyFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
- Centre of Excellence in Poultry SciencesUniversity of LomeLomeTogo
| | | | | | - Folasade Olukemi Oke
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm ManagementFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
| | | | - Kokou Tona
- Centre of Excellence in Poultry SciencesUniversity of LomeLomeTogo
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Liu X, Ma Z, Wang Y, Jia H, Wang Z, Zhang L. Heat stress exposure cause alterations in intestinal microbiota, transcriptome, and metabolome of broilers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1244004. [PMID: 37795292 PMCID: PMC10547010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1244004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heat stress can affect the production of poultry through complex interactions between genes, metabolites and microorganisms. At present, it is unclear how heat stress affects genetic, metabolic and microbial changes in poultry, as well as the complex interactions between them. Methods Thus, at 28 days of age a total of 200 Arbor Acres broilers with similar body weights were randomly divided into the control (CON) and heat stress treatment (HS). There were 5 replicates in CON and HS, respectively, 20 per replication. From the 28-42 days, the HS was kept at 31 ± 1°C (9:00-17:00, 8 h) and other time was maintained at 21 ± 1°C as in the CON. At the 42nd day experiment, we calculated the growth performance (n = 8) of broilers and collected 3 and 6 cecal tissues for transcriptomic and metabolomic investigation and 4 cecal contents for metagenomic investigation of each treatment. Results and discussion The results indicate that heat stress significantly reduced the average daily gain and body weight of broilers (value of p < 0.05). Transcriptome KEGG enrichment showed that the differential genes were mainly enriched in the NF-kB signaling pathway. Metabolomics results showed that KEGG enrichment showed that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the mTOR signaling pathway. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing results indicated that heat stress increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes. Multi-omics analysis showed that the co-participating pathway of differential genes, metabolites and microorganisms KEGG enrichment was purine metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis found that ornithine was positively correlated with SULT1C3, GSTT1L and g_Lactobacillus, and negatively correlated with CALB1. PE was negatively correlated with CALB1 and CHAC1, and positively with g_Alistipes. In conclusion, heat stress can generate large amounts of reactive oxygen and increase the types of harmful bacteria, reduce intestinal nutrient absorption and antioxidant capacity, and thereby damage intestinal health and immune function, and reduce growth performance indicators. This biological process is manifested in the complex regulation, providing a foundational theoretical basis for solving the problem of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zheng Wang
- Shanxi Key Lab. for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Lab. for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Ncho CM, Gupta V, Choi YH. Effects of Dietary Glutamine Supplementation on Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030570. [PMID: 36978818 PMCID: PMC10045030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In avian species, heat stress (HS) is usually the result of being exposed to high ambient temperatures, whereas oxidative stress (OS) results from the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The current literature suggests that HS often leads to OS. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine on the antioxidant status and growth performances in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 13 studies were deemed eligible after an exhaustive search of the literature from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Briefly, the following criteria were used to select the studies: trials performed on broilers; publication in peer-review journals using English as the text language; and sufficient details about the design and inclusion of dietary glutamine as a treatment for HS. Two main categories of outcomes were extracted from the studies included in the review: growth parameters and OS markers. For the meta-analysis, a random effect model was used when the heterogeneity was higher than 50%, and a fixed effect model was applied otherwise. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD), and mean differences (MD) with their confidence intervals (CI) from the studies revealed that dietary glutamine could increase body weight gain (SMD = 0.70, CI = 0.50 to 0.90, p < 0.05), and feed intake (FI) (SMD = 0.64, CI = 0.43 to 0.86, p < 0.05), and reduce the feed conversion ratio (MD = −0.05, CI = −0.07 to −0.02, p < 0.05) in heat-exposed birds. Additionally, higher glutamine (SMD = 1.21, CI = 1.00 to 1.43, p < 0.05), glutathione (SMD = 1.25, CI = 0.88 to 1.62, p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD = 0.97, CI = 0.58 to 1.36, p < 0.05), and catalase (SMD = 0.94, CI = 0.72 to 1.16, p < 0.05) levels were recorded in the serum, breast, and thigh muscle after supplementation of glutamine. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that malondialdehydes levels were decreased only in the serum (SMD = −0.83, CI = −1.25 to −0.41, p < 0.001) and thigh muscle (SMD = −1.30, CI = −1.86 to −0.35, p < 0.001) while glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was increased in the breast (SMD = 1.32, CI = 0.95 to 1.68, p < 0.05) and thigh muscle (SMD = 1.53, CI = 1.06 to 1.99, p < 0.05). Meta-regression models indicated that longer periods of heat exposure were inversely associated with the effectiveness of dietary glutamine in increasing FI, GPX, and SOD (p < 0.05). Besides, increasing the dietary concentration of glutamine led to higher GPX and SOD levels (p < 0.05). Taken together, results suggest that dietary supplementation of glutamine can effectively mitigate the deleterious effects of HS by enhancing the antioxidant status and increasing growth performances in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Major Ncho
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Zhang W, Wu B, Wu W, Cui X, Li D, Gao F, Li T, Zhu L, Geng Y, Zhang L, Hu Y, Luo X. An optimal dietary sodium chloride supplemental level of broiler chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1077750. [PMID: 36561393 PMCID: PMC9767365 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1077750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is usually added to diets to meet the Na and Cl requirements of broilers in the Chinese poultry industry, but the optimal dietary NaCl supplemental level was not well-established. The present study was conducted to estimate the optimal dietary NaCl supplemental level of broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 490, 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were fed a NaCl-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 or 0.60% NaCl for 21 days. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the optimal dietary NaCl level using the best fitted broken-line or asymptotic models. As dietary supplemental NaCl levels increased, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), blood partial pressure of CO2, total CO2, base excess and anion gap, blood concentrations of HCO3, Na and Cl, serum Na concentration, jejunal villus height (VH) and tibia ash content increased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05), while feed/gain ratio, relative weights of heart, liver and kidney, blood K concentration, serum concentrations of K, uric acid and glucose, and osmotic pressure decreased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05). The estimates of optimal dietary NaCl levels were 0.20-0.22% based on the best fitted broken-line or asymptotic models (P < 0.0001) of ADG, ADFI and feed/gain ratio, and 0.08-0.24% based on the best fitted broken-line or asymptotic models (P < 0.0001) of blood gas indices, serum parameters, jejunal VH, tibia ash content and organ indices. These results suggested that the optimal dietary NaCl supplemental level would be 0.24% for broilers fed the corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age, which is lower than the current dietary NaCl supplemental level (0.30%) in the Chinese broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Zhang
