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Amiri L, Khalili Doroodzani A, Ostovar A, Dobaradaran S, Mohammadi A, Nabipour I, Raeisi A, Malekizadeh H, Farhadi A, Saeedi R, Afrashteh S, Nazmara S, Keshtkar M. Lactational Exposure of Human Infants to Metal (loid)s: A Comparison of Industrial and Urban Inhabitants in North of the Persian Gulf. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1829-1842. [PMID: 37524879 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, postnatal metal (loid)s (MLs) exposure was compared between the petrochemical and gas area of Asaluyeh (PGA) and urban area of Kaki (UA) in Bushehr province, Iran. Two hundred human breast milk (BM) samples from the industrial and urban areas were analyzed for MLs using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) were found at the highest levels in both study areas. Adjusted multiple linear regression models revealed that the mean concentration of total MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA was statistically significantly greater than that of the UA (655.85 vs. 338.17 µg/L). Also, the mean concentrations of all detected MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA were statistically significantly higher than those collected from the UA. The hazard index (HI) of combined MLs in the PGA and UA illustrated non-cancer risk for infants. Lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in the PGA and Cr in the UA showed the risk of cancer. So it can be concluded that nursing infants from an industrial area are most at risk for MLs exposure during entire lactation course than those from an urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Atefeh Khalili Doroodzani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Azam Mohammadi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Raeisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasan Malekizadeh
- School of Medicine٫ Bushehr, University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Clinical Research Development Center, The Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Keshtkar
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Chi ZH, Goodyer CG, Hales BF, Bayen S. Characterization of different contaminants and current knowledge for defining chemical mixtures in human milk: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107717. [PMID: 36630790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of xenobiotics, with very diverse origins, have been detected in human milk, including contaminants of emerging concern, personal care products and other current-use substances reflecting lifestyle. The routes of exposure to these chemicals include dermal absorption, ingestion and inhalation. Specific families of chemicals are dominant among human milk monitoring studies (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, bisphenol A, dioxins), even though other understudied families may be equally toxicologically relevant (e.g., food-processing chemicals, current-use plasticizers and flame retardants, mycotoxins). Importantly, the lack of reliable human milk monitoring data for some individual chemicals and, especially, for complex mixtures, is a major factor hindering risk assessment. Non-targeted screening can be used as an effective tool to identify unknown contaminants of concern in human milk. This approach, in combination with novel methods to conduct risk assessments on the chemical mixtures detected in human milk, will assist in elucidating exposures that may have adverse effects on the development of breastfeeding infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hao Chi
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Cindy Gates Goodyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Ghane ET, Khanverdiluo S, Mehri F. The concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the breast milk of mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:126998. [PMID: 35617722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AIM Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for a newborn during the first six months of his or her life. However there is a possibility that breast milk may contain pollutants such as metals. The current meta-analytic study assessed the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni), in mothers' milk. METHOD The literature studies regarding the concentrations of PTEs in the breast milk of mothers were collected from international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Afterward, the Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model was used to assess the non-carcinogenic risk. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION According to 42 of the 836 retrieved articles, the PTE concentrations in mother's milk were as follows: Cu (1.84 mg/kg) > Zn (1.80 mg/kg) > Fe (1.03 mg/kg) > Ni (0.60 mg/kg) > Pb (0.10 mg/kg) > As (0.15 mg/kg) ≈ Cd (0.15 mg/kg). Based on the containment type, the highest concentrations of As (2.80 mg/kg), Cd (0.07 mg/kg), and Pb (2.68 mg/kg) were related to Western Pacific Region (WPRO), European Region (EURO), and WPRO, respectively. In addition, for trace elements, Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) was the region with the highest concentrations of Cu (3.56 mg/kg), Fe (2.78 mg/kg), Ni (3.13 mg/kg), and Zn (5.58 mg/kg) were related to Lastly, the non-carcinogenic risk assessment of the PTEs in breast milk indicated different risk patterns in various countries, and the calculated TTHQ level in infants was below 1. CONCLUSION Overall, human breast milk was generally safe for infants to consume and poses no risks to their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Talebi Ghane
