1
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Burbrink CM, Straw CM. Spatiotemporal variability of a stadium football pitch during a professional tournament. SPORTS ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12283-023-00399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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2
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Xie K, Lyu Y, Zhang X, Song R. How Compliance of Surfaces Affects Ankle Moment and Stiffness Regulation During Walking. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:726051. [PMID: 34676201 PMCID: PMC8523823 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.726051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can regulate ankle moment and stiffness to cope with various surfaces during walking, while the effect of surfaces compliance on ankle moment and stiffness regulations remains unclear. In order to find the underlying mechanism, ten healthy subjects were recruited to walk across surfaces with different levels of compliance. Electromyography (EMG), ground reaction forces (GRFs), and three-dimensional reflective marker trajectories were recorded synchronously. Ankle moment and stiffness were estimated using an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model. Our results showed that the compliance of surfaces can affect both ankle moment and stiffness regulations during walking. When the compliance of surfaces increased, the ankle moment increased to prevent lower limb collapse and the ankle stiffness increased to maintain stability during the mid-stance phase of gait. Our work improved the understanding of gait biomechanics and might be instructive to sports surface design and passive multibody model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Song
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Influence of Artificial Turf Surface Stiffness on Athlete Performance. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10120340. [PMID: 33321869 PMCID: PMC7763131 DOI: 10.3390/life10120340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of conventional playing surfaces have been investigated for many years and the stiffness of the surface has potential to influence athletic performance. However, despite the proliferation of different infilled artificial turfs with varying properties, the effect of surface stiffness of these types of surfaces on athlete performance remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to determine the influence of surface stiffness of artificial turf systems on athlete performance. Seventeen male athletes performed four movements (running, 5-10-5 agility, vertical jumping and sprinting) on five surfaces of varying stiffness: Softest (-50%), Softer (-34%), Soft (-16%), Control, Stiff (+17%). Performance metrics (running economy, jump height, sprint/agility time) and kinematic data were recorded during each movement and participants performed a subjective evaluation of the surface. When compared to the Control surface, performance was significantly improved during running (Softer, Soft), the agility drill (Softest) and vertical jumping (Soft). Subjectively, participants could not discern between any of the softer surfaces in terms of surface cushioning, however, the stiffer surface was rated as harder and less comfortable. Overall, changes in surface stiffness altered athletic performance and, to a lesser extent, subjective assessments of performance, with changes in performance being surface and movement specific.
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4
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Colino E, Felipe JL, Van Hooren B, Gallardo L, Meijer K, Lucia A, Lopez-Fernandez J, Garcia-Unanue J. Mechanical Properties of Treadmill Surfaces Compared to Other Overground Sport Surfaces. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20143822. [PMID: 32659884 PMCID: PMC7412192 DOI: 10.3390/s20143822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the surfaces used for exercising can affect sports performance and injury risk. However, the mechanical properties of treadmill surfaces remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the shock absorption (SA), vertical deformation (VD) and energy restitution (ER) of different treadmill models and to compare them with those of other sport surfaces. A total of 77 treadmills, 30 artificial turf pitches and 30 athletics tracks were assessed using an advanced artificial athlete device. Differences in the mechanical properties between the surfaces and treadmill models were evaluated using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The treadmills were found to exhibit the highest SA of all the surfaces (64.2 ± 2; p < 0.01; effect size (ES) = 0.96), while their VD (7.6 ± 1.3; p < 0.01; ES = 0.87) and ER (45 ± 11; p < 0.01; ES = 0.51) were between the VDs of the artificial turf and track. The SA (p < 0.01; ES = 0.69), VD (p < 0.01; ES = 0.90) and ER (p < 0.01; ES = 0.89) were also shown to differ between treadmill models. The differences between the treadmills commonly used in fitness centers were much lower than differences between the treadmills and track surfaces, but they were sometimes larger than the differences with artificial turf. The treadmills used in clinical practice and research were shown to exhibit widely varying mechanical properties. The results of this study demonstrate that the mechanical properties (SA, VD and ER) of treadmill surfaces differ significantly from those of overground sport surfaces such as artificial turf and athletics track surfaces but also asphalt or concrete. These different mechanical properties of treadmills may affect treadmill running performance, injury risk and the generalizability of research performed on treadmills to overground locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Colino
