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Choucri J, Balbo A, Zanotto F, Grassi V, Touhami ME, Mansouri I, Monticelli C. Corrosion Behavior and Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking of Leaded and Lead-Free Brasses in Simulated Drinking Water. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:144. [PMID: 35009290 PMCID: PMC8746281 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Duplex α + β' brasses are widely used in drinking water distribution systems for tube fittings, valves, and ancillaries because they are low cost, easy to fabricate, and exhibit high mechanical strength. However, depending on application conditions and alloy composition, they may undergo dealloying and stress corrosion cracking. In this research, three different brass types, two leaded (CW617N and CW602N) alloys and one lead-free brass (CW724R), were investigated to assess their corrosion behavior and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in simulated drinking water (SDW) solutions containing different chloride concentrations, compatible with drinking water composition requirements according to Moroccan standard NM 03.7.001. The corrosion behavior was assessed by electrochemical tests such as polarization curve recording and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) monitoring, coupled to SEM-EDS surface observations. The susceptibility to SCC was investigated by slow strain rate tests (SSRT). The tests showed that corrosion was mainly under diffusion control and chlorides slightly accelerated corrosion rates. All alloys, and particularly CW617N, were affected by SCC under the testing conditions adopted and in general the SCC susceptibility increased at increasing chloride concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Choucri
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
- Laboratory of Materials Engineering and Environment, Modelling and Application, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
| | - Andrea Balbo
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
| | - Federica Zanotto
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Grassi
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
| | - Mohamed Ebn Touhami
- Laboratory of Materials Engineering and Environment, Modelling and Application, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
| | - Ilyass Mansouri
- International Institute for Water and Sanitation (IEA), National Office of Electricity and Potable Water, Rabat 10220, Morocco;
| | - Cecilia Monticelli
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
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Renner FU, Ankah GN, Bashir A, Ma D, Biedermann PU, Shrestha BR, Nellessen M, Khorashadizadeh A, Losada-Pérez P, Duarte MJ, Raabe D, Valtiner M. Star-Shaped Crystallographic Cracking of Localized Nanoporous Defects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4877-4882. [PMID: 26192203 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
On self-assembled monolayer-covered Cu-Au substrates, localized volume shrinkage at initial dealloying sites leads to cracks within the attacked regions. It is started from well-controlled surface structures to gain fundamental insights in the driving mechanisms of localized corrosion and crack formation. Both the crack density and the crack morphology are critically dependent on surface orientation, crystallography, and inhibitor molecule species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Uwe Renner
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University and Associated Lab IMEC Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Genesis Ngwa Ankah
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Asif Bashir
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Duancheng Ma
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Ulrich Biedermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Buddha Ratna Shrestha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Nellessen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anahita Khorashadizadeh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patricia Losada-Pérez
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University and Associated Lab IMEC Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maria Jazmin Duarte
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dierk Raabe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Valtiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sun S, Chen X, Badwe N, Sieradzki K. Potential-dependent dynamic fracture of nanoporous gold. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:894-898. [PMID: 26099111 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When metallic alloys are exposed to a corrosive environment, porous nanoscale morphologies spontaneously form that can adversely affect the mechanical integrity of engineered structures. This form of stress-corrosion cracking is responsible for the well-known 'season cracking' of brass and stainless steel components in nuclear power generating stations. One explanation for this is that a high-speed crack is nucleated within the porous layer, which subsequently injects into non-porous parent-phase material. We study the static and dynamic fracture properties of free-standing monolithic nanoporous gold as a function electrochemical potential using high-speed photography and digital image correlation. The experiments reveal that at electrochemical potentials typical of porosity formation these structures are capable of supporting dislocation-mediated plastic fracture at crack velocities of 200 m s(-1). Our results identify the important role of high-speed fracture in stress-corrosion cracking and are directly applicable to the behaviour of monolithic dealloyed materials at present being considered for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Sun
- Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - Xiying Chen
- Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - Nilesh Badwe
- Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - Karl Sieradzki
- Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
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Newman RC, Corderman RR, Sieradzki K. Evidence for dealloying of austenitic stainless steels in simulated stress corrosion crack environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/000705989798270261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chen X, Gerberich WW. The kinetics and micromechanics of hydrogen assisted cracking in Fe-3 pct Si single crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03350949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The selection of a structural material requires a compromise between strength and ductility. The material properties will then be set by the choice of alloy composition and microstructure during synthesis and processing, although the requirements may change during service life. Materials design strategies that allow for a recoverable tuning of the mechanical properties would thus be desirable, either in response to external control signals or in the form of a spontaneous adaptation, for instance in self-healing. We have designed a material that has a hybrid nanostructure consisting of a strong metal backbone that is interpenetrated by an electrolyte as the second component. By polarizing the internal interface via an applied electric potential, we accomplish fast and repeatable tuning of yield strength, flow stress, and ductility. The concept allows the user to select, for instance, a soft and ductile state for processing and a high-strength state for service as a structural material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Jin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, P.R. China.