- Assistant professor of Biostatistics, Modeling of noncommunicable disease research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Shima Khanverdiluo
- Food and drug administration, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Assistant professor of toxicology, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Cherkani-Hassani A, Slaoui M, Ghanname I, Mojemmi B, Belhaj A, Kers B, Flayou M, Mouane N. Levels of mercury in Moroccan breast milk and the affecting factors: CONTAMILK study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 127:105065. [PMID: 34687771 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the level of mercury in the breast milk of Moroccan mothers and its association with several maternal parameters and habits, and to estimate the daily intake of the newborns. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentrations of mercury in 70 colostrum samples. Indeed, a structured questionnaire was administrated during milk collection to report data concerning the maternal socioeconomic and anthropometric parameters, as well as dietary habits and smoking habits in the family, etc. The median of mercury in breast milk was 3,56 μg/L (range 1.64-124 μg/L) and exceeded normal levels of 1.7 μg/l, suggested by the World health organization in 99% of milk samples. Significant associations were found between mercury levels and the occurrence of previous miscarriages, anemia before pregnancy and vitamin & mineral supplementation during pregnancy, as well the frequency of consumption of cereals and the use of lipstick. The estimated daily intake was higher than the tolerable daily intake of the World health organization and the European food safety authority in 30% of newborns. These results need to be confirmed by multicenter studies to investigate the levels of mercury in the breast milk of the Moroccan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Cherkani-Hassani
- Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V Rabat, Morocco.
| | | | - Imane Ghanname
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Brahim Mojemmi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Abdelilah Belhaj
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Brahim Kers
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Majda Flayou
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Nezha Mouane
- Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Pediatric, Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition PIII-Children's Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
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Szukalska M, Merritt TA, Lorenc W, Sroczyńska K, Miechowicz I, Komorowicz I, Mazela J, Barałkiewicz D, Florek E. Toxic metals in human milk in relation to tobacco smoke exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111090. [PMID: 33798522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several reports confirm the deleterious effects of tobacco smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) resulting in changes in the composition of breast milk. The aim of our study was to compare the levels of selected essential, as well as, toxic metals found in colostrum (collected at day 1 ± 2 post-birth) and mature milk (1 month ± 7 days post-birth) of nonsmoking women (n = 52) compared to those found in women who smoke tobacco (n = 51) and women exposed to second-hand smoke during pregnancy and lactation (n = 47). Women's non-smoking or smoking status was determined by their responses to a questionnaire, including questions about others who may smoke in the home environment, and confirmed by measurement of cotinine in the blood serum by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS) techniques were used to determine the metal concentrations in colostrum and mature milk previously digested by a microwave mineralizer. We confirmed that exposure to tobacco smoke increases concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in colostrum and mature milk. These increased concentrations of heavy metals may disturb the action of bioactive substances necessary for the optimal growth and development of newborns and infants. These findings support the need for increased concern and information to lactating women about preventing their exposure to cigarette smoking and SHS due to the adverse effects of tobacco smoke on breast milk with added risks to their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szukalska
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thurman Allen Merritt
- Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA92354, USA
| | - Wiktor Lorenc
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sroczyńska
- Department of Newborns' Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Miechowicz
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 79 Dabrowskiego Street, 60-529, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Mazela
- Department of Newborns' Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland.