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Wu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ding Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feiyu Gao
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yun Hu
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Xugang Luo
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Oladokun S, Adewole DI. Biomarkers of heat stress and mechanism of heat stress response in Avian species: Current insights and future perspectives from poultry science. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang S, Liu J, Gu Z, Liu P, Lan Q. Physiological and Metabolic Adaptation to Heat Stress at Different Altitudes in Yaks. Metabolites 2022; 12:1082. [PMID: 36355165 PMCID: PMC9699490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yaks have strong adaptability to extremely cold and hypoxic conditions but are susceptible to high ambient temperature when yaks are raised in low-altitude areas during the high-temperature season. Twenty-four adult male yaks with similar weights and ages were randomly divided into TN (Thermoneutral, altitude = 3464 m), LHS (Light heat stress, altitude = 1960 m), and MHS (Medium heat stress, altitude = 906 m) groups to evaluate adaptation strategies to HS. Non-targeted and targeted metabolomics were applied to investigate the effects of different extents of HS on yaks. LHS- and MHS-yaks showed higher rectal temperatures and respiratory rates than TN-yaks. MHS-yaks had higher levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), whole blood relative index of middle shear at a shear rate of 5 S-1 (WMS), whole blood relative index of high shear at a shear rate of 200 S-1 (WHS), Casson viscosity (CV), middle shear flow resistance at a shear rate of 5 S-1 (MSFR), and high shear flow resistance at a shear rate of 200 S-1 (HSFR) as compared to TN- and LHS-yaks. Differential metabolites and metabolic pathways, including fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, were altered by HS. Metabolites in the glucose metabolism pathway in LHS- and MHS-yaks were lower than those in TN-yaks. However, LHS-yaks showed higher levels of metabolites in the HIF-1 signaling pathway compared to TN- and MHS-yaks. Most of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates and fatty acids were significantly decreased in MHS-yaks compared to the other two groups. As a whole, yaks raised at a low altitude (25.6 °C) suffered from severe HS, but they adapted to HS with vasodilatation for dissipating heat and the increased antioxidants and metabolite levels of energy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhaobing Gu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qin Lan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Teyssier JR, Brugaletta G, Sirri F, Dridi S, Rochell SJ. A review of heat stress in chickens. Part II: Insights into protein and energy utilization and feeding. Front Physiol 2022; 13:943612. [PMID: 36003648 PMCID: PMC9393371 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.943612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing global demand for animal protein and rising temperatures caused by climate change, heat stress (HS) is one of the main emerging environmental challenges for the poultry industry. Commercially-reared birds are particularly sensitive to hot temperatures, so adopting production systems that mitigate the adverse effects of HS on bird performance is essential and requires a holistic approach. Feeding and nutrition can play important roles in limiting the heat load on birds; therefore, this review aims to describe the effects of HS on feed intake (FI) and nutrient digestibility and to highlight feeding strategies and nutritional solutions to potentially mitigate some of the deleterious effects of HS on broiler chickens. The reduction of FI is one of the main behavioral changes induced by hot temperatures as birds attempt to limit heat production associated with the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. Although the intensity and length of the heat period influences the type and magnitude of responses, reduced FI explains most of the performance degradation observed in HS broilers, while reduced nutrient digestibility appears to only explain a small proportion of impaired feed efficiency following HS. Targeted feeding strategies, including feed restriction and withdrawal, dual feeding, and wet feeding, have showed some promising results under hot temperatures, but these can be difficult to implement in intensive rearing systems. Concerning diet composition, feeding increased nutrient and energy diets can potentially compensate for decreased FI during HS. Indeed, high energy and high crude protein diets have both been shown to improve bird performance under HS conditions. Specifically, positive results may be obtained with increased added fat concentrations since lipids have a lower thermogenic effect compared to proteins and carbohydrates. Moreover, increased supplementation of some essential amino acids can help support increased amino acid requirements for maintenance functions caused by HS. Further research to better characterize and advance these nutritional strategies will help establish economically viable solutions to enhance productivity, health, welfare, and meat quality of broilers facing HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Rémi Teyssier
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Jean-Rémi Teyssier, ; Samuel J. Rochell,
| | - Giorgio Brugaletta
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Samuel J. Rochell
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Jean-Rémi Teyssier, ; Samuel J. Rochell,
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathways in Procambarus clarkii (Louisiana crawfish) at different acute temperature stress. Genomics 2022; 114:110415. [PMID: 35718088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Procambarus clarkii is an important economic species in China, and exhibit heat and cold tolerance in the main culture regions. To understand the mechanisms, we analyzed the hepatopancreas transcriptome of P. clarkii treated at 10 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, then 2092 DEGs and 6929 DEGs were found in 30 °C stress group and 10 °C stress group, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that immune pathway is the main stress pathway for 10 °C treatment and metabolic pathway is the main response pathway for 30 °C treatment, which implies low temperature stress induces the damage of the immune system and increases the susceptibility of bacteria while the body response to high temperature stress through metabolic adjustment. In addition, flow cytometry proved that both high and low temperature stress caused different degrees of apoptosis of hemocytes, and dynamic transcription heat map analysis also identified the differential expression of HSPs family genes and apoptosis pathway genes under different heat stresses. This indicates that preventing damaged protein misfolding and accelerating cell apoptosis are necessary mechanisms for P. clarkii to cope with high and low temperature stress. Our research has deepened our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of P. clarkii in response to acute temperature stress, and provided a potential strategy for aquatic animals to relieve environmental duress.
