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Tekola A, Regassa LD, Mandefro M, Shawel S, Kassa O, Shasho F, Demis T, Masrie A, Tamire A, Roba KT. Body image dissatisfaction is associated with perceived body weight among secondary school adolescents in Harar Town, eastern Ethiopia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1397155. [PMID: 38827436 PMCID: PMC11140015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1397155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Body image dissatisfaction has emerged as an important determinant of dietary and physical activity, which in turn determine adolescents' nutritional status. Hence, it is important to understand predictors of body image dissatisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to assess body image dissatisfaction and its associated factors among secondary school adolescents in the study area. Methods Data collected for other purposes were used to assess body image dissatisfaction among adolescents in Harar town. Body image dissatisfaction was assessed using the Body Part Satisfaction Scale. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA version 14, and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with body image dissatisfaction. Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction were determined by estimating AOR along with 95% CI and the statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than or equal to 0.05. Result The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 22.06% [95% CI (19.63, 24.70)]. This study also revealed that males were more dissatisfied with their upper torso and face, and females were more dissatisfied with their middle torso, lower torso, height, and weight than males. In this study, body image dissatisfaction was associated with perception of being fat [AOR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.23, 2.91)], anxiety [AOR = 1.59, 95% CI (1.02, 2.48)], and cigarette smoking [AOR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.03, 2.58)]. Conclusion Almost one in five secondary school adolescents in Harar had body image dissatisfaction, which was significantly associated with perceptions of being fat, anxiety, and smoking. In this study, a significant number of the adolescents experienced body image dissatisfaction. Hence, all concerned bodies have to take action to reduce the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abainash Tekola
- College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Saleh ST, Osaili TM, Al-Jawaldeh A, Hasan HA, Hashim M, Mohamad MN, Qiyas SA, Al Sabbah H, Al Daour R, Al Rajaby R, Masuadi E, Stojanovska L, Papandreou D, Zampelas A, Al Dhaheri AS, Kassem H, Cheikh Ismail L. Adolescents' use of online food delivery applications and perceptions of healthy food options and food safety: a cross-sectional study in the United Arab Emirates. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1385554. [PMID: 38628272 PMCID: PMC11018892 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1385554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This cross-sectional study aimed to assess Online food delivery applications (OFDA) usage trends among adolescent users in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on their perceptions of healthy food options and food safety (n = 532). Methods Sociodemographic information, frequency of OFDA use, factors affecting food choices, and perceptions of healthy food and food safety were investigated. A total perception score was calculated for each participant. Results Most participants used OFDAs weekly (65.4%), favoring fast food (85.7%). Factors like appearance and price drove food choices (65.0%), while taste and cost hindered healthy food orders (29.7 and 28.2%). Younger and frequent users had lower scores for perceiving healthy food, while seeking healthy options was associated with higher scores (p < 0.05). Females and those seeking healthy food showed higher food safety scores (p < 0.05). Discussion The study suggests tailored interventions to promote healthier choices and improve food safety perceptions among adolescents using OFDAs in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheima T. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq M. Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), World Health Organization (WHO), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haydar A. Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maysm N. Mohamad
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Abu Qiyas
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haleama Al Sabbah
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rameez Al Daour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radhiya Al Rajaby
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emad Masuadi
- Department of Public Health Institute, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanin Kassem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Blomquist KK, Ellison WD, Siddiqui S, Montgomery K. Dissemination of a dissonance-based body image promotion program for mothers and daughters in church settings: A controlled pilot study of Reclaiming Beauty. Body Image 2024; 48:101675. [PMID: 38160471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This proof of concept, controlled pilot study expands on existing dissonance-based body image promotion programs by testing a modified version of the Body Project for 136 mothers and daughters aged 11-18 years old in church settings called Reclaiming Beauty. Mothers (n = 30) and their daughters (n = 35) who participated in Reclaiming Beauty were compared to mothers (n = 32) and daughters (n = 39) in a waitlist, assessment-only, control group on body image, eating psychopathology, and risk factor measures (thin-ideal internalization, physical appearance comparison) at pre-, post-, and 6-month-follow-up assessments. Intent-to-treat, multilevel modeling indicated that mothers and daughters in the Reclaiming Beauty group experienced significant improvement in body appreciation, body shape concerns, eating psychopathology, thin-ideal internalization, and physical appearance comparison over a six-month period compared to control participants. Changes in thin-ideal internalization and appearance comparison did not predict body image and eating psychopathology at follow-up. Baseline levels of body satisfaction did not moderate the effect of the program, except for its effect on body shape concerns. Findings provide preliminary support for delivering a dissonance-based body image promotion intervention to mothers and their daughters and the feasibility of leveraging the mother-daughter relationship as well as delivering interventions in church settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin K Blomquist
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC 29613, United States.
| | - William D Ellison
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, United States
| | - Sofia Siddiqui
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC 29613, United States
| | - Kate Montgomery
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, SC 29613, United States
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Paraskeva N, Pegram G, Goel R, Mandhaani M, Suneja V, White P, Diedrichs PC. A cognitive dissonance body image intervention 'Free Being Me' delivered by guide leaders to adolescent girl guides in India: A pilot and acceptability trial. Body Image 2024; 48:101658. [PMID: 38141491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study assessed the acceptability and pre-post intervention effects of a cognitive dissonance-based body image intervention, Free Being Me, delivered by Guide leaders to adolescent girls in India. Girls aged 11-14 years (Mage = 12.6, N = 117), who were members of the national scouting and guiding association of India, received the intervention across five weekly 1-hour group sessions. The primary outcome (body esteem) and secondary outcomes (self-esteem, internalisation of appearance ideals, negative and positive affect, and life disengagement) were measured pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention. The intervention was acceptable. Adolescent girls reported high levels of comfort (89%), enjoyment (90%), and perceived importance (92%) with suggestions for improvement including more interactive activities. Facilitator adherence and competence delivering Free Being Me was rated good. Significant within-groups pre-post intervention improvements in body esteem (Cohen's d = 0.28) and reductions in internalisation of appearance ideals (Cohen's d = 0.49) were identified. No changes to self-esteem, negative or positive affect, or life disengagement were observed. This study suggests that Free Being Me is acceptable for community-based delivery and Guide leader format with promising pre-post intervention effects. Going forward, a randomised controlled trial is necessary to make confident interpretations on the effectiveness of Free Being Me.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Paraskeva
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Georgina Pegram
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Vanya Suneja
- O.P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Paul White
- Applied Statistics Group, University of the West of England, UK
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5
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Cushman GK, Rea KE, Westbrook AL, Alexander C, Reed B. Body image dissatisfaction during the first year of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:614-622. [PMID: 38504390 PMCID: PMC10997213 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dissatisfaction with one's body can be distressing; youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at increased risk for body image dissatisfaction given disease symptoms and treatment side effects. Yet, no studies have examined body image dissatisfaction over time in youth with IBD and whether depressive symptoms are associated with change in dissatisfaction. METHODS Fifty-seven pediatric participants (8-17 years old) newly diagnosed with IBD were enrolled. Youth completed questionnaires assessing body image dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms shortly after diagnosis (Time 1) and 12 months later (Time 2). Multilevel longitudinal modeling was used to test the extent to which body image dissatisfaction changed across the first year of diagnosis and to test change in body image dissatisfaction as a function of depressive symptoms. RESULTS Findings indicated significant between- and within-person variance in body image dissatisfaction over the 12 months, yet the sample as a whole did not report significant changes in dissatisfaction from Time 1 to Time 2. Children reporting depressive symptoms greater than their individual average over time reported greater body image dissatisfaction. Between-person variation in depressive symptoms demonstrated a significant interaction with time. As an individual's depressive symptoms exceeded the group average, their body image dissatisfaction increased, although less drastically as time since diagnosis progressed. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that body image dissatisfaction is a complex and dynamic construct across youth and that interventions for pediatric IBD patients need to be tailored to the needs of individuals. Methods for assessing body image dissatisfaction efficiently and repeatedly across multiple visits are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace K. Cushman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kelly E. Rea
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Adrianna L. Westbrook
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Bonney Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Mishina K, Kronström K, Heinonen E, Sourander A. Body dissatisfaction and dieting among Finnish adolescents: a 20-year population-based time-trend study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-023-02327-0. [PMID: 38168825 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Body image has an important role in the health and development of adolescents. Body dissatisfaction and dieting can become chronic and continue into adulthood. There is a lack of recent, comprehensive studies on ongoing trends on body dissatisfaction. This study assessed time-trend changes in self-reported body dissatisfaction and dieting among Finnish adolescents at four assessment points. Representative samples of adolescents (N = 6660) aged 13-16 years participated in school-based, cross-sectional studies in 1998 (N = 1458), 2008 (N = 2044), 2014 (N = 1809), and 2018 (N = 1349), respectively. The studies were similar in design, methodology, and geographical recruitment areas. Body dissatisfaction and dieting were assessed with a questionnaire including items derived from the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. From 1998 to 2018, dieting and fears related to gaining weight decreased among females. Body dissatisfaction reduced among females, and their wishes to become thinner became less prevalent. Consuming large amounts of food at one time consistently decreased among females and males and there were no changes in the rates of willful vomiting. The number of females in the 90th percentile with the most severe symptoms decreased. The results indicate that body dissatisfaction and disturbed dieting improved among females during the 20-year study. Despite these positive developments, the overall level of symptoms among females remained substantial, indicating that females have much higher levels of body dissatisfaction and dieting than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Mishina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 20014, Turku, Finland.
