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Mani S, Garifallou J, Kim SJ, Simoni MK, Huh DD, Gordon SM, Mainigi M. Uterine macrophages and NK cells exhibit population and gene-level changes after implantation but maintain pro-invasive properties. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364036. [PMID: 38566989 PMCID: PMC10985329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior to pregnancy, hormonal changes lead to cellular adaptations in the endometrium allowing for embryo implantation. Critical for successful pregnancy establishment, innate immune cells constitute a significant proportion of uterine cells prior to arrival of the embryo and throughout the first trimester in humans and animal models. Abnormal uterine immune cell function during implantation is believed to play a role in multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current work in humans has focused on uterine immune cells present after pregnancy establishment, and limited in vitro models exist to explore unique functions of these cells. Methods With single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq), we comprehensively compared the human uterine immune landscape of the endometrium during the window of implantation and the decidua during the first trimester of pregnancy. Results We uncovered global and cell-type-specific gene signatures for each timepoint. Immune cells in the endometrium prior to implantation expressed genes associated with immune metabolism, division, and activation. In contrast, we observed widespread interferon signaling during the first trimester of pregnancy. We also provide evidence of specific inflammatory pathways enriched in pre- and post-implantation macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells in the uterine lining. Using our novel implantation-on-a-chip (IOC) to model human implantation ex vivo, we demonstrate for the first time that uterine macrophages strongly promote invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), a process essential for pregnancy establishment. Pre- and post-implantation uterine macrophages promoted EVT invasion to a similar degree as pre- and post-implantation NK cells on the IOC. Conclusions This work provides a foundation for further investigation of the individual roles of uterine immune cell subtypes present prior to embryo implantation and during early pregnancy, which will be critical for our understanding of pregnancy complications associated with abnormal trophoblast invasion and placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Mani
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James Garifallou
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Se-jeong Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael K. Simoni
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dan Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott M. Gordon
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Monica Mainigi
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Simoni MK, Negatu SG, Park JY, Mani S, Arreguin MC, Amses K, Huh DD, Mainigi M, Jurado KA. Type I interferon alters invasive extravillous trophoblast function. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.11.584521. [PMID: 38559122 PMCID: PMC10979977 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Inappropriate type I interferon (IFN) signaling during embryo implantation and placentation is linked to poor pregnancy outcomes. Here, we evaluated the consequence of elevated type I IFN exposure on implantation using a biomimetic model of human implantation in an organ-on-a-chip device. We found that type I IFN reduced extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion capacity. Analyzing single-cell transcriptomes, we uncovered that IFN truncated endovascular EVT emergence in the implantation-on-a-chip device by stunting EVT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Disruptions to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, a life-threatening hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Strikingly, unwarranted IFN stimulation induced genes associated with increased preeclampsia risk and a preeclamptic gene-like signature in EVTs. These dysregulated EVT phenotypes ultimately reduced EVT-mediated endothelial cell vascular remodeling in the implantation-on-a-chip device. Overall, our work indicates IFN signaling can alter EVT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition progression which results in diminished EVT-mediated spiral artery remodeling and a preeclampsia gene signature upon sustained stimulation. Our work implicates unwarranted type I IFN as a maternal disturbance that can result in abnormal EVT function that could trigger preeclampsia.
