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Tikmani SS, Mårtensson T, Roujani S, Feroz AS, Seyfulayeva A, Mårtensson A, Brown N, Saleem S. Exploring gestational age, and birth weight assessment in Thatta district, Sindh, Pakistan: Healthcare providers' knowledge, practices, perceived barriers, and the potential of a mobile app for identifying preterm and low birth weight. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299395. [PMID: 38603767 PMCID: PMC11008874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reliable methods for identifying prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) are crucial to ending preventable deaths in newborns. This study explored healthcare providers' (HCPs) knowledge, practice, perceived barriers in assessing gestational age and birth weight and their referral methods for preterm and LBW infants. The study additionally assessed the potential of using a mobile app for the identification and referral decision of preterm and LBW. METHODS This qualitative descriptive study was conducted in Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan. Participants, including doctors, nurses, lady health visitors, and midwives, were purposefully selected from a district headquarter hospital, and private providers in the catchment area of Global Network's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry (MNHR). Interviews were conducted using an interview guide after obtaining written informed consent. Audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVIVO® software with an inductive approach. RESULTS The HCPs had extensive knowledge about antenatal and postnatal methods for assessing gestational age. They expressed a preference for antenatal ultrasound due to the perceived accuracy, though accept practical barriers including workload, machine malfunctions, and cost. Postnatal assessment using the Ballard score was only undertaken sparingly due to insufficient training and subjectivity. All HCPs preferred electronic weighing scales for birth weight Barriers encountered included weighing scale calibration and battery issues. There was variation in the definition of prematurity and LBW, leading to delays in referral. Limited resources, inadequate education, and negative parent past experiences were barriers to referral. Foot length measurements were not currently being used. While mobile apps are felt to have potential, unreliable electricity supply and internet connectivity are barriers. CONCLUSION The HCPs in this study were knowledgeable in terms of potential tools, but acknowledged the logistical and parental barriers to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyam Sunder Tikmani
- Department of Women’s & Children’s Health, Global Health & Migration Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Mårtensson
- Department of Women’s & Children’s Health, Global Health & Migration Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sana Roujani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anam Shahil Feroz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ayshe Seyfulayeva
- National School of Public Health, The NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreas Mårtensson
- Department of Women’s & Children’s Health, Global Health & Migration Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nick Brown
- Department of Women’s & Children’s Health, Global Health & Migration Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Saleem
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Assefa EM, Chane G, Teme A, Nigatu TA. Determinants of prelabor rupture of membrane among pregnant women attending governmental hospitals in Jimma zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia: A multi-center case-control study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294482. [PMID: 38033036 PMCID: PMC10688638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prelabor rupture of membrane defined as the rupture of fetal membranes before the beginning of uterine contractions, is a common complication of pregnancy and the leading cause of preterm birth. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of prelabor rupture of membrane varied significantly between settings due to variations in risk factors. Besides, there was no study conducted using primary data, particularly in the Jimma zone, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of prelabor rupture of membrane among pregnant women attending governmental hospitals in the Jimma zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from October 15 to December 15, 2021, at four governmental hospitals. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select 316 participants (79 cases and 237 controls). Women with prelabor rupture of the membrane were confirmed by history, sterile vaginal examination, and ultrasound as cases, and their counterparts as controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on maternal (obstetric, medical, behavioral) and fetal-related characteristics. The data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, bi-variable, and multivariable logistic regression were computed. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence level was used, and the significance level was declared at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 316 participants (79 cases and 237 controls) were included in this study. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.41-6.64), history of abortion (AOR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.56-8.65), urinary tract infections (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.13-6.06), abnormal vaginal discharge (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.21-5.79), maternal khat chewing (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.70-6.80), mid-upper arm circumference less than 23 cm (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.51-5.19), and fetal presentation (breech) (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.10-6.28) were determinants of prelabor rupture of membrane among pregnant women. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the aforementioned factors were found to be determinants of prelabor rupture of membrane among pregnant women. Therefore, hospitals should give focus to the early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension, urinary tract infection, and abnormal vaginal discharge to reduce the burden of prelabor rupture of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Msaye Assefa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Chane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Teme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Kim AE, Simoni MK, Nadgauda A, Koelper N, Dokras A. Elevated antimüllerian hormone levels are not associated with preterm delivery after in vitro fertilization or ovulation induction. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1013-1022. [PMID: 37495009 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between antimüllerian hormone (AMH) and preterm birth risk in a larger cohort of patients who underwent either in vitro fertilization or ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination at a US academic fertility center. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single academic fertility center. PATIENT(S) Live singleton births from patients who underwent in vitro fertilization or ovulation induction between 2016 and 2020 at a single academic fertility center were included in this study. Patients were excluded if they had a missing prepregnancy AMH level, a pregnancy using donor oocytes or a gestational carrier, multiple gestations, a delivery before 20 weeks gestation, or a cerclage in place. INTERVENTION(S) AMH level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary outcome was the proportion of preterm delivery. Secondary outcomes included the rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, and small for gestational age. RESULT(S) In the entire cohort (n = 875), 8.4% of deliveries were preterm. The mean AMH values were similar between those with term and preterm births (3.9 vs. 4.2 ng/mL). Similar proportions of patients with term and preterm deliveries had AMH levels greater than the 75th percentile (25% vs. 21%). The odds of preterm birth were similar by AMH quartile after adjusting for the history of preterm birth. Similarly, in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cohort, there was no difference between mean AMH values of term and preterm births (n = 139, 9.6 vs. 10.0 ng/mL). The proportions of patients with PCOS with AMH levels greater than the 75th percentile were similar between those with term and preterm deliveries (25% vs. 22%). The odds of preterm birth were similar by the AMH quartile after adjusting for the history of preterm birth. CONCLUSION(S) Elevated AMH levels were not associated with an increased risk of preterm birth in patients who conceived after in vitro fertilization and ovulation induction, including patients with PCOS. Although studies suggest that AMH levels may help stratify the risk of preterm birth in this population, our findings indicate that further studies are needed before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Michael K Simoni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Reproductive Medical Associates of New Jersey, Marlton, New Jersey
| | - Ashni Nadgauda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reading Hospital, West Reading, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathanael Koelper
- Women's Health Clinical Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anuja Dokras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hoffmann JA, Gründler K, Richter DU, Stubert J. Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth using CCL2 and CXCL10 in maternal serum of symptomatic high-risk pregnant women: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:697. [PMID: 37770883 PMCID: PMC10537471 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CCL2 and CXCL10 are putative biomarkers for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth. This study evaluates these markers in a cohort of pregnant high-risk women. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our prospective study, we included 109 women with signs of preterm labor between 20 + 0 and 31 + 6 weeks of gestation. Inclusion criteria were regular (< 3/30 min) or painful contractions, cervical length < 25 mm or a history of previous preterm birth (PTB). Blood samples were obtained upon first admission to our clinic. Biomarker concentrations were measured using pre-coated sandwich immunoassays (ELISA). Primary study outcome was spontaneous preterm birth < 34 weeks, secondary outcome was delivery < 37 weeks or within seven days after study inclusion. RESULTS Sixteen women (14.7%) delivered < 34 weeks and twenty women between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks (18.4%). Six patients (5.5%) gave birth within seven days after study admission. CXCL10 showed higher medium serum levels in women with PTB < 34 weeks (115 pg/ml compared to 61 pg/ml ≥ 34 weeks; p < 0.001) and < 37 weeks (103 pg/ml vs. 53 pg/ml; p < 0.001). In contrary, lower CCL2 serum levels were associated with PTB < 34 weeks (46 pg/ml vs. 73 pg/ml; p = 0.032) and birth within 7 days (25 pg/ml vs. 73 pg/ml; p = 0.008). The CXCL10/CCL2-ratio further improved the predictive model with a ROC-AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.93, p < 0.001) for delivery < 34 weeks. These corresponds to a sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of 0.67, 0.86 and 0.43 at a cut-off of 2.2. CONCLUSION Low maternal serum CCL2 levels are associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery within seven days. High CXCL10 serum levels are more associated with a high risk for preterm birth < 34 weeks. Elevated CXCL10/CCL2-ratio is showing the best predictive performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER (DRKS-ID) DRKS00010763, Registration date: September 02, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kathleen Gründler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HELIOS Hospital Schwerin, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Dagmar- Ulrike Richter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Stubert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany.