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-925-26-88-00
| | - Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.V.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.V.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12’), 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Lopez-Fernandez
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12’), 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Science, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
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5
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Colino E, Corral-Gómez L, Rodríguez-Rosa D, Juárez-Pérez S, García-Unanue J, González-Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Felipe JL, Gallardo L, Castillo-García FJ. Novel Methodology for Football Rebound Test Method. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061688. [PMID: 32197372 PMCID: PMC7146741 DOI: 10.3390/s20061688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assessing and keeping control of the mechanical properties of sport surfaces is a relevant task in sports since it enables athletes to train and compete safely and under equal conditions. Currently, different tests are used for assessing athlete- and ball-surface interactions in artificial turf pitches. In order to make these evaluations more agile and accessible for every facility, it is important to develop new apparatus that enable to perform the tests in an easier and quicker way. The existing equipment for determining the vertical ball behavior requires a complex and non-easily transportable device in which the ball must be fixed to the upper part of the frame in a very precise position by means of a magnet. The rebound height is determined by capturing the acoustic signal produced when the ball bounces on the turf. When extended tests are conducted, the time required to evaluate a single field is too high due to the non-valid trials. This work proposes a novel methodology which allows to notoriously decrease the time of testing fields maintaining the repeatability and accuracy of the test method together with a compact device for improving its mobility and transport. Simulations and experiments demonstrates the repeatability and accuracy of the results obtained by the proposed device, which decreases the non-valid trials and notoriously reduces the time for field evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Colino
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.); (J.G.-U.); (L.G.)
| | - Lis Corral-Gómez
- School of Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.-G.); (D.R.-R.); (S.J.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - David Rodríguez-Rosa
- School of Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.-G.); (D.R.-R.); (S.J.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Sergio Juárez-Pérez
- School of Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.-G.); (D.R.-R.); (S.J.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Jorge García-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.); (J.G.-U.); (L.G.)
| | - Antonio González-Rodríguez
- School of Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.-G.); (D.R.-R.); (S.J.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- School of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- School of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.); (J.G.-U.); (L.G.)
| | - Fernando Jose Castillo-García
- School of Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.-G.); (D.R.-R.); (S.J.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Page RM, Langley B, Finlay MJ, Greig M, Brogden C. The cumulative and residual fatigue response associated with soccer-specific activity performed on different playing surfaces. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:568-575. [PMID: 32019482 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1717303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of playing surface (Natural [NT] and Artificial [AT] Turf) on the fatigue response to a soccer-specific exercise protocol (SSEP). Eighteen male soccer players completed the SSEP on NT and AT with pre-, post-, and 48 h post-assessments of eccentric knee flexor (eccKF) and concentric knee extensor peak torque (PT), peak countermovement (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) height, and Nordic hamstring break angle. No significant main effects for surface or any surface and time interactions were observed for any of the outcome measures, except for eccKF PT recorded at 3.14 rad·s-1, which was significantly lower 48 h post-trial in the AT condition (AT = 146.3 ± 20.4 Nm; NT = 158.8 ± 24.7 Nm). Main effects for time were observed between pre- and post-trial measures for eccKF PT at all angular velocities, Nordic break angle, CMJ and SJ height. Nordic break angle, and both CMJ and SJ height were significantly impaired 48 h post-trial when compared to pre-trial. The findings of the current study suggest surface dependent changes in eccKF PT which may have implications for recovery and subsequent performance after competition on AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Michael Page
