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Furtado-Alle L, Tureck LV, de Oliveira CS, Hortega JVM, Souza RLR. Butyrylcholinesterase and lipid metabolism: Possible dual role in metabolic disorders. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110680. [PMID: 37634560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), an enzyme primarily found in the liver, plasma, and brain, has been recognized for its role in the hydrolysis of choline esters. Recent studies have shed light on its involvement in lipid metabolism, revealing its potential as a crucial player in maintaining lipid homeostasis. However, the interactions between external factors and BChE activity in lipid metabolic pathways remain a complex subject of study. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding BChE activity and lipid metabolism and seeks to clarify the nature of this relationship as causal or consequential. Evidence supports the role of BChE in energy homeostasis disruption, such as obesity and related metabolic disorders, where it exhibits lipolytic activity and mediates fatty acid use and storage. The unexpected functions of BChE in lipoprotein synthesis and the impact of polymorphic variants of the BCHE gene suggest a central role in lipid metabolism; however, further investigation is needed to confirm and describe these functions, especially considering the metabolic context. Furthermore, exploring therapeutic interventions in lipid metabolism disorders contributes to elucidating their implications on BChE activity, but attention to the metabolic status and genotypes as possible factors in this interaction is needed. In summary, further research in this field holds promise for improving our understanding of the complex interplay between BChE and lipid metabolism, and its potential clinical applications. However, the available data corroborate the dual role of BChE activity, both as a critical responsive element to metabolic challenges and as a predisposition factor to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane V Tureck
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina S de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - João V M Hortega
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L R Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil.
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2
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Gok M, Cicek C, Sari S, Bodur E. Novel activity of human BChE: Lipid hydrolysis. Biochimie 2023; 204:127-135. [PMID: 36126749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) typically hydrolyze the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The multifunctional enzyme BChE is associated with lipid metabolism through an undefined mechanism. Based on lipid-related studies and by comparing the structural similarities between lipases and BChE we postulated that the association of BChE with lipid metabolism could occur through hydrolytic activity. Utilizing purified BChE enzymes from different sources and several lipases as controls, the ability of BChE to hydrolyze 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-mu) palmitate is investigated. Using lectin affinity, inhibition kinetics, and molecular modeling, we demonstrated that purified BChE hydrolyzed 4-mu palmitate at pH 8 as effectively as wheat germ lipase. The affinity Km value of the enzymes for 4-mu palmitate as substrate is found as 10.4 μM, 34.2 μM, 129.8 μM, and 186 μM for wheat germ lipase, purified BChE, pancreatic lipase, and commercial BChE, respectively. Analysis of the inhibitory effect of 4-mu palmitate on BChE using butyrylthiocholine as substrate revealed competitive inhibition with Ki and IC50 values of 448 μM and 987.2 μM, respectively. The binding affinity and interactions of 4-mu palmitate with BChE and pancreatic lipase were predicted by molecular docking. These results suggest that BChE possesses lipolytic activity. The possibility that BChE hydrolyzes not only 4-mu palmitate but also other types of lipids will lead to a new approach to those disease states associated with increased BChE activity/expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslum Gok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000, Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Cicek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, 06520, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Bodur
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Awan S, Hashmi AN, Taj R, Munir S, Habib R, Batool S, Azam M, Qamar R, Nurulain SM. Genetic Association of Butyrylcholinesterase with Major Depressive Disorder. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:720-737. [PMID: 34414522 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized as clinical depression, which primarily affects the mood and behaviour of an individual. In the present study butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a co-regulatory cholinergic neurotransmitter enzyme implicated in several putative neuronal and non-neuronal physiological roles was investigated for its role in MDD. Eighty MDD patients and sixty-one healthy controls were recruited for the study. BChE activity was measured by Ellman's method using serum while DNA samples of the patients were genotyped for BCHE polymorphisms rs3495 (c.