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Aebisher D, Rogóż K, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Wiench R, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. The use of photodynamic therapy in medical practice. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1373263. [PMID: 38803535 PMCID: PMC11129581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1373263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy, especially for tumors near sensitive areas, demands precise treatment. This review explores photodynamic therapy (PDT), a method leveraging photosensitizers (PS), specific wavelength light, and oxygen to target cancer effectively. Recent advancements affirm PDT's efficacy, utilizing ROS generation to induce cancer cell death. With a history spanning over decades, PDT's dynamic evolution has expanded its application across dermatology, oncology, and dentistry. This review aims to dissect PDT's principles, from its inception to contemporary medical applications, highlighting its role in modern cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Kacper Rogóż
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Rafał Wiench
- Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
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Sun H, Yang W, Ong Y, Busch TM, Zhu TC. Fractionated Photofrin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Significantly Improves Long-Term Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5682. [PMID: 38067385 PMCID: PMC10705090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of fractionated (two-part) PDT on the long-term local control rate (LCR) using the concentration of reactive oxygen species ([ROS]rx) as a dosimetry quantity. Groups with different fractionation schemes are examined, including a 2 h interval between light delivery sessions to cumulative fluences of 135, 180, and 225 J/cm2. While the total treatment time remains constant within each group, the division of treatment time between the first and second fractionations are explored to assess the impact on long-term survival at 90 days. In all preclinical studies, Photofrin is intravenously administered to mice at a concentration of 5 mg/kg, with an incubation period between 18 and 24 h before the first light delivery session. Fluence rate is fixed at 75 mW/cm2. Treatment ensues via a collimated laser beam, 1 cm in diameter, emitting light at 630 nm. Dosimetric quantities are assessed for all groups along with long-term (90 days) treatment outcomes. This study demonstrated a significant improvement in long-term survival after fractionated treatment schemes compared to single-fraction treatment, with the optimal 90-day survival increasing to 63%, 86%, and 100% vs. 20%, 25%, and 50%, respectively, for the three cumulative fluences. The threshold [ROS]rx for the optimal scheme of fractionated Photofrin-mediated PDT, set at 0.78 mM, is significantly lower than that for the single-fraction PDT, at 1.08 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.S.); (W.Y.); (T.M.B.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Weibing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.S.); (W.Y.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Yihong Ong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.S.); (W.Y.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Theresa M. Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.S.); (W.Y.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Timothy C. Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.S.); (W.Y.); (T.M.B.)
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Hsia T, Small JL, Yekula A, Batool SM, Escobedo AK, Ekanayake E, You DG, Lee H, Carter BS, Balaj L. Systematic Review of Photodynamic Therapy in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3918. [PMID: 37568734 PMCID: PMC10417382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, gliomas have made up over 89% of malignant CNS tumor cases in the American population (NIH SEER). Within this, glioblastoma is the most common subtype, comprising 57% of all glioma cases. Being highly aggressive, this deadly disease is known for its high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, rendering a complicated disease course. The current standard of care consists of maximally safe tumor resection concurrent with chemoradiotherapy. However, despite advances in technology and therapeutic modalities, rates of disease recurrence are still high and survivability remains low. Given the delicate nature of the tumor location, remaining margins following resection often initiate disease recurrence. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that, following the administration of a non-toxic photosensitizