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Hosseini A, Dolati S, Hashemi V, Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh M, Yousefi M. Regulatory T and T helper 17 cells: Their roles in preeclampsia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6561-6573. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student's Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student's Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Vida Hashemi
- Department of Basic ScienceFaculty of MedicineMaragheh University of Medical SciencesMaraghehIran
| | - Meghdad Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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The Distribution of Activation Markers and Selectins on Peripheral T Lymphocytes in Preeclampsia. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8045161. [PMID: 28555090 PMCID: PMC5438859 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8045161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impaired maternal immune tolerance resulting in systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Phenotypical changes of monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes have already been studied in preeclampsia, and some studies also included T lymphocyte activation markers; however, the results are controversial and a comprehensive analysis of activation markers is lacking. The characteristics of cellular adhesion molecules in preeclampsia are yet to be described. Material and Methods Peripheral blood samples of 18 preeclamptic patients and 20 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester were evaluated using flow cytometry to characterize the cell surface expression of T lymphocyte activation markers and selectins. Results We found an elevated ratio of HLA-DR and CD122-, CD62E-, and CD62L-expressing cells among the CD4+ T lymphocytes in PE in comparison to healthy pregnancy. No alterations were found in the prevalence of CD69-, CD25-, and CD62P-expressing lymphocytes and CD11c-expressing monocytes. Conclusions Our findings support the role of activated T lymphocytes and specific cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Sava F, Toldi G, Treszl A, Hajdú J, Harmath Á, Rigó J, Tulassay T, Vásárhelyi B. Immune cell subsets, cytokine and cortisol levels during the first week of life in neonates born to pre-eclamptic mothers. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Sava
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Gergely Toldi
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - András Treszl
- First Department of Pediatrics; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Júlia Hajdú
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Ágnes Harmath
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - János Rigó
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Tivadar Tulassay
- First Department of Pediatrics; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
- MTA-SE Research Group of Pediatrics and Nephrology; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Barna Vásárhelyi
- MTA-SE Research Group of Pediatrics and Nephrology; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
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Ebina Y, Shimada S, Deguchi M, Maesawa Y, Iijima N, Yamada H. Divergence of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells in the decidua from miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 76:199-204. [PMID: 27461940 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate phenotypic differences of helper T (Th), cytotoxic T (Tc), and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the deciduae of missed miscarriage with a normal chromosome karyotype of a fetus (MN) and missed miscarriage with an abnormal chromosome karyotype of a fetus (MA). METHODS OF STUDY The decidua of 19 MN and 28 MA was obtained. Additionally, the decidua of 15 induced abortion (IA) and the endometrium of 19 non-pregnant women (EM) were obtained. IFN-γ(+) , IL-17(+) , CD25(high) Foxp3(+) cells in CD4(+) (Th) cells, and IFN-γ(+) cells in CD8(+) (Tc) cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentages of IFN-γ(+) Tc and CD4(+) CD25(high) Foxp3(+) (Treg) cells in MN were significantly increased as compared with MA and IA. The percentage of IFN-γ(+) Th in MN was increased as compared with IA. CONCLUSION Activation of IFN-γ(+) Tc and Treg cells in the decidua might be associated with the pathophysiology underlying MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Ebina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Deguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoko Maesawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Norifumi Iijima
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Hideto Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Rahimzadeh M, Norouzian M, Arabpour F, Naderi N. Regulatory T-cells and preeclampsia: an overview of literature. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 12:209-27. [PMID: 26580672 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are key players in successful pregnancy and their deficiencies are implicated in pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia (PE), but the results are inconsistent among studies. This study aims to compile an overview of the studies about the associations of Tregs and PE risk and to provide recommendations for future research. A sensitive search of three databases including PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar (from 1995 to January 9, 2015) identified 636 unique titles. An accurate process of study selection, data extraction and method qualification were independently conducted by authors on retrieved papers. Seventeen papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in quality assessment. Regarding the source of Tregs, 14 studies assessed Tregs in peripheral blood, 2 studies in peripheral blood and decidua and one study in peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood. Despite variation in the combinations of markers and other aspects of the studies designs, remarkable constancy in the results of studies that measured Tregs as CD4+FoxP3+ or CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells (but not CD4+CD25(high/low)FoxP3+ markers) was found, which in broad terms showed a shift towards fewer Treg cells in PE. This review revealed an association between lower percentage of circulating CD4+FoxP3+ or CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs and the risk of PE. Given the above issue and regarding the high consistency of studies on reduction of suppressive activity of Tregs in PE, we have proposed a model in which the Tregs deficiency is a reflection of immune endocrine imbalance, which reverses maternal tolerance and results in development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rahimzadeh