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Mukherji D, Pigozzi G, Schmitz F, Näth O, Rösler J, Kostorz G. Nano-structured materials produced from simple metallic alloys by phase separation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 16:2176-2187. [PMID: 20817992 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method which is able to produce different types of nano-structured materials, namely nano-particles, nano-structured surfaces and nano-porous membranes, from two-phase metallic alloys is reviewed. The new process first establishes nano-structures in the bulk alloy and then separates them by selective phase dissolution. Variation in processing makes it possible to produce different types of nano-structure even from the same alloy. The process can be applied to many different alloy systems. An overview is presented emphasizing the versatility of the process with examples of different nano-structure types that can be produced. Further, the new method is discussed in relation to similar processes (specifically, electrochemical processes) which have been used for nano-structure synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mukherji
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Applied Physics, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Chu W, Gu B, Gao K, Huang Y, Xiao J. Corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion resulting in initiation of stress corrosion cracking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02916598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gafarov AA, Gocharov AA, Grintsov AS, Kushnarenko VM. Methods of checking corrosion of pipes and equipment. CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02396051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Devasenapathi A, Prasad R, Raja V. Change in fracture mode and selective dissolution of austenitic stainless steels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-716x(95)00148-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Galvele JR. Electrochemical Aspects of Stress Corrosion Cracking. MODERN ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1724-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Ricker R, Fink J, Harris J, Shapiro A. Evidence for film-induced cleavage in rhodium plated nickel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-716x(92)90223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen J, Salmeron M, Devine T. Intergranular vs transgranular stress corrosion cracking of Cu 30-Au. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-716x(92)90430-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kelly RG, Frost AJ, Shahrabi T, Newman RC. Brittle fracture of an Au/Ag alloy induced by a surface film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02656821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lynch S. Metallographic contributions to understanding mechanisms of environmentally assisted cracking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(89)90016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sieradzki K, Corderman RR, Shukla K, Newman RC. Computer simulations of corrosion: Selective dissolution of binary alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/01418618908209817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fong C, Tromans D. Stage I corrosion fatigue crack crystallography in austenitic stainless steel (316L). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02645811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lynch S. Environmentally assisted cracking: Overview of evidence for an adsorption-induced localised-slip process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(88)90113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kaufman M, Fink J. Evidence for localized ductile fracture in the “brittle” transgranular stress corrosion cracking of ductile F.C.C. alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(88)90322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Transgranular stress-corrosion cracking of disordered Cu-25Au in aqueous chloride and sulfate media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02652537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fritz J, Parks B, Pickering H. Stress corrosion cracking of Cu18%Au in 1N Na2SO4 - 0.01N H2SO4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0036-9748(88)80104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dickson J, Groulx D, Shiqiong L, Tromans D. The fractography of stress corrosion cracking of 310 stainless steel: Crystallographic aspects and the influence of the stress intensity factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0025-5416(87)90330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Anderson P, Rice J. Dislocation emission from cracks in crystals or along crystal interfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0036-9748(86)90377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cassagne TB, Flanagan WF, Lichter BD. On the failure mechanism of chemically embrittled Cu3Au single crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02643991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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