*189G > A) and rs1803274 (c.1699G > A) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System- polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). The genotyping was further validated by Sanger Sequencing. Biochemical estimation of serum BChE levels revealed a statistically significant decrease of enzyme activity in MDD patients (69.96) as compared to healthy controls (90.97), which was independent of age and gender. BCHE single nucleotide polymorphism rs1803274 genotype GA was found to be associated with the disease under a dominant model (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.09-4.96; p value = 0.025). Furthermore, risk allele-A frequency was higher in cases (p value = 0.013) than control. Carriers of rs1803274 GA genotype showed reduced mean BChE activity than wild-type allele GG homozygotes (p value = 0.040). Gender-based analysis revealed a protective role of rs3495 in females (χ2 = 6.87, p value = 0.032, RM: OR 0.173, CI = 0.043-0.699 (p value = 0.017). In addition, rs1803274 risk allele-A was observed to be significantly higher in males (χ2 = 4.258, p value = 0.039). In conclusion, the present study is indicative of a role of BChE in the pathophysiology of MDD where genetic polymorphisms were observed to effect BChE activity. Further replication studies in different ethnicities are recommended to validate the current observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sliha Awan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Aisha N Hashmi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Taj
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Munir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Habib
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan. .,Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Tarlai Kalan, Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Science and Technology Sector, ICESCO, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Syed M Nurulain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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4
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Kiani A, Kamankesh M, Vaisi-Raygani A, Moradi MR, Tanhapour M, Rahimi Z, Elahi-Rad S, Bahrehmand F, Aliyari M, Aghaz F, Mozafari H, Rezvani N, Haghnazari L, Pourmotabbed T. Activities and polymorphisms of MMP-2 and MMP-9, smoking, diabetes and risk of prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9373-9383. [PMID: 33165815 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc dependent enzymes that are involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The role of MMP-2 and -9 genetic polymorphism in different malignancies has been the subject of numerous studies. The present research has attempted to discover any positive correlation between MMP-2 and MMP-9 SNPs and prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with a history of either diabetes or smoking habits. 112 PCa-patients and 150 unrelated healthy-controls that matched for age and sex were selected for present case-control study. MMP-2 -1575G/A and MMP-9 -1562 C/T polymorphisms detected by PCR-RFLP, serum tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2), testosterone, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free-prostate-specific-antigen (fPSA), and fPSA/PSA levels were detected by ELISA and enzyme assay, respectively. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were measured by gelatin-zymography. Covariates were considered as age, status of cigarette smoking, and a possible history of diabetes mellitus (DM). The frequency of -1575 MMP-2 A/A + A/G and -1562 MMP-9 C/T + T/T genotypes were higher in PCa-patients with DM (74.3%,p = 0.003) and with smoking habits (72.5%,p = 0.005). These genotypes were associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer in smokers (3.52-folds) and in individuals with history of DM (4.34-folds). A significant positive association was found between level of TIMPs (TIMP -1 and TIMP-2) and BMI in PCa-patients and also between testosterone levels and MMP-9 activity in healthy control subjects. For the first time, this study demonstrated that activities of MMP-2 -1575G/A and MMP-9 -1562C/T variants in association with smoking and diabetes are considered significant risk factors for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marjan Kamankesh
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Moradi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Tanhapour
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Elahi-Rad
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fariborz Bahrehmand
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Aliyari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faranak Aghaz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Mozafari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nayebali Rezvani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Lida Haghnazari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN, 48163, USA.
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5
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Xing S, Li Q, Xiong B, Chen Y, Feng F, Liu W, Sun H. Structure and therapeutic uses of butyrylcholinesterase: Application in detoxification, Alzheimer's disease, and fat metabolism. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:858-901. [PMID: 33103262 DOI: 10.1002/med.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural information of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and its variants associated with several diseases are discussed here. Pure human BChE has been proved safe and effective in treating organophosphorus (OPs) poisoning and has completed Phase 1 and 2 pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety studies. The introduction of specific mutations into native BChE to endow it a self-reactivating property has gained much progress in producing effective OPs hydrolases. The hydrolysis ability of native BChE on cocaine has been confirmed but was blocked to clinical application due to poor PK properties. Several BChE mutants with elevated cocaine hydrolysis activity were published, some of which have shown safety and efficiency in treating cocaine addiction of human. The increased level of BChE in progressed Alzheimer's disease patients made it a promising target to elevate acetylcholine level and attenuate cognitive status. A variety of selective BChE inhibitors with high inhibitory activity published in recent years are reviewed here. BChE could influence the weight and insulin secretion and resistance of BChE