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas, Iran.,c Molecular Medicine Research Center , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas , Iran
| | - Marzieh Norouzian
- b Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Arabpour
- b Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas , Iran
| | - Nadereh Naderi
- b Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas , Iran.,c Molecular Medicine Research Center , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas , Iran
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Cornelius DC, Castillo J, Porter J, Amaral LM, Campbell N, Paige A, Thomas AJ, Harmon A, Cunningham MW, Wallace K, Herse F, Wallukat G, Dechend R, LaMarca B. Blockade of CD40 ligand for intercellular communication reduces hypertension, placental oxidative stress, and AT1-AA in response to adoptive transfer of CD4+ T lymphocytes from RUPP rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1243-50. [PMID: 26310940 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00273.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with altered immune activation during pregnancy. We have previously shown that adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells from the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of PE increases blood pressure, oxidative stress (ROS), and inflammation in normal pregnant recipient rats. The objective of this study was to determine if blockade of communication via the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction between placental ischemia-induced CD4(+) T cells with endogenous normal pregnant (NP) cells would improve pathophysiology that was previously observed in NP recipient rats of RUPP CD4(+) T cells. Splenic CD4(+) T lymphocytes were magnetically separated, incubated with 2.5 μg/ml anti-CD40 ligand (αCD40L) overnight, and transferred into NP rats on day 12 of gestation (NP+RUPP CD4(+) T+anti-CD40L). On day 19 of gestation, blood pressure (MAP), blood, and tissues were collected. MAP was 99 ± 2 in NP (n = 13), 116 ± 4 in NP+RUPP CD4(+) T cells (n = 7; P < 0.01); MAP only increased to 104 ± 2 in NP+RUPP CD4(+) T cells+CD40L (n = 24) (P < 0.05 vs. NP+RUPP CD4(+) T cells). Mechanisms of hypertension in response to RUPP CD4(+) T cells include endothelin-1 (ET-1), ROS, and angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA) were analyzed. Inhibition of CD40L binding reduced placental ET-1 to 2.3-fold above NP rats and normalized placental ROS from 318.6 ± 89 in NP+RUPP CD4(+) T cells (P < 0.05) to 118.7 ± 24 in NP+RUPP CD4(+) T+anti-CD40L (P < 0.05). AT1-AA was also normalized with inhibition of CD40L. These data suggest that placental ischemia-induced T-cell communication via the CD40L is one important mechanism leading to much of the pathophysiology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Javier Castillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Justin Porter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adrienne Paige
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alexia J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashlyn Harmon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kedra Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Florian Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Gerd Wallukat
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; and HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi;
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Rayman MP, Bath SC, Westaway J, Williams P, Mao J, Vanderlelie JJ, Perkins AV, Redman CWG. Selenium status in U.K. pregnant women and its relationship with hypertensive conditions of pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:249-58. [PMID: 25571960 PMCID: PMC4302388 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451400364x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake/status of the trace mineral Se may affect the risk of developing hypertensive conditions of pregnancy, i.e. pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PE/PIH). In the present study, we evaluated Se status in U.K. pregnant women to establish whether pre-pregnant Se status or Se supplementation affected the risk of developing PE/PIH. The samples originated from the SPRINT (Selenium in PRegnancy INTervention) study that randomised 230 U.K. primiparous women to treatment with Se (60 μg/d) or placebo from 12 weeks of gestation. Whole-blood Se concentration was measured at 12 and 35 weeks, toenail Se concentration at 16 weeks, plasma selenoprotein P (SEPP1) concentration at 35 weeks and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activity at 12, 20 and 35 weeks. Demographic data were collected at baseline. Participants completed a FFQ. U.K. pregnant women had whole-blood Se concentration lower than the mid-range of other populations, toenail Se concentration considerably lower than U.S. women, GPx3 activity considerably lower than U.S. and Australian pregnant women, and low baseline SEPP1 concentration (median 3.00, range 0.90-5.80 mg/l). Maternal age, education and social class were positively associated with Se status. After adjustment, whole-blood Se concentration was higher in women consuming Brazil nuts (P= 0.040) and in those consuming more than two seafood portions per week (P= 0.054). A stepwise logistic regression model revealed that among the Se-related risk factors, only toenail Se (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17, 0.87, P= 0.021) significantly affected the OR for PE/PIH. On excluding non-compliers with Se treatment, Se supplementation also significantly reduced the OR for PE/PIH (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.09, 1.00, P= 0.049). In conclusion, U.K. women have low Se status that increases their risk of developing PE/PIH. Therefore, U.K. women of childbearing age need to improve their Se status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P. Rayman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sarah C. Bath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jacob Westaway
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, QLD4222, Australia
| | - Peter Williams
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jinyuan Mao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jessica J. Vanderlelie