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Uyanga VA, Oke EO, Amevor FK, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Functional roles of taurine, L-theanine, L-citrulline, and betaine during heat stress in poultry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:23. [PMID: 35264238 PMCID: PMC8908636 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is an important environmental stress factor affecting poultry production on a global scale. With the rise in ambient temperature and increasing effects of global warming, it becomes pertinent to understand the effects of HS on poultry production and the strategies that can be adopted to mitigate its detrimental impacts on the performance, health, welfare, immunity, and survival of birds. Amino acids (AAs) have been increasingly adopted as nutritional modifiers in animals to ameliorate the adverse effects of HS. They are essential for protein synthesis, growth, maintenance, reproduction, immunity, stress response, and whole-body homeostasis. However, HS tends to adversely affect the availability, transport, absorption, and utilization of these AAs. Studies have investigated the provision of these AAs to poultry during HS conditions, and variable findings have been reported. Taurine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline are non-essential amino acids that are increasingly gaining attention as nutritional supplements in HS animals. Similarly, betaine is an amino acid derivative that possesses favorable biological properties which contributes to its role as a functional additive during HS. Of particular note, taurine is negligible in plants, while betaine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline can be found in selected plants. These nutrients are barely found in feed ingredients, but their supply has been shown to elicit important physiological roles including anti-stress effects, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, gut promoting, and immunomodulatory functions. The present review provides information on the use of these nutritionally and physiologically beneficial nutrients as functional additives to poultry diets during HS conditions. Presently, although several studies have reported on the positive effects of these additives in human and murine studies, however, there is limited information regarding their utilization during heat stress in poultry nutrition. Therefore, this review aims to expound on the functional properties of these nutrients, their potentials for HS alleviation, and to stimulate further researches on their biological roles in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Emmanuel O Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Okanlawon M Onagbesan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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de Sousa FCB, Del Vesco AP, Zancanela V, Santana TP, de Souza Khatlab A, Feitosa VEM, Brito CO, Barbosa LT, Gasparino E. Effects of methionine as free amino acid and dipeptide on productive efficiency and meat quality of broilers under acute and chronic heat stress. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Context Methionine in the form of free amino acid has been widely studied in broilers challenged by heat stress (HS). However, the effects of methionine dipeptide in broilers subjected to HS are not known. Aims To evaluate the effects of methionine as free amino acid and dipeptide on the performance, oxidative status, plasma parameters and meat quality of broilers subjected to acute and chronic HS. Methods Broilers were evaluated at the following three experimental periods: 24 h of evaluation (21–22 days of age); 10 days of evaluation (22–32 days of age); and 20 days of evaluation (22–42 days of age). Broilers were divided into two groups; one group was raised in thermal comfort, and the other group was raised in continuous HS of 30°C. In both groups, animals received a diet without methionine supplementation (MD), with supplementation of methionine as free amino acid (dl-M), and with supplementation of methionine as dipeptide (dl-MM). Key results HS reduced body weight gain after 10 and 20 days of evaluation. Broilers under HS condition fed the MD diet had the highest concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 22 days of age and carbonylated proteins (CP) at 32 days of age. At 42 days of age, broilers fed the MD diet had higher concentrations of TBARS and CP. At 32 days of age, broilers under HS had lower high-density lipoprotein and higher low-density lipoprotein concentrations. In breast meat, broilers in thermal comfort fed the dl-M or dl-MM diets had a lower cooking loss. Broilers in HS fed the dl-M diet had the lowest cooking loss. HS reduced the pH of the meat of legs. Conclusions The acute and chronic HS affect the broiler performance in different ways. Methionine supplementation contributes to reduce the effects of HS. There were no notable differences between the supplementation of dl-M or dl-MM. Implications Productivity and the quality of the chicken meat are the most important attributes of the production. The ambient temperature can influence these parameters. The methionine in its most varied forms, due to its direct and indirect antioxidant function, has been shown to be an effective source of protection for the animal in adverse conditions such as during HS.