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kim Kronström
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emmi Heinonen
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 20014, Turku, Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 20014, Turku, Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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7
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Bijsterbosch JM, Hasenack B, van Rooijen B, Sternheim LC, Boelen PA, Dijkerman HC, Keizer A. Intolerable feelings of uncertainty within the body: Associations between interoceptive awareness, intolerance of uncertainty, and body dissatisfaction. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1678-1688. [PMID: 37655512 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period marked by important physical and social changes, which often leads to an increase of body dissatisfaction. Recent studies have shown an association between interoception and body dissatisfaction in female adolescents. One variable that may contribute to the association between interoceptive awareness and body dissatisfaction is intolerance of uncertainty (IU). This study aims to investigate multiple facets of interoceptive awareness, IU, and their relations with body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 307 adolescent girls (mean age = 17.73; SD = 1.02) was recruited in the Netherlands in 2022. Three questionnaires were completed measuring interoceptive awareness, IU, and body dissatisfaction. A moderation analyses using a multiple hierarchical regression was used to investigate associations between variables. RESULTS Correlation analyses indicated that several facets of lower interoceptive awareness (Not distracting, Not worrying and Trusting) were related to higher levels of body dissatisfaction. IU only marginally moderated the relationship between several domains of interoceptive awareness (Notice, Attention regulation and Emotional awareness) and body dissatisfaction. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that experiencing bodily signals as ambiguous and uncertain may result in more complex body image issues. Within certain domains of interoceptive awareness, IU may affect the process of appraising bodily signals. Furthermore, adolescent girls who do not feel safe in their body and who find it difficult to distract their thoughts when experiencing pain or discomfort in their body may be particularly at risk for developing more complex body image disturbances and may benefit from interventions improving both interoceptive awareness and IU. Moreover, future research should focus on interoceptive awareness and IU as potential underlying mechanisms for body image issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Hasenack
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bregje van Rooijen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lot C Sternheim
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A Boelen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
- ARQ Centrum'45, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - H Chris Dijkerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Keizer
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Paquette MM, Bőthe B, Dion J, Girouard A, Bergeron S. Can I Love My Body Even if It Doesn't Look Like the Porn Stars'? Longitudinal Associations Between Pornography Use Frequency and Body Appreciation in a Diverse Sample of Adolescents. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3471-3489. [PMID: 37644359 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Online technologies could play an important role in the sexual development of adolescents as they watch more pornography than before. Pornography may relate to adolescents' perceptions of their bodies, especially among those identifying as a sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) as they have an increased risk of body image concerns compared to their heterosexual, cisgender (HC) peers. The present study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations over 3 years between adolescents' pornography use frequency and body appreciation, considering potential gender and sexual orientation-based differences. Results from linear univariate and parallel processes latent growth curve models with a multi-group approach among 2904 adolescents (MageT1 = 14.5 years, SD = 0.61; 51.4% girls, 16.3% sexual minority) demonstrated that HC and SGM girls' body appreciation slightly decreased over time. Moreover, HC boys, HC girls and SGM girls' pornography use frequency slightly increased over time. Cross-sectionally, greater pornography use frequency was associated with lower levels of body appreciation in HC girls and SGM boys, with a small effect size. However, longitudinally, pornography use frequency and body appreciation were not related to each other in either group. Our findings support that pornography use, in the short term, is negatively associated with adolescents' body appreciation, although these associations might not hold in the long term. Adolescents may be more critical of body ideals represented in pornography as they learn to think with more discernment about the pornographic depictions of bodies and sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Michèle Paquette
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Girouard
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Ozbardakci EV, Lydecker JA. Reframing How Providers Advocate for Adolescent Well-Being in Body Image, Eating, and Weight. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:957-962. [PMID: 36948394 PMCID: PMC10728998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical developmental period when youth are vulnerable to messages that promote unrealistic body shapes and a culture of weight-based stigma. Adolescents' vulnerability is reflected in high prevalence of body dissatisfaction among adolescents of all genders,1-3 which can lead to negative mental health consequences including disordered eating and depression.4,5 Importantly, body concerns are compounded among adolescents with higher weights who are more likely to experience weight-based victimization and internalize weight-based stigma compared with adolescents with lower weights.6,7 Health care providers have an opportunity to advocate for well-being of adolescent patients by providing nonstigmatizing messages regarding body image, eating, and weight. While body image prevention programs emphasize the need to promote positive body image and awareness of weight-based victimization, clinical guidelines instead focus on preventing or treating conditions (ie, obesity or eating disorders). Yet, adolescents' well-being would benefit from weight-inclusive, positive body image messages. Providers can model the importance of prioritizing positive body image messages by spending time discussing body image through a positive rather than problem-focused lens. We propose an advocacy framework for health care providers to support adolescents' body image and to reduce the impact of weight bias across 4 settings: the clinic, social media, adolescents' homes, and school.
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Bordeleau M, Alméras N, Panahi S, Drapeau V. Body Image and Lifestyle Behaviors in High School Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1263. [PMID: 37508760 PMCID: PMC10377786 DOI: 10.3390/children10071263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This secondary data analysis study aimed to examine the associations between 1) body size perception (BSP) and body size dissatisfaction (BSD) and 2) lifestyle behaviors and BSP and BSD in adolescents. The study pooled cross-sectional data from two studies (n = 301) performed in adolescents. Weight and height were measured, while lifestyle behaviors and perceived actual and desired body size variables were self-reported. Linear regression analysis assessed the contribution of sex and zBMI to BSP and BSD scores. Pearson's correlation explored associations between BSP and BSD. Cohen's effect sizes compared satisfied and dissatisfied adolescents within the underestimators subgroup. A positive association between BSP and BSD scores was observed among girls living with normal-weight and overweight/obesity only (r = 0.26; p ≤ 0.001 and r = 0.38; p < 0.05, respectively). Underestimators who were satisfied with their body size showed a moderate effect size for a lower zBMI, a small effect size for lower screen time, and higher sleep duration compared to dissatisfied underestimators. Underestimation was associated with more body size satisfaction in adolescent girls with normal weight and overweight/obesity, suggesting a protective effect of underestimation. These findings support the hypothesis that body size satisfaction and underestimation in adolescents is associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bordeleau
- Département D'éducation Physique, Faculté des Sciences de L'éducation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de L'institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Interuniversitaire sur la Formation et Profession Enseignante (CRIFPE), Université de Montréal, Québec, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de Recherche de L'institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Shirin Panahi
- Département D'éducation Physique, Faculté des Sciences de L'éducation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de L'institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Centre de Recherche de L'institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Interuniversitaire sur la Formation et Profession Enseignante (CRIFPE), Université de Montréal, Québec, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Williot A, Blackburn MÈ, Auclair J, Brault MC, Carbonneau N, Dion J. A structural equation model of intuitive eating with adolescents. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2022.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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12
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Lacroix E, Smith AJ, Husain IA, Orth U, von Ranson KM. Normative body image development: A longitudinal meta-analysis of mean-level change. Body Image 2023; 45:238-264. [PMID: 36965235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis synthesized longitudinal data on mean-level change in body image, focusing on the constructs of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction, body esteem, perceived attractiveness, valuation, self-objectification, and body shame. We searched five databases and accessed unpublished data to identify studies that assessed body image at two or more time points over six months or longer. Analyses were based on data from 142 samples representing a total of 128,254 participants. The age associated with the midpoint of measurement intervals ranged from 6 to 54 years. Multilevel metaregression models examined standardized yearly mean change, and the potential moderators of body image construct, gender, birth cohort, attrition rate, age, and time lag. Boys and men showed fluctuations in overall body image with net-improvements between ages 10 and 24. Girls and women showed worsening body image between ages 10 and 16, but improvements between ages 16 and 24. Change was greatest between ages 10 and 14, and stabilized around age 24. We found no effect of construct, birth cohort, or attrition rate. Results suggest a need to revise understandings of normative body image development: sensitive periods may occur somewhat earlier than previously believed, and body image may show mean-level improvements during certain age ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lacroix
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Alyssa J Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Incé A Husain
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Ulrich Orth
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin M von Ranson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Scully M, Swords L, Nixon E. Social comparisons on social media: online appearance-related activity and body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:31-42. [PMID: 32912367 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents' engagement with online social networking platforms is advancing at an exponential rate and research is needed to investigate any impact on young users' mental health. This study examined appearance-related activity (e.g. looking at photos of friends) on social media and body dissatisfaction among adolescent girls. METHODS Self-report measures of online appearance-related activity, social comparisons to female target groups, internalization of the thin ideal, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem were administered to 210 girls (mean age = 15.16 years). RESULTS Body dissatisfaction was significantly related to (i) time spent engaged in social comparisons and (ii) upward social comparisons with various female targets while online. Evaluating oneself less favorably than the target group of close friends was most strongly associated with poorer body image appraisals. Serial multiple mediation analysis revealed that even after controlling for age and self-esteem, time spent engaged in social comparisons significantly mediated the relationship between online appearance-related activity and body dissatisfaction. This association was then further partially mediated by internalization of the thin ideal, which significantly mediated the relationship between time engaged in social comparisons and body dissatisfaction. DISCUSSION Results are discussed in terms of online social media platforms representing an additional appearance culture environment for adolescent girls. The effects of this on the mental health of vulnerable users and how future research should investigate protective factors that may buffer young girls from the adverse effects of social media are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scully
- School of Psychology and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin
| | - L Swords
- School of Psychology and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin
| | - E Nixon
- School of Psychology and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin
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14
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Yager Z, Doley JR, McLean SA, Griffiths S. Goodform: A cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based program to prevent body dissatisfaction and muscle building supplement use among adolescent boys. Body Image 2023; 44:24-35. [PMID: 36434957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although body dissatisfaction is common among adolescent boys, few intervention programs specifically developed for boys have been shown to be effective for reducing body dissatisfaction. Our study aim was to evaluate Goodform, a 4-session, teacher delivered intervention program specifically developed for boys to reduce body dissatisfaction and muscle building supplement use. The Goodform program was based on cognitive dissonance, social learning theory, and a social norms approach, and drew from two existing body image intervention programs that have shown promise among males: The Body Project- More than Muscles, and the Athletes Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids Program (ATLAS). A sample of 488 boys in grades 9 and 10 (Mage = 14.81, SDage = 0.51) at nine secondary schools in Australia were randomly assigned to Goodform (n = 244) or control (n = 244) at the school level. Self-reported body image, supplement use, anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use, and attitudes around using AAS and muscle building supplements were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and eight-week follow-up. Analyses with multi-level, mixed-effect regression models revealed no changes over time attributable to the intervention. Our results have implications for researchers in the body image and eating disorder prevention fields. Lessons learned in this study can inform future school-based efforts for reducing muscle building supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zali Yager
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Australia; Body Confident Collective, Australia.