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, QLD4222, Australia
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, QLD4222, Australia
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Govender N, Naicker T, Moodley J. Maternal imbalance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in HIV-infected women with pre-eclampsia. Cardiovasc J Afr 2014; 24:174-9. [PMID: 24217170 PMCID: PMC3748445 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2013-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Angiogenic imbalance contributes to the development of preeclampsia. We evaluated the protein expression of the proangiogenic placental growth factor (PlGF) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) compared with the anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor (sFlt1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) in HIV-infected normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Blood was obtained from 110 pregnant women, enrolled in four groups, namely, HIV-negative normotensives (27); HIV-positive normotensives (31); HIV-negative pre-eclamptics (27) and HIV-positive pre-eclamptics (25), and was used to measure PlGF, TGF-β1, sFlt1 and sEng levels. Increased sFlt1 and sEng levels were associated with the pre-eclamptics (HIV negative and positive) compared with their counterparts. Decreased PlGF levels were observed between the HIV-negative pre-eclamptics versus HIV-negative normotensives, but levels differed significantly (p = 0.02) among the normotensives (HIV negative and positive). TGF-β1 remained unchanged across all groups. Higher sEng/TGF-β1 ratios were associated with the pre-eclamptics (HIV negative and positive) compared with their counterparts. This study demonstrated increased sFlt1 and sEng levels in pre-eclamptic compared with normotensive pregnancies, irrespective of the HIV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Govender
- Optics and Imaging Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Jiang TT, Chaturvedi V, Ertelt JM, Kinder JM, Clark DR, Valent AM, Xin L, Way SS. Regulatory T cells: new keys for further unlocking the enigma of fetal tolerance and pregnancy complications. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4949-56. [PMID: 24837152 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunological alterations required for successful pregnancy in eutherian placental mammals have remained a scientific enigma since the discovery of MHC haplotype diversity and unique immune signatures among individuals. Within the past 10 years, accumulating data suggest that immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) confer essential protective benefits in sustaining tolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus during pregnancy, along with their more established roles in maintaining tolerance to self and "extended self" commensal Ags that averts autoimmunity. Reciprocally, many human pregnancy complications stemming from inadequacies in fetal tolerance have been associated with defects in maternal Tregs. Thus, further elucidating the immunological shifts during pregnancy not only have direct translational implications for improving perinatal health, they have enormous potential for unveiling new clues about how Tregs work in other biological contexts. In this article, epidemiological data in human pregnancy and complementary animal studies implicating a pivotal protective role for maternal Tregs are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony T Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Vandana Chaturvedi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - James M Ertelt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Jeremy M Kinder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Dayna R Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Amy M Valent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Lijun Xin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
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Zeng B, Kwak-Kim J, Liu Y, Liao AH. Treg Cells Are Negatively Correlated with Increased Memory B Cells in Pre-eclampsia While Maintaining Suppressive Function on Autologous B-Cell Proliferation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 70:454-63. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Family Planning Research Institute; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin; University of Medicine and Science; Vernon Hills IL USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin; University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Family Planning Research Institute; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Family Planning Research Institute; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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11
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Groen B, Links TP, Lefrandt JD, van den Berg PP, de Vos P, Faas MM. Aberrant Pregnancy Adaptations in the Peripheral Immune Response in Type 1 Diabetes: A Rat Model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65490. [PMID: 23805184 PMCID: PMC3689741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite tight glycemic control, pregnancy complication rate in type 1 diabetes patients is higher than in normal pregnancy. Other etiological factors may be responsible for the development of adverse pregnancy outcome. Acceptance of the semi-allogeneic fetus is accompanied by adaptations in the maternal immune-response. Maladaptations of the immune-response has been shown to contribute to pregnancy complications. We hypothesized that type 1 diabetes, as an autoimmune disease, may be associated with maladaptations of the immune-response to pregnancy, possibly resulting in pregnancy complications. Methods We studied pregnancy outcome and pregnancy-induced immunological adaptations in a normoglycemic rat-model of type 1 diabetes, i.e. biobreeding diabetes-prone rats (BBDP; 5 non-pregnant rats, 7 pregnant day 10 rats and 6 pregnant day 18 rats) , versus non-diabetic control rats (i.e. congenic non-diabetic biobreeding diabetes-resistant (BBDR; 6 non-pregnant rats, 6 pregnant day 10 rats and 6 pregnant day 18 rats) and Wistar-rats (6 non-pregnant, 6 pregnant day 10 rats and 5 pregnant day 18 rats)). Results We observed reduced litter size, lower fetal weight of viable fetuses and increased numbers of resorptions versus control rats. These complications are accompanied by various differences in the immune-response between BBDP and control rats in both pregnant and non-pregnant animals. The immune-response in non-pregnant BBDP-rats was characterized by decreased percentages of lymphocytes, increased percentages of effector T-cells, regulatory T-cells and natural killer cells, an increased Th1/Th2-ratio and activated monocytes versus Wistar and BBDR-rats. Furthermore, pregnancy-induced adaptations in BBDP-rats coincided with an increased Th1/Th2-ratio, a decreased mean fluorescence intensity CD161a/NKR-P1b ratio and no further activation of monocytes versus non-diabetic control rats. Conclusion This study suggests that even in the face of strict normoglycemia, pregnancy complications still occur in type 1 diabetic pregnancies. This adverse pregnancy outcome may be related to the aberrant immunological adaptations to pregnancy in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Groen