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Dao HT, Sharma NK, Bradbury EJ, Swick RA. Effects of L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced protein diets for broilers under normal and cyclic warm temperature. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:927-938. [PMID: 34703910 PMCID: PMC8526778 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress causes significant economic losses in the broiler industry. Dietary supplementation of arginine (Arg) and citrulline (Cit) might increase the performance of broilers raised under warm temperature due to vasodilation effects. This study investigated the effects of L-Arg or L-Cit supplementation in broilers fed a reduced protein wheat-based diet deficient in Arg under thermoneutral (NT) and cyclic warm temperature (WT). Ross 308 cockerels (n = 720) were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 12 replicates of 15 birds per pen from d 7 to 21. The 4 treatments were: normal protein (NP), i.e., 22.3% and 20.9% crude protein in grower and finisher, respectively; reduced protein (RP), i.e., 2.5% lower protein and deficient in Arg; and RP supplemented with 0.28% Arg (RP-Arg) or 0.28% Cit (RP-Cit). A factorial arrangement of treatments was applied during the finisher phase (21 to 35 d). Factors were: diet (4 diets above); and temperature, NT (24 °C) or cyclic WT (33 ± 1 °C for 6 h per day) with 6 replicate pens per treatment. During 7 to 35 d and 21 to 35 d, the birds fed the RP diet had lower body weight gain (BWG) and higher FCR compared to the NP diet (P < 0.01). The addition of Arg or Cit to RP decreased FCR compared to RP (P < 0.01). During 21 to 35 d, the birds exposed to WT had lower feed intake (FI), lower BWG (P < 0.001) but similar FCR (P > 0.05) compared to birds exposed to NT. Diet by temperature interactions were not observed for performance parameters during the period of WT (P > 0.05). On d 35, the RP-fed birds had a lower yield of thigh and drumstick, higher fat pad, lower femur ash, and breaking strength but similar serum uric acid level and higher nitrogen digestibility on d 21 compared to those offered NP (P < 0.05). Supplementation of Arg or Cit to RP resulted in increased femur ash on d 35 (P < 0.05). Thus, feeding the NP diets is necessary to maintain growth performance in broilers regardless of the temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Thi Dao
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nishchal K. Sharma
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | - Robert A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Elshafaei H, Rashed R, Goma A, El-kazaz S, Downing J. Performance, behaviour, breast yield and AME of meat chickens fed a reduced protein finisher diet while exposed to severe acute or moderate chronic thermal challenges. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alhotan RA, Al-Sagan AA, Al-Abdullatif AA, Hussein EOS, Saadeldin IM, Azzam MM, Swelum AA. Interactive effects of dietary amino acid density and environmental temperature on growth performance and expression of selected amino acid transporters, water channels, and stress-related transcripts. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101333. [PMID: 34274571 PMCID: PMC8318993 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heat stress (HS) is one of the challenges facing the broiler industry worldwide. Various nutritional strategies have been suggested, such as altering dietary concentrations of some nutrients. Thus, we evaluated feeding different amino acid (AA) densities on live performance, Pectoralis (P.) muscles, and expression of selected AA transporters, water channels, and stress-related transcripts in a fast-growing broiler strain. Ross 308 chicks (n = 576) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments (24 reps, 6 chicks per rep), differing in AA density (110, 100, 90, and 80% of a breeder's AA specifications). During 24 to 36 days of age, half of the birds were kept at a thermoneutral (TN) temperature of 20°C, whereas the other half were subjected to HS at 32° C for 8 h daily, making the treatment design a 4 × 2. The results revealed no interaction between housing temperature and AA density on growth performance or P. muscles weights. Feeding 80% AAs depressed BWG, FCR, and P. muscles at 36 d (P < 0.001). There was an interaction (P < 0.001) between AA density and temperature on the expression of all examined genes. Reducing the AA density beyond 100% upregulated the expression of AA transporter (CAT1, B0AT, b0,+AT, SNAT1, LAT1), HSP70, HSP90, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and AQP3 in the TN birds’ jejunum. Whereas in the HS birds, inconsistent expressions were observed in the jejunum, of which CAT1, B0AT, and LAT1 were markedly downregulated as AA density was reduced. In P. major of TN birds, reducing AA density resulted in upregulating the expression of all AA transporters, HSP70, GR, and AQP1, while downregulating HSP90 and AQP9. In contrast, AA reduction markedly downregulated CAT1, B0AT, and LAT1 in the P. major of HS birds. These findings indicate that the dietary AA level alters the expression of various genes involved in AA uptake, protein folding, and water transport. The magnitude of alteration is also dependent on the housing temperature. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of adequate AA nutrition for fast-growing chickens under HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A A Al-Sagan
- King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Al-Abdullatif
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - E O S Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - I M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - A A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism in Poultry during and after Heat Stress: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041167. [PMID: 33921616 PMCID: PMC8074156 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examined the influence of environmental heat stress, a concern facing modern broiler producers, on protein metabolism and broiler performance, as well as the physiological mechanisms that activate and control or minimize the detrimental impacts of stress. In addition, available scientific papers that focused on amino acids (AA) digestibility under stress conditions were analyzed. Furthermore, AA supplementation, a good strategy to enhance broiler thermotolerance, amelioration, or stress control, by keeping stress at optimal levels rather than its elimination, plays an important role in the success of poultry breeding. Poultry maintain homeothermy, and their response to heat stress is mainly due to elevated ambient temperature and the failure of effective heat loss, which causes a considerable negative economic impact on the poultry industry worldwide. Reduced feed intake, typically observed during heat stress, was the primary driver for meat production loss. However, accumulating evidence indicates that heat stress influences poultry metabolism and endocrine profiles independently of reduced feed intake. In conclusion, high ambient temperatures significantly reduced dietary AA intake, which in turn reduced protein deposition and growth in broilers. Further studies are required to determine the quantity of the AA needed in warm and hot climates and to introduce genetic tools for animal breeding associated with the heat stress in chickens.