| | - Jo R Doley
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Australia
| | - Siân A McLean
- The Bouverie Centre and Department of Psychology, Counselling, and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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A Qualitative Exploration of Body Image from the Perspective of Adolescents with a Focus on Psychological Aspects: Findings from Iran. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:202-212. [PMID: 34505201 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The current study employs a qualitative approach to uncover the perceptions of Iranian adolescents regarding their bodies, with a focus on the psychological components that contribute to their body image perceptions. Data collection conducted using 13 semi-structured focus group discussions with 42 girls and 42 boys (15-18 years). All focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was done manually using constant comparative analysis according to the Strauss and Corbin analysis method. Based on the participants' statements, four main themes and related categories emerged from data: (1) Beliefs including uncontrollable body, biased opinion of those around, priority of health, spiritual/religious beliefs and affecting future success, (2) Body-evaluation including direct body evaluation and indirect body evaluation, (3) Feelings and emotions including disgust and hatred, frustration, sadness, shame, envy, fear, approval and satisfaction and (4) Behaviors including lifestyle modifications, beautifying and using make up, extreme dieting, physical inactivity, avoidance behaviors, passive behaviors, aggressive behaviors and social isolation. Findings of the current study provide further information regarding cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of body image from the perspectives of adolescents in a West-Asian region.
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Martini MCS, Assumpção DD, Barros MBDA, Mattei J, Barros Filho ADA. Prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among adolescents: a systematic review. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2023; 41:e2021204. [PMID: 36102398 PMCID: PMC9467670 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents aged 10-19 years and stratify the analysis by sex. Data source: A literature review of cross-sectional studies among healthy adolescents was performed. The U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®) databases were searched between May 2019 and January 2020. Data synthesis: Initially, 3,700 records were identified, and 10 papers were obtained through other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1,732 records were screened based on the titles and abstracts, and 126 were preselected for full-text analysis. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 34 papers were included in the present review. The studies were published between 1997 and 2020. The sample size ranged from <150 to >103,000 adolescents. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction ranged from 18.0 to 56.6% in both sexes (10.8-82.5% among boys and 19.2-83.8% among girls). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present systematic review, the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction is high among adolescents, especially girls. Such information can contribute to the planning of health and education programs addressing the issue of weight in adolescents.
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Buis L, Smahel D. Individual and Parental Factors of Adolescents' mHealth App Use: Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e40340. [PMID: 36525286 PMCID: PMC9804093 DOI: 10.2196/40340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the characteristics of adolescents who use mobile health (mHealth) apps to monitor health and how these characteristics differ from those of app nonusers is limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine mHealth app use based on adolescent and parental factors, including sociodemographics, digital skills, and health indicators, in a nationally representative sample of Czech adolescents (N=2500). METHODS Adolescents aged 11 to 16 years and one of their parents participated in an online survey in 2021. A professional research agency recruited the participants. Quotas were used to ensure the sample's representativeness. The sociodemographic factors were the adolescents' age, gender, and parental perceived financial security. The adolescents also provided information about their screen time, eHealth literacy, BMI, health anxiety, physical activity, and sleep quality. Parents reported their digital skills, mobile phone attitudes, and the mediation of their children's online health information-seeking behaviors. We evaluated the differences between the users and nonusers of mHealth apps and identified the significant predictors of mHealth app use. Next, we separately examined how these factors were associated with the use of mHealth apps that track calorie intake or expenditure, number of steps, weight, or sports activity (eg, exercise, running, and working out), as well as other mHealth apps (eg, those that track sleep and heart rate). RESULTS More than half of the adolescents (1429/2455, 58.21%) reported using mHealth apps. App users were relatively older and, more often, girls. Apps that counted the number of steps were used most frequently, and adolescents whose parents reported higher perceived financial security used them more regularly. Overall, being older and physically active and having higher eHealth literacy skills were associated with using mHealth apps. Adolescents with higher BMI, health anxiety, and lower sleep quality more frequently used mHealth apps to track calorie intake or expenditure, weight, and health indicators. mHealth apps to track physical activity were used more regularly by girls. There was a positive association between parental mediation of online health information-seeking behaviors and adolescents' mHealth app use. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that older age, physical activity, and eHealth literacy skills were the common underlying factors of adolescents' mHealth app use. We initially showed parents as significant role models for their children's adoption of, and engagement with, mHealth apps when they actively mediate their online health information-seeking behaviors. Improving the eHealth literacy skills of adolescents through parental guidance might enhance health technology use in this population. Tracking eating behaviors, weight, and health were more prevalent for adolescents who reported higher BMI, health anxiety, and lower sleep quality. Future research studies should examine the determinants and health outcomes of adolescents' mHealth app use longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Smahel
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Wang Y, Cao R, Peng X, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Fu L. Association between body image dissatisfaction and body anthropometric indices among Chinese children and adolescents at different developmental stages. Front Public Health 2022; 10:926079. [PMID: 36582367 PMCID: PMC9792862 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.926079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Children at different developmental stages show different physical development and psychological cognitive characteristics and may pay different attention to body parts. The purpose of this study was to analyze the associations between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and body anthropometric indices (BAIs) among Chinese children and adolescents at different developmental stages. Methods A total of 609 Chinese primary and secondary school students aged 8-15 years (329 boys and 280 girls) were selected using stratified cluster sampling. The students' body height, sitting height (SH), weight, chest circumference (CC), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), scapular skinfold thickness (SST), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), and abdominal skinfold thickness (AST) were measured. Boys' testicular volumes and first spermatorrhea and girls' breast measures and menarche were assessed using the Tanner stage standard. A body shape questionnaire (BSQ) was used to survey the subject's BID. Results In boys with testicular volume < 4 ml, the hip-to-height ratio (HHR) was positively correlated with BSQ score (β = 8.17, P < 0.01). In boys with testicular volume ≥4 ml and nonfirst spermatorrhea, the HHR and SST were positively correlated with BSQ score (β = 2.51, P = 0.04; β = 4.98, P < 0.01). In boys with first spermatorrhea, weight was positively correlated with BSQ score (β = 10.30, P < 0.01). In girls with breast development < Tanner stage II, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was positively correlated with BSQ score (β = 5.12, P < 0.01); In girls with breast development ≥ Tanner stage II and nonmenarche, chest-to-sitting height ratio (CSHR) was positively correlated with BSQ score (β = 10.82, P < 0.01), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was negatively correlated with BSQ score (β = -3.61, P = 0.04). In girls with menarche, WHtR and sitting height-to-height ratio (SHHR) were positively correlated with BSQ score (β = 6.09, P < 0.01; β = 2.05, P = 0.02). Conclusion The associations between body image dissatisfaction and anthropometric indices among Chinese children and adolescents at different developmental stages are different.
