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Lacombe J, Zenhausern F. Effect of mechanical forces on cellular response to radiation. Radiother Oncol 2022; 176:187-198. [PMID: 36228760 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the cellular interactions and biochemical signaling has been investigated for long and showed to play a major role in the cell's fate, it is now also evident that mechanical forces continuously applied to the cells in their microenvironment are as important for tissue homeostasis. Mechanical cues are emerging as key regulators of cellular drug response and we aimed to demonstrate in this review that such effects should also be considered vital for the cellular response to radiation. In order to explore the mechanobiology of the radiation response, we reviewed the main mechanoreceptors and transducers, including integrin-mediated adhesion, YAP/TAZ pathways, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors and showed their implication in the modulation of cellular radiosensitivity. We then discussed the current studies that investigated a direct effect of mechanical stress, including extracellular matrix stiffness, shear stress and mechanical strain, on radiation response of cancer and normal cells and showed through preliminary results that such stress effectively can alter cell response after irradiation. However, we also highlighted the limitations of these studies and emphasized some of the contradictory data, demonstrating that the effect of mechanical cues could involve complex interactions and potential crosstalk with numerous cellular processes also affected by irradiation. Overall, mechanical forces alter radiation response and although additional studies are required to deeply understand the underlying mechanisms, these effects should not be neglected in radiation research as they could reveal new fundamental knowledge for predicting radiosensitivity or understanding resistance to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Tuieng RJ, Cartmell SH, Kirwan CC, Sherratt MJ. The Effects of Ionising and Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation on Extracellular Matrix Proteins. Cells 2021; 10:3041. [PMID: 34831262 PMCID: PMC8616186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sub-lethal doses of ionising and non-ionising electromagnetic radiation can impact human health and well-being as a consequence of, for example, the side effects of radiotherapy (therapeutic X-ray exposure) and accelerated skin ageing (chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation: UVR). Whilst attention has focused primarily on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with cells and cellular components, radiation-induced damage to long-lived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins has the potential to profoundly affect tissue structure, composition and function. This review focuses on the current understanding of the biological effects of ionising and non-ionising radiation on the ECM of breast stroma and skin dermis, respectively. Although there is some experimental evidence for radiation-induced damage to ECM proteins, compared with the well-characterised impact of radiation exposure on cell biology, the structural, functional, and ultimately clinical consequences of ECM irradiation remain poorly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Tuieng
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Sarah H. Cartmell
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering and The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Cliona C. Kirwan
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Breast Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK;
| | - Michael J. Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Gupta K, Burns TC. Radiation-Induced Alterations in the Recurrent Glioblastoma Microenvironment: Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2018; 8:503. [PMID: 30467536 PMCID: PMC6236021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is uniformly fatal with a median survival of just over 1 year, despite best available treatment including radiotherapy (RT). Impacts of prior brain RT on recurrent tumors are poorly understood, though increasing evidence suggests RT-induced changes in the brain microenvironment contribute to recurrent GBM aggressiveness. The tumor microenvironment impacts malignant cells directly and indirectly through stromal cells that support tumor growth. Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM), abnormal vasculature, hypoxia, and inflammation have been reported to promote tumor aggressiveness that could be exacerbated by prior RT. Prior radiation may have long-term impacts on microglia and brain-infiltrating monocytes, leading to lasting alterations in cytokine signaling and ECM. Tumor-promoting CNS injury responses are recapitulated in the tumor microenvironment and augmented following prior radiation, impacting cell phenotype, proliferation, and infiltration in the CNS. Since RT is vital to GBM management, but substantially alters the tumor microenvironment, we here review challenges, knowledge gaps, and therapeutic opportunities relevant to targeting pro-tumorigenic features of the GBM microenvironment. We suggest that insights from RT-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment may provide opportunities to target mechanisms, such as cellular senescence, that may promote GBM aggressiveness amplified in previously radiated microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Gupta
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Glioblastoma Stem Cells Microenvironment: The Paracrine Roles of the Niche in Drug and Radioresistance. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6809105. [PMID: 26880981 PMCID: PMC4736577 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6809105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all solid tumors, the high-grade glioma appears to be the most vascularized one. In fact, "microvascular hyperplasia" is a hallmark of GBM. An altered vascular network determines irregular blood flow, so that tumor cells spread rapidly beyond the diffusion distance of oxygen in the tissue, with the consequent formation of hypoxic or anoxic areas, where the bulk of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside. The response to this event is the induction of angiogenesis, a process mediated by hypoxia inducible factors. However, this new capillary network is not efficient in maintaining a proper oxygen supply to the tumor mass, thereby causing an oxygen gradient within the neoplastic zone. This microenvironment helps GSCs to remain in a "quiescent" state preserving their potential to proliferate and differentiate, thus protecting them by the effects of chemo- and radiotherapy. Recent evidences suggest that responses of glioblastoma to standard therapies are determined by the microenvironment of the niche, where the GSCs reside, allowing a variety of mechanisms that contribute to the chemo- and radioresistance, by preserving GSCs. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate the components/factors of the niche in order to formulate new adjuvant therapies rendering more efficiently the gold standard therapies for this neoplasm.