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Peng L, Cao B, Hou F, Xu B, Zhou H, Liang L, Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhou J. Relationship between Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio with Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:6841344. [PMID: 36814523 PMCID: PMC9940956 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6841344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spontaneous preterm birth is one of the most common pregnancy complications in obstetric clinical practice, and its etiology is complex. The problems of low survival and high morbidity rates of premature infants need to be solved urgently. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are two novel biomarkers of inflammation, and several studies have linked PLR and LMR to spontaneous preterm birth. These systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at analyzing the relationship between PLR and LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth to provide new ideas for the early prevention and treatment of spontaneous preterm births. Methods Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were inspected to gather PLR and LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth, all from the database to February 2022. Interstudy heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I 2 statistic. Differences in PLR and LMR between patients with spontaneous preterm birth and full-term controls were evaluated by computing standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that serum PLR values were remarkably larger for patients with spontaneous preterm birth than for full-term controls (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.84, P = 0.007), whereas the difference between serum LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth and full-term controls was not statistically significant (SMD: 0.35, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.88, P = 0.199). The results of Begg's and Egger's tests revealed that the publication bias of the meta-analysis was not significant. The outcomes of the sensitivity analysis showed that the individual studies did not influence the meta-analysis results. Conclusions Current evidence shows that PLR is strongly associated with spontaneous preterm birth, whereas LMR is not. PLR has a certain clinical value in diagnosing and treating spontaneous preterm births, and our research will provide strong theoretical support for clinical work. In the future, it will be necessary to further explore the reasons for the increased PLR in the serum of patients with spontaneous preterm birth and other mechanisms inducing spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baodi Cao
- The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangpeng Hou
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baolin Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Luyi Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingjian Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
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Eriç Horasanlı J, Alp EC, Bülbül R. Evaluation of Complete Blood Cell Count Parameters in the Diagnosis of Threatened Preterm Labor and Premature Rupture of Membranes. DUBAI MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1159/000524968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between systemic inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR), threatened preterm labor (TPL), and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), using complete blood cell count (CBC) parameters. <b><i>Method:</i></b> The study was carried out prospectively with patients admitted to our university hospital due to preterm labor and at risk of PPROM. The cases were divided into three groups according to their pregnancy status. Group 1 consisted of 90 patients with PPROM between 24th and 36th gestational weeks; group 2, 115 patients diagnosed with TPL between 24th and 36th gestational weeks; group 3, 101 patients over 36 weeks of gestation (control) who were not in labor. In addition to the demographic data of the patients, CBC parameters (white blood cell (WBC), Hg, Hct, Plt, lymphocyte, monocyte, mean platelet volume, PLR, LMR, and NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values were examined and compared in each of the three groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> CRP and WBC values of group 1 (PPROM) were higher than group 2 (TPL) and group 3 (control) (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for both). Pearson correlation between the gestational age and PLR and NLR values was significant (<i>r</i> and <i>p</i> values for PLR and NLR, respectively, <i>r</i> = −0.18, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = −0.23, <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding PLR, NLR, LMR, platelet, monocytes, and lymphocyte counts. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Only WBC was a valuable parameter in predicting preterm labor and PPROM. Although there was no significant difference between the groups in PLR and NLR, a negative correlation was found with gestational age at delivery. CRP value is still a helpful parameter in PPROM and TPL prediction.