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Kim AE, Simoni MK, Nadgauda A, Koelper N, Dokras A. Elevated antimüllerian hormone levels are not associated with preterm delivery after in vitro fertilization or ovulation induction. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1013-1022. [PMID: 37495009 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between antimüllerian hormone (AMH) and preterm birth risk in a larger cohort of patients who underwent either in vitro fertilization or ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination at a US academic fertility center. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single academic fertility center. PATIENT(S) Live singleton births from patients who underwent in vitro fertilization or ovulation induction between 2016 and 2020 at a single academic fertility center were included in this study. Patients were excluded if they had a missing prepregnancy AMH level, a pregnancy using donor oocytes or a gestational carrier, multiple gestations, a delivery before 20 weeks gestation, or a cerclage in place. INTERVENTION(S) AMH level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary outcome was the proportion of preterm delivery. Secondary outcomes included the rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, and small for gestational age. RESULT(S) In the entire cohort (n = 875), 8.4% of deliveries were preterm. The mean AMH values were similar between those with term and preterm births (3.9 vs. 4.2 ng/mL). Similar proportions of patients with term and preterm deliveries had AMH levels greater than the 75th percentile (25% vs. 21%). The odds of preterm birth were similar by AMH quartile after adjusting for the history of preterm birth. Similarly, in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cohort, there was no difference between mean AMH values of term and preterm births (n = 139, 9.6 vs. 10.0 ng/mL). The proportions of patients with PCOS with AMH levels greater than the 75th percentile were similar between those with term and preterm deliveries (25% vs. 22%). The odds of preterm birth were similar by the AMH quartile after adjusting for the history of preterm birth. CONCLUSION(S) Elevated AMH levels were not associated with an increased risk of preterm birth in patients who conceived after in vitro fertilization and ovulation induction, including patients with PCOS. Although studies suggest that AMH levels may help stratify the risk of preterm birth in this population, our findings indicate that further studies are needed before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Michael K Simoni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Reproductive Medical Associates of New Jersey, Marlton, New Jersey
| | - Ashni Nadgauda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reading Hospital, West Reading, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathanael Koelper
- Women's Health Clinical Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anuja Dokras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kim AE, Simoni MK, Nadgauda A, Koelper NC, Dokras A. ELEVATED ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE LEVELS ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PRETERM DELIVERY AFTER IN VITRO FERTILIZATION OR OVULATION INDUCTION. Fertil Steril 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Simoni MK, Gilstad-Hayden K, Naqvi SH, Pal L, Yonkers KA. Progression of depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology in the United States. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 43:214-223. [PMID: 34472405 PMCID: PMC10116357 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2021.1971193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Women who utilize assisted-reproductive technology (ART) to achieve pregnancy experience unique circumstances before and during their pregnancy. This study aims to examine the progression of mental health in pregnant women who conceived via various methods of ART to understand gestational time periods of emotional stability or risk specific to these populations. METHODS Secondary analysis of the Yale Pink and Blue Study - a prospective cohort involving women from 137 obstetrical practices in the northeastern United States between 2005-2009. Depressive and anxiety symptoms among spontaneous, planned pregnancies were compared to ART pregnancies using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and its anxiety subscale (EPDS-3A), respectively. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to compare group changes (EPDS and EPDS-3A score threshold ≥10) at timepoints of <17 weeks (T1), 28(±2) weeks (T2), and 8(±4) weeks postpartum (T3). RESULTS 1,466 spontaneous, planned pregnancies were compared to 191 pregnancies conceived via ART. Prevalence of depressive symptoms were similar between conception groups. Change in prevalence over time differed significantly between those groups (from T1 to T3 (β 0.59), as well as between spontaneous pregnancies compared to autologous gamete ART pregnancies (from T1 to T2 (β 0.48) and T1 to T3 (β 0.65). Course of anxiety did not differ between conception groups. CONCLUSIONS Women who conceive via ART have different rates of change in depressive symptoms throughout gestation compared to women with spontaneous pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Simoni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | | | - Syed H Naqvi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Lubna Pal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Simoni MK, Mani S, Park JY, Huh D, Jurado K, Mainigi M. IFN-B DISRUPTS INVASIVE EXTRAVILLOUS TROPHOBLASTS FUNCTION ON IMPLANTATION-ON-A-CHIP MODEL. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simoni MK, Nadgauda A, Koelper NC, Dokras A. ELEVATED AMH NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PRETERM DELIVERY IN IVF PREGNANCIES. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rivas RN, Simoni MK, Penzias AS, Sakkas D, Patrizio P. Risk of pregnancy failure in an optimized uterine environment: live birth rate from PGT-A euploid embryos in a proven uterus. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Premenstrual disorders include premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and premenstrual worsening of another medical condition. While the underlying causes of these conditions continue to be explored, an aberrant response to hormonal fluctuations that occurs with the natural menstrual cycle and serotonin deficits have both been implicated. A careful medical history and daily symptom monitoring across 2 menstrual cycles is important in establishing a diagnosis. Many treatments have been evaluated for the management of premenstrual disorders. The most efficacious treatments for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder include serotonin reuptake inhibitors and contraceptives with shortened to no hormone-free interval. Women who do not respond to these and other interventions may benefit from gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Ann Yonkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Michael K Simoni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Simoni MK, Mu L, Collins SC. Women's career priority is associated with attitudes towards family planning and ethical acceptance of reproductive technologies. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:2069-2075. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Simoni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lin Mu
- Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen C. Collins
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Simoni MK, Jurado KA, Abrahams VM, Fikrig E, Guller S. Zika virus infection of Hofbauer cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77:10.1111/aji.12613. [PMID: 27966815 PMCID: PMC5299062 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked antenatal infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) with major adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, including microcephaly. There is a growing consensus for the existence of a congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Previous studies have indicated that non-placental macrophages play a key role in the replication of dengue virus (DENV), a closely related flavivirus. As the placenta provides the conduit for vertical transmission of certain viruses, and placental Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal-placental macrophages located adjacent to fetal capillaries, it is not surprising that several recent studies have examined infection of HBCs by ZIKV. In this review, we describe congenital abnormalities associated with ZIKV infection, the role of HBCs in the placental response to infection, and evidence for the susceptibility of HBCs to ZIKV infection. We conclude that HBCs may contribute to the spread of ZIKV in placenta and promote vertical transmission of ZIKV, ultimately compromising fetal and neonatal development and function. Current evidence strongly suggests that further studies are warranted to dissect the specific molecular mechanism through which ZIKV infects HBCs and its potential impact on the development of CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Simoni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kellie Ann Jurado
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Jurado KA, Simoni MK, Tang Z, Uraki R, Hwang J, Householder S, Wu M, Lindenbach BD, Abrahams VM, Guller S, Fikrig E. Zika virus productively infects primary human placenta-specific macrophages. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27595140 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong association of Zika virus infection with congenital defects has led to questions of how a flavivirus is capable of crossing the placental barrier to reach the fetal brain. Here, we demonstrate permissive Zika virus infection of primary human placental macrophages, commonly referred to as Hofbauer cells, and placental villous fibroblasts. We also demonstrate Zika virus infection of Hofbauer cells within the context of the tissue ex vivo using term placental villous explants. In addition to amplifying infectious virus within a usually inaccessible area, the putative migratory activities of Hofbauer cells may aid in dissemination of Zika virus to the fetal brain. Understanding the susceptibility of placenta-specific cell types will aid future work around and understanding of Zika virus-associated pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Ann Jurado
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael K Simoni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jesse Hwang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sarah Householder
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mingjie Wu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brett D Lindenbach
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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Kramer DE, Yen YM, Simoni MK, Miller PE, Micheli LJ, Kocher MS, Heyworth BE. Surgical management of osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the patella and trochlea in the pediatric and adolescent population. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:654-62. [PMID: 25556222 DOI: 10.1177/0363546514562174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of published data regarding the management of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the patellofemoral joint in children and adolescents. PURPOSE To evaluate the functional outcomes of surgical management of OCD lesions of the patella and trochlea in children and adolescents. Secondary aims included elucidating predictors for higher functional outcomes and determining complication rates, surgical satisfaction, and ability to return to sports. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Patients aged 18 years and younger who were surgically treated for OCD of the patella or trochlea were identified. Charts were queried to record patient/lesion data, surgical procedure, results, and complications. Pre- and postoperative imaging was reviewed. Patients were asked to complete a follow-up athletic questionnaire and a Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted to look for predictors for reoperation, residual pain, ability to return to sports, and lower Pedi-IKDC scores. RESULTS A total of 26 children (9 females, 17 males, 3 with bilateral lesions; thus, 29 lesions) were identified. The mean age was 14.7 years (range, 9-18, years), 21 of the 29 knees with lesions (72%) had open physes, and median follow-up was 3.8 years (range, 1-9 years). The most common location was the trochlea (17/29 lesions; 59%). Twenty-two lesions (76%) underwent transarticular drilling (n = 14) or drilling with fixation (n = 8), while 7 underwent excision and marrow stimulation. Four patients (14%) required unplanned reoperation. Internal fixation was predictive of reoperation (odds ratio [OR] = 8.7; 95% CI, 2.8-26.9; P = .04). At final follow-up, 14 knees (48%) were pain free, and 14 (48%) had mild residual pain. Female sex was predictive of residual pain (OR, 9; 95% CI, 2-56; P = .02). Twenty-two patients (85%) returned to sports. Longer duration of preoperative pain negatively affected return to sports (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.05-0.97; P = .04). On postoperative MRI, the lesion appeared completely healed in 2 cases (18%) and partially healed in 9 cases (82%). All 15 survey respondents were satisfied with surgery. The mean Pedi-IKDC score was 82.4 ± 17.8 (range, 40.2-100). CONCLUSION Surgical treatment of patellofemoral OCD in children and adolescents produces a high rate of satisfaction and return to sports. Female sex, prolonged duration of symptoms, and internal fixation may be associated with worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E Kramer