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Jalali-Farahani S, Amiri P, Zarani F, Zayeri F, Azizi F. Development and validation of the body image scale for youth (BISY). J Eat Disord 2022; 10:136. [PMID: 36068589 PMCID: PMC9450403 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body dissatisfaction has been known as an important public health concern that can influence the physical and psycho-social health of adolescents. Hence, health professionals need a valid and reliable tool to assess this problem and its related factors in youth. This study aims to develop and assess the psychometric properties of an indigenous scale for the evaluation of body image and to investigate its association with body weight status among Iranian adolescents. METHODS This study was conducted on 857 adolescents who completed the body image scale for Youth (BISY) and self-reported their body weight and height. Face, content, and construct validity methods were used to assess the validity of the BISY. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess construct validity. Moreover, the internal consistency of the scale was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α), and test-retest reliability was examined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). To compare the BISY scores across sex and body weight status groups, the Independent samples t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Welch tests were used, respectively. RESULTS Mean age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 16.5 ± 1.1 years and 22.4 ± 4.5 kg/m2, respectively. The EFA showed a 10-factor construct which explained 57% of the variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for overall items of the scale was 0.896 and ranged from 0.42 to 0.92 for subscales. The test-retest reliability result was acceptable for the BISY (ICC = 0.805). The ICC values ranged from 0.753 to 0.990 for BISY subscales. The BISY total score was significantly higher in girls compared to boys (34.8 ± 12.7 vs. 31.3 ± 10.2; p < 0.001). In girls, the BISY total score was significantly lower in normal-weight girls compared to their overweight (p = 0.009), and obese (p = 0.012) counterparts. This difference was not observed in boys. CONCLUSION These findings support the reliability and validity of the BISY for the assessment of body image in Iranian adolescents; this scale can be applied as an appropriate tool for the assessment of body image in adolescents in related future studies. Current findings highlight considering body image as an important aspect of intervention programs targeting overweight and obesity in adolescents, specifically girls. Negative body image has been known as an important public health concern that can adversely influence different aspects of adolescents' health. Hence, a valid and reliable tool is necessary to identify adolescents at risk of developing negative body image and its related disorders. There is a lack of an indigenous scale that can comprehensively assess body image and its related factors in Iranian adolescents; hence, the current study aimed to develop and assess the psychometric properties of an indigenous scale for evaluation of body image and further investigate the association between body image and body weight status among Iranian adolescents. The current findings support the reliability and validity of the BISY. In addition, more negative body images were observed in girls compared to boys and in overweight/obese girls compared to their normal-weight counterparts. Therefore, promoting a healthy body image should be incorporated as an important component of future health promotion programs to address obesity, eating disorders, and other health-related concerns among adolescents, specifically girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fariba Zarani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farid Zayeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Gomez-Baya D, Babić Čikeš A, Hirnstein M, Kurtović A, Vrdoljak G, Wiium N. Positive Youth Development and Depression: An Examination of Gender Differences in Croatia and Spain. Front Psychol 2022; 12:689354. [PMID: 35126220 PMCID: PMC8814576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major public health issue and the literature has consistently showed that the rates of depression increase dramatically during youth transition to adulthood, and gender differences merge in this period. Positive youth development (PYD) framework is focused on strengths that make young people more resistant to negative outcomes, like depression, and more capable to choose a positive life direction. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the 5Cs of PYD and depression in Croatia and Spain, as well as to analyze gender differences. This research was conducted within the PYD Cross-National Project. High school and university students from Eastern Croatia and Southern Spain participated in the study (M age = 19.37, SD = 2.11; 62.3% female). There were 584 students from Croatia and 768 students from Spain, who filled in self-reports of PYD and depression (i.e., PYD-SF and PHQ-9, respectively). Results showed that male participants presented more Competence and Confidence, while female participants reported more Connection, Caring, Character, overall PYD, but also more depressive symptoms. Furthermore, Confidence and Connection were negative correlates of depressive symptoms, with neither Spain nor Croatia showing remarkable gender differences. These results may have some implications concerning the promotion of the 5Cs of PYD as a recommendable approach to promote youth mental health in Croatia and Spain from a gender perspective. Youth mental health services and initiatives that engage the partnership of youth contexts, such as the family, schools and neighborhoods, should not only address risk factors for mental health problems, but also protecting factors as the 5Cs, thus providing a more inclusive and sustainable support for youth well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Babić Čikeš
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marina Hirnstein
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana Kurtović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Gabrijela Vrdoljak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Craddock N, Garbett KM, Haywood S, Nasution K, White P, Saraswati LA, Rizkiah C, Medise BE, Diedrichs PC. 'Dove Confident Me Indonesia: Single Session': study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate a school-based body image intervention among Indonesian adolescents. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2102. [PMID: 34784916 PMCID: PMC8593637 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the prevalence and associated adverse health consequences of negative body image among adolescents globally, there is a need to develop acceptable, effective, and scalable interventions. School-based body image interventions delivered by trained teachers show promise in reducing negative body image in adolescents. However, there is currently a lack of evidenced-based body image interventions for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper outlines a protocol for the development and evaluation of Dove Confident Me Indonesia: Single Session, a single-session, teacher-led body image intervention for Indonesian adolescents. Method The effectiveness of the intervention will be evaluated using a cluster randomised controlled trial design. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the trial will be conducted online. Trained teachers or school guidance counsellors will deliver the intervention. Self-report questionnaires will be collected at three time points: baseline, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. The primary outcome is body esteem. Secondary outcomes are internalisation of appearance ideals, mood, engagement in life activities, tendency to engage in appearance comparisons, and skin shade satisfaction. A minimum of 1000 participants will provide 95% power to detect small-to-medium intervention effects. To account for attrition and potential internet issues, the sample will comprise of 2000 Indonesian adolescents in grades 7–9, attending state junior high schools in Surabaya, East Java. Quantitative and qualitative data on acceptability of the intervention will also be collected from teachers and students. Additionally, fidelity of lesson implementation will be assessed. This project received ethical approval from the Universitas Indonesia and the University of the West of England. The intervention will be disseminated in junior high schools throughout Indonesia via UNICEF’s Life Skills Education (LSE) programme, which will be freely available for teachers to download. Discussion This paper presents Dove Confident Me Indonesia: Single Session, a culturally adapted school-based intervention designed to improve Indonesian adolescents’ body image. It details the plan for evaluation, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the proposed study design. It will be informative for others aiming to adapt evidence-based school curricula to promote well-being among adolescents in LMICs. Trial registration NCT04665557. Registered 11th December 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11770-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Craddock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Kirsty M Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Sharon Haywood
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | - Paul White
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | | | - Bernie E Medise
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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22
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Hochgraf AK, Lanza ST, Fosco GM, McHale SM. The developmental course of the link between weight concerns and cigarette use across adolescence: Differences by gender. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1793-1799. [PMID: 34318513 PMCID: PMC8492492 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to illuminate developmental changes and gender differences in the link between weight concerns and cigarette use across adolescence. Specifically, we examined whether and how the strength of the association between weight concerns and cigarette use changed across adolescence, and whether patterns of association differed between boys and girls. METHOD Participants were 397 predominately White adolescents ages 11-18 years (50.5% female) from a longitudinal observational study conducted in the United States. RESULTS Time-varying effect modeling revealed that even after adjusting for BMI, the association between weight concerns and cigarette use was positive and significant for girls from age 11.3 to 15.9, with the strongest association at 12.7 years. For boys, this association was non-significant throughout adolescence. DISCUSSION Results suggest a sensitive period in early- to mid-adolescence during which girls with weight concerns may be at heightened risk for cigarette use. Findings have implications for the developmental timing of interventions to prevent cigarette use and weight concerns and suggest that tailored interventions for girls may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Hochgraf
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Stephanie T. Lanza
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Gregory M. Fosco
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Susan M. McHale
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Linardon J, Greenwood CJ, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Macdonald JA, Spry E, Hutchinson DM, Youssef GJ, Sanson A, Wertheim EH, McIntosh JE, Le Grange D, Letcher P, Olsson CA. Young adult mental health sequelae of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1680-1688. [PMID: 34240437 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been interest in the antecedents and mental health impacts of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence. Less is known about longer-term mental health impacts into young adulthood, as longitudinal studies with data spanning this developmental period are rare. We capitalize on mental health data collected across adolescence and young adulthood from a population-based cohort study that has been following >2000 Australian children and their families from infancy to young adulthood. METHOD This sample comprised 1,568 participants who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory drive for thinness and bulimic behavior (the severity of binge-purge patterns) subscales, and a modified version of the body dissatisfaction subscale in mid-adolescence (15-16 years), or the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in young adulthood (19-20, 23-24, and 27-28 years). RESULTS After adjusting for baseline demographic and prior mental health factors (<13 years of age), all three indices of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence predicted each mental health outcome in young adulthood. Mental health risks associated with adolescent body dissatisfaction and bulimic behavior scores remained stable across young adulthood, with men having more pronounced problems associated with bulimic behavior scores than women. In contrast, mental health risks associated with adolescent drive for thinness scores diminished across this period similarly for men and women. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that adolescent eating and body image disturbances may have long-term mental health impacts that extend into young adulthood. This underscores the need for early preventative intervention, and longer-term monitoring and support for body image and eating disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Linardon
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Greenwood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Spry
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Delyse M Hutchinson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Sanson
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleanor H Wertheim
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer E McIntosh
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eating Disorders Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Primrose Letcher
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Parental practices, body dissatisfaction and weight control practices in female adolescents from public schools in southern Brazil. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:470-480. [PMID: 33138874 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to verify the association between body dissatisfaction (BD) - constituted by the desire to lose weight - with family and personal aspects related to the shape of the body and weight control practices in female adolescents. A cross-sectional, observational epidemiological study with adolescents aged 12-19 years, enrolled in classes of the 8th and 9th years of public schools belonging to the urban area of the city of Caxias do Sul/Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was conducted. A self-applicable questionnaire was used. BD was assessed using a silhouette scale. Multivariate regression was performed using Poisson regression with robust variation, hierarchically using a pre-established conceptual model, using the prevalence ratio (PR) adjusted with 95 % CI as a measure of effect. A significance level of 5 % (P ≤ 0·05) was considered. Among the 685 female students, 77·2 % had BD. The father's incentive to diet sometimes (PR 1·19; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·32; P ≤ 0·001) and always (PR 1·15; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·28; P ≤ 0·001), trying to lose weight (PR 1·63; 95 % CI 1·33, 1·99; P ≤ 0·001), dieting five times or more (PR 1·22; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·36; P ≤ 0·001) and skipping meals less than once a week (PR 1·16; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·29; P = 0·026) increased the chances of having BD. In conclusion, among the investigated parents' behaviours, only the father's incentive to go on a diet was associated with BD. Adolescent weight control practices increased the chances of having BD. Thus, it facilitates the identification of this condition at an early stage, enabling adequate treatment and prevention of health complications.