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thera P. Links
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop D. Lefrandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. van den Berg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Mauro C, Marelli-Berg FM. T cell immunity and cardiovascular metabolic disorders: does metabolism fuel inflammation? Front Immunol 2012; 3:173. [PMID: 22740839 PMCID: PMC3382738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Mauro
- Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
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James JL, Whitley GS, Cartwright JE. Pre-eclampsia: fitting together the placental, immune and cardiovascular pieces. J Pathol 2010; 221:363-78. [PMID: 20593492 DOI: 10.1002/path.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The success of pregnancy is a result of countless ongoing interactions between the placenta and the maternal immune and cardiovascular systems. Pre-eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that arises from multiple potential aberrations in these systems. The pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia is established in the first trimester of pregnancy, when a range of deficiencies in placentation affect the key process of spiral artery remodelling. As pregnancy progresses to the third trimester, inadequate spiral artery remodelling along with multiple haemodynamic, placental and maternal factors converge to activate the maternal immune and cardiovascular systems, events which may in part result from increased shedding of placental debris. As we understand more about the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia, it is becoming clear that the development of early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia, as well as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), does not necessarily arise from the same underlying pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L James
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK.
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Bohács A, Pállinger É, Tamási L, Rigó J, Komlósi Z, Müller V, Dong Y, Magyar P, Falus A, Losonczy G. Surface markers of lymphocyte activation in pregnant asthmatics. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:63-70. [PMID: 19714295 PMCID: PMC2803259 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Pregnancy-associated immunologic alterations may improve the course of asthma. Severe maternal asthma with an exacerbation impairs fetal growth. METHOD OF STUDY Lymphocyte activation was estimated by flow cytometry analysis of surface markers in non-pregnant healthy and mild or moderate persistent asthmatic women and healthy as well as mild or moderate persistent asthmatic, third trimester pregnant women. RESULTS Compared with non-pregnant healthy subjects (n = 12) activated pools within CD4 and CD8 T cells were larger and the number of NK T cells were increased both in non-pregnant asthmatic (n = 12) and in healthy pregnant (n = 13) subjects (all p\0.05). No further lymphocyte activation was observed in pregnant asthmatics (n = 21) compared either with non-pregnant asthmatic, or pregnant healthy women. Average birth weight of newborns was lower (p\0.05) in the asthmatic than in the healthy pregnant group. CONCLUSION Pregnancy is a state of wide-spread lymphocyte activation but it may blunt lymphocyte activation which characterizes bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Bohács
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Diós árok u. 1/c, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics and Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Tamási
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Diós árok u. 1/c, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Rigó
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Komlósi
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Diós árok u. 1/c, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Diós árok u. 1/c, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yang Dong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pál Magyar
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Diós árok u. 1/c, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics and Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Inflammation Biology and Immunogenomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Losonczy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Diós árok u. 1/c, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
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Harrison DG, Vinh A, Lob H, Madhur MS. Role of the adaptive immune system in hypertension. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010; 10:203-7. [PMID: 20167535 PMCID: PMC2843787 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to hypertension. Inflammatory cells, including macrophages and T cells accumulate in the vessel wall, particularly in the perivascular fat, and in the kidney of hypertensive animals. Mice lacking lymphocytes are resistant to the development of hypertension, and adoptive transfer of T cells restores hypertensive responses to angiotensin II and DOCA-salt challenge. Immune modulating agents have variable, but often-beneficial effects in ameliorating end-organ damage and blood pressure elevation in experimental hypertension. The mechanisms by which hypertension stimulates an immune response remain unclear, but might involve the formation of neoantigens that activate adaptive immunity. Identification of these neoantigens and understanding how they form might prove useful in the prevention and treatment of this widespread and devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30345, USA.