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Maharjan P, Mullenix G, Hilton K, Caldas J, Beitia A, Weil J, Suesuttajit N, Kalinowski A, Yacoubi N, Naranjo V, England J, Coon C. Effect of digestible amino acids to energy ratios on performance and yield of two broiler lines housed in different grow-out environmental temperatures. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6884-6898. [PMID: 33248604 PMCID: PMC7704956 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two broiler lines, Line A and Line B, were fed experimental diets from 22 to 42 d with objectives to determine effects of digestible amino acids (AA) to metabolizable energy ratios on feed intake (FI), performance, and processing yield. Experimental diets were formulated to 3,150 kcal/kg with 5 levels of digestible lysine (dLys)—80, 90, 100, 110, and 120% of recommended AA level giving g dLys/Mcal values of 2.53, 2.85, 3.17, 3.48, and 3.80, respectively. All other AA were formulated to a fixed ratio to dLys. A total of 4,050 chicks were utilized in each trial (9 replicate pens for each AA level and each line; 45 chicks/pen) conducted twice: one in hot environmental temperature (HT) (24 h mean ∼85.3 °F; 80.9% RH) and another in cool environmental temperature (CT) (24 h mean ∼71.6 °F; 61.7% RH). Results showed that FI was not impacted by dietary AA levels in HT for both lines. Higher FI (P < 0.05) was observed in CT for lower dietary AA levels (<100% AA level) for both lines, with overall higher FI occurring in Line B. Higher FI for Line B was also accompanied by higher body weight in HT and CT. Treatment diets had quadratic effects on average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and processing yields (breasts and tenders) in both HT and CT, with broilers in CT performing better (P < 0.05). The optimal response values for ADG in HT and CT were 89.72 g and 113.44 g occurring at 120 and 109.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for FCR in HT and CT were 1.79 and 1.58 occurring at 120 and 117.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for breast meat yield in HT and CT were 575.9 g and 776.5 g occurring at 112.6 and 114.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for tender meat yield in HT and CT were 119.8 g and 154.9 g occurring at 120 and 115% AA level, respectively. Line A had a higher breast and tender yield % (of live weight) for both environmental temperatures which correlated to body composition data with higher % protein mass and % digestible AA retention. In this study, findings indicated that effects of increased digestible AA density on FI, performance, and processing yield are specific to strain and grow-out temperature, but the optimum response was attained for both lines with diets containing 110 to 120% AA levels (3.48–3.80 g dLys/Mcal) during the 22 to 42 d finisher period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramir Maharjan
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Garret Mullenix
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Katie Hilton
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | | | - Antonio Beitia
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Jordan Weil
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Nawin Suesuttajit
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | | | | | - Victor Naranjo
- Evonik Guatemala S.A., Edificio Punto Diez, Oficina 3D, Cidade da Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Judy England
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Craig Coon
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
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Hasan Siddiqui S, Kang D, Park J, Choi HW, Shim K. Acute Heat Stress Induces the Differential Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Different Sections of the Small Intestine of Chickens Based on Exposure Duration. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071234. [PMID: 32708054 PMCID: PMC7401550 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the protein and gene expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in different sections of the small intestine of chickens. In total, 300 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the control and treatment groups. The treatment group was divided into four subgroups, according to the duration of acute heat exposure (3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The influence of heat stress on the protein and gene expression of HSP70, HSP60, and HSP47 in different sections of the small intestine of chickens was determined. The protein expression of HSP70 and HSP60 was significantly higher at 6 h in the duodenum and jejunum and 12 h in the ileum. The HSP47 protein expression was significantly higher at 3 h in the duodenum and ileum and at 6 h in the jejunum. The gene expression levels of HSP70, HSP60, and HSP47 were significantly higher at the 3 h treatment group than the control group in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase levels were significantly higher at 12 and 24 h in the serum of the blood. Acute heat stress affected the expression of intestinal proteins and genes in chickens, until the induction of heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Hasan Siddiqui
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.H.S.); (D.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Darae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.H.S.); (D.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Jinryong Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.H.S.); (D.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.C.); (K.S.); Tel.: +82-10-3169-9417 (H.W.C.); +82-10-3889-1003 (K.S.)
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.H.S.); (D.K.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.C.); (K.S.); Tel.: +82-10-3169-9417 (H.W.C.); +82-10-3889-1003 (K.S.)