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25
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van Dalen M, Hermans MM, Leemreis WH, Kraaij V, De Laat PCJ, Pasmans SGMA, Versnel SL, Koudstaal MJ, Hillegers MHJ, Utens EMWJ, Okkerse JME. Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children With a Cleft Lip With or Without Palate or an Infantile Hemangioma. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 59:S74-S83. [PMID: 34293942 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211031411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Life can be challenging for children with a visible difference due to a medical condition, and they might be at risk for emotional and behavioral problems. This study examines emotional and behavioral problems in children with a cleft lip with or without palate (CL ± P) or an infantile hemangioma (IH) in relation to the visibility of the condition, the presence of additional condition-related problems, and parental affect. SETTING This cross-sectional study took place in an academic medical hospital in the Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS A total of 309 parents (mean age = 40.34, 44.00% male) of 182 children with CL ± P and 48 parents (mean age = 39.21, 37.50% male) of 33 children with an IH completed questionnaires. Children were 1.5 to 12 years old. RESULTS Parents reported fewer child emotional and behavioral problems compared to normative data. Problems reported were mainly related to learning difficulties and parent gender, while visibility of the condition had no significant influence. Parental negative affect was related to child internalizing problems. Parental positive affect was not related to any of the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Parents reported fewer problems for their children compared to normative data. This is inconsistent with previous research, showing similar or worse scores for these children compared to peers. Our findings may be explained by a protective parenting style, a response shift in parents, or problems developing at a later point in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije van Dalen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille M Hermans
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Pediatric Dermatology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem H Leemreis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivian Kraaij
- Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C J De Laat
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne G M A Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Pediatric Dermatology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah L Versnel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Koudstaal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W J Utens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Academic Center for Child Psychiatry Levvel/Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M E Okkerse
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Carvalho GXD, Nunes APN, Moraes CL, Veiga GVD. Body image dissatisfaction and associated factors in adolescents. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 25:2769-2782. [PMID: 32667558 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.27452018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the factors associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with students from two public and four private schools in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Body dissatisfaction was evaluated using the Body Silhouette Scale, by the difference between the image they perceive as their current image and the one they would like to have. The association was assessed by hierarchical logistic regression multinomial model, by estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Among the 1,019 adolescents evaluated (13-19 years), 75% showed body dissatisfaction, 41.4% wishing for a smaller silhouette and 33.7% wishing for larger silhouettes. The wish for a smaller silhouette was more significant in girls, overweight adolescents, those with an unsatisfactory meal pattern, and with higher waist circumference. Adolescents that had been exposed to teasing due to their body shape increased the probability of wishing for both smaller and larger silhouettes. Strategies are required for a more positive perception of body image, especially for girls and for overweight adolescents, which provide guidance on adequate meal consumption and prevent exposure to peer teasing, valuing coexistence and well-being in the face of existing bodily differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Xavier de Carvalho
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária. 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | | | - Claudia Leite Moraes
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
| | - Gloria Valeria da Veiga
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária. 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
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27
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Jalali-Farahani S, Amiri P, Zarani F, Azizi F. The main physical components of body image from the perspectives of Iranian adolescents: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:78. [PMID: 33413229 PMCID: PMC7791799 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although different aspects of body image have been extensively studied in Western societies, there is little evidence regarding the main physical components that contribute to perceptions of body image from the perspective of adolescents, especially in Eastern-Mediterranean regions. This study aims to investigate main physical components of body image from the perspectives of Iranian boys and girls. Methods This qualitative study has been conducted using a grounded theory approach. The focus of the current study was on identifying the main physical characteristics of body image as perceived by participants. A total of 13 semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted with 84 adolescents (42 girls and 42 boys), aged 15–18 years. All focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data collection continued until saturation was reached. Results The mean age and BMI of participants were 16.2±0.9 years and 24.3±8.0 kg/m2 respectively. Regarding main physical components of body image, three main themes emerged from the data: 1) perceived face/hair, which included three subthemes-facial features, facial shape/form and hair, 2) perceived body, which included three subthemes-body size, body shape and bone structure and 3) perceived physical functioning which included three subthemes-physical ability, physical health and voice tone. Among mentioned themes, perceived body was the concept which was most frequently addressed by both adolescent boys and girls. Additionally, in terms of the other remaining two themes, when adolescents were talking about their bodies, girls more frequently mentioned their faces and its features, while boys tended to talk more about their physical functioning. Conclusion This qualitative study provide further insight into the physical components of body image as perceived by Iranian boys and girls. Current findings indicated that besides those features that focused on body appearance and its aesthetic aspects, physical functioning was another main component of perceived body image by participants. These findings can contribute to the design and implementation of effective interventions aiming at improving body image and its related disorders in Iranian adolescents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-10096-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Zarani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Yang H, Wang JJ, Tng GYQ, Yang S. Effects of Social Media and Smartphone Use on Body Esteem in Female Adolescents: Testing a Cognitive and Affective Model. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E148. [PMID: 32967376 PMCID: PMC7552652 DOI: 10.3390/children7090148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the predictive relations of social media and smartphone use to body esteem in female adolescents and the mechanism that underlies these relations. As a result of frequent social media and smartphone use, adolescents are continually exposed to appearance-related media content. This likely reinforces a thin ideal and fosters appearance-based comparison and increases fear of external evaluation. Hence, we investigated a cognitive-affective framework in which the associations of social media and smartphone use with body esteem are serially mediated by cognitive internalization of an ideal body image, appearance comparisons, and social appearance anxiety. By testing female adolescents (N = 100) aged 13 to 18, we found that excessive social media use leads to unhealthy body esteem via intensified cognitive internalization, which aggravates appearance comparisons and anxiety regarding negative appearance evaluation. Further, we found that screen time for specific smartphone activities also harmed body esteem, independent of social media use. However, overall smartphone screen time did not affect body esteem when social media use was taken into consideration. Our findings underscore the multifactor mechanism that elucidates the negative impacts of social media and smartphone activities on body esteem in female adolescents, who are developmentally susceptible to poor body esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajin Yang
- School of Social Science, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178903, Singapore; (H.Y.); (J.J.W.); (G.Y.Q.T.)
| | - Joy Jiaqi Wang
- School of Social Science, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178903, Singapore; (H.Y.); (J.J.W.); (G.Y.Q.T.)
| | - Germaine Y. Q. Tng
- School of Social Science, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178903, Singapore; (H.Y.); (J.J.W.); (G.Y.Q.T.)
| | - Sujin Yang
- Department of Psychology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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29
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Tebar WR, Canhin DS, Colognesi LA, Morano AEVA, Silva DTC, Christofaro DGD. Body dissatisfaction and its association with domains of physical activity and of sedentary behavior in a sample of 15,632 adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 33:539-546. [PMID: 32549167 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Body image is widely related to behavioral factors in adolescents and negative levels has been associated to poor physical and mental health. This study analyzed the association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Methods Data from 15,632 adolescents between 11 and 17 years from the Brazilian National Scholar Health Survey - PeNSE 2015 were analyzed. Body dissatisfaction was self-reported. Sedentary behavior was assessed by hours in television (TV) viewing and in overall sitting behaviors. Physical activity was assessed by amount of time in domains of active commuting, physical education classes at school, and physical activities outside the school. Analyses were adjusted by age, ethnicity, body mass index, and scholarity of mother. Results Body dissatisfaction prevalence was 18.5%, being higher in girls than boys (24.2 vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001). Female gender (OR = 2.35), higher age-group (OR = 1.64), high scholarity of mother (OR = 1.43), and had overweight/obesity (OR = 2.38/4.81) were positively related to body dissatisfaction. Higher sedentary time was associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents when compared to less than 2 h/day of sedentary time (OR varying from 1.45 to 2.14). Physical activity was negatively associated with adolescent body dissatisfaction in all assessed domains, with odds ratio varying from 0.66 to 0.89. Conclusions Body dissatisfaction showed an independent association of with total sedentary behavior (positively) and with different domains of physical activity (negatively) in a large scholar sample of Brazilian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Tebar
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, 19060900, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Canhin
- Movement Sciences Post Graduation Program, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Lucas Antônio Colognesi
- Movement Sciences Post Graduation Program, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa von Ah Morano
- Movement Sciences Post Graduation Program, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Daniela T C Silva
- Post Graduation Program in Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Diego G D Christofaro
- Movement Sciences Post Graduation Program, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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30
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van Dalen M, Dierckx B, Pasmans SGMA, Aendekerk EWC, Mathijssen IMJ, Koudstaal MJ, Timman R, Williamson H, Hillegers MHJ, Utens EMWJ, Okkerse JME. Anxiety and depression in adolescents with a visible difference: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image 2020; 33:38-46. [PMID: 32092507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living with a visible difference can entail challenging social situations, associated with psychosocial symptoms. However, it is not clear whether adolescents with a visible difference experience more anxiety and depression than unaffected peers. We aim to determine whether adolescents with a visible difference experience more symptoms of anxiety and depression than unaffected peers. A literature search was conducted in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO Ovid, and Google Scholar. Meta-analyses were done using random-effects models to calculate a standardised mean difference. Analyses for subgroups were used to study causes of visible difference. Eleven studies were identified (n = 1075, weighted mean age = 15.80). Compared to unaffected peers, adolescents with a visible difference experience more symptoms of anxiety (SMD = 0.253, 95 % CI [0.024, 0.482], p = .030), but not depression (SMD = 0.236, 95 % CI [-0.126, 0.599], p = .202). Adolescents with a skin condition did not experience more symptoms of anxiety (SMD = 0.149, 95 % CI [-0.070, 0.369], p = .182) or depression (SMD = 0.090, 95 % CI [-0.082, 0.262], p = .305) when compared to unaffected peers. Overall, more symptoms of anxiety are found in adolescents with a visible difference compared to peers. No differences in anxiety or depression were found for skin differences. Screening for anxiety is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Dalen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B Dierckx
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S G M A Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E W C Aendekerk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I M J Mathijssen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Koudstaal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Timman
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Williamson
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - M H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E M W J Utens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Academic Center for Child Psychiatry the Bascule/Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 303, 1115 ZG, Duivendrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J M E Okkerse
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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31
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Senín-Calderón C, Santos-Morocho JL, Rodríguez-Testal JF. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ). Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:591-600. [PMID: 30734222 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of a Spanish validation of the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) in a community sample of adolescents. METHODS A total of 4283 people (55.9% girls, aged 12-18) participated. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated four first-order factors related to a second-order factor including the total BIAQ score, with excellent fit and invariance across sex. The total internal consistency of the questionnaire was adequate, although two factors showed low reliability. Strong relationships were found with scales evaluating preoccupation with weight and dysmorphic concerns, and moderate correlations with dissatisfaction and investment in appearance. It was found that 24.06% of adolescents with body image disturbance could be at risk of developing a body image disorder. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support the use of the Spanish translation of the BIAQ for assessing behavioural characteristic of body image disturbance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Senín-Calderón
- Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Ave. República Árabe Saharaui S/N, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José L Santos-Morocho
- Department of Psychology, University of Cuenca, Ave. 12 de abril y Av. Loja. 01.01.168, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Juan F Rodríguez-Testal
- Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department, University of Seville, Camilo José Cela, SN, 41018, Seville, Spain.
