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Vivekananda K, McDowell C, Knipe K, McMaster C, Rahimi F, Richards M, Salvini S. Professional bereavement photography for perinatal loss: A mixed-methods study. DEATH STUDIES 2024; 48:489-499. [PMID: 37489063 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2237440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses research gaps regarding the impact of professional bereavement photography for perinatal loss. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, 504 parents completed an online survey measuring their attitudes toward bereavement photography and its impact. Thirty-one parents participated in semi-structured interviews. The results indicate a high level of acceptability and satisfaction for professional bereavement photography by parents (including those from more diverse backgrounds). Data triangulation confirmed that photos are valuable in enfranchising grief, validating parental and babies' identities and facilitating connections with others. Significant correlations were found for sharing of photos with both positive attitudes toward photography and for continuing bonds. The expression of continuing bonds in public social media spaces suggests increased social acceptance and validation for grieving perinatal losses. The findings from this study further inform practice guidelines for supporting perinatal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Vivekananda
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chiara McDowell
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kayleigh Knipe
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charlotte McMaster
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fatima Rahimi
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mia Richards
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Salvini
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Bayrı Bingöl F, Karaçam Yılmaz ZD, Topaloğlu S. Partners in Pain, Two Sides of a Zipper - Midwives' Experiences With Stillbirth: A Qualitative Study. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241235429. [PMID: 38404056 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241235429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore and understand the experiences of midwives who care for women experiencing stillbirth and the challenges they face in this process. A qualitative study was conducted with 11 midwives using the phenomenological method. Descriptive analysis of the data revealed four main themes: 1) Silent screams in the face of despair (women's reactions to stillbirth), 2) Being a partner in pain, "two sides of a zipper" (midwives' experience of stillbirth), 3) Efforts to cope with the pain, and 4) Just two words: "if only." The impact of stillbirths on midwives should not be disregarded. Emotions such as shock, horror, fear, guilt, and anger experienced by midwives following a stillbirth can adversely affect their mental health. The guilt experienced by midwives can also negatively impact their health and quality of life, as well as cause burnout and distancing from the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Bayrı Bingöl
- Midwifery Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Dilşah Karaçam Yılmaz
- Midwifery Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Seçil Topaloğlu
- Midwifery Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Cacciatore J. The most painful estrangement: Death at birth. Semin Perinatol 2024; 48:151870. [PMID: 38129243 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
More than two million babies a year die during or before birth around the world, evoking grief that is traumatic. Because the psychological, physical, social, and emotional ramifications of grief following a baby's death are so enduring and intense, social support is essential to helping families cope. In particular, emotional acts of caring and judicious use of language are crucial, avoiding the use of the terms that belittle the value of the baby's life and the importance of the baby as part of a family history. Traumatic grief informed continuing education can aid providers in increasing sensitivity to the needs of grieving families and minimize additional trauma and suffering in the aftermath of such loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Cacciatore
- School of Social Work, Trauma and Bereavement Program, Arizona State University, USA.