knockout (KO) mice through hydrolyzing ghrelin. The BChE-ghrelin pathway could also regulate aggressive behaviors of BChE-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baichen Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Kiani A, Mohamadi-Nori E, Vaisi-Raygani A, Tanhapour M, Elahi-Rad S, Bahrehmand F, Rahimi Z, Pourmotabbed T. Vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D receptor genotypes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with development of aortic and mitral valve calcification and coronary artery diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5225-5236. [PMID: 31359379 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To assess the association between vitamin D-Binding Protein (VDBP rs7041T>G) and vitamin D receptor (VDR rs1544410G>A) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases in population from west of Iran. Two hundred forty-nine individuals with cardiovascular disease (92 with aortic and Mitral Valves Calcification (AMVC) and 157 with Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) that their diseases were confirmed by echocardiography and angiography and unrelated 182 healthy controls (gender and age-matched) were selected for this case-control study. The VDR 1544410G>A, and VDBP 7041T>G genotyping were detected by PCR-RFLP, serum vitamin D and lipid concentrations were measured by ELISA and enzyme assay, respectively. The VDR rs1544410G>A gene is a strong risk factor for CAD (OR = 1.28, p = 0.002) and the dominant genotype (T/G+G/G) of VDBP 7041 T>G SNP plays a protective role (OR = 0.67, p = 0.003) in AMVC development in studied population. In addition, lower level of vitamin D strongly increased the risk of CAD (15 ± 11.02 vs. 21.3 ± 18 μg/L, p = 0.043) and AMVC (12.1 ± 13.1 vs.21.3 ± 18 μg/L, p = 0.014) development in individuals carrying T/T genotype of VDBP 7041 T>G gene polymorphism. There was a strong interaction between A allele VDR rs1544410 and G allele of VDBP rs7041 genes in a protective role (OR = 0.74, p = 0.044) in AMVC patients). CAD and AMVC patients were deficient in vitamin D, i.e. their level of vitamin D was strongly lower than that in the control group. Our findings for the first time indicated that there is a strong association between vitamin D deficiency, lipid profile and the VDR rs1544410G>A and rs7T41>G VDBP genes polymorphisms. These interactions may be one of the important factors for CAD and AMVC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohamadi-Nori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave, Sorkheh Ligeh Street, PO Box 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Maryam Tanhapour
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Said Elahi-Rad
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fariborz Bahrehmand
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Martinez L, Tabbara M, Duque JC, Selman G, Falcon NS, Paez A, Griswold AJ, Ramos-Echazabal G, Hernandez DR, Velazquez OC, Salman LH, Vazquez-Padron RI. Transcriptomics of Human Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: Genes Associated With Nonmaturation. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 74:73-81. [PMID: 30826088 PMCID: PMC10980359 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Improving arteriovenous fistula (AVF) outcomes requires better understanding of the biology underlying maturation or failure. Our current knowledge of maturation relies on extrapolation from other vascular pathologies, which does not incorporate unique aspects of AVF remodeling. This study compares the RNA expression of pre-access (native) veins and AVFs with distinct maturation outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 64 patients undergoing 2-stage AVF surgeries at a single center. 19 native veins and 19 AVF samples were analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). 58 native veins were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction; 45, using immunohistochemistry; and 19, using Western blot analysis. PREDICTOR RNA expression in native veins and AVFs. OUTCOME Anatomic nonmaturation, defined as an AVF that never achieved an internal diameter ≥ 6mm. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Pre-access native veins and AVF samples were obtained from patients undergoing 2-stage AVF creation. Veins that subsequently matured or failed after access creation were analyzed using RNA-seq to search for genes associated with maturation failure. Genes associated with nonmaturation were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. In addition, the association between pre-access gene expression and postoperative morphology was evaluated. RNA-seq was also performed on AVFs to search for transcriptional differences between AVFs that matured and those that failed at the time of transposition. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory genes (CSF3R, FPR1, S100A8, S100A9, and VNN2) were upregulated in pre-access veins that failed (false discovery rate < 0.05), and their expression colocalized to smooth muscle cells. Expression of S100A8 and S100A9 correlated with postoperative intimal hyperplasia and the product of medial fibrosis and intimal hyperplasia (r=0.32-0.38; P < 0.05). AVFs that matured or failed were transcriptionally similar at the time of transposition. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, analysis of only upper-arm veins and transposed fistulas. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of proinflammatory genes in pre-access veins appears to be associated with greater risk for AVF nonmaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Marwan Tabbara
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Juan C Duque
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Guillermo Selman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Nieves Santos Falcon
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Angela Paez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Gioser Ramos-Echazabal