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Ben Langley
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Mitchell James Finlay
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Matt Greig
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Christopher Brogden
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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7
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Ravizza A, De Maria C, Di Pietro L, Sternini F, Audenino AL, Bignardi C. Comprehensive Review on Current and Future Regulatory Requirements on Wearable Sensors in Preclinical and Clinical Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:313. [PMID: 31781554 PMCID: PMC6857326 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical devices are designed, tested, and placed on the market in a highly regulated environment. Wearable sensors are crucial components of various medical devices: design and validation of wearable sensors, if managed according to international standards, can foster innovation while respecting regulatory requirements. The purpose of this paper is to review the upcoming European Union (EU) Medical Device Regulations 2017/745 and 2017/746, the current and future International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards that set methods for design and validation of medical devices, with a focus on wearable sensors. Risk classification according to the regulation is described. The international standards IEC 62304, IEC 60601, ISO 14971, and ISO 13485 are reviewed to define regulatory restrictions during design, pre-clinical validation and clinical validation of devices that include wearable sensors as crucial components. This paper is not about any specific innovation but it is a toolbox for interpreting current and future regulatory restrictions; an integrated method for design planning, validation and clinical testing is proposed. Application of this method to design wearable sensors should be evaluated in the future in order to assess its potentially positive impact to fostering innovation and to ensure timely development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Information Engineering Department, Research Center "Enrico Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Licia Di Pietro
- Information Engineering Department, Research Center "Enrico Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Sternini
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L Audenino
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignardi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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8
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Sánchez-Sánchez J, Gallardo-Guerrero AM, García-Gallart A, Sánchez-Sáez JA, Felipe JL, Encarnación-Martínez A. Influence of the structural components of artificial turf systems on impact attenuation in amateur football players. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7774. [PMID: 31123289 PMCID: PMC6533268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of the structural components of different 3rd generation artificial turf football field systems on the biomechanical response of impact attenuation in amateur football players. A total of 12 amateur football players (24.3 ± 3.7 years, 73.5 ± 5.5 kg, 178.3 ± 4.1 cm and 13.7 ± 4.3 years of sport experience) were evaluated on three third generation artificial turf systems (ATS) with different structural components. ATS were composed of asphalt sub-base and 45 mm of fibre height with (ATS1) and without (ATS2) elastic layer or compacted granular sub-base, 60 mm of fibre height without elastic layer (ATS3). Two triaxial accelerometers were firmly taped to the forehead and the distal end of the right tibia of each individual. The results reveal a higher force reduction on ATS3 in comparison to ATS1 (+6.24%, CI95%: 1.67 to 10.92, ES: 1.07; p < 0.05) and ATS2 (+21.08%, CI95%: 16.51 to 25.66, ES: 2.98; p < 0.05) elastic layer. Tibia acceleration rate was lower on ATS3 than ATS1 (-0.32, CI95%: -0.60 to -0.03, ES: 4.23; p < 0.05) and ATS2 (-0.35, CI95%: -0.64 to -0.06; ES: 4.69; p < 0.05) at 3.3 m/s. A very large correlation (r = 0.7 to 0.9; p < 0.05) was found between energy restitution and fibre height in both head and tibial peak acceleration and stride time. In conclusion, structural components (fibre height, infill, sub-base and elastic layer) determine the mechanical properties of artificial turf fields. A higher force reduction and lower energy restitution diminished the impact received by the player which could protect against injuries associated with impacts compared to harder artificial turf surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, School of Sport Sciences, Villaviciosa de Odón-Madrid, 28670, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - José L Felipe