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Naidoo K, Pupuma BSX, Moodley J. Immune evaluation of HIV-infected and noninfected pre-eclamptics. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2010.10873960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Prins JR, Boelens HM, Heimweg J, Van der Heide S, Dubois AE, Van Oosterhout AJ, Erwich JJHM. Preeclampsia is associated with lower percentages of regulatory T cells in maternal blood. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 28:300-11. [PMID: 19412837 DOI: 10.1080/10641950802601237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunological mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. During pregnancy there is an increase in regulatory T (Treg) cells, which has an important role in regulating tolerance to the immunologically distinct fetus. We hypothesised that percentages of Treg cells are decreased in preeclamptic patients. METHODS Peripheral blood was obtained from 26 healthy pregnant controls and 18 preeclamptic patients. Treg cells were measured using flow-cytometry. RESULTS Women with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia had significantly lower percentages of CD4(+)FOXP3(+) Treg cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that a deficiency of regulatory T cells may play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer R Prins
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Groningen, Netherlands
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18
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Liao AH, Liu LP, Ding WP, Zhang L. Functional changes of human peripheral B-lymphocytes in pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 61:313-21. [PMID: 19341382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The aim of our study was to investigate the functional changes of human peripheral B-lymphocytes in healthy and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. METHOD OF STUDY Twenty patients with pre-eclampsia and 15 healthy third-trimester pregnant women were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and directly stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled anti-CD27 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and phycoerythrin (PE)-labeled anti-CD38 mAb. The percentages of the individual B-cell subsets were estimated out of total lymphocytes by flow cytometric analysis. Additionally, the enriched PBMCs were cultured with or without the stimulation of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) for 5 days. Then morphologic observation of plasma cells was analysed by Wright-Giemsa stain, and antibody-producing cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. RESULTS The percentage of CD27(-)CD38(-) naïve B-cells and CD27(-)CD38(+) plasma cells did not differ between study groups (P > 0.05). The percentage of CD27(+)CD38(-) memory B-cells and CD27(+)CD38(+) plasma cell precursors increased in pre-eclamptic women compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Irrespective of whether the PBMCs were stimulated with or w/o PWM in vitro, the mean percentages of generated plasma cells were significantly higher in pre-eclamptic group than in the controls (P < 0.05). There were more antibody-producing cells in pre-eclamptic women following the activation of PWM than those in the controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings implicate that the functional changes of human circulating B-cells might contribute to the etiology of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Liao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Carbone J, Gallego A, Lanio N, Navarro J, Orera M, Aguaron A, Fernandez-Cruz E, Sarmiento E. Quantitative abnormalities of peripheral blood distinct T, B, and natural killer cell subsets and clinical findings in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1217-25. [PMID: 19332638 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have assessed immunophenotypic abnormalities on lymphocyte subsets in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We performed an extended immunological study to define alterations of distinct T, B, and natural killer (NK) cell subsets in obstetric patients with APS and their relationship with APS-associated complications. METHODS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS 36 women with APS [Sydney criteria, Group A1 without thrombosis (n=26), Group A2 with thrombosis (n=10)]; and 36 age matched women with recurrent abortion without antiphospholipid antibodies (disease controls; Group B), 36 healthy parous women (healthy controls; Group C), and 36 healthy nonparous women (healthy controls; Group D). Thrombotic events occurred after history of abortions in all A2 women. Three-color whole-blood flow cytometry was used to characterize the distinct immunophenotypes. RESULTS A1 patients had significantly higher percentages of CD4+CD45RA-CCR7+ central memory cells (A1 vs D), higher percentages of activated CD4+CD25+ T cells (A1 vs D), and lower percentages and absolute counts of CD4+CD45RA-CCR7- effector memory cells (A1 vs D). Group A2 patients had higher percentages and absolute numbers of CD19+CD27-IgD+ naive B cells (A2 vs A1 vs all controls), lower percentages and absolute numbers of CD3-CD56+CD16+ NK cells (A2 vs all controls), and higher percentages of activated CD4+DR+ (A2 vs all controls), CD8+DR+ (A2 vs A1 vs C vs D), CD4+CD38+DR+ (A2 vs D), and CD4+CD25+DR+ T cells (A2 vs all controls). Increased percentages of CD8+DR+ T cells [relative risk (RR) 2.43, 95% CI 1.09-5.44, p=0.02] and of naive B cells (RR 3.05, 95% CI 1.30-7.11, p=0.009) were associated with development of thrombosis. CONCLUSION In obstetric patients with APS we documented significant changes in T, B, and NK cell homeostasis. Increased levels of CD8+DR+ and CD19+CD27-IgD+ cells might identify obstetric patients with APS at risk of having thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carbone
- Reproductive Immunology Group, Immunology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
