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Chou WC, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. An Interactive Generic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) Modeling Platform to Predict Drug Withdrawal Intervals in Cattle and Swine: A Case Study on Flunixin, Florfenicol and Penicillin G. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:180-197. [PMID: 35642931 PMCID: PMC9333411 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Violative chemical residues in edible tissues from food-producing animals are of global public health concern. Great efforts have been made to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for estimating withdrawal intervals (WDIs) for extralabel prescribed drugs in food animals. Existing models are insufficient to address the food safety concern as these models are either limited to 1 specific drug or difficult to be used by non-modelers. This study aimed to develop a user-friendly generic PBPK platform that can predict tissue residues and estimate WDIs for multiple drugs including flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G in cattle and swine. Mechanism-based in silico methods were used to predict tissue/plasma partition coefficients and the models were calibrated and evaluated with pharmacokinetic data from Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD). Results showed that model predictions were, in general, within a 2-fold factor of experimental data for all 3 drugs in both species. Following extralabel administration and respective U.S. FDA-approved tolerances, predicted WDIs for both cattle and swine were close to or slightly longer than FDA-approved label withdrawal times (eg, predicted 8, 28, and 7 days vs labeled 4, 28, and 4 days for flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G in cattle, respectively). The final model was converted to a web-based interactive generic PBPK platform. This PBPK platform serves as a user-friendly quantitative tool for real-time predictions of WDIs for flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G following FDA-approved label or extralabel use in both cattle and swine, and provides a basis for extrapolating to other drugs and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chou
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.,1Data Consortium,Kansas State University, Olathe, KS, 66061, USA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL, 32608, USA
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2
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Li M, Mainquist-Whigham C, Karriker LA, Wulf LW, Zeng D, Gehring R, Riviere JE, Coetzee JF, Lin Z. An integrated experimental and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling study of penicillin G in heavy sows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:461-475. [PMID: 31012501 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Penicillin G is widely used in food-producing animals at extralabel doses and is one of the most frequently identified violative drug residues in animal-derived food products. In this study, the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue residue depletion of penicillin G in heavy sows after repeated intramuscular administrations at label (6.5 mg/kg) and 5 × label (32.5 mg/kg) doses were determined. Plasma, urine, and environmental samples were tested as potential antemortem markers for penicillin G residues. The collected new data and other available data from the literature were used to develop a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for penicillin G in heavy sows. The results showed that antemortem testing of urine provided potential correlation with tissue residue levels. Based on the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service action limit of 25 ng/g, the model estimated a withdrawal interval of 38 days for penicillin G in heavy sows after 3 repeated intramuscular injections at 5 × label dose. This study improves our understanding of penicillin G pharmacokinetics and tissue residue depletion in heavy sows and provides a tool to predict proper withdrawal intervals after extralabel use of penicillin G in heavy sows, thereby helping safety assessment of sow-derived meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Christine Mainquist-Whigham
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Locke A Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.,Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Larry W Wulf
- Pharmacology Analytical Support Team (PhAST), Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Dongping Zeng
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Johann F Coetzee
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.,Pharmacology Analytical Support Team (PhAST), Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Okocha RC, Olatoye IO, Adedeji OB. Food safety impacts of antimicrobial use and their residues in aquaculture. Public Health Rev 2018; 39:21. [PMID: 30094087 PMCID: PMC6081861 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-018-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residues of antimicrobials in food have received much attention in recent years because of growing food safety and public health concerns. Their presence in food of animal origin constitutes socioeconomic challenges in international trade in animal and animal products. The major public health significances of antimicrobial residues include the development of antimicrobial drug resistance, hypersensitivity reaction, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, bone marrow depression, and disruption of normal intestinal flora. Indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in aquaculture resulting in occurrence of residues in aquaculture products and associated harmful health effects in humans requires control measures to ensure consumer protection. MAIN BODY This article focuses on factors contributing to the presence of antimicrobial residues in aquaculture products and their implications on consumers' safety. Regulatory actions aimed at prudent use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals with emphasis on aquaculture for safe and wholesome food production are also reviewed. CONCLUSION Prudent use of antibiotics in aquaculture under veterinary supervision is critical in ensuring safety of aquaculture products. Good animal husbandry practices as well as the use of alternatives to antibiotics such as vaccination, probiotics, phage therapy, and essential oils are recommended panaceas to reducing the use of antimicrobial residues in aquaculture and consequent food safety effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Chukwuka Okocha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaac Olufemi Olatoye