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi-Meng Yen
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Patricia E Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lyle J Micheli
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mininder S Kocher
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benton E Heyworth
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Missios S, Harris BT, Dodge CP, Simoni MK, Costine BA, Lee YL, Quebada PB, Hillier SC, Adams LB, Duhaime AC. Scaled cortical impact in immature swine: effect of age and gender on lesion volume. J Neurotrauma 2010; 26:1943-51. [PMID: 19469691 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The piglet scaled cortical impact model creates a focal contusion using a skull-mounted, spring-loaded blunt indentation device scaled to achieve identical tissue strains in subjects with different brain sizes. Preliminary data showed that contusion size increased proportional to subject age. This study details the results from a new, larger series of subjects of three ages, and compares the effect of age and additional host and physiologic variables on injury response. Sixty-seven subjects, including infant (5- to 7-day-old), "toddler" (1-month-old), and early adolescent (4-month-old) swine underwent scaled cortical impact under strict anesthetic protocols. Serum glucose, testosterone, and 17beta-estradiol levels were measured. Lesion size was measured at 1 week post injury, as the ratio of the lesion area over the area of the contralateral hemisphere. Adolescent subjects had lesions over eight times larger than infants (p < 0.0001). Lesion volumes were larger in toddlers than in infants, most significantly for males (p < 0.05). Adolescent subjects were warmer on average, but there was no correlation between temperature and lesion volume within any age group. Serum glucose did not differ among ages. Infant males had the highest levels of circulating sex steroids. In this model, age was the most robust predictor of lesion size. Temperature had an effect, but did not explain all the variability seen among age groups. There was an interaction among gender, hormone levels, and lesion size in younger subjects. Characterization of these variables allows use of this model for treatment trials for subjects at different stages of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symeon Missios
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
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Missios S, Harris BT, Simoni MK, Dodge CP, Costine BA, Quebada PB, Hillier SC, Adams LB, Duhaime AC, Lee YL. Scaled cortical impact in immature swine: effect of age and gender on lesion volume. J Neurotrauma 2009. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009-0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a tryptophan metabolite that is synthesized and released by astrocytes and acts as a competitive antagonist of the glycine site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors at high concentrations and as a noncompetitive antagonist of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at low concentrations. The discovery of increased cortical KYNA levels in schizophrenia prompted the hypothesis that elevated KYNA concentration may underlie the working memory dysfunction observed in this population that has been attributed to altered glutamatergic and/or cholinergic transmission. The present study investigated the effect of elevated endogenous KYNA on spatial working memory function in rats. Increased KYNA levels were achieved with intraperitoneal administration of kynurenine (100 mg/kg), the precursor of KYNA synthesis. Rats were treated with either kynurenine or a vehicle solution prior to testing in a radial arm maze task at various delays. Elevations of endogenous KYNA resulted in increased errors in the radial arm maze. In separate experiments, assessment of locomotor activity in an open field and latency to retrieve food reward from one of the maze arms ruled out the possibility that deficits in the maze were attributable to altered locomotor activity or motivation to consume food. These results provide evidence that increased KYNA levels produce spatial working memory deficits and are among the first to demonstrate the influence of glia-derived molecules on cognitive function. The implications for psychopathological conditions such as schizophrenia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Chess
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6207 Moore Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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MacLeod JE, Potter AS, Simoni MK, Bucci DJ. Nicotine administration enhances conditioned inhibition in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 551:76-9. [PMID: 17027751 PMCID: PMC1829413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nicotine on conditioned inhibition was examined using a serial feature negative discrimination task. Nicotine (0.35 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered before each of the 16 training sessions. On some trials in each session, a tone was presented and followed by food reward. On other trials, the tone was preceded by a visual stimulus and not reinforced. Nicotine-treated rats exhibited greater discrimination between the two trial types as evidenced by less frequent responding during non-reinforced trials, and learned the discrimination in fewer sessions than vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, there were no group differences in responding during the reinforced trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. MacLeod
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Alexandra S. Potter
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05401 USA
| | - Michael K. Simoni
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - David J. Bucci
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
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