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Guerin LR, Prins JR, Robertson SA. Regulatory T-cells and immune tolerance in pregnancy: a new target for infertility treatment? Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15:517-35. [PMID: 19279047 PMCID: PMC2725755 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptation of the maternal immune response to accommodate the semi-allogeneic fetus is necessary for pregnancy success, and disturbances in maternal tolerance are implicated in infertility and reproductive pathologies. T regulatory (Treg) cells are a recently discovered subset of T-lymphocytes with potent suppressive activity and pivotal roles in curtailing destructive immune responses and preventing autoimmune disease. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken of the published literature on Treg cells in the ovary, testes, uterus and gestational tissues in pregnancy, and their link with infertility, miscarriage and pathologies of pregnancy. An overview of current knowledge on the generation, activation and modes of action of Treg cells in controlling immune responses is provided, and strategies for manipulating regulatory T-cells for potential applications in reproductive medicine are discussed. RESULTS Studies in mouse models show that Treg cells are essential for maternal tolerance of the conceptus, and that expansion of the Treg cell pool through antigen-specific and antigen non-specific pathways allows their suppressive actions to be exerted in the critical peri-implantation phase of pregnancy. In women, Treg cells accumulate in the decidua and are elevated in maternal blood from early in the first trimester. Inadequate numbers of Treg cells or their functional deficiency are linked with infertility, miscarriage and pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSIONS The potency and wide-ranging involvement of Treg cells in immune homeostasis and disease pathology indicates the considerable potential of these cells as therapeutic agents, raising the prospect of their utility in novel treatments for reproductive pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh R Guerin
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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22
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von Rango U. Fetal tolerance in human pregnancy—A crucial balance between acceptance and limitation of trophoblast invasion. Immunol Lett 2008; 115:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Valente RC, Capella LS, Nascimento CR, Braga F, Echevarria-Lima J, Lopes AG, Capella MAM. ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) but not ABCC1 (MRP1) is downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch 2007; 456:359-68. [PMID: 18057958 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Revised: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the kidney is a major target in hypertension, several studies have correlated important immune alterations with the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), like increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory infiltration in kidneys and thymic atrophy. Because adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1; P-glycoprotein) and adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette sub-family C member 1 (ABCC1; multidrug resistance protein 1), two proteins first described in multidrug resistant tumors, physiologically transport several immune mediators and are required for the adequate functioning of the immune system, we aimed to measure the expression and activity of these proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), thymocytes, and also kidneys of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats and SHR. Our results showed that ABCB1, but not ABCC1, activity was diminished (nearly 50%) in PBMC. Moreover, Abcb1b gene was downregulated in PBMC and kidney of SHR and this was not counterbalanced by an upregulation of its homolog Abcb1a, suggesting that the diminished activity is due to downregulation of the gene. No alteration was detected in ABCB1 activity in SHR thymocytes, indicating that this downregulation occurs after lymphocytes leave the primary lymphoid organs. Even though it is not known at present which parameter(s) is(are) responsible for this downregulation, it may contribute for the altered immune response observed in hypertension and to possible altered drug disposition in hypertensive individuals, resulting in greater drug interaction and increased drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael C Valente
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Alves C, Veiga S, Toralles MBP, Lopes ACV. O papel do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade na fisiologia da gravidez e na patogênese de complicações obstétricas. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-38292007000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a estrutura e função dos Antígenos Leucocitários Humanos (HLA), seus métodos de detecção, nomenclatura e os mecanismos imunopatológicos que o associam com a fisiologia da gestação e morbidades obstétricas. Sabe-se que o equilíbrio imunológico entre mãe e concepto é imprescindível na manutenção da gravidez. Moléculas do HLA - notadamente o HLA-G expresso na interface materno-fetal - exercem função importante na tolerância imunológica materna, evitando rejeição fetal e algumas complicações obstétricas. Além disso, o HLA permeia diversas etapas do desenvolvimento conceptual como clivagem, formação do trofoblasto e implantação. Para revisão, foram pesquisados os bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, utilizando os descritores: "HLA antigens"; "pregnancy"; "embryonic development"; "pregnancy complication"; "abortion, habitual"; "pre-eclampsia". O conhecimento sobre a influência do HLA na gravidez é necessário para melhor manejo da gestação e patologias obstétricas auto-imunes, favorecendo intervenções precoces e terapêutica específica, reduzindo a morbimortalidade materna e perinatal.