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Awad E, Zulkifli I, Ramiah S, Khalil E, Abdallh M. Prebiotics supplementation: an effective approach to mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1759222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Preclinical Department, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - I. Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S.K. Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E.S. Khalil
- Department of Dairy Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - M.E. Abdallh
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Awad EA, Najaa M, Zulaikha ZA, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF. Effects of heat stress on growth performance, selected physiological and immunological parameters, caecal microflora, and meat quality in two broiler strains. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:778-787. [PMID: 31480196 PMCID: PMC7206398 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effects of normal and heat stress environments on growth performance and, selected physiological and immunological parameters, caecal microflora and meat quality in Cobb 500 and Ross 308 broilers. METHODS One-hundred-and-twenty male broiler chicks from each strain (one-day-old) were randomly assigned in groups of 10 to 24 battery cages. Ambient temperature on day (d) 1 was set at 32°C and gradually reduced to 23°C on d 21. From d 22 to 35, equal numbers of birds from each strain were exposed to a temperature of either 23°C throughout (normal) or 34°C for 6 h (heat stress). RESULTS From d 1 to 21, strain had no effect (p>0.05) on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), or the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Except for creatine kinase, no strain×temperature interactions were observed for all the parameters measured. Regardless of strain, heat exposure significantly (p<0.05) reduced FI and BWG (d 22 to 35 and 1 to 35), immunoglobulin Y (IgY) and IgM, while increased FCR (d 22 to 35 and 1 to 35) and serum levels of glucose and acute phase proteins (APPs). Regardless of temperature, the Ross 308 birds had significantly (p<0.05) lower IgA and higher finisher and overall BWG compared to Cobb 500. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the detrimental effects of heat stress are consistent across commercial broiler strains because there were no significant strain×temperature interactions for growth performance, serum APPs and immunoglobulin responses, meat quality, and ceacal microflora population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Muhamad Najaa
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainool Abidin Zulaikha
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdoreza Farjam Soleimani
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Castro FLS, Kim HY, Hong YG, Kim WK. The effect of total sulfur amino acid levels on growth performance, egg quality, and bone metabolism in laying hens subjected to high environmental temperature. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4982-4993. [PMID: 31152669 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) levels on performance, egg quality, and bone metabolism in laying hens subjected or not to high environmental temperature (HT). HyLine W36 layers (n = 144) were randomly distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Room temperature (control, CR: 21°C/24 h; and high temperature, HR: 32°C/8 h) and diets (70, 85, or 100% of TSAA) were the main factors, with 4 replicates of 6 birds (19 to 45 wk). The TSAA levels were obtained by adding L-Methionine (L-Met) to the basal diet (70% of TSAA) until 85 and 100% of TSAA were reached. At weeks 21, 34, and 45, growth performance, egg production, and egg quality traits were evaluated. At 45 wk, bones were evaluated for collagenous and non-collagenous proteins, bone volume, mineral content, and mineral density from total, cortical, trabecular, and medullary portions. When interactions were found, the increase of TSAA levels (85 and 100%) was able to counteract the negative effects of HT. In general, HT reduced egg production (P < 0.05) and did not significantly affect bone quality. The birds fed 70% of TSAA showed higher feed conversion, lower body weight, egg weight, and egg mass than birds fed 85 and 100% of TSAA in at least one phase. The birds fed 100% of TSAA showed higher egg production and egg mass than the other treatments at 21 wk of age. The cortical and trabecular bone mineral densities were higher for birds fed 100 than 70% of TSAA, whereas the medullary bone mineral content and density were higher for birds fed 70 than 100% of TSAA. In conclusion, HT had negative impact on performance, egg quality and no effect on bone development. The supplementation of L-Met until either 85 or 100% of TSAA levels were reached was enough to assure good performance, egg quality, and bone development in laying hens subjected or not to HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L S Castro
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - H Y Kim
- CJ Corporation, 330 Dongho-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-400, South Korea
| | - Y G Hong
- CJ Corporation, 330 Dongho-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-400, South Korea
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Amiri M, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Khaltabadi Farahani AH. Efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid at different dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, stress indicators, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kalvandi O, Sadeghi A, Karimi A. Methionine supplementation improves reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder Japanese quail under heat stress conditions. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:275-286. [PMID: 31807638 PMCID: PMC6852882 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-275-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of methionine (Met) supplementation on productive and reproductive performance, immune response and antioxidant status in breeder quails reared under heat stress (HS). A total of 125 breeder quails were divided into five groups. One group was kept in an environmentally controlled room at 22 ∘ C and considered as thermoneutral, and four groups were kept at 34 ∘ C and fed a basal diet (heat stressed) or a basal diet with Met concentrations 1.15, 1.30 and 1.45 times the quail requirements per NRC (1994) recommendations. HS decreased egg production in birds fed the basal diet ( P < 0.05 ). Higher feed intake ( P < 0.05 ), egg production ( P < 0.05 ), improved feed efficiency ( P < 0.05 ) and Haugh unit and hatchability variables ( P < 0.05 ) occurred in Met supplemented groups. Birds receiving Met under HS had higher maternal serum IgG, egg yolk IgY and offspring serum IgG (mg mL- 1 ). Quails receiving the Met supplementation diets exhibited higher ( P < 0.05 ) plasma levels and liver activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase as well as lower ( P < 0.05 ) plasma and liver levels of malondialdehyde compared to the HS group fed the basal diet. All breeder quails receiving the Met supplement had lower ( P < 0.05 ) heterophil and H / L ratios as well as higher ( P < 0.05 ) lymphocytes than quails fed the basal diet under the same stress conditions. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with Met could improve the performance, immunity and antioxidant status of quails by reducing the negative effects of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kalvandi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amirali Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Karimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Lin Law F, Idrus Z, Soleimani Farjam A, Juan Boo L, Awad EA. Effects of protease supplementation of low protein and/or energy diets on growth performance and blood parameters in broiler chickens under heat stress condition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1557019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lin Law