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Diana R Hernandez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Omaida C Velazquez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Loay H Salman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
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8
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Association between activity and genotypes of paraoxonase1 L55M (rs854560) increases the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis through oxidative stress. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:741-749. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Chen VP, Gao Y, Geng L, Stout MB, Jensen MD, Brimijoin S. Butyrylcholinesterase Deficiency Promotes Adipose Tissue Growth and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Male Mice on High-Fat Diet. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3086-95. [PMID: 27300766 PMCID: PMC4967128 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous reports of relationships between weight gain and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), this enzyme's role in the genesis of obesity remains unclear, but recent research points to strong links with ghrelin, the "hunger hormone." The availability of BChE knockout (KO) mice provides an opportunity to clarify the causal relationship between BChE and obesity onset. We now find that young KO mice have abnormally high plasma ghrelin levels that slowly decline during long-term high-fat feeding and ultimately drop below those in wild-type mice. On such a diet, the KO mice gained notably more weight, more white fat, and more hepatic fat than wild-type animals. In addition to a greater burden of hepatic triglycerides, the livers of these KO mice show distinctly higher levels of inflammatory markers. Finally, their energy expenditure proved to be lower than in wild-type mice despite similar activity levels and increased caloric intake. A gene transfer of mouse BChE with adeno-associated virus vector restored nearly all aspects of the normal phenotype. Our results indicate that BChE strongly affects fat metabolism, has an important impact on fat accumulation, and may be a promising tool for combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Ping Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, and Minnesota Nutrition and Obesity Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, and Minnesota Nutrition and Obesity Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Liyi Geng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, and Minnesota Nutrition and Obesity Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Michael B Stout
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, and Minnesota Nutrition and Obesity Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, and Minnesota Nutrition and Obesity Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Stephen Brimijoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, and Minnesota Nutrition and Obesity Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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10
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Bahrehmand F, Vaisi-Raygani A, Kiani A, Rahimi Z, Tavilani H, Ardalan M, Vaisi-Raygani H, Shakiba E, Pourmotabbed T. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with systemic inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Lupus 2014; 24:597-605. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203314559085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organs and is characterized by persistent systemic inflammation. Among the effects of inflammatory mediators, the induction of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be important in the development of SLE. In this study, the possible association between MMP-9 and MMP-2 functional promoter polymorphism, stress, and inflammatory markers with development of severe cardiovascular disease (CVD), high blood pressure (HBP), and lupus nephropathy (LN) in SLE patients was investigated. The present case-control study consisted of 109 SLE patients with and without CVD, HBP and LN and 101 gender- and age-matched unrelated healthy controls from a population in western Iran. MMP-2 –G1575A and MMP-9 –C1562T polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP, serum MMP-2 and MMP-9, neopterin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid levels were determined by ELISA, HPLC and enzyme assay, respectively. We found that MMP-9 –C1562 T and MMP-2 –G1575A alleles act synergistically to increase the risk of SLE by 2.98 times ( p = 0.015). Findings of this study also demonstrated that there is a significant increase in the serum levels of MMP-2, neopterin and MDA and a significant decrease in serum level of MMP-9 in the presence of MMP-9-C1562 T and MMP-2 –G1575A alleles in SLE patients compared to controls. Further, SLE patients with MMP-9 (C/T + T/T) genotype had significantly higher serum concentrations of MMP-2, neopterin, MDA and LDL-C, but lower serum MMP-9 and HDL-C levels than corresponding members of the control group. MMP-9 (C/T + T/T) genotype increased risk of hypertension in SLE patients 2.71-fold. This study for the first time not only suggests that MMP-9 –C1562 T and MMP-2 –G1575A alleles synergistically increase the risk of SLE but also high serum levels of MDA, neopterin, and circulatory levels of MMP-2 and lower MMP-9 in SLE patients. This information may be important in the evaluation of SLE progression and in the elucidation of the mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bahrehmand
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Kiani
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Z Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - H Tavilani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M Ardalan