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Cherkani-Hassani A, Slaoui M, Ghanname I, Mojemmi B, Belhaj A, Kers B, Flayou M, Mouane N. Cadmium Contamination in Breast Milk of Moroccan Lactating Women and the Associated Factors: CONTAMILK Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:47-59. [PMID: 31654257 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess levels of contamination of breast milk (BM) by cadmium (Cd) among lactating mothers from Rabat, Morocco, and to investigate its association with several maternal habits, parameters, and factors. In addition, to estimate the daily intake of the newborns. Cd concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 70 human milk samples collected between the 2nd and 5th day postpartum. Accuracy of the analysis was checked by various methods including the use of reference material. A structured questionnaire was filled during the collection of milk reporting data concerning anthropometric, sociodemographic parameters, dietary and cosmetic habits, etc. The median (range) of Cd in human milk was 0.49 μg/L (range 0.013-95.19 μg/L) respectively. In 21 (30%) of 70 samples, Cd levels were higher than the normal reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in BM (< 1 μg/L). Indeed, several factors affect significantly Cd levels in BM of the mothers such as low maternal education level, preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, and area of residence. Also, the frequency of consumption of milk and dairy products as well dried fruits and wheat bread and the frequency of use of cosmetic powders. However, the daily intake of cadmium by the newborns was lower than tolerable daily intake of the WHO for 97% of them. Our results revealed low cadmium concentrations in human milk samples from Moroccan lactating mothers living in Rabat, also the association of some factors with the levels of contamination found in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Cherkani-Hassani
- Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | | | - Imane Ghanname
- Team Research of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of Casablanca, Bouskoura, Morocco
| | - Brahim Mojemmi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Belhaj
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Brahim Kers
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Majda Flayou
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nezha Mouane
- Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Pediatric, Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition PIII, Children's Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Mahmoudi N, Jonidi Jafari A, Moradi Y, Esrafili A. The mercury level in hair and breast milk of lactating mothers in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:355-366. [PMID: 32399246 PMCID: PMC7203362 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury is one of the major global health concerns due to its stability, bioaccumulation and high toxicity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the mean mercury level in hair and breast milk (BM) of Iranian lactating mothers (ILMs) through meta-analysis technique. We conducted a systematic literature search in online electronic databases included main domestic databases (SID, Magiran, Iran medex, Medlib and ISC) and international databases (Embase, Scopus and PubMed) for studies published between 2000 up 2018. Each process of research and evaluation of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria is done by two researchers, individually. From10 studies entered to meta-analysis process including 556 ILM, the mean hair mercury level (HML) and mean milk mercury level (MML) was estimated to be 0.15 μg/g (95 CI: 0.11-0.19, I2: 47.6%, P: 0.028) and 0.51 μg/l (95 CI: 0.28-0.74, I2: 1.9%, P: 0.421), respectively. In this meta-analysis, the mean HML and mean MML were estimated to be lower than the standard of World Health Organization (WHO). Although the mean mercury level in hair and BM of ILMs was lower than the WHO standard, but due to toxicity and serious concern of health, management and Periodic monitor are recommended in different cities of the country for evaluate the mercury levels in hair and BM of ILMs and to estimate the infant's exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norouz Mahmoudi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Research Center, Life style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li X, Li S, Liu Q, Chen Z. Electronic-Tongue Colorimetric-Sensor Array for Discrimination and Quantitation of Metal Ions Based on Gold-Nanoparticle Aggregation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6315-6320. [PMID: 30973003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensor arrays, called "electronic tongues", provide an alternative to time-consuming detection approaches. In this work, a colorimetric-sensor array composed of three recognition receptors (cysteine, l-glutathione, and melamine) was developed for fast discrimination of toxic metal ions. Different recognition receptors exhibited different binding affinities toward metal ions, causing diverse gold-nanoparticle (AuNP)-aggregation behaviors and generating distinct colorimetric response patterns. As "fingerprints", these response patterns can be quantitatively analyzed by linear-discriminant analysis (LDA). The sensor array achieved good discrimination of six kinds of metal ions (Ti4+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, and Sn4+) in deionized water and real samples. It possessed good reproducibility and exhibited a linear range of 100-900 nM ( R2 = 0.97) for Ti4+, 100-900 nM ( R2 = 0.97) for Cr3+, 100-900 nM ( R2 = 0.98) for Mn2+, 100-1000 nM ( R2 = 0.92) for Sn4+, 100-800 nM ( R2 = 0.94) for Fe3+, and 100-900 nM ( R2 = 0.97) for Pb2+. The sensor array shows feasible potential in environmental monitoring and simplification of water-quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Siqun Li
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266590 , China