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Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Saito S, Rolinski J, Tabarkiewicz J, Kolarz B, Leszczynska-Gorzelak B, Oleszczuk J. Activated T Lymphocytes in Pre-Eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:39-45. [PMID: 17565546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The aim of our study was to investigate the activation markets of T CD3(+), T helper CD4(+) and T cytotoxic CD8(+) cells, as well as, the populations of T naïve CD4(+) CD45RA(+), T memory CD4(+) CD45RO(+) and T regulatory lymphocytes in PE and healthy pregnant women. METHOD OF STUDY Twenty-five patients with PE and thirty healthy third trimester pregnant women were included in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood, stained with monoclonal antibodies and estimated using the flow cytometric method. RESULTS The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+), CD4(+)CD25(dim), CD3(+)HLA-DR(+), CD4(+)HLA-DR(+) and CD8(+)HLA-DR(+) cells did not differ between study groups. The population of T regulatory CD4(+)CD25(bright) lymphocytes was significantly lower in the group of patients with PE when compared with the controls (P < 0.01). The percentages of CD3(+)CD25(+) (P < 0.05), CD8(+)CD25(+) (P < 0.05), CD4(+)45RO(+) (P < 0.01) lymphocytes were significantly higher, while CD4(+)CD45RA(+) (P < 0.01) cells--significantly lower in peripheral blood of patients with PE when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The increased levels of T CD4(+)45RO(+) and T CD8(+) CD25(+) cells can suggest the activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in pre-eclampsia. It seems possible that the activation of T lymphocytes is associated with the deficiency of T regulatory cells in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Darmochwal-Kolarz
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Skubiszewski Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Kunnen A, Blaauw J, van Doormaal JJ, van Pampus MG, van der Schans CP, Aarnoudse JG, van Winkelhoff AJ, Abbas F. Women with a recent history of early-onset pre-eclampsia have a worse periodontal condition. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:202-7. [PMID: 17309594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2006.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pre-eclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by systemic vascular dysfunction and pathological changes in placental arteries. Growing evidence of chronic infection as an aetiological factor in vascular diseases prompted us to study maternal periodontal disease in subjects with early-onset pre-eclampsia (<34 weeks). METHODS A case-control study was carried out on 17 early-onset pre-eclamptic women and 35 controls with uncomplicated pregnancies in a period of 3-28 months postpartum. All were Caucasians. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were performed to determine the periodontal condition. Subgingival-plaque samples were analysed by anaerobic culture techniques for the presence of seven bacterial periodontal pathogens. Potential confounders as age, smoking, educational level and body mass index were determined. RESULTS Severe periodontal disease was found in 82% of the pre-eclamptic and in 37% of the control group (p=0.009). After adjusting for age, smoking and educational level, the odds ratio was 7.9 (95% CI: 1.9-32.8). The periodontopathic microorganism Micromonas micros was more prevalent in the case group (p=0.040) while Campylobacter rectus was more prevalent in the control group (p=0.047). CONCLUSION These results indicate that Caucasian women with a recent history of early-onset pre-eclampsia have a worse periodontal condition, as compared with women with uncomplicated deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kunnen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Oral Health, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Paeschke S, Chen F, Horn N, Fotopoulou C, Zambon-Bertoja A, Sollwedel A, Zenclussen ML, Casalis PA, Dudenhausen JW, Volk HD, Zenclussen AC. Pre-eclampsia is not associated with changes in the levels of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood. Am J Reprod Immunol 2006; 54:384-9. [PMID: 16305664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2005.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The acceptance of the semi-allogeneic fetus within the maternal environment requires tolerance mechanisms not fully characterized yet. Normal pregnancy is known to be associated with a Th2 profile. Furthermore, regulatory T cells (Tregs) were proposed to regulate the Th2/Th1 balance at early stages of pregnancy. Treg may avoid the shift to a Th1 profile, thus preventing miscarriage. Accordingly, spontaneous abortion is characterized by a Th1 dominance and diminished levels of Treg. The major aim of the present work was to investigate if pre-eclampsia, a late immunological complication of pregnancy, is characterized by similar hallmarks. METHOD OF STUDY We measured the surface antigens CD4, CD25, CD8 and CTLA4 in peripheral blood from patients suffering from pre-eclampsia (n = 8) and age-matched patients undergoing normal pregnancies (n = 9) by four-color flow cytometry. RESULTS We were not able to find any significant differences in the levels of CD4(+), CD25(+), CD8(+), CTLA4, CD4(+)/CD25(+), CD4(+)/CD25(bright), CD4(+)/CTLA4, CD25(+)/CTLA4, CD4(+)/CD25(+)/CTLA4, CD8(+)/CD25(+), CD8(+)/CTLA4 or CD8(+)/CD25(+)/CTLA4 cell subsets. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm comparable number of Tregs during pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancy in peripheral blood. Other regulatory mechanisms might be involved during late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Paeschke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Medical University of Berlin, Germany
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Eide IP, Rolfseng T, Isaksen CV, Mecsei R, Roald B, Lydersen S, Salvesen KA, Harsem NK, Austgulen R. Serious foetal growth restriction is associated with reduced proportions of natural killer cells in decidua basalis. Virchows Arch 2005; 448:269-76. [PMID: 16328353 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-005-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblasts are major participants in placental development and remodelling of spiral arteries. Trophoblast invasion is regulated by maternal immune cells, and abnormal leucocyte subpopulation composition has been reported in implantation failure. In pre-eclampsia (PE), with or without foetal growth restriction (FGR), superficial trophoblast invasion and insufficient remodelling of spiral arteries are common findings. In the present study, we have compared spiral artery remodelling and leucocyte composition in decidual tissue from 30 cases (PE=8, FGR=5, PE + FGR=17) and 31 controls. Six histological remodelling criteria were established, and each pregnancy obtained a remodelling score. Numbers of natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+), T cells (CD3+) and activated (CD25+ or CD69+) leucocytes were determined and related to total leucocyte (CD45+) numbers in serial sections. Cases demonstrated significantly impaired spiral artery remodelling, inappropriate placental growth and reduced NK cell proportions, as compared to controls (P=0.02, P<0.001 and P=0.01, respectively). Reduced NK cell proportion was primarily found in pregnancies complicated by FGR, with or without PE, and a significant positive correlation was observed between NK cell proportion, trophoblast infiltration and placental growth. Our in vivo observations support the hypothesized association between NK cells, impaired placental development and pathogenesis of PE/FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P Eide
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Medisinsk Teknisk Forskningssenter, Olav Kyrres gt. 3, Trondheim, Norway.
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Karmaus W, Johnson CC. Invited commentary: Sibship effects and a call for a comparative disease approach. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:133-8; discussion 139. [PMID: 15972944 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/etiology
- Asthma/immunology
- Birth Order
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Pregnancy
- Research Design
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/etiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/etiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Risk Factors
- Siblings
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Karmaus
- Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Abstract
PROBLEM We hypothesize that the normal immunologic responses by the maternal immune system during pregnancy are not as well-regulated in gestational diabetes (GD) patients as in healthy pregnant women. METHOD OF STUDY Using two-color flow cytometry we evaluated frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 20 GD patients being treated with insulin; 43 GD patients treated with dietary therapy but no insulin; 44 women experiencing normal pregnancies; and 48 non-pregnant women. RESULTS When compared with healthy pregnant women, both GD cohorts showed higher percentages CD4(+)CD25(+) (P < 0.05), CD4(+)CD45RO(+) (P < 0.05) and CD4(+)CD29(+) (P < 0.01) but lower percentages of CD4(+)CD45RA(+) (P < 0.05). Higher percentages of the activated phenotypes CD8(+)CD25(+) and CD8(+)HLA-DR(+) cells in the diet-treated cohort and CD4(+)HLA-DR(+) cells in insulin-treated GB cohort, were observed compared with healthy pregnant subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Expanded populations of activated peripheral blood T cells are associated with GD, suggesting that normal maternal immunosuppression is less effective in GD-afflicted women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Mahmoud
- Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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