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Martínez-Sánchez SM, Martínez-García TE, Munguía-Izquierdo D. Clinical, Psychopathological, Physical, and Sleep Evolution in Adolescents with Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa Participating in a Day Hospital Program. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:366-373. [PMID: 32252510 PMCID: PMC7176561 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical, psychopathological, physical, and sleep-related evolution of adolescents with restricting-type of anorexia nervosa (AN-R) after 10 weeks of a daytime hospital program. METHODS Body composition, physical activity and sleep were measured objectively before and after 10 weeks of treatment. In addition, psychopathology and body image disturbances were measured with a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS Fourteen female adolescents with AN-R (14.3±1.6 years old) participated in the study. A significant increase was found in eight of the ten variables for body composition (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in psychopathology, body image disturbances or physical activity. Concerning sleep, a significant, moderately standardized and substantial increase in night latency was found (p=0.002), and there was a significant, small standardized and substantial decrease in night efficiency (p=0.035). CONCLUSION After 10 weeks of follow-up with adolescent patients with AN-R who attended a day hospital program, there was a positive evolution of body composition. However, with regard to sleep patterns, there was a worsening of latency and night efficiency. Therefore, sleep care should be addressed in acute treatment programs for adolescents with AN-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía M Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Diego Munguía-Izquierdo
- Physical Performance Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging, Madrid, Spain
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Sugimoto N, Nishida A, Ando S, Usami S, Toriyama R, Morimoto Y, Koike S, Yamasaki S, Kanata S, Fujikawa S, Furukawa TA, Sasaki T, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Kasai K. Use of social networking sites and desire for slimness among 10-year-old girls and boys: A population-based birth cohort study. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:288-295. [PMID: 31743492 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Desire for slimness (DS) is a well-established risk factor for eating disorders among adolescents, particularly girls. It is known that exposure to traditional media such as television can increase DS. However, the association between DS and the use of new media, such as social networking sites (SNS), adjusting for relevant potential confounders, has not been examined to-date. In this study, we assessed the relationship between DS and SNS use among early adolescent girls and boys, adjusting for body mass index (BMI), time spent watching television, and Internet use. METHOD DS, SNS use, and confounding variables were assessed using self-report questionnaires and face-to-face interviews from a cross-sectional population-based survey of 4,478 10-year-old Japanese adolescents (2,100 girls and 2,378 boys). RESULTS After adjusting for confounding variables, SNS use was associated with increased risk of DS among girls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-3.18, p = .010), but not among boys (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.64-1.80, p = .786). DISCUSSION Exposure to SNS was associated with an increased risk of DS among early adolescents, especially girls. Targeting SNS use in early adolescence seems a promising approach to prevention of DS and subsequent eating problems, particularly among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sugimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Center for Research and Development on Transition from Secondary to Higher Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Toriyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Morimoto
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Kanata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki A Furukawa
- Health Promotion & Human Behavior, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for the Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Martínez-Sánchez SM, Martínez-García C, Martínez-García TE, Munguía-Izquierdo D. Psychopathology, Body Image and Quality of Life in Female Children and Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study on the Acceptability of a Pilates Program. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:503274. [PMID: 33192640 PMCID: PMC7661430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.503274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness that without early effective treatment becomes chronic with high physical, psychological and social morbidity and high mortality. Pilates exercises can improve quality of life and increase body awareness in different clinical and healthy populations. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the acceptability of a Pilates program in a sample of female children and adolescents with AN by evaluating the psychopathological status, alterations in the perception of body image and health-related quality of life after 10 weeks. Methods: A total of 12 female patients (age: 14.6 ± 1.7 years) completed the 10-week Pilates program. Psychopathology (EDI-3), body image disturbance (CDRS) and quality of life (KIDSCREEN-27) were evaluated before and after the intervention. A satisfaction questionnaire was also provided. Results: Regarding psychopathology, although there were standardized reductions in seven parameters of those that form EDI-3, none of them reached significance. In relation to body image, significant, moderately standardized and substantial decreases were observed in the body dissatisfaction (p = 0.046, Cohen's d = -0.69). There were significant, large standardized and substantial increases in physical well-being (p = 0.008, Cohen's d = 1.37) and significant, moderately standardized and substantial decreases in autonomy and parent relation (p = 0.021, Cohen's d = -0.60). Satisfaction data was positive. Conclusion: A Pilates program could help to improve perceived health outcomes by decreasing body dissatisfaction and increasing physical well-being in female children and adolescents with AN, so Pilates seems to be a beneficial complementary treatment in children and adolescents with AN. These findings from our pilot study are encouraging for future research with a substantially larger sample size, representing the first phase of a longer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía M Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Concha Martínez-García
- Department of Social, Evolutionary, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Diego Munguía-Izquierdo
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Physical Performance Sports Research Center, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Senín‐Calderón C, Gálvez‐González J, Perona‐Garcelán S, Camacho C, Rodríguez‐Testal JF. Dysmorphic concern and behavioural impairment related to body image in adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 55:832-841. [DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salvador Perona‐Garcelán
- Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department University of Seville Seville Spain
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocío Sevilla Spain
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Experimental Psychology University of Seville Seville Spain
| | - Juan F. Rodríguez‐Testal
- Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department University of Seville Seville Spain
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36
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Malete L, Tladi DM, Etnier JL, Makhanda J, Anabwani GM. Examining psychosocial correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in youth with and without HIV. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225890. [PMID: 31790481 PMCID: PMC6886847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine differences in physical activity behaviors as a function of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and sex, to test differences in physical activity self-efficacy (PASE), body weight satisfaction (BWS), and enjoyment of physical activity as a function of HIV status, and to determine if PASE, BWS, and enjoyment are associated with daily physical activity (daily PA), muscle strengthening activities, and sedentary behavior of youth with and without HIV. A total of 250 HIV positive (HIV+) and HIV negative (HIV-) youth from Botswana aged 12–23 years (Mean = 17.87, SD = 2.24) participated in the study. The HIV+ group (n = 88) was recruited from a previous 12-month antiretroviral therapy (ART) and nutrition intervention study. The HIV- group (n = 162) was randomly selected from public junior and senior (secondary) high schools in and around Gaborone. Participants’ PASE, BWS, enjoyment of physical activity, daily PA, muscle strengthening, body mass index (BMI), and sedentary behavior were obtained using items from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that the HIV- group (M = 1.20, SE = 0.06, CI = 1.08 to 1.32) had significantly higher daily PA than the HIV+ group (M = 0.99, SE = 0.08, CI = 0.82 to 1.15). The HIV- group (M = 0.91, SE = 0.06, CI = 0.79 to 1.03) also reported participating significantly more in muscle strengthening activities than the HIV+ group (M = 0.63, SD = 0.08, CI = 0.47 to 0.78). Multiple regression analyses showed that higher PASE (p < .001) and greater enjoyment of PA (p < .01) were predictive of higher daily PA. HIV- participants had higher PASE but lower BWS compared to HIV+ participants. Sex and age differences were observed in muscle strengthening activities and sedentary behavior. This study supports previous findings on the association of efficacy beliefs to daily PA and muscle strengthening activities. The findings have implications for PA interventions aimed at health promotion and mitigation of the effects of living with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leapetswe Malete
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jennifer L. Etnier
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, United States of America
| | - Jerry Makhanda
- The Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Gabriel M. Anabwani
- The Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
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Lee CY, Yusof HM, Zakaria NS. Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviours Related to Weight Control and Body-Image Perceptions among Chinese High School Students. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:122-131. [PMID: 31728124 PMCID: PMC6839653 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body-image perception is one of the determinants in weight management, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to assess weight-control knowledge, attitude and behaviours along with body-image perceptions among Chinese high school students in order to compare the weight-control behaviours with those perceptions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 277 Chinese students in Form 1 and Form 2 in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia using convenience sampling. The following outcomes were evaluated: weight-control knowledge, attitude and behaviours (weight-related knowledge and attitude questionnaire; weight control strategies scale) and body-image perceptions (figure rating scale). Results Both genders were found to have high weight-control knowledge, with female adolescents scoring significantly higher than male adolescents (P = 0.010). However, only half of the adolescents (50.9%) perceived that obesity is bad for health. Although only 44.4% of adolescents were dissatisfied with their current weight status, 62.8% intended to change their present weight status. Male adolescents significantly engaged more in physical activity (PA) (P = 0.035) and self-monitoring (SM) (P = 0.014) compared to their female counterparts. Furthermore, male adolescents chose their current body size as their ideal body image, but female adolescents preferred a slimmer ideal figure. The percentage of male and female adolescents who desired a smaller body figure was 39.6% and 54.5%, respectively. Lastly, there was no significant difference between weight-control behaviours and adolescents’ body-image perceptions. Conclusion Female Chinese adolescents had higher weight-control knowledge and preferred a slimmer body size, yet males were more likely to engage in PA and SM behaviours. Essentially, imprecise attitude towards obesity among half of the Chinese high school students is of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Yin Lee