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Brintow MB, Prinds C, O'Connor M, Möller S, Henriksen TB, Mørk S, Hvidtjørn D. Continuing bonds in parents after a loss in pregnancy, or a death at or shortly after birth: A population-based study. DEATH STUDIES 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38145415 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2297059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe continuing bonds and grief reactions and assess their association in 980 parents bereaved in pregnancy, at or shortly after birth. We found that most parents experienced continuing bonds. However, they differed by type of loss. Parents losing their child due to termination of pregnancy or miscarriage experienced bonds less frequently and had the least intense grief reaction. Parents losing their child postpartum experienced bonds most frequently and had the most intense grief reaction. Continuing bonds were associated with intensified grief in parents losing their child after termination or miscarriage, while this relationship was less obvious after stillbirth or postpartum death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Prinds
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Maja O'Connor
- Unit for Bereavement Research, Department of Psychology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Data Exploratory Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine Brink Henriksen
- Child and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sofie Mørk
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Hvidtjørn
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Martínez-Esquivel D, Muñoz-Rojas D, García-Hernández AM. Continuing bonds in men grieving a loved one. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31:e4010. [PMID: 37820217 PMCID: PMC10557389 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6753.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to examine internalized and externalized continuing bonds in men grieving a loved one. METHOD a correlational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Convenience sample comprised by 170 mourning men. The variables were mediators of mourning, continuing bonds and sociodemographic data. The instrument used was an online questionnaire comprised by mediators of mourning, a continuing bonds scale and sociodemographic data. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Spearman's coefficient were used. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. RESULTS the participants' mean age was 36.61 years old (SD=13.40), and 80.00% had Higher Education. The mean values corresponding to internalized and externalized continuing bonds were 24.85 (SD=7.93) and 7.68 (SD=2.33), respectively. Significant differences were established referring to internalized and externalized continuing bonds in terms of kinship with the deceased person (p<0.001), and none with the cause of death or with the time elapsed since the event. No significant correlations were defined between internalized/externalized continuing bonds and mediators of mourning. CONCLUSION grieving men express internalized and externalized continuing bonds frequently and occasionally, respectively, with differences according to who the deceased person was. The Nursing discipline might devise specific strategies that strengthen coping with grief in this population group. (1) It was usual to continue the bond with the deceased loved one. (2) The expression of internalized continuing bonds was frequent after the death. (3) When facing the loss, there was occasional expression of externalized continuing bonds. (4) There were differences in internalized and externalized continuing bonds according to kinship. (5) There were no associations between continuing bonds and mediators of mourning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez-Esquivel
- Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
- Becario de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Derby Muñoz-Rojas
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Enfermería, Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
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Cao J, An G, Li J, Wang L, Ren K, Du Q, Yun K, Wang Y, Sun J. Combined metabolomics and tandem machine-learning models for wound age estimation: a novel analytical strategy. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:50-61. [PMID: 37415796 PMCID: PMC10265958 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound age estimation is one of the most challenging and indispensable issues for forensic pathologists. Although many methods based on physical findings and biochemical tests can be used to estimate wound age, an objective and reliable method for inferring the time interval after injury remains difficult. In the present study, endogenous metabolites of contused skeletal muscle were investigated to estimate the time interval after injury. Animal model of skeletal muscle injury was established using Sprague-Dawley rat, and the contused muscles were sampled at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 h postcontusion (n = 9). Then, the samples were analysed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 43 differential metabolites in contused muscle were determined by metabolomics method. They were applied to construct a two-level tandem prediction model for wound age estimation based on multilayer perceptron algorithm. As a result, all muscle samples were eventually divided into the following subgroups: 4, 8, 12, 16-20, 24-32, 36-40, and 44-48 h. The tandem model exhibited a robust performance and achieved a prediction accuracy of 92.6%, which was much higher than that of the single model. In summary, the multilayer perceptron-multilayer perceptron tandem machine-learning model based on metabolomics data can be used as a novel strategy for wound age estimation in future forensic casework. Key Points The changes of metabolite profile were correlated with the time interval after injury in contused skeletal muscle.A panel of 43 endogenous metabolites screened by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry could distinguish the wound ages.The multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm exhibited a robust performance in wound age estimation using metabolites.The combination of matabolomics and MLP-MLP tandem model could improve the accuracy of inferring the time interval after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Kang Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qiuxiang Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Keming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yingyuan Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