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, School of Sport Sciences, Villaviciosa de Odón-Madrid, 28670, Spain
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Hatfield DL, Murphy KM, Nicoll JX, Sullivan WM, Henderson J. Effects of Different Athletic Playing Surfaces on Jump Height, Force, and Power. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:965-973. [PMID: 30741878 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hatfield, DL, Murphy, KM, Nicoll, JX, Sullivan, WM, and Henderson, J. Effects of different athletic playing surfaces on jump height, force, and power. J Strength Cond Res 33(4): 965-973, 2019-Artificial turfs (ATs) have become more commonplace. Some aspects of performance such as speed seem to be better on ATs, but there are few published studies on the effects of playing surfaces on performance. Furthermore, there is no research that compares performance on ATs, hard surfaces (HSs), and different composite natural surfaces. Forty-three subjects, 21 men (age: 20 ± 1.82 years; height: 177.53 ± 5.87 cm; body mass: 78.44 ± 11.59 kg; and body fat: 11.17 ± 4.45%) and 22 women (age: 25 ± 1.32 years; height: 161.37 ± 6.47 cm; body mass: 60.94 ± 10.24 kg; and body fat: 27.16 ± 7.08%) performed a single countermovement jump (SCMJ), repeated CMJs (RCMJs), and single depth jump (SDJ) on 4 different playing surfaces (peat soil composition turf [NT1], sandy loam composition turf [NT2], 1 AT, and 1 HS. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc was used to calculate differences in performance across playing surfaces. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Force and jump height were not different across different surfaces. Men had significantly higher force, power, and jump height on all surfaces. Only SCMJ power was lower on NT1 compared with all other surfaces. The difference in power between surfaces was not reproduced when RCMJ and SDJ were performed, and may be due to the increased reactiveness of the stretch-shortening cycle during those jumps. Because of marginal differences between athletic performance and playing surface type, future research comparing playing surface type and other aspects of athletic success such as rate of injury should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disa L Hatfield
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Kelly M Murphy
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Justin X Nicoll
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - William M Sullivan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Jason Henderson
- Turfgrass and Soil Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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10
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Hales ME, Johnson JD. The Influence of Sport-Field Properties on Muscle-Recruitment Patterns and Metabolic Response. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:83-90. [PMID: 29893589 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate different sport-field properties' influence on muscle-recruitment patterns and metabolic response during a series of running and agility drills. METHODS Eleven male athletes were fitted with a standard multipurpose training shoe. The test protocol consisting of 4 high-intensity trials with 60-s rests between trials performed on 2 fields with different properties. Time-dependent field properties were measured using the American Standards for Testing and Materials protocol (F-1936). A 30-m pretest and posttest sprint determined fatigue and player performance. Electromyography (EMG) recorded muscle activity for vastus medialis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medial head, and tibialis anterior, and metabolic activity analyzed maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, metabolic equivalent, and energy expenditure. RESULTS A difference was calculated for muscle activity across trials (P = .01) for both surfaces. Muscle activity was <13% on the field with less energy return (P = .01). Metabolic components (maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, metabolic equivalent, and energy expenditure) were significantly different across trials (P = .01) but not significantly different between fields. The participants completed the agility course (5.2%) faster on the field with greater energy return, while caloric expenditure was similar between fields. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that field mechanical properties influence muscle-activation patterns. The field demonstrating the greatest magnitude of energy return produces the lowest sprint and agility course times; however, performing on a field exhibiting unfamiliar mechanical properties could cause the athlete to produce atypical movement patterns that might contribute to overuse of the neuromuscular system.