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hayati Mohd Yusof
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noor Salihah Zakaria
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Borinsky S, Gaughan JP, Feldman-Winter L. Perceived overweight/obesity, low resilience, and body size dissatisfaction among adolescents. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:448-452. [PMID: 31474380 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The obesity epidemic has been compounded by the stress of weight stigmatization. Resilience helps adolescents achieve positive outcomes during times of stress. This study aimed to determine relationships between overweight/obesity, perceived overweight/obesity, body size dissatisfaction (BSD), and/or resilience using a novel assessment tool among adolescents, and to determine if a modifiable factor such as resilience holds potential for treatments for BSD. METHODS Adolescents, ages 13-21, were recruited from clinics at an academic medical center. Weight, height, demographic characteristics, BSD, and resilience were assessed via questionnaires and health records. A model of predictive variables for BSD was tested, and an adjusted analysis was performed using logistic regression. RESULTS Eighty-five adolescents participated: 48% overweight/obese, 32% BSD, and 53% low resilience (LR). There was no association between actual and perceived overweight/obesity and LR (P=0.386 and P=0.123, respectively). Perceived overweight/obesity was five times (AOR 5.3; 95% CI=1.6-14.5; P=0.004) and LR was six times (AOR 6.4; 95% CI=1.9-22.4; P=0.003) more likely to be associated with BSD. The strongest sub-component of LR associated with BSD, was low confidence (OR 4.7; 95% CI=1.4-15.2; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS LR and perceived overweight/obesity are independently associated with BSD. This finding is important because resilience can be improved, thus highlighting a need for future studies involving resilience building interventions to decrease BSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Borinsky
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, United States
| | - John P Gaughan
- Cooper Research Institute, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, United States
| | - Lori Feldman-Winter
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, United States; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, United States.
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Dijkstra P, Van Brummen-Girigori O, Barelds DPH. Weight-Related Selves and Their Relationship With Body Mass Index Among Young Individuals in Curaçao. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798419865402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on the assumptions of self-discrepancy theory, the present study examined the degree of overweight, weight-related body images, and the relation between these images and body mass index (BMI) among two samples of young people from Curaçao (secondary school students, n = 176; undergraduate students, n = 205). In addition to BMI, participants reported their current, ideal, and most feared body sizes, the thinnest and largest body sizes still acceptable to them, and the body size they considered the healthiest by means of the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. We expected females to show a larger discrepancy between current and ideal body size than males (Hypothesis 1) and that this discrepancy (as an indicator of body dissatisfaction) would be related more strongly to BMI among females than among males (Hypothesis 2). Results yielded support for Hypothesis 1 among secondary school students only. Only in the undergraduate sample, BMI and body dissatisfaction were related, but equally so for males and females. Possible explanations are discussed as well as implications for weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieternel Dijkstra
- Institute for Social Psychology: Research, Education and Coaching, Groningen, Netherlands
- Foundation Fair Educational Chance, Willemstad, Curaçao
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Kvalem IL, Træen B, Markovic A, von Soest T. Body Image Development and Sexual Satisfaction: A Prospective Study From Adolescence to Adulthood. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:791-801. [PMID: 30260677 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1518400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to explore whether developmental trajectories of body satisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood predicted measures of sexual satisfaction in young adulthood, even when controlling for important covariates such as gender, weight development, relationship status, mental health, and frequency of sexual intercourse and masturbation. Data were collected from a population-based prospective cohort of Norwegian adolescents (n = 2,587) over a period of 13 years in four waves (1992, 1994, 1999, and 2005; mean age = 14.9 in 1992, 57.3% women). Latent growth curves were estimated for body satisfaction and body mass index (BMI). Men reported higher sexual satisfaction, sexual activity, baseline body satisfaction, and BMI than women. The developmental trajectories revealed a slight increase in body satisfaction and BMI from adolescence to young adulthood in both genders. Moreover, structural equation models showed that baseline body satisfaction in both genders predicted sexual satisfaction as a young adult, independent of relationship status and frequency of sexual activity. Neither the development of BMI nor of body satisfaction predicted sexual satisfaction. The results elucidate the vital role of body satisfaction in sexual satisfaction in adults and the importance of addressing body dissatisfaction in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bente Træen
- a Department of Psychology , University of Oslo
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41
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Baker JH, Higgins Neyland MK, Thornton LM, Runfola CD, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Bulik C. Body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys. Dev Psychol 2019; 55:1566-1578. [PMID: 30985163 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction is a significant mental health symptom present in adolescent girls and boys. However, it is often either disregarded in adolescent boys or examined using assessments that may not resonate with males. The present study addresses these issues, examining the manifestation, etiology, and correlates of 3 facets of body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys. Adolescent male twins aged 16- to 17-years-old from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development were included along with a female comparison group: 915 monozygotic and 671 dizygotic same-sex twins. Body dissatisfaction was defined using measures of height dissatisfaction, muscle dissatisfaction, and the body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-BD). We examined the prevalence of body dissatisfaction, whether the facets of body dissatisfaction were phenotypically and etiologically distinct, and associations with specific externalizing and internalizing symptoms. For boys, muscle dissatisfaction scores were greater than height dissatisfaction scores. Results also indicated that height and muscle dissatisfaction were phenotypically and etiologically distinct from the EDI-BD. Unique associations were observed with externalizing and internalizing symptoms: muscle dissatisfaction with symptoms of bulimia nervosa and the EDI-BD with internalizing symptoms, body mass index, and drive for thinness. The facets of body dissatisfaction were also largely distinct in girls and unique between-sex associations with externalizing and internalizing symptoms emerged. Overall, male-oriented aspects of body dissatisfaction are distinct from female-oriented aspects of body dissatisfaction. To capture the full picture of male body dissatisfaction, multiple facets must be addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Cynthia Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
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Jalali-Farahani S, Abbasi B, Daniali M. Weight associated factors in relation to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Iranian adolescents. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30612572 PMCID: PMC6322246 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-1074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore body weight factors associated with HRQoL of Iranian adolescents. Methods A total of 584 adolescents (12–18 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling method from schools located in Isfahan city in Iran. Body weight, height and waist circumference of adolescents were measured according to standard protocol and body mass index-for-age was determined using Anthroplus software. Adolescents completed a set of self-administered questionnaires which included questions about perceptions of adolescents regarding their body weight status and adolescents’ satisfaction regarding their body weight. To assess HRQoL, adolescents completed the Iranian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ version 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0). Results The mean age of participants was 15.1 ± 1.3 years. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher in boys compared to girls (34.5 vs. 26.7% respectively). More boys (49.5%) had incorrect perceptions regarding their body weight status compared to girls (37.0%), and more girls (39.0%) were dissatisfied with their body weight compared to boys (28.8%). HRQoL scores were not significantly different among body weight status groups except for significantly lower physical functioning scores in underweight adolescents compared to their counterparts (p = 0.049; power = 64%). Based on perception of body weight status, only boys who perceived themselves as underweight or overweight reported lower scores in different subscales of HRQoL compared to those who perceived themselves as normal weight (p < 0.05; power > 85%). In girls, body weight dissatisfaction was significantly associated with poorer HRQoL in psychosocial dimensions, while in boys, body weight dissatisfaction was significantly associated with poorer HRQoL in physical and social functioning subscales (p < 0.05; power > 85%). Conclusion In conclusion, impairment in HRQoL mainly depends on adolescents’ perception and dissatisfaction regarding their body weight and less on their actual body weight status. These findings implying that more attention should be paid to body image as an important target for interventions aiming at promoting HRQoL during early years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdis Daniali
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Pollatos O, Georgiou E, Kobel S, Schreiber A, Dreyhaupt J, Steinacker JM. Trait-Based Emotional Intelligence, Body Image Dissatisfaction, and HRQoL in Children. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:973. [PMID: 32038322 PMCID: PMC6990369 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image dissatisfaction (BID) is related to an increased risk for various health issues including descreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), the development of problematic eating behaviors and obesity. Previous research indicates that emotional intelligence is one important factor related to BID in adults. Whether this is the case in children, remains yet unknown. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between BID and trait-based emotion intelligence (TEI) as well as HRQoL in female and male primary school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS TEI and BID were assessed via self-reports as well as HRQoL via parental reports in a large sample of 991 primary school children (429 girls) within the "Baden Württemberg Study", which evaluated the effectiveness of the health prevention programm "Join the Healthy Boat" in Southwestern Germany. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated the interrelation between higher levels of TEI and lower levels of BID among girls and boys. Positive associations were found between better HRQoL, better intrapersonal and stress management abilites (subscales of TEI) and lower BID, as reflected by parental and self-reports. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal an interconnectivity between TEI, BID, and better HRQoL in female and male primary school children. Although the observed correlations were rather small, they nervertheless support the idea that TEI consists a key-factor for the self-regulation of health-related behavior. Prevention programs could benefit from including processes, that sough to improve aspects of emotional intelligence such as intrapersonal, interpersonal abilities, and adaptability, as an effort of preventing problematic habits or lifestyles that could lead to disordered eating behaviors as well as to obesity in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pollatos