- Kidney Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - E Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - T Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, USA
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Bahrehmand F, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rahimi Z, Ahmadi R, Kiani A, Tavilani H, Vaisi-Raygani H, Pourmotabbed T. Synergistic effects of BuChE non-UU phenotype and paraoxonase (PON1) 55 M allele on the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: influence on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and oxidative stress, preliminary report. Lupus 2014; 23:263-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313518622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence indicating lipid peroxidation can affect progression of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) are two major bioscavenger enzymes that are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Hyperlipidemia, increase in lipid oxidation reactions and defects in antioxidant status may lead to increased oxidative stress and high frequency of CVDs in SLE. It has also been suggested that deficiency in the function of the antioxidant system and an increase in reactive oxygen release (ROS) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study is the first investigation to examine the association of BuChE phenotypes, PON1 (L55M; PON-55-M) polymorphism, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), neopterin, lipid-lipoprotein and activities of BuChE and arylesterase activity (ARE) of PON with severity of SLE. The present case-control study consisted of 109 SLE patients and 101 gender- and age-matched, unrelated healthy control subjects from the population of west Iran. We found that the PON-55-M allele and BuChE non-UU act synergistically to increase the risk of SLE by 2.5 times (1.03–6.7, p = 0.044). There was a significant negative correlation between severity of SLE with serum BuChE activity ( R = −0.31, p < 0.001) and positive correlation with serum neopterin level. The SLE patients with the PON-55-M (M/L + M/M) allele or with BuChE non-UU phenotype had significantly lower serum ARE and BuChE activities than those with PON-55-L/L or BuChE-UU phenotypes, respectively. In addition, their serum levels of MDA, neopterin and LDL-C were significantly elevated, suggesting that these individuals are more susceptible to CVD. However, further studies are needed to shed more light on the contribution of the M allele of PON1 and non-UU phenotypes of BuChE in the development of SLE in different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bahrehmand
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center; 2Fertility and Infertility Research Center; 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry; 4Molecular Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - A Vaisi-Raygani
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center; 2Fertility and Infertility Research Center; 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry; 4Molecular Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Departments of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Z Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memefist, TN, USA
| | - R Ahmadi
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center; 2Fertility and Infertility Research Center; 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry; 4Molecular Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - A Kiani
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center; 2Fertility and Infertility Research Center; 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry; 4Molecular Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - H Tavilani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - H Vaisi-Raygani
- Departments of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - T Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memefist, TN, USA
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12
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Guimarães LO, de Andrade FA, Bono GF, Setoguchi TE, Brandão MB, Chautard-Freire-Maia EA, Dos Santos ICR, Picheth G, Faria ACRDA, Réa RR, Souza RLR, Furtado-Alle L. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) decreases butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and changes its relationship with lipids. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 37:1-6. [PMID: 24688284 PMCID: PMC3958315 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many conditions interfere with butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, e.g., pregnancy or presence of the BCHE gene variant -116A can decrease activity whereas obesity and types I and II diabetes mellitus can increase activity. In this study, we examined BChE activity, -116A and 1615A BCHE gene variants, and anthropometric and biochemical variables associated with diabetes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in healthy pregnant women. BChE activity was measured spectrophotometrically using propionylthiocholine as substrate and genotyping of the -116 and 1615 sites of the BCHE gene was done with a TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Three groups were studied: 150 patients with GDM, 295 healthy pregnant women and 156 non-pregnant healthy women. Mean BChE activity was significantly lower in healthy pregnant women than in women from the general population and was further reduced in GDM patients. BChE activity was significantly reduced in carriers of -116A in GDM patients and healthy pregnant women. Although GDM patients had a significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) and triglycerides than healthy pregnant women, they had lower mean BChE activity, suggesting that the lowering effect of GDM on BChE activity was stronger than the characteristic enhancing effect of increased BMI and triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa O Guimarães
- Paboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A de Andrade
- Paboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gleyse F Bono
- Paboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thaís E Setoguchi
- Paboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Brandão
- Paboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eleidi A Chautard-Freire-Maia
- Paboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izabella C R Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Picheth
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina R de A Faria
- Unidade de Diabetes do Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosângela R Réa
- Unidade de Diabetes do Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L R Souza
- Paboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Paboratório de Polimorfismos e Ligação, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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13
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Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Bruck T, Bennett ER, Bravman T, Aassayag EB, Waiskopf N, Rogowski O, Bornstein N, Berliner S, Soreq H. Butyrylcholinesterase interactions with amylin may protect pancreatic cells in metabolic syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:1747-56. [PMID: 20807286 PMCID: PMC4373355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms underlying the transition from MetS to T2DM are unknown. Our goal was to study the potential contribution of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to this process. We first determined the hydrolytic activity of BChE in serum from MetS, T2DM and healthy individuals. The ‘Kalow’ variant of BChE (BChE-K), which has been proposed to be a risk factor for T2DM, was genotyped in the last two groups. Our results show that in MetS patients serum BChE activity is elevated compared to T2DM patients and healthy controls (P < 0.001). The BChE-K genotype showed similar prevalence in T2DM and healthy individuals, excluding this genotype as a risk factor for T2DM. However, the activity differences remained unexplained. Previous results from our laboratory have shown BChE to attenuate the formation of β-amyloid fibrils, and protect cultured neurons from their cytotoxicity. Therefore, we next studied the in vitro interactions between recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase and amylin by surface plasmon resonance, Thioflavine T fluorescence assay and cross-linking, and used cultured pancreatic β cells to test protection by BChE from amylin cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that BChE interacts with amylin through its core domain and efficiently attenuates both amylin fibril and oligomer formation. Furthermore, application of BChE to cultured β cells protects them from amylin cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that MetS-associated BChE increases could protect pancreatic β-cells in vivo by decreasing the formation of toxic amylin oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- Department of Neurology and Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Benyamin B, Middelberg RP, Lind PA, Valle AM, Gordon S, Nyholt DR, Medland SE, Henders AK, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Visscher PM, O'Connor DT, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Whitfield JB. GWAS of butyrylcholinesterase activity identifies four novel loci, independent effects within BCHE and secondary associations with metabolic risk factors. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4504-14. [PMID: 21862451 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) activity is associated with obesity, blood pressure and biomarkers of cardiovascular and diabetes risk. We have conducted a genome-wide association scan to discover genetic variants affecting BCHE activity, and to clarify whether the associations between BCHE activity and cardiometabolic risk factors are caused by variation in BCHE or whether BCHE variation is secondary to the metabolic abnormalities. We measured serum BCHE in adolescents and adults from three cohorts of Australian twin and family studies. The genotypes from ∼2.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available in 8791 participants with BCHE measurements. We detected significant associations with BCHE activity at three independent groups of SNPs at the BCHE locus (P = 5.8 × 10(-262), 7.8 × 10(-47), 2.9 × 10(-12)) and at four other loci: RNPEP (P = 9.4 × 10(-16)), RAPH1-ABI2 (P = 4.1 × 10(-18)), UGT1A1 (P = 4.0 × 10(-8)) and an intergenic region on chromosome 8 (P = 1.4 × 10(-8)). These loci affecting BCHE activity were not associated with metabolic risk factors. On the other hand, SNPs in genes previously associated with metabolic risk had effects on BCHE activity more often than can be explained by chance. In particular, SNPs within FTO and GCKR were associated with BCHE activity, but their effects were partly mediated by body mass index and triglycerides, respectively. We conclude that variation in BCHE activity is due to multiple variants across the spectrum from uncommon/large effect to common/small effect, and partly results from (rather than causes) metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beben Benyamin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane 4006, Australia
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15