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Paul Allen G. School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman WA, USA
| | - Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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4
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Microbial shifts in the swine nasal microbiota in response to parenteral antimicrobial administration. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:210-217. [PMID: 29803848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The continuous administration of antimicrobials in swine production has been widely criticized with the increase of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and dysbiosis of the beneficial microbial communities. While an increasing number of studies investigate the effects of antimicrobial administration on swine gastrointestinal microbiota biodiversity, the impact of their use on the composition and diversity of nasal microbial communities has not been widely explored. The objective of this study was to characterize the short-term impact of different parenteral antibiotics administration on the composition and diversity of nasal microbial communities in growing pigs. Five antimicrobial treatment groups, each consisting of four, eight-week old piglets, were administered one of the antimicrobials; Ceftiofur Crystalline free acid (CCFA), Ceftiofur hydrochloride (CHC), Tulathromycin (TUL), Oxytetracycline (OTC), and Procaine Penicillin G (PPG) at label dose and route. Individual deep nasal swabs were collected immediately before antimicrobial administration (control = day 0), and again on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after dosing. The nasal microbiota across all the samples were dominated by Firmicutes, proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. While, the predominant bacterial genera were Moraxella, Clostridium and Streptococcus. Linear discriminant analysis, showed a pronounced, antimicrobial-dependent microbial shift in the composition of nasal microbiota and over time from day 0. By day 14, the nasal microbial compositions of the groups receiving CCFA and OTC had returned to a distribution that closely resembled that observed on day 0. In contrast, pigs that received CHC, TUL and PPG appeared to deviate away from the day 0 composition by day 14. Based on our results, it appears that the impact of parenteral antibiotics on the swine nasal microbiota is variable and has a considerable impact in modulating the nasal microbiota structure. Our results will aid in developing alternative strategies for antibiotics to improve swine health and consequently production.
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Zeineldin M, Aldridge B, Blair B, Kancer K, Lowe J. Impact of parenteral antimicrobial administration on the structure and diversity of the fecal microbiota of growing pigs. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:220-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Li M, Gehring R, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Development and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for penicillin G in swine and cattle for food safety assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Chiesa OA, Heller DN, Karanian JW, Pritchard WF, Smith S, Kijak PJ, Ward JL, von Bredow J, Myers MJ. Inhalation anesthesia induced by isoflurane alters penicillin disposition in swine tissues. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:356-362. [PMID: 27654900 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Twelve healthy swine were dosed with penicillin G intramuscularly. Fluids and tissues samples were collected at the end of two periods of general anesthesia, performed 24 h apart. Tissue samples were collected by minimally invasive laparoscopy under general anesthesia at 8 and 28 h postdose. Four nonanesthetized, penicillin-treated pigs were euthanized at 8 h postdose, and a second set of four similarly treated control pigs were sacrificed 28 h postdose. Liver penicillin tissue concentrations from animals that underwent anesthesia and laparoscopic tissue collection had tissue concentrations that were higher than nonanesthetized pigs at both time points. Urine, plasma, kidney, skeletal, and cardiac muscle showed no differences between the two groups. Laparoscopic tissue collection under general anesthesia in swine induces physiological changes that cause alterations in tissue pharmacokinetics not seen in conscious animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Chiesa
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - D N Heller
- Division of Residue Chemistry, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - J W Karanian
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Interventional Therapeutics, Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - W F Pritchard
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Interventional Therapeutics, Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - S Smith
- Division of Residue Chemistry, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - P J Kijak
- Division of Residue Chemistry, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - J L Ward