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Liang Juan Boo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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24
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Marchini CFP, Fernandes EA, Nascimento MRBM, Araújo EG, Guimarães EC, Bueno JPR, Fagundes NS, Café MB. The Effect of Cyclic Heat Stress Applied to Different Broiler Chicken Brooding Stages on Animal Performance and Carcass Yield. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - EG Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - JPR Bueno
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - MB Café
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
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Luo J, Song J, Liu L, Xue B, Tian G, Yang Y. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on growth performance and serum biochemical metabolites in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:599-606. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Erol HS, Imik H, Gumus R, Halici M. The Effects of Different Amount of Protein and Vitamin e Supplementation in Rations on Lipid and Antioxidant Metabolism of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H Imik
- Ataturk University, Turkey
| | - R Gumus
- Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
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27
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Souza LFAD, Espinha LP, Almeida EAD, Lunedo R, Furlan RL, Macari M. How heat stress (continuous or cyclical) interferes with nutrient digestibility, energy and nitrogen balances and performance in broilers. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Marchini CFP, Café MB, Araújo EG, Nascimiento MRBM. Physiology, cell dynamics of small intestinal mucosa, and performance of broiler chickens under heat stress: a review. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2016. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v29n3a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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29
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Oliveira P, Faria Júnior M, Garcia Neto M. Estratégias para minimizar os efeitos de um ambiente térmico adverso para frangos de corte. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O calor limita a produção de frangos de corte. Este trabalho avaliou as interações entre o termocondicionamento precoce (TCP) e o uso do equilíbrio eletrolítico (EE) sobre o desempenho e as características da carcaça das aves. Assim, o balanço eletrolítico (BE = Na + K - Cl) foi ajustado em 350mEq/kg, e a relação eletrolítica (K+Cl)/Na em 3:1, pelo programa PPFR. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Zootecnia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba/Unesp. Alojaram-se 240 pintos machos de um dia de idade, linhagem Cobb-500(r), em bateria metálica com 24 divisões e aquecimento elétrico automático. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x2, totalizando quatro tratamentos com seis repetições e 10 aves por parcela experimental. O TCP ocorreu no quinto dia de idade, por 24 horas, a 36,5°C, em metade do lote. Posteriormente, as aves foram transferidas para um galpão climatizado e alojadas em boxes, da mesma forma que a outra parcela que não passou pelo TCP. Avaliaram-se os efeitos do estresse calórico crônico (seis horas a 32°C) aplicado do 35º ao 39º dia de idade. Foram monitoradas a temperatura e a umidade do ar, bem como a temperatura de globo negro. Alimentação e água foram fornecidas ad libitum. Calcularam-se os dados de desempenho zootécnico e a taxa de mortalidade das aves. Submeteram-se os resultados à análise de variância e à comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey. Não houve interação entre o TCP e o EE sobre o desempenho e as características da carcaça das aves. As estratégias, TCP e EE, mostraram-se ineficazes para amenizar os efeitos do estresse calórico crônico em frangos de corte.
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Zhu W, Jiang W, Wu LY. Dietary L-arginine supplement alleviates hepatic heat stress and improves feed conversion ratio of Pekin ducks exposed to high environmental temperature. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:1124-31. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - W. Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - L. Y. Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
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31
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Imik H, Atasever MA, Urcar S, Ozlu H, Gumus R, Atasever M. Meat quality of heat stress exposed broilers and effect of protein and vitamin E. Br Poult Sci 2013; 53:689-98. [PMID: 23281765 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.736609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. This study was designed to determine the effects of heat stress exposure on broiler fattening performance, meat quality and microbial counts. 2. Six groups were established: CHP (24°C+210 g/kg crude protein (CP)), SHP (34°C+210 g/kg CP), CLP (24°C+190 g/kg CP), SLP (34°C+190 g/kg CP), SHPVE (34°C+210 g/kg CP+Vitamin E) and SLPVE (34°C+190 g/kg CP+Vitamin E) groups. 3. It was determined that the body weights of the male animals included in Group CHP displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to those of Groups SHP, CLP and SLP. Furthermore, it was ascertained that the values of Group CLP also displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to those of Groups CHP, SHP and SLP. The feed consumptions in Groups CHP and CLP were significantly different from those of the remaining groups, excluding Group SHP. The highest feed conversion rate was determined in Group SHPVE. 4. When evaluated for chicken drumstick TBA values, Group CHP differed significantly from Groups SHP, SHPVE, CLP and SLP, whilst Group CLP differed significantly from Groups SHP, SHPVE and SLP. On the other hand, when evaluated for breast meat TBA values, Group CHP displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to Groups SHP, SLP and SLPVE, whilst Group CLP differed significantly from Groups CHP, SHP, SLP and SLPVE. 5. The sensitivity of breast meat to colour susceptibility was greater than that of chicken drumsticks. While storage period affected the TBA values and microbial counts of meat significantly, its effect on colour parameters was found to be variable. Trial groups significantly affected total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts in chicken drumsticks, and Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts in breast meat. 6. In conclusion, heat stress adversely affected final body weights and the lipid oxidation of meat, whilst vitamin E alleviated these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Imik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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32