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Vaisi-Raygani A, Rahimi Z, Tavilani H, Vaisi-Raygani H, Kiani A, Aminian M, Shakiba E, Shakiba Y, Pourmotabbed T. Synergism between paraoxonase Arg 192 and the angiotensin converting enzyme D allele is associated with severity of coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2723-31. [PMID: 21681430 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene D allele is an independent risk factor for early onset coronary artery disease (CAD). Little is known about the concomitant presence of the ACE gene D allele and paraoxonase (PON1) codon 192 arginine (Arg) on the severity of CAD. Regarding the high rate of CAD among Iranians the aim of present study was to examine the hypothesis of synergistic effects between ACE-D and PON1-Arg alleles on predisposition and the severity of CAD in our population. The PON1 192 and ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP and PCR, respectively in 414 individuals undergoing their first coronary angiography. Patients were placed into one of two groups: CAD and control without CAD or diabetes. We mentioned the synergistic effects of both genes and not ACE gene alone is a risk factor for CAD. We found that PON1 Arg 192 and ACE D allele act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD (OR 1.3, P = 0.044). Our results showed a significant correlation between the possession of both PON1 192 Arg and the ACE D allele and the extent of CAD in CAD patients and CAD subjects without diabetes, represented by the increased frequency of three-vessel disease with OR 2.7, P = 0.046; χ(2) = 4, P = 0.046 and OR 2.4, P = 0.051; χ(2) = 3.8, P = 0.051, respectively. We found that PON1 Arg 192 and ACE D alleles act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD in CAD patients and CAD subjects without diabetes from west of Iran, who have high frequency of three-vessel disease. Our data suggest that PON1 192 Arg and the ACE D allele in combination with each other can be important independent risk factor for severity of CAD in patients carrying both PON1 192 Arg and the ACE D allele in a west population of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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16
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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 functional promoter polymorphism 1562C>T increased risk of early-onset coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:555-62. [PMID: 21559835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Matrix metalloproteinase-9 functional promoter polymorphism 1562C>T may be considered an important genetic determinant of early-onset coronary artery disease (ECAD). In this study, association between MMP-9 1562C>T allele with plasma MMP-9 activity, homocysteine and lipid-lipoproteins level and ECAD in Iranian subjects was investigated. This case-control study consisted of 53 ECAD patients (age < 55 years) and unrelated late-onsets CAD (age>70 years) who angiographically had at least 50% stenosis. MMP-9 1562C>T polymorphism was detected by PCRRFLP, plasma MMP-9 activity, serum lipid and homocysteine levels were determined by gelatin gel zymography, enzyme assay and by HPLC, respectively. The presence of MMP-9 1562C>T allele was found to be associated with ECAD (OR=3.2, P=0.001). The ECAD patients with MMP-9 1562C>T allele had higher MMP-9 activity (P=0.001), LDL-C (P=0.045), TC (P=0.02) and homocysteine (P=0.01) levels than the LCAD subjects. MMP-9 1562C>T allele is a risk factor for ECAD. The carriers of this allele have high levels of MMP-9 activity, LDL-C, TC and homocysteine (P=0.01), thus, are more likely to develop myocardial infarction and CAD at young age (less than 55 years).
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17
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Vaisi-Raygani A, Ghaneialvar H, Rahimi Z, Tavilani H, Pourmotabbed T, Shakiba E, Vaisi-Raygani A, Kiani A, Aminian M, Alibakhshi R, Bartels C. Paraoxonase Arg 192 allele is an independent risk factor for three-vessel stenosis of coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:5421-8. [PMID: 21465165 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of the paraoxonase (PON1) codon 192 polymorphism [glutamine (Q)/arginine (R)] in coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the PON1 gene polymorphism is an independent risk factor for severity of coronary artery disease in patients from west of Iran. The PON1-Arg-192 genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP in 414 individuals undergoing their first coronary angiography. Patients were placed into one of two groups: CAD and control without CAD or diabetes. The frequency of PON1-Arg-192 allele was significantly higher in the CAD (23.4 vs. 16%, P = 0.032) than in the control group and there was a higher risk of developing CAD (OR = 1.6, P = 0.02). In addition, this difference remained significant after adjustment for without history of diabetes (OR = 1.47, P = 0.048), presence of normolipidemia and absence of history of blood pressure (OR = 1.4, P = 0.05). This result indicated PON1-Arg-192 allele is a risk factor of CAD also when correcting for conventional risk factors. We found a significant association between the PON1-Arg-192 genotype (QR + RR) and the extent of CAD in CAD patients and CAD subjects without diabetes, represented by the increased frequency of three-vessel disease with OR = 1.49, P = 0.046; χ2 = 3.82, P = 0.048 and OR = 1.46, P = 0.05; χ2 = 3.48, P = 0.051, respectively. The CAD patients carrying PON1-Arg-192 genotype (QR + RR) had lower plasma HDL-C level (P = 0.019) and higher plasma LDL-C(P = 0.01) and TG(P = 0.05). Our results indicated that PON1-Arg-192 allele can be important independent risk factor of CAD in a west population of Iran, with carriers of PON1-Arg-192 having an increased frequency of three-vessel disease and also having a distinct plasma lipids profile. Larger collaborative studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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18
