Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper and Palladium Simultaneously by Using MDTC as a Reagent

Rapid, synergistic extractive spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) by using sensitive chromogenic reagent N″,N″'-bis[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl) methylidene]thiocarbonohydrazide

A rapid and simple spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of copper(II) by using newly synthesized chromogenic reagent, N″,N″'-bis[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]thiocarbonohydrazide [bis(4-fluoroPM)TCH]. The reagent is highly sensitive and it forms yellow colored ternary complex with copper(II) in presence pyridine having composition 1:1:2 (M:L:Py) in the acidic pH range. Absorption of colored complex in amyl acetate is measured with reagent as a blank at λmax 375 nm. The synergistic effect is observed due to pyridine forming adduct with reagent in the organic phase. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range from 2.0 to 14 μg mL(-1) for copper(II)-[bis(4-fluoroPM)TCH]-Py complex. Molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity values for Cu(II)-bis(4-fluoroPM)TCH]-Py complex are 0.42545×10(5) and 0.0014 μg/cm(2), respectively. The selectivity of the developed method was checked in the presence of various foreign ions. The developed method showed relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of 0.13% for n=10. The composition of Cu(II)-[bis(4-fluoroPM)TCH]-Py complex was determined by known methods such as Job's method of continuous variation, mole ratio method and slope ratio method. It is found that the ternary complex is stable for more than 24h. Various factors influencing on the degree of complexation, such as, effect of pH, reagent concentration, synergent concentration, solvent etc. were studied. The accuracy and reliability of method was verified by AAS. This method is found to be simple, rapid and reproducible.

Synergistic extraction and spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) using 1-(2',4'-dinitro aminophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiol: analysis of alloys, pharmaceuticals and biological samples

A simple and selective spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of copper(II) with 1-(2',4'-dinitro aminophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiol [2',4'-dinitro APTPT] as a chromogenic reagent. The procedure was based on the synergistic extraction of copper(II) with 2',4'-dinitro APTPT in the presence of 0.5 mol L(-1) pyridine to give green colored ternary complex of a molar ratio 1:2:2 (M:L:Py) in the pH range 8.7-10.5. It exhibits a maximum absorption of colored complex at 445 nm and 645 nm in chloroform against the reagent blank. Beer's law was followed in the concentration range 10-80 μg mL(-1) of copper(II) and optimum range of 20-70 μg mL(-1) the metal as evaluated from Ringbom's plot. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of copper(II)-2',4'-dinitro APTPT-pyridine complex in chloroform are 0.87×10(3) L mol(-1)c m(-1) and 0.072 μg cm(-2), respectively. The interfering effects of various cations and anions were also studied, and use of suitable masking agents enhances the selectivity of the method. The proposed method is rapid, reproducible and successfully applied for the determination of copper(II) in binary and synthetic mixtures, alloys, pharmaceutical formulations, environmental and fertilizer samples. Comparison of the results with those obtained using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer also tested the validity of the method.