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11
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Tiernan S, O’Sullivan D, Byrne G. Repeatability and Reliability Evaluation of a Wireless Head-band Sensor. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2018.20.4.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Straw CM, Samson CO, Henry GM, Brown CN. Does variability within natural turfgrass sports fields influence ground-derived injuries? Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:893-902. [PMID: 29614918 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1457083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural turfgrass sports fields exhibit within-field variations due to climatic conditions, field construction, field management, and foot traffic patterns from field usage. Variations within a field could influence the playing surface predictability and require athletes to make abrupt or frequent adjustments that lead to increased ground-derived injury occurrence. This study introduces a new methodology aimed at evaluating the potential relationship between within-field variations of turfgrass sports field properties and ground-derived athlete injuries. Collegiate Club Sport athletes self-reported ground-derived injuries over two years. Soil moisture, turfgrass quality, surface hardness, and turfgrass shear strength were quantified from their two home fields. Hot spot analysis identified significantly high (hot spots) and low (cold spots) values within the fields. Injury locations were compared to hot spot maps each month. Binomial proportion tests determined if there were differences between observed injury proportions and expected proportions. Twenty-three ground-derived injuries were reported overall. The observed injury proportions occurring in turfgrass quality cold spots [0.52 (95% CI 0.29-0.76)] and soil moisture hot spots [0.43 (95% CI 0.22-0.66)] was significantly higher than expected [0.20 (p < .001) and 0.21 (p < .05), respectively]. Most injuries in significant areas of turfgrass quality, soil moisture, and surface hardness were along edges of hot and cold spots. These results suggest a potential relationship between within-field variations and ground-derived injuries, particularly in transition areas between non-significant and significant high and low values. Future larger-scale studies can incorporate the reported methodology to validate this relationship and implement strategies that reduce ground-derived injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase M Straw
- a Department of Crop and Soil Sciences , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.,b Department of Horticultural Science , University of Minnesota , Saint Paul , MN , USA
| | | | - Gerald M Henry
- a Department of Crop and Soil Sciences , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Cathleen N Brown
- c Department of Kinesiology , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.,d College of Public Health and Human Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA
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13
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Eijnde WVD, Masen M, Lamers E, van de Kerkhof P, Peppelman M, Erp PV. The load tolerance of skin during impact on artificial turf using ex-vivo skin as the readout system. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1390593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert van den Eijnde
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Masen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter van de Kerkhof
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Malou Peppelman
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Van Erp
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Nano-Composite Foam Sensor System in Football Helmets. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:2742-2749. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Ragaert K, Delva L, Van Damme N, Kuzmanovic M, Hubo S, Cardon L. Microstructural foundations of the strength and resilience of LLDPE artificial turf yarn. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ragaert
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Ghent University; Technologie Park 915 Gent 9052 Belgium
| | - L. Delva
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Ghent University; Technologie Park 915 Gent 9052 Belgium
| | - N. Van Damme
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Ghent University; Technologie Park 915 Gent 9052 Belgium
| | - M. Kuzmanovic
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Ghent University; Technologie Park 915 Gent 9052 Belgium
| | - S. Hubo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Ghent University; Technologie Park 915 Gent 9052 Belgium
| | - L. Cardon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Ghent University; Technologie Park 915 Gent 9052 Belgium
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Barreira P, Robinson MA, Drust B, Nedergaard N, Raja Azidin RMF, Vanrenterghem J. Mechanical Player Load™ using trunk-mounted accelerometry in football: Is it a reliable, task- and player-specific observation? J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1674-1681. [PMID: 27598850 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1229015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine reliability and construct convergent validity of Player Load™ (PL) from trunk-mounted accelerometry, expressed as a cumulative measure and an intensity measure (PL · min-1). Fifteen male participants twice performed an overground football match simulation that included four different multidirectional football actions (jog, side cut, stride and sprint) whilst wearing a trunk-mounted accelerometer inbuilt in a global positioning system unit. Results showed a moderate-to-high reliability as indicated by the intra-class correlation coefficient (0.806-0.949) and limits of agreement. Convergent validity analysis showed considerable between-participant variation (coefficient of variation range 14.5-24.5%), which was not explained from participant demographics despite a negative association with body height for the stride task. Between-task variations generally showed a moderate correlation between ranking of participants for PL (0.593-0.764) and PL · min-1 (0.282-0.736). It was concluded that monitoring PL® in football multidirectional actions presents moderate-to-high reliability, that between-participant variability most likely relies on the individual's locomotive skills and not their anthropometrics, and that the intensity of a task expressed by PL · min-1 is largely related to the running velocity of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Barreira
- a Sport Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , England
| | - Mark A Robinson
- a Sport Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , England
| | - Barry Drust
- a Sport Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , England
| | - Niels Nedergaard
- a Sport Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , England
| | | | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- a Sport Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , England
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Owen A, Smith AC, Osei-Owusu P, Harland A, Roberts JR. Elite players’ perceptions of football playing surfaces: a mixed effects ordinal logistic regression model of players’ perceptions. J Appl Stat 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2016.1177500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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