| | - Zhengbo Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048 , China
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Taravati Javad M, Vahidinia A, Samiee F, Elaridi J, Leili M, Faradmal J, Rahmani A. Analysis of aluminum, minerals and trace elements in the milk samples from lactating mothers in Hamadan, Iran. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:8-15. [PMID: 30262320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present cross-sectional study is aimed at analyzing the breast milk of lactating mothers in Hamadan, Iran for aluminum and several minerals and trace elements. Ten governmental health care centers were utilized to facilitate collection of breast milk samples. The breast milk samples were collected at 1, 2, 6, 7, and 12 months postpartum from one hundred healthy lactating women, who delivered full-term newborns. Detection of sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al) levels was conducted with the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This method has shown high accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and linearity for the wide range of concentrations. The accumulated data were not normally distributed; thus, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used in the statistical analysis of the results. Mean concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, and Na were 0.75, 1.38, 0.35, 255, 34.58, and 155.72 μg/mL, respectively. The mean level of Al, a well-known neurotoxic metal, was determined to be an alarming 0.191 μg/mL. Moreover, 95% of participants contained very harmful concentrations of Al in their milk. This study also revealed Zn deficiency in about 50% of milk samples. Further investigation is needed to elucidate sources of exposure and factors that may influence maternal and fetal exposure to aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Taravati Javad
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Aliasghar Vahidinia
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nutrition Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fateme Samiee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Jomana Elaridi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Javad Faradmal
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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10
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Cherkani-Hassani A, Ghanname I, Mouane N. Assessment of cadmium levels in human breast milk and the affecting factors: A systematic review, 1971-2014. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2377-2391. [PMID: 26732189 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1057633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a first systematic review summarizing 43 years of research from 36 countries for the assessment of cadmium in breast milk, a suitable matrix in human biomonitoring. OBJECTIVES To report from the published literature the levels of cadmium in breast milk, and the affecting factors causing increase in cadmium concentrations. In addition, to gather several quantitative data that might be useful to evaluate the international degrees of maternal and infant exposure. METHODS We reviewed the literature published between 1971 and 2014, available on Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, reporting quantitative data about cadmium levels in human breast milk. Information about the aim of the study, name of the country, period of collection of samples, size of samples, sampling method, time of lactation, mother's age, area of residence, cadmium concentration, and other data were extracted. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies were selected and included in this systematic review. Some concentrations greatly exceed the limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO); however, about 50% of the studies had less than 1 µg/L cadmium concentration (recommended by the WHO); as well as many factors have shown their implication in breast milk contamination. CONCLUSIONS Breast milk is a pathway of maternal excretion of cadmium. It is also a biological indicator of the degree of environmental pollution and cadmium exposure of the lactating woman and the nourished infant. Therefore, preventive measures and continuous monitoring are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Cherkani-Hassani
- a Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University , Rabat , Morocco.,b Center of Doctoral Studies in Life Sciences and Health CEDoc-SVS, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Imane Ghanname
- c Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Nezha Mouane
- a Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University , Rabat , Morocco.,d Department of Pediatric Hepatology , Gastroenterology and Nutrition -- P III, Rabat Children's Hospital , Rabat , Morocco
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Vacchina V, Séby F, Chekri R, Verdeil J, Dumont J, Hulin M, Sirot V, Volatier JL, Serreau R, Rousseau A, Simon T, Guérin T. Optimization and validation of the methods for the total mercury and methylmercury determination in breast milk. Talanta 2017; 167:404-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Xu C, Tang M, Zhu S, Naranmandura H, Liu W. Assessment of arsenic in colostrum and cord serum and risk exposure to neonates from an island population in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22467-22476. [PMID: 27549238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) has been proven to be highly toxic to humans, but limited attention has focused on exposure levels and potential risks to mother-neonate pairs of coastal populations. This study was conducted by examining the As concentration in colostrum and umbilical cord serum collected from 106 mother-neonate pairs living on Shengsi Island, facing the Yangtze River estuary and Hangzhou Bay in China. Average concentrations of total As in colostrum and cord serum were 18.51 ± 7.00 and 19.83 ± 10.50 μg L-1. One-way ANOVA analysis showed delivered ages and source of drinking water played significant roles in influencing the maternal exposure patterns. Correlation analysis indicated a significantly positive association between As concentrations in colostrum and cord serum. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for other confounders clarified the dose-response relationship with a coefficient value of 0.23 and a 95 % confidence interval of (0.006, 0.492); p < 0.05. The calculated daily intake of total As for neonates through breastfeeding was in the range from 0.413 to 3.65 μg kg-1 body weight, and colostrum As, especially the most toxic species, inorganic arsenic (iAs), would pose a risk to neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Rebelo FM, Caldas ED. Arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium: Toxicity, levels in breast milk and the risks for breastfed infants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:671-688. [PMID: 27619212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metals are ubiquitous in nature, being found in all environmental compartments, and have a variety of applications in human activities. Metals are transferred by maternal blood to the fetus via the placenta, and exposure continues throughout life. For the general population, exposure comes mainly from water and food consumption, including breast milk. In this paper, we reviewed studies on the toxicity of arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium, the toxic metals of most concern to human health, focusing on the potential risks to newborns and infants. A total of 75 studies published since 2000 reporting the levels of these metals in breast milk were reviewed. Lead was the metal most investigated in breast milk (43 studies), and for which the highest levels were reported (up to 1515µg/L). Arsenic was the least investigated (18 studies), with higher levels reported for breast milk (up to 149µg/L) collected in regions with high arsenic concentrations in water (>10µg/L). Data from 34 studies on mercury showed that levels in breast milk were generally higher in populations with high fish consumption, where it may be present mainly as MeHg. Cadmium levels in breast milk were the lowest, with means <2µg/L in most of the 29 studies reviewed. Results of risk assessments indicated that the intake of arsenic, lead and mercury by infants through breastfeeding can be considered a health concern in most regions of the world. Although the potential risks to infants are mostly outweighed by the benefits of breast milk consumption, it is essential that contaminants be continuously monitored, especially in the most critical regions, and that measures be implemented by health authorities to reduce exposure of newborns and infants to these metals, and thus avoid unnecessary health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Maciel Rebelo
- Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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14
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Selective dispersive micro solid-phase extraction using oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with 1,10-phenanthroline for preconcentration of lead ions. Food Chem 2016; 209:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Zheng W, Li H, Chen W, Ji J, Jiang X. Recyclable Colorimetric Detection of Trivalent Cations in Aqueous Media Using Zwitterionic Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4140-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology & University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huan Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology & University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology & University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Ferreira SL, Lemos VA, Silva LO, Queiroz AF, Souza AS, da Silva EG, dos Santos WN, das Virgens CF. Analytical strategies of sample preparation for the determination of mercury in food matrices — A review. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Peng L, Xi Q, Wang X, Kan Y, Jiang J, Yu R. Determination of Lead(II) by a Nitrocellulose Membrane Fluorescent Biosensor Based on G-Quadruplex Conformational Changes. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.905952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Reddy SA, Reddy KJ, Reddy AV. Analytical Applications of 2,6-Diacetylpyridine-bis-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (2,6-DAPBPTSC): Determination of Cd(II) in Foods and Water Samples. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Xianyu Y, Zhu K, Chen W, Wang X, Zhao H, Sun J, Wang Z, Jiang X. Enzymatic Assay for Cu(II) with Horseradish Peroxidase and Its Application in Colorimetric Logic Gate. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7029-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401925j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Xianyu
- Key Lab for Biological Effects
of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Key Lab for Biological Effects
of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Key Lab for Biological Effects
of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Key Lab for Biological Effects
of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Lab for Biological Effects
of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Key Lab for Biological Effects
of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Matos C, Moutinho C, Balcão V, Almeida C, Ribeiro M, Marques AF, Guerra A. Total antioxidant activity and trace elements in human milk: the first 4 months of breast-feeding. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Li G, Liu Y, Wang Y. Determination of Arsenic in Hair by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Method with Iodine Green–Molybdate System. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802568614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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