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Chen XY, Wei PP, Xu SY, Geng ZY, Jiang RS. Rectal temperature as an indicator for heat tolerance in chickens. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:737-9. [PMID: 23634694 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High environmental temperature is perhaps the most important inhibiting factor to poultry production in hot regions. The objective of this study was to test adaptive responses of chickens to high ambient temperatures and identify suitable indicators for selection of heat-tolerant individuals. Full-sib or half-sib Anak-40 pullets (n = 55) with similar body weights were raised in a room with a temperature ranging from 24°C to 28°C, and relative humidity of 50% from 61 to 65 days of age. On day 66, the ambient temperature was increased within 60 min to 35 ± 1°C which was defined as the initial of heat stress (0 h). Rectal temperature (RT) was measured on each pullet at 0, 6, 18, 30, 42, 54 and 66 h. After 66 h the ambient temperature was increased within 30 min to 41 ± 1°C and survival time (HSST) as well as lethal rectal temperatures (LRT) were recorded for each individual. The gap between the RT and initial RT was calculated as ΔTn (ΔT6, ΔT18, ΔT30, ΔT42, ΔT54 and ΔT66), and the interval between LRT and initial RT as ΔTT, respectively. A negative correlation was found between HSST and ΔTn as well as ΔTT (rΔ T 18 = -0.28 and rΔ TT = -0.31, respectively, P < 0.05; rΔT30 = -0.36, rΔ T 42 = -0.38, rΔT54 = -0.56, P < 0.01). Importantly, pullets with low ΔT18 showed a longer HSST (256.0 ± 208.4 min) than those with high ΔT18 (HSST = 123.7 ± 78.3 min). This observation suggested that the ΔT18 or early increment of RT under heat stress might be considered as a reliable indicator for evaluation of heat resistance in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Y Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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33
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Effects of dietary methionine source on productive performance, blood chemical, and hematological profiles in broiler chickens under tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1957-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Guardia S, Konsak B, Combes S, Levenez F, Cauquil L, Guillot JF, Moreau-Vauzelle C, Lessire M, Juin H, Gabriel I. Effects of stocking density on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1878-89. [PMID: 21844251 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased stocking densities are frequently reported to depress chicken growth performance, but the mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on growth performance and digestive microbiota, known to be sensitive to environmental factors. Chickens were reared at 2 stocking densities, 12 or 17 birds/m(2). Growth performance was recorded between d 1 and 39, and litter was scored for quality on d 25, 31, and 37. Digestive microbiota was analyzed along the digestive tract (crop, ileum, ceca) of 3- and 6-wk-old chickens by using 2 molecular approaches: a qualitative method (fingerprinting by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis) and a quantitative method (real-time PCR). An increase in stocking density was found to negatively affect the feed conversion ratio (+3.1%) and depress the daily BW gain of broilers (-5.5%) during the period from d 32 to 39 (P ≤ 0.05). Litter quality was reduced with the high stocking density as early as d 25. At 3 wk of age, stocking density strongly affected the fingerprint profiles of the bacterial community, with the highest modifications observed in the crop and ceca (R analysis of similarity = 0.77 and 0.69, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). At 6 wk of age, significant differences in the fingerprint profiles between the stocking densities appeared in the crop and ceca (R analysis of similarity = 0.52 and 0.27, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). The abundance of bacterial groups targeted by real-time PCR was affected by stocking density, but only to a limited extent. Because digestive microbiota may have consequences on the physiology of the digestive tract, its modification by an increase in stocking density may be involved in the reduced growth performance of the bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guardia
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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35
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36
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Star L, Decuypere E, Parmentier HK, Kemp B. Effect of single or combined climatic and hygienic stress in four layer lines: 2. Endocrine and oxidative stress responses. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1031-8. [PMID: 18492989 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of long-term climatic stress (heat exposure), short-term hygienic stress [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], or combined exposure to these stressors on endocrine and oxidative stress parameters of 4 layer lines (B1, WA, WB, and WF) were investigated. The lines were earlier characterized for natural humoral immune competence and survival rate. Eighty hens per line were randomly divided over 2 identical climate chambers and exposed to constant high temperature (32 degrees C) or a control temperature (21 degrees C) for 23 d. Half of the hens housed in each chamber were i.v. injected with LPS at d 1 after the start of the heat stress period. The effect of heat, LPS, or combined exposure on plasma levels of corticosterone, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)), glucose, uric acid (UA), and TBA reacting substances (TBARS) were investigated. Except for UA, there were no interactions between heat stress and LPS administration. Heat stress enhanced levels of corticosterone, glucose, and TBARS, whereas levels of T(3) and UA were decreased. The T(3) levels, however, were enhanced by LPS administration, whereas levels of UA were decreased. Administration of LPS had no effect on levels of corticosterone and TBARS. Because both stressors caused a reduction in feed intake, it is assumed that changes in most of the plasma levels of the endocrine and oxidative stress parameters are related with the reduction in feed intake. Neither natural humoral immune competence nor survival rate, for which the lines have been characterized, was indicative for the endocrine and oxidative stress responses to different stressors. The present data suggest that hens were able to cope with single or combined heat stress and LPS administration and that heat stress and LPS administration acted like 2 independent stressors. Furthermore, the 4 layer lines differed in response patterns and response levels; line WB was physiologically most sensitive to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Star
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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