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Ekici H, Imamoglu M, Okmen F, Gencosman G, Ak G, Ergenoglu M. Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:872-876. [PMID: 34565265 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1946022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with a higher risk of complications in pregnancy. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been evaluated in numerous inflammatory diseases. We evaluated the possible role of these markers in SLE pregnancies. Forty-six pregnant patients with an already established diagnosis of SLE were included in the study. Complete blood counts were obtained upon admission for delivery. Seven patients were diagnosed with a flare and managed with multiple medications, whereas rest of the patients were not on any treatment or managed with monotherapy. NLR and PLR values were also evaluated between two groups and no statistically significant difference was found (p=.44 and p=.80, respectively). This study is the first to evaluate the possible role of NLR and PLR in pregnant SLE patients in the literature. Further studies are warranted for an elaborate evaluation of NLR and PLR in lupus pregnancies.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Pregnancy in the setting of SLE is associated with a higher risk of complications. Active disease increases the risk of adverse outcomes further.What the results of this study add? This study is the first to evaluate NLR and PLR in pregnancies complicated by SLE. No significant association between the course of the disease in pregnancy and NLR/PLR was documented.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Further studies on the markers to predict prognosis of SLE in pregnancy are required to improve the maternal and neonatal outcomes in this exclusive group of high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Ekici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Metehan Imamoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bridgeport Hospital/Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Firat Okmen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gencosman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mete Ergenoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Vakili S, Torabinavid P, Tabrizi R, Shojazadeh A, Asadi N, Hessami K. The Association of Inflammatory Biomarker of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Spontaneous Preterm Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6668381. [PMID: 33603568 PMCID: PMC7870293 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as an inflammatory biomarker, has been investigated in several studies for early prediction of preterm delivery. However, their findings seem to be controversial. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of NLR in predicting preterm delivery as compared to term controls. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception up to December 2020. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and the I 2 statistic. The random-effects model was employed to pool the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Out of a total of 4369 recodes, fifteen articles including 3327 participants were enrolled. The meta-analysis finding using the random-effects model produced a pooled estimate suggesting a significantly higher NLR (WMD = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.40-2.07) in women with preterm delivery (P = 0.01). We found significant heterogeneity across the included studies (P < 0.001, I 2 = 92.33%). However, interstudy heterogeneity exists mainly due to differences in the definition of preterm delivery (I 2 = 0.0%). In the metaregression analysis, there was no significant effect of publication year (B = -0.288, P = 0.088), total sample size (B = -0.002, P = 0.276), and the mean age of cases (B = -0.06, P = 0.692) on the association between NLR and preterm delivery. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis revealed that the NLR value is higher in patients with preterm delivery. The NLR could be a useful biomarker for predicting preterm delivery; however, further prospective case-control studies are required to produce stronger evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Vakili
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parham Torabinavid
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Vali Asr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Shojazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Asadi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Hessami
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sonaglioni A, Esposito V, Caruso C, Nicolosi GL, Bianchi S, Lombardo M, Gensini GF, Ambrosio G. Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and carotid artery wall thickness in healthy pregnant women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 255:98-104. [PMID: 33113405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy may elicit a state of mild inflammation that might affect, either directly or indirectly, haematological parameters associated with systemic inflammation. In particular, both Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Red blood cells Distribution Width (RDW) have been found to be elevated in complicated pregnancy. However, data regarding the association of these haematological parameters with common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) in healthy pregnancy are scanty. Aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in CCA-IMT during normal pregnancy and in the postpartum period, and to correlate these changes with NLR and RDW. STUDY DESIGN Between October 2019 and February 2020, a prospective study was carried out on 73 consecutive healthy pregnant women (32.8 ± 4.9 yrs/old). Women underwent obstetric assessment, complete blood cell counts with calculation of NLR and RDW, two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and carotid Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS During normal pregnancy, both NLR and RDW progressively increased (p < 0.0001); likewise, parameters of carotid dimensions also significantly increased (p < 0.0001). Hematological and morphological changes all decreased in postpartum period. By univariable logistic regression, the variables which showed the greatest independent association with CCA-IMT (defined as CCA-IMT ≥0.55 mm) were: age (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15-1.53, p < 0.0001), pre-pregnant BMI (HR 2.75, 95% CI 1.72-4.41, p < 0.0001), third trimester E/e' ratio (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.34-2.02, p < 0.0001), and third trimester NLR (HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.64-5.50, p < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that third trimester NLR was the only variable that retained statistical significance (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.35-4.59, p = 0.003). An NLR ≥ 2 reached 83% of sensitivity and 99% of specificity in identifying a CCA-IMT ≥0.55 mm (AUC = 0.95). A strong linear correlation of both third trimester NLR and RDW with CCA-IMT was observed (r = 0.89 and 0.83, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy is a state of chronic mild inflammation and the progressive increase in NLR and RDW during normal pregnancy is significantly associated with CCA intimal-medial thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sonaglioni
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Esposito
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Caruso
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Nicolosi
- Department of Cardiology, Policlinico San Giorgio, Via Agostino Gemelli 10, 33170, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefano Bianchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Lombardo
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Gensini
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "S. Maria della Misericordia", Perugia, Italy
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Pan J, Tian X, Huang H, Zhong N. Proteomic Study of Fetal Membrane: Inflammation-Triggered Proteolysis of Extracellular Matrix May Present a Pathogenic Pathway for Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Front Physiol 2020; 11:800. [PMID: 32792973 PMCID: PMC7386131 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), which predominantly presents as spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL) or prelabor premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), is a syndrome that accounts for 5-10% of live births annually. The long-term morbidity in surviving preterm infants is significantly higher than that in full-term neonates. The causes of sPTB are complex and not fully understood. Human placenta, the maternal and fetal interface, is an environmental core of fetal intrauterine life, mediates fetal oxygen exchange, nutrient uptake, and waste elimination and functions as an immune-defense organ. In this study, the molecular signature of preterm birth placenta was assessed and compared to full-term placenta by proteomic profiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of fetal membranes (the amniochorionic membranes), with five cases in each group in the discovery study and 30 cases in each group for validation, were included: groups A: sPTL; B: PPROM; C: full-term birth (FTB); and D: full-term premature rupture of membrane (PROM). Fetal membranes were dissected and used for proteome quantification study. Maxquant and Perseus were used for protein quantitation and statistical analysis. Both fetal membranes and placental villi samples were used to validate proteomic discovery. RESULTS Proteomics analysis of fetal membranes identified 2,800 proteins across four groups. Sixty-two proteins show statistical differences between the preterm and full-term groups. Among these differentially expressed proteins are (1) proteins involved in inflammation (HPGD), T cell activation (PTPRC), macrophage activation (CAPG, CD14, and CD163), (2) cell adhesion (ICAM and ITGAM), (3) proteolysis (CTSG, ELANE, and MMP9), (4) antioxidant (MPO), (5) extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (APMAP, COL4A1, LAMA2, LMNB1, LMNB2, FBLN2, and CSRP1) and (6) metabolism of glycolysis (PKM and ADPGK), fatty acid synthesis (ACOX1 and ACSL3), and energy biosynthesis (ATP6AP1 and CYBB). CONCLUSION Our molecular signature study of preterm fetal membranes revealed inflammation as a major event, which is inconsistent with previous findings. Proteolysis may play an important role in fetal membrane rupture. Extracellular matrix s have been altered in preterm fetal membranes due to proteolysis. Metabolism was also altered in preterm fetal membranes. The molecular changes in the fetal membranes provided a significant molecular signature for PPROM in preterm syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Sanya Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Xiujuan Tian
- Sanya Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Honglei Huang
- Proteomic Core Facility, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States
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Cha HH, Kim JM, Kim HM, Kim MJ, Chong GO, Seong WJ. Association between gestational age at delivery and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in the routine second trimester complete blood cell count. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020; 38:34-38. [PMID: 32549119 PMCID: PMC7787901 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine whether routine second trimester complete blood cell (CBC) count parameters, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), could predict obstetric outcomes. METHODS We included singleton pregnancies for which the 50-g oral glucose tolerance test and CBC were routinely performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation in our outpatient clinic from January 2015 to December 2017. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their pregnancy outcomes as follows: group 1, spontaneous preterm births, including preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes; group 2, indicated preterm birth due to maternal, fetal, or placental causes (hypertensive disorder, fetal growth restriction, or placental abruption); and group 3, term deliveries, regardless of the indication of delivery. We compared the CBC parameters using a bivariate correlation test. RESULTS The study included 356 pregnancies. Twenty-eight subjects were in group 1, 20 in group 2, and 308 in group 3. There were no significant differences between the three groups in neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts. Although there was no significant difference in NLR, LMR, and PLR between the three groups, LMR showed a negative correlation with gestational age at delivery (r=-0.126, p=0.016). CONCLUSION We found that a higher LMR in the second trimester was associated with decreased gestational age at delivery. CBC parameters in the second trimester of pregnancy could be used to predict adverse obstetric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hwa Cha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Mi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gun Oh Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Joon Seong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Tolunay HE, Elci E. Importance of haemogram parameters for prediction of the time of birth in women diagnosed with threatened preterm labour. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520918432. [PMID: 32295437 PMCID: PMC7163240 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520918432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to estimate the importance of complete blood count parameters for predicting the timing of birth in threatened preterm labour cases. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 92 patients who were diagnosed with threatened preterm labour (24–34 gestational weeks). The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of birth (group 1: delivered within the first week after diagnosis; group 2: delivered later than 1 week). We compared characteristics and complete blood count parameters between these two groups. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, body mass index, gravida, parity, haemoglobin levels, and gestational weeks between the two groups. The mean cervical length was 24.24 ± 3.60 mm in group 1 and 30.70 ± 5.32 mm in group 2. There were significant differences in the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), absolute lymphocyte cell count, and absolute neutrophil cell count between the two groups. Conclusion Maternal serum RDW, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell count, absolute lymphocyte cell count, and the absolute neutrophil cell count profile could guide clinicians in predicting the time of birth in threatened preterm labour cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Egemen Tolunay
- Department of Perinatology, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Maternity and
Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Elci
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Van, Turkey
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Ma M, Zhu M, Zhuo B, Li L, Chen H, Xu L, Wu Z, Cheng F, Xu L, Yan J. Use of complete blood count for predicting preterm birth in asymptomatic pregnant women: A propensity score-matched analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23313. [PMID: 32222021 PMCID: PMC7439335 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate prediction of preterm birth (PTB) is still difficult, mostly because of the multifactorial etiology of PTB. Previous studies have been mostly focused on the prediction of PTB in symptomatic women or those presenting with threatened preterm labor. We aimed to study whether complete blood count (CBC) parameters at 20‐30 weeks of pregnancy can predict asymptomatic PTB. Methods In this retrospective case‐control study, the preterm and term delivery groups were matched by propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis. Baseline data and the CBC parameters examined at 20‐30 weeks of gestation were recorded. Results The combined marker of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelet distribution width (PDW) accurately predicts PTB at a cutoff value of 0.25, with sensitivity and specificity of 88.6% and 40.5% and negative and positive predictive value of 97.9% and 10.2%, respectively. Conclusion The combined marker of CBC parameters can supplement other markers to predict PTB about 10 weeks in advance. This combined marker had a very high negative predictive value for PTB. Therefore, in subjects with normal combined marker value, further screening tests for PTB may be eliminated unless clinical suspicion is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bimin Zhuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Honglei Chen
- Computer Technology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Libo Xu
- Computer Technology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianying Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Mechanistic insights into the action of probiotics against bacterial vaginosis and its mediated preterm birth: An overview. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:104029. [PMID: 32014462 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body is a reservoir of numerous micro-creatures; whose role is substantial and indispensable in the overall development of human beings. The advances in omic approaches have offered powerful means to decipher the core microbiome and metabolome diversities in a specific organ system. The establishment of lactobacilli in the female reproductive tract is thought to be a paramount prerequisite that maintains homeostatic conditions for a sustainable and healthy pregnancy. Nevertheless, a plethora of such Lactobacillus strains of vaginal source revealed probiotic phenotypes. The plummeting in the occurrence of lactobacilli in the vaginal ecosystem is associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). One such pathological condition is "Bacterial Vaginosis" (BV), a pathogen dominated gynecological threat. In this scenario, the ascending traffic of notorious Gram-negative/variable BV pathogens to the uterus is one of the proposed pathways that give rise to inflammation-related APOs like preterm birth. Since antibiotic resistance is aggravating among urogenital pathogens, the probiotics intervention remains one of the alternative biotherapeutic strategies to overcome BV and its associated APOs. Perhaps, the increased inclination towards the safer and natural biotherapeutic strategies rather than pharmaceutical drugs for maintaining gestational and reproductive health resulted in the use of probiotics in pregnancy diets. In this context, the current review is an attempt to highlight the microbiome and metabolites signatures of BV and non-BV vaginal ecosystem, inflammation or infection-related preterm birth, host-microbial interactions, role and effectiveness of probiotics to fight against aforesaid diseased conditions.