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Actis Danna V, Lavender T, Laisser R, Chimwaza A, Chisuse I, Kasengele CT, Kimaro D, Kuzenza FD, Lyangenda K, Mwamadi M, Shayo H, Tuwele K, Wakasiaka S, Bedwell C. Exploring the impact of healthcare workers communication with women who have experienced stillbirth in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia. A grounded theory study. Women Birth 2023; 36:e25-e35. [PMID: 35440427 PMCID: PMC9880556 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communication and interaction with healthcare workers at the time of stillbirth remain in parents' long-term memories and impact on emotional and psychological well-being. Cultural attitudes and norms influence how stillbirth is acknowledged and discussed in society. There is limited evidence on how women from sub-Saharan Africa became aware of the death of their babies. This research explored how women perceived the approach adopted by healthcare workers when the news of their stillbirth was disclosed to them. METHODS Grounded theory study. Women (n = 33) who had birthed a stillborn baby in the preceding 12 months were purposively sampled and participated in in-depth interviews (9 in Zambia, 16 in Tanzania and 8 in Malawi). Informed consent was gained from all participants. Data were analysed via a coding process using constant comparative analysis. FINDINGS Women sacrificed individualized and personal grieving strategies to conform and behave according to what was expected within their community. An overarching theme of cultural conformity overrides personal grief incorporated four sub-themes: perceiving something was wrong, the unexpected outcome, experience contrasting emotions, bonding with the baby. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Most participants embarked on a negative 'emotion work' to adapt and suppress emotions and grief due to cultural expectations. Inability to voice the trauma of losing a baby may lead to perinatal mental health issues and needs addressing. Maternity healthcare workers should encourage women to express their feelings and grief. Appropriate training in perinatal bereavement care including good communication, appropriate attitudes and provision of meaningful information to grieving women is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Actis Danna
- Centre for Childbirth, Women’s and Newborn Health, Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK,Correspondence to: Centre for Childbirth, Women’s and Newborn Health, Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA UK.
| | - Tina Lavender
- Centre for Childbirth, Women’s and Newborn Health, Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Rose Laisser
- Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | - Debora Kimaro
- Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Flora D. Kuzenza
- Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Milcah Mwamadi
- NIHR Global Health Group Community Engagement and Involvement (CEI) Group, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Happiness Shayo
- Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Khuzuet Tuwele
- University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sabina Wakasiaka
- College of Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carol Bedwell
- Centre for Childbirth, Women’s and Newborn Health, Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK
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Zhou N, Sun Y, She Z, Xu X, Peng Y, Liu X, Xi J. Grief and growth among Chinese parents who lost their only child: the role of positive and negative experiences of social support from different sources. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2079874. [PMID: 35695884 PMCID: PMC9176330 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2079874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, bereaved parents who have lost their only child are known as Shidu parents, and they tend to present high levels of prolonged grief reactions. To date, a widespread focus has been placed on positive social support, while potential negative experiences have been relatively neglected. Additionally, the role of social support from different sources (i.e. close family members [partner, siblings, grandchildren], peers, and others [relatives, friends, colleagues]) has not been examined thoroughly. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether social support from different sources has a differential impact on postloss adaptation (i.e. prolonged grief and growth). The loss-orientated and restoration-orientated coping strategies of the dual process model were also tested for their mediating roles. METHODS A total of 277 Chinese Shidu parents were recruited to complete a series of questionnaires including social support from different sources, prolonged grief symptoms, posttraumatic growth, and dual process coping strategies. Correlation analyses, paired sample t tests and structural equation modelling were conducted. RESULTS More positive support were related to less prolonged grief symptoms and more posttraumatic growth, while more negative support was only related to more prolonged grief. Positive support from close family members and others was significantly related to prolonged grief/growth, and negative support from these sources was significantly positively associated with prolonged grief. Positive or negative support from people who shared a similar experience was unrelated to prolonged grief/growth. Positive and negative support were related to prolonged grief and growth through loss-oriented coping strategies. CONCLUSION Overall, the present study indicated that positive and negative support experiences from different sources functioned differently in the recovery of Chinese Shidu parents and that loss-oriented coping played a mediating role. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating social support by traits in coping with grief and the crucial mediating role of loss-oriented coping. HIGHLIGHTS More positive support correlated with less prolonged grief and more growth, while more negative support correlated with more prolonged grief.Support from family members and friends was more potent than that from peers.Social Support correlated with prolonged grief/growth through loss-oriented coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang She
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juzhe Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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