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - J von Bredow
- Division of Residue Chemistry, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - M J Myers
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA
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Li M, Gehring R, Tell L, Baynes R, Huang Q, Riviere JE. Interspecies mixed-effect pharmacokinetic modeling of penicillin G in cattle and swine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4495-503. [PMID: 24867969 PMCID: PMC4136073 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02806-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extralabel drug use of penicillin G in food-producing animals may cause an excess of residues in tissue which will have the potential to damage human health. Of all the antibiotics, penicillin G may have the greatest potential for producing allergic responses to the consumer of food animal products. There are, however, no population pharmacokinetic studies of penicillin G for food animals. The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to describe the time-concentration data profile of penicillin G across two species. Data were collected from previously published pharmacokinetic studies in which several formulations of penicillin G were administered to diverse populations of cattle and swine. Liver, kidney, and muscle residue data were also used in this study. Compartmental models with first-order absorption and elimination were fit to plasma and tissue concentrations using a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach. A 3-compartment model with extra tissue compartments was selected to describe the pharmacokinetics of penicillin G. Typical population parameter estimates (interindividual variability) were central volumes of distribution of 3.45 liters (12%) and 3.05 liters (8.8%) and central clearance of 105 liters/h (32%) and 16.9 liters/h (14%) for cattle and swine, respectively, with peripheral clearance of 24.8 liters/h (13%) and 9.65 liters/h (23%) for cattle and 13.7 liters/h (85%) and 0.52 liters/h (40%) for swine. Body weight and age were the covariates in the final pharmacokinetic models. This study established a robust model of penicillin for a large and diverse population of food-producing animals which could be applied to other antibiotics and species in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Lisa Tell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ronald Baynes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qingbiao Huang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Shelver WL, Lupton SJ, Newman DJ, Larsen S, Smith DJ. Depletion of penicillin G residues in heavy sows after intramuscular injection. Part II: application of kidney inhibition swab tests. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7586-7592. [PMID: 25029357 DOI: 10.1021/jf501494w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sows (n = 126; 228 ± 30.1 kg) were administered daily IM doses of penicillin G procaine (33 000 IU/kg bw; 5× the label dose) for 3 consecutive days using three different administration patterns. Within treatment, six sows each were slaughtered on withdrawal day 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 39. Tissues (injection site, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle) or body fluids (serum and urine) were screened for penicillin G using the KIS test, recently adopted by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. The IM administration patterns had no discernible effect on penicillin G depletion. Residues were depleted more rapidly from liver and skeletal muscle and more slowly from kidney and urine. Kidney was the most sensitive and suitable tissue for detecting penicillin G residues on-site, with two positive results after a 39-day withdrawal period. Urine was the most suitable ante-mortem surrogate to predict the results of kidney tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin L Shelver
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS , Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
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Lupton SJ, Shelver WL, Newman DJ, Larsen S, Smith DJ. Depletion of penicillin G residues in heavy sows after intramuscular injection. Part I: tissue residue depletion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7577-7585. [PMID: 25025185 DOI: 10.1021/jf501492v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy sows (n = 126) were treated with penicillin G procaine at a 5× label dose (33 000 IU/kg) for 3 consecutive days by intramuscular (IM) injection using three patterns of drug administration. Treatments differed by injection pattern and injection volume. Sets of sows were slaughtered 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 39 days after the last treatment; skeletal muscle, kidney, serum, and urine were collected for penicillin G analysis by LC-MS/MS. Penicillin G at withdrawal day 5 averaged 23.5 ± 10.5 and 3762 ± 1932 ng/g in muscle and kidney, respectively. After 15 days of withdrawal, muscle penicillin G residues were quantifiable in only one treated hog (3.4 ng/g) but averaged 119 ± 199 ng/g in kidneys. Using a hypothetical tolerance of 50 ng/g and a natural log-linear depletion model, the withdrawal period required for penicillin depletion to 50 ng/g was 11 days for skeletal muscle and 47 days for kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lupton
- Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
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Abstract
Penicillin is one of the most commonly detected drug residues in tissues and milk, and is the antimicrobial for which information is most often sought through FARAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Payne
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD), Environmental Toxicology Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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