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Vaisi-Raygani A, Ghaneialvar H, Rahimi Z, Nomani H, Saidi M, Bahrehmand F, Vaisi-Raygani A, Tavilani H, Pourmotabbed T. The angiotensin converting enzyme D allele is an independent risk factor for early onset coronary artery disease. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:1189-94. [PMID: 20655894 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in early onset coronary artery disease age < 55years (ECAD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the role of this ACE(I/D) gene polymorphism on the risk of premature CAD in patients from western Iran. METHODS The ACE(I/D) genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP in 323 individuals undergoing their first coronary angiography. Patients were placed into two groups: ECAD and late onset CAD age ≥ 55years (LCAD). RESULTS We found a statistically significant association of the ACE D allele, as homozygous or ACE ID plus DD genotypes (ID+DD), only in the ECAD subjects OR=1.35, p=0.015, OR=3.27, p=0.014, and OR=2.8, p=0.013, respectively. In addition, there was a significant association after adjustment for the absence of history of diabetes, presence of normolipidemia and absence of history of blood pressure [OR 1.38, p=0.017 and 2.35, p=0.02]. Our results indicated that the ACE D allele is a risk factor for early onset of CAD even after correcting for conventional risk factors. The incidence of triple vessel disease was significantly higher in individuals carrying ACE(D/D) genotype in ECAD patients compared to those who carried ACE(I/I) genotype (OR 3.38; p=0.019; 57.5% vs. 42.5%; p=0.013). CONCLUSION The presence of D allele of ACE can be important independent risk factor in the onset of CAD patients less than 55 years old in a west population of Iran. Larger collaborative studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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19
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Vaisi-Raygani A, Rahimi Z, Tavilani H, Pourmotabbed T. Butyrylcholinesterase K variant and the APOE-epsilon 4 allele work in synergy to increase the risk of coronary artery disease especially in diabetic patients. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:2083-91. [PMID: 19685167 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that butyrylcholinesterase-K (BCHE-K, G1615A/Ala539Thr) variant increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition, we have found that the presence of APOE-epsilon 4 allele augments the risk of CAD in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM/CAD). Here we explored the concomitant presences of two alleles of the BCHE-K and APOE-epsilon 4 in increasing the risk of CAD or diabetes in T2DM patients with or without CAD and CAD patients without T2DM. This case-control study comprised 631 subjects undergoing their first coronary angiography. They were matched and randomly assigned into four groups: type II diabetic patients with no sign of CAD (T2DM), type II diabetic patients with CAD/ND (T2DM/CAD), CAD patients with no sign of diabetes (CAD/ND), and healthy individuals (NCAD/ND). BCHE-K variant and APOE genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP and serum lipid level was measured enzymatically. We found that BCHE-K and APOE-epsilon 4 allele act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD in both T2DM, non-diabetic and total CAD (TCAD = T2DM/CAD + CAD/ND) individuals. The level of synergy 1.5 and 1.2 fold are higher in CAD patients (OR = 4.5; P = 0.011) with T2DM than the non-diabetic CAD patients (OR = 3.07; P = 0.024) and TCAD patients (OR = 3.74; P = 0.018), respectively. The CAD subjects with and without T2DM and TCAD patients carrying both APOE-epsilon 4 allele and BCHE-K had significantly lower plasma HDL-C (P values = 0.008, 0.047, and 0.036, respectively) and higher plasma LDL-C (P values = 0.025, 0.048, and 0.04, respectively), than that of the control carriers both APOE-epsilon 4 and BCHE-K. We have found that BCHE-K and APOE-epsilon 4 allele not only act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD, particularly in T2DM subjects in population from western Iran, who have high levels of LDL-C and low levels of HDL-C, suggesting that a specific therapeutic intervention should be considered for these particular groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, P.O. Box 67148, Kermanshah, 69914, Iran.
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Vaisi-Raygani A, Tavilani H, Zahrai M, Rahimi Z, Sheikh N, Aminian M, Pourmotabbed T. Serum butyrylcholinesterase activity and phenotype associations with lipid profile in stroke patients. Clin Biochem 2008; 42:210-4. [PMID: 19028482 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine and other choline esters and is also involved in lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between BuChE serum phenotype and activity and lipid profile of ischemic stroke patients. METHODS We determined serum BuChE activities and phenotypes, and levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C and triacylglyerol (TG) in 33 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 12 h of the onset of the attack and 29 controls. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) serum BuChE activity and the BuChE of U/A phenotype in the stroke individuals were significantly lower and higher than that of the control (315 (+/-124) IU/L. vs. 384 (+/-99) IU/L, p=0.02, t=-2.4 and 21.2% vs.3.4%, p=0.026 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that a negative correlation between BuChE activity with TC level, in addition the frequency of BuChE phenotypes with low activity is high in stroke patients, who have high levels of cholesterol, may have increased susceptibility to stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fertility Infertility Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Eaton DL, Daroff RB, Autrup H, Bridges J, Buffler P, Costa LG, Coyle J, McKhann G, Mobley WC, Nadel L, Neubert D, Schulte-Hermann R, Spencer PS. Review of the Toxicology of Chlorpyrifos With an Emphasis on Human Exposure and Neurodevelopment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2008; 38 Suppl 2:1-125. [PMID: 18726789 DOI: 10.1080/10408440802272158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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