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Spenlé C, Saupe F, Midwood K, Burckel H, Noel G, Orend G. Tenascin-C: Exploitation and collateral damage in cancer management. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:141-53. [PMID: 25569113 PMCID: PMC4422814 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2014.1000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an increasing knowledge about the causes of cancer, this disease is difficult to cure and still causes far too high a death rate. Based on advances in our understanding of disease pathogenesis, novel treatment concepts, including targeting the tumor microenvironment, have been developed and are being combined with established treatment regimens such as surgical removal and radiotherapy. Yet it is obvious that we need additional strategies to prevent tumor relapse and metastasis. Given its exceptional high expression in most cancers with low abundance in normal tissues, tenascin-C appears an ideal candidate for tumor treatment. Here, we will summarize the current applications of targeting tenascin-C as a treatment for different tumors, and highlight the potential of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Spenlé
- a Inserm U1109, MN3T; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France; LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France. Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
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Ratikan JA, Micewicz ED, Xie MW, Schaue D. Radiation takes its Toll. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:238-45. [PMID: 25819030 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability to recognize and respond to universal molecular patterns on invading microorganisms allows our immune system to stay on high alert, sensing danger to our self-integrity. Our own damaged cells and tissues in pathological situations activate similar warning systems as microbes. In this way, the body is able to mount a response that is appropriate to the danger. Toll-like receptors are at the heart of this pattern recognition system that initiates innate pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory signaling cascades and ultimately bridges recognition of danger to adaptive immunity. The acute inflammatory lesions that are formed segue into resolution of inflammation, repair and healing or, more dysfunctionally, into chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, excessive tissue damage and carcinogenesis. Redox is at the nexus of this decision making process and is the point at which ionizing radiation initially intercepts to trigger similar responses to self-damage. In this review we discuss our current understanding of how radiation-damaged cells interact with Toll-like receptors and how the immune systems interprets these radiation-induced danger signals in the context of whole-body exposures and during local tumor irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine A Ratikan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ewa D Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Mannino M, Chalmers AJ. Radioresistance of glioma stem cells: intrinsic characteristic or property of the 'microenvironment-stem cell unit'? Mol Oncol 2011; 5:374-86. [PMID: 21659010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that glioblastoma possess 'stem-like' cells, low concentrations of which can initiate a tumour. It has been proposed that these cells are radioresistant, and that this property contributes to the poor treatment outcomes of these tumours. In this paper we propose that radioresistance is not simply an intrinsic characteristic of glioma stem cells but a result of interactions between these cells and microenvironmental factors, i.e. the 'microenvironment - stem cell unit'. The critical role of the microenvironment, along with glioma stem cells, is supported directly or indirectly by the following observations: glioma stem cells have been shown to reside preferentially in specific niches, the characteristics of which are known to influence cellular responses to radiation; radiation modifies environmental factors; and, contrarily to the consistency of clinical data, in vitro experiments have reported a wide variety in the radiation response of these cells. The paper, therefore, focuses on the interaction between tumour stem cells and the microenvironment, analyzing how its various elements (endothelial cells, extracellular matrix, cytokines, nitric oxide, oxygen levels) are affected by radiation and how these might influence the response of tumour stem cells to radiation. Finally, we summarize the ongoing debate on the optimal culture conditions for glioma stem cells and the difficulties in designing assays that reliably characterize their radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Mannino
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
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Ocular consequences and late effects of brain tumor treatments. Cancer Treat Res 2009. [PMID: 19834669 DOI: 10.1007/b109924_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
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Ueda K, Shimizu O, Oka S, Saito M, Hide M, Matsumoto M. Distribution of tenascin-C, fibronectin and collagen types III and IV during regeneration of rat submandibular gland. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 38:79-84. [PMID: 19097859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the localization of tenascin-C, fibronectin and collagen types III and IV during regeneration of the rat submandibular gland. After 7 days' obstruction, the regenerating glands were collected at days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 after duct release to study regeneration. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that tenascin-C was strongly expressed in the epithelial cells of duct-acinar structures at days 0-3, and down-regulated in its expression from day 5 to 11, though weak expression was detected in the intercalated duct and acinar cells of the normal gland. Strong labeling of fibronectin was detected around duct-acinar structures during days 0-3 of regeneration. Type IV collagen was expressed strongly in the thickened basement membrane of acinar cells and duct-acinar structures during days 0-3, but weakly around large ducts, though type III collagen was expressed at consistent levels. These findings suggest that tenascin-C and fibronectin affect only the duct-acinar structures, and type IV but not type III collagen is involved in the regeneration of acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ueda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Sevastre B, van Ederen AM, Terlou M, Gruys E, Nederbragt H. Immunohistochemical Expression of Tenascin in Melanocytic Tumours of Dogs. J Comp Pathol 2007; 136:49-56. [PMID: 17258226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate tenascin-C (TN) immunolabelling and labelling for endothelium by von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in melanocytic tumours of dogs as compared with normal tissues, to evaluate the TN distribution in these types of tumours and to investigate whether a relation could be established between TN and angiogenesis in different types of tumour. Samples of normal dog skin (n=8), benign skin melanocytomas (n=10), malignant oral melanomas (n=9) and malignant toe melanomas (n=5) were studied. The percentages of TN and vWF immunolabelling per total microscopical area were analysed by morphometric methods. In normal skin, TN was found at dermo-epidermal junctions, around hair follicles, in the smooth muscles of hair follicles, and in the walls of blood vessels. TN immunolabelling (distribution and intensity) in melanocytomas was comparable with that found in normal skin. In melanomas, TN expression was considerably increased, its intensity in toe melanomas being twice that observed in oral melanomas. The degree of TN immunolabelling was not related to the histological malignancy of the melanomas. In melanomas, TN was found in the connective tissue surrounding the tumour cell nests and in narrow stromal strands inside the tumour. Regions infiltrated with lymphocytes were devoid of TN. The presence of TN around capillaries in melanocytomas and melanomas was investigated by double-immunolabelling (for TN and vWF). The intensity of vWF and TN immunolabelling was higher in melanomas than in melanocytomas, and higher in toe melanomas than in oral melanomas; however, no clear relation between TN expression and immunolabelling for vWF was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sevastre
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Durkin SR, Roos D, Higgs B, Casson RJ, Selva D. Ophthalmic and adnexal complications of radiotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 85:240-50. [PMID: 17488452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2006.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of radiotherapy in ophthalmic practice continues to grow. This growth has seen an expansion of indications for radiotherapy, a refinement of the modalities that can be used and a reduction in the ocular and adnexal complications that result from this form of therapy. The compendium of indications for radiotherapy in ophthalmology continues to grow and now includes many conditions such as the treatment of lid and adnexal disease, ocular surface disorders and both benign and malignant disease of the posterior segment and optic pathways. The radiotherapeutic modalities employed to manage these conditions are numerous and include both radioactive plaques (brachytherapy) and external beam radiation techniques. New techniques such as stereotactic radiosurgery are delivering benefits in the management of conditions such as optic nerve sheath meningioma, where the treatment of this blinding and occasionally life-threatening intracranial neoplasm now results in fewer adverse affects. The purpose of this review is to give a brief overview of the indications and treatment modalities, and a more in-depth discussion of the potential side-effects when radiotherapy is used for ocular and periorbital disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Durkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Rossi L, Boccardo F, Corvò R. Endothelial cells increase the radiosensitivity of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells in collagen gel. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:214-22. [PMID: 14693247 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the radiosensitivity of human HSCO oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells in the presence of paracrine factors produced by human HECV umbilical vein endothelial cells. To this end the cells were embedded in separate collagen gels at the density of 1 x 10(6) cells/ml each, and the two gels were placed in a well of a six-well plate, sharing the same medium but without physical contact (two-gel model). The medium was not changed during the observation period to ensure the accumulation of soluble factors. On day 2 of culture the gels were irradiated with 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 8 Gray (Gy) and on day 7 of culture they were disaggregated and cell survival evaluated by the MTT assay. Results were compared with proper untreated and irradiated control groups. Under these experimental conditions it was found that: (1) HSCO and HECV cells influenced reciprocally their behaviour in the two-gel model, in terms that cell survival was enhanced and inhibited, respectively; (2) as expected, HSCO cells were more radioresistant in collagen gel than in monolayer; (3) on the average the survival of HECV cells was enhanced at low radiation doses, irrespective of whether they were cultured alone or with HSCO cells in the two-gel model and (4) HSCO cells displayed a high radioresistance when irradiated alone at doses from 0.5 to 8 Gy. However, when co-cultured with HECV cells in the two-gel model, they become highly radiosensitive already at the dose of 2 Gy, while none of them survived at the dose of 8 Gy. This radiosensitizing effect was specifically induced by paracrine factors circulating in the medium, supporting the notion that stromal endothelial cells may be essential components of a metabolic circuitry supplying solid tumors with radiosensitizing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Rossi
- Laboratory of Comparative Oncology, Instituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10-16132 Genoa, Italy.
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