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Hsu JY, James KE, Bormann CL, Donahoe PK, Pépin D, Sabatini ME. Müllerian-Inhibiting Substance/Anti-Müllerian Hormone as a Predictor of Preterm Birth in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4187-4196. [PMID: 30239805 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is increasing evidence for Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS)/anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) physiologic activity in the human uterus, so it is relevant to study how MIS/AMH levels impact pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of MIS/AMH levels with the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Academic fertility center. PATIENTS Women who became pregnant through in vitro fertilization between January 2012 and October 2016. Exclusion criteria were: oocyte donation, gestational carrier, multiple gestations, miscarriage before 20 weeks, or medically indicated preterm deliveries. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES There were two primary outcomes, preterm birth and cesarean delivery for arrest of labor. Because MIS/AMH level is highly skewed by certain infertility diagnoses, the preterm birth analysis was stratified by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis, and the cesarean delivery for arrest of labor analysis was stratified by diminished ovarian reserve diagnosis. χ2, Mann-Whitney, and t tests were used as appropriate. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Among women with PCOS, those who delivered prematurely had substantially higher MIS/AMH levels (18 vs 6.4 ng/mL, P = 0.003) than did those who delivered at term. At the highest MIS/AMH values, preterm deliveries predominated; above the 90th percentile in women with PCOS, all deliveries were premature. No effect of MIS/AMH level was observed in women without PCOS. We found no association between MIS/AMH values and cesarean delivery for labor arrest. CONCLUSION In women with PCOS, substantially elevated MIS/AMH levels are significantly associated with preterm birth, suggesting closer follow-up and further studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Hsu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaitlyn E James
- Deborah Kelly Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles L Bormann
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Pépin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary E Sabatini
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Repeat Cerclage in Women with Prolapsed Membranes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1507398. [PMID: 30410922 PMCID: PMC6206575 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1507398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cerclage is a surgical option for preventing preterm birth (PTB). Repeat cerclage (RC) could prevent impending PTB in women with prolapsed membrane who already had primary cerclage. PTB is associated with a state of inflammation. It has been widely known that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) reflect systemic inflammation. We aimed to investigate whether NLR and PLR could be used as reliable markers in predicting pregnancy outcome following RC. Methods The study group consisted of 26 patients, who underwent RC resulting from prolapsed membrane after primary cerclage. NLR and PLR at the time of primary cerclage and RC were calculated. ROC curve analysis and multivariate analysis were performed for determining predictive factors. The study group was divided into two groups according to NLR 4.7 at RC: High NLR group was defined as NLR > 4.7, and low NLR group was defined as NLR ≤ 4.7. We compared pregnancy outcomes, such as delivery at gestational age, and rate of delivery < 28 weeks between two groups. Results The average gestational age at primary cerclage was 15.7 weeks, and the mean gestational age at RC was 21.0 weeks. NLR at RC was significantly elevated when compared with NLR at primary cerclage (NLR, 4.0 vs. 8.9, p=0.001), but there was no significant difference in terms of PLR (p=0.07). ROC curve showed that there was a significant prediction power of NLR at RC for delivery < 28 weeks (AUC, 0.91; p<0.01). Using NLR cut-off of 4.7, 8 had NLR ≤ 4.7 (low NLR group), whereas 18 had NLR > 4.7 (high NLR group). High NLR group showed worse pregnancy outcome compared to low NLR group: there were significant differences in gestational age at delivery, and neonatal survival rate between two groups (31.5 weeks vs. 25.9 weeks, p=0.02; 100% (8/8) vs. 55.6% (10/18), p=0.03, respectively). Survival analysis demonstrated a lower incidence of delivery < 28 weeks of gestation in low NLR group compared with high NLR group (p<0.01, log-rank test). Conclusion NLR might be used as a reliable factor for predicting pregnancy outcome following RC.
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