- Clinical & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eleana Georgiou
- Clinical & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Kobel
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Schreiber
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Dreyhaupt
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Vannucci A, Ohannessian CM. Body Image Dissatisfaction and Anxiety Trajectories During Adolescence. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2018; 47:785-795. [PMID: 29087230 PMCID: PMC6072626 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1390755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to examine the associations between baseline body image dissatisfaction (BID) and subsequent anxiety trajectories in a diverse, community sample of adolescent girls and boys. Participants were 581 adolescents (baseline age: M = 16.1, SD = 0.7; 58% female; 65% non-Hispanic White) from U.S. public high schools. Self-report questionnaires were administered during school at 3 annual assessment waves. Latent growth curve modeling examined the association between baseline BID and growth factors of anxiety disorder symptom trajectories. Covariates included baseline gender, age, race/ethnicity, parental education attainment, body mass index standard scores, and depressive symptoms. Higher BID at baseline was significantly associated with higher initial symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), and significant school avoidance (SSA; ps = .001-.04) but was unrelated to initial separation anxiety disorder (SEP) symptoms (p = .27). Higher baseline BID also was associated with attenuated decreases in SAD symptoms across time (p = .001). Among adolescents with low baseline anxiety symptoms only, higher BID was associated with more attenuated decreases in SAD symptoms (p = .01) and greater increases in PD symptoms (p = .02). BID was unrelated to changes in GAD, SEP, and SSA symptoms (ps = .11-.94). Findings suggest that BID is associated with concurrent symptoms of multiple anxiety disorders and may have a prospective link to SAD and PD symptoms during adolescence. As such, assessing body image issues may be important to assess when identifying adolescents at risk for exacerbated SAD and PD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vannucci
- Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, USA 06106
| | - Christine McCauley Ohannessian
- Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, USA 06106
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, USA 06030
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Leppers I, Tiemeier H, Swanson SA, Verhulst FC, Jaddoe VWV, Franco OH, Jansen PW. Agreement between Weight Status and Perceived Body Size and the Association with Body Size Satisfaction in Children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1956-1964. [PMID: 28944615 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive evidence suggests that children and adolescents often inaccurately perceive their body size. However, the extent of this misperception is unclear. This paper describes the agreement between children's actual weight and the perception of body size (self-reported and maternally reported) and the association of actual weight with self-reported body satisfaction. METHODS In a population-based cohort study of 3,408 children aged 9 to 10 years, we assessed the children's self-perception and ideal perception of their body size with the Children's Body Image Scale. Maternal perception of offspring body size was assessed with the question "How would you describe your child at the moment?" Children's height and weight were measured. RESULTS Children tended to rate themselves toward average proportions; e.g., 83.0% of 499 children with overweight/obesity perceived themselves as less heavy then they were. Of those who underestimated their body size, most (79.2%) had a desire to be thinner; all of the children who correctly recognized their overweight/obesity had such a desire. CONCLUSIONS Despite the misperception of body size, the majority of children with overweight/obesity indicated dissatisfaction with their body size, suggesting more self-awareness than would be assumed based on the self-perception assessment of body size alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Leppers
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja A Swanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Gomez-Baya D, Mendoza R, Matos MGD, Tomico A. Sport participation, body satisfaction and depressive symptoms in adolescence: a moderated-mediation analysis of gender differences. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2017.1364988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomez-Baya
- Psychology Department, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramon Mendoza
- Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Tomico
- Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Latiff AA, Muhamad J, Rahman RA. Body image dissatisfaction and its determinants among young primary-school adolescents. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 13:34-41. [PMID: 31435300 PMCID: PMC6694944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Awareness of body image perception among children and adolescents has been rising during recent years. The objectives of this study were to identify body image dissatisfaction and its associated factors among primary-school students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven randomly selected primary schools, involving students aged 11 to 12. A guided self-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic data, body mass index (BMI) parameters, and body image perception (Childress Contour Drawing Rating Scale), was used. Results This study involved 776 primary-school students. Approximately 60.1% of students had body image dissatisfaction, which was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with sex and Body Mass Index (BMI). Females had 2.07 times higher rates of body image dissatisfaction (b = 0.73, OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.53, 2.81, p < 0.001) compared to their male counterparts when adjusted for other variables. Overweight/obese students had 4.06 times greater body image dissatisfaction (b = 1.40, OR = 4.06, 95% CI 2.70, 6.10, p < 0.001) compared to students with normal BMI when adjusted for other variables. Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of body image dissatisfaction that is correlated with sex and BMI among primary-school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmira Ab Latiff
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Juliawati Muhamad
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Razlina A Rahman
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Carter A, Forrest JI, Kaida A. Association Between Internet Use and Body Dissatisfaction Among Young Females: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e39. [PMID: 28183688 PMCID: PMC5324010 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research suggests Internet exposure, including Facebook use, is positively correlated with body dissatisfaction, especially among girls and young women. Canada has one of the highest Internet access rates in the world, yet no previous study has examined this relationship using nationally representative data. Objective Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between Internet use and body dissatisfaction among a national, population-based sample of Canadian females 12-29 years of age. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011-2012. Body dissatisfaction was measured using a 5-point Likert scale and defined as “very dissatisfied/dissatisfied” with one’s body. The explanatory variable was time spent using the Internet per week in the past 3 months, ranging from none/<1 hour to >20 hours. We used multinomial logistic regression to investigate whether greater Internet use was associated with increasing odds of being very dissatisfied/dissatisfied, neutral, or satisfied with one’s body, using very satisfied as the referent. Probability survey sampling weights were applied to all analyses. Results Of 2983 included participants, sampled to represent 940,786 young Canadian females, most were 20-29 years old (61.98%) and living in households with an annual income Can $80,000 or more (44.61%). The prevalence of body dissatisfaction was 14.70%, and 25- to 29-year-olds were more likely than 12- to 14-year-olds to be very dissatisfied or dissatisfied with their body (20.76% vs 6.34%). Few (5.01%) reported none/<1 hour of Internet use, over half (56.93%) reported 1-10 hours, and one-fifth (19.52%) reported spending >20 hours online per week. Adjusting for age and income, the odds of being very dissatisfied/dissatisfied, relative to very satisfied, were greater in the highest versus lowest Internet use group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.03, 95% CI 1.19-7.70). The AORs for this level of body dissatisfaction increased across increasing levels of Internet use, ranging from 0.88 (95% CI 0.35-2.21) to 3.03 (95% CI 1.19-7.70). Additionally, those who spent 11-14 hours online were more likely to be neutral (AOR 3.66, 95% CI 1.17-11.45) and those who spent 15-20 hours online were more likely to be neutral (AOR 4.36, 95% CI 1.18-16.13) or satisfied (AOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.14-7.01) with their bodies, relative to very satisfied, compared with those spending no time or <1 hour online. Conclusions A substantial proportion of Canadian females 12-29 years of age spent large amounts of time (>20 hours) on the Internet each week, and body dissatisfaction was significantly more likely among this group. Those who spent 11-20 hours online were also more likely to be less satisfied with their bodies. Efforts are needed to support girls and young women to achieve and maintain a positive body image in today’s digital age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Carter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Epidemiology and Population Health Program, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jamie I Forrest
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Adolescence is a period marked by important physical and social changes that can lead to a negative body image. The purpose of this study was to find a model enabling the appearance of behavioral impairment related to body image (restrictions, avoidance, and checking) to be predicted by body image attitudes (concern or Appearance Orientation, and dissatisfaction or Appearance Evaluation), Gender, emotional symptomatology, self-consciousness, ideas of reference (IR) and age. A total of 661 participants (67.47% girls) with an average age of 17.14 years (SD=2.34) filled in the GHQ-28, SCS on self-consciousness, REF referential thinking scale, MBSRQ (AO and AE), and BIAQ. A partial mediation model was found for IR, age and depressive symptomatology between dissatisfaction and concern about body image and Gender, to behavioral impairment related to body image. The results found suggest that age, depressive symptomatology, and IR may be mediator variables in the relationship between dissatisfaction and concern about body image, on body image behavioral impairment. This relationship implies a severity to be considered in intervention and monitoring of body image behavioral impairments in adolescents.
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BAHADIR AT, KURU BEKTAŞOĞLU P, ÇAKIROĞLU ESER A, AFACAN C, YÜKSEL M. Psychosocial functioning in pediatric patients with pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:771-777. [DOI: 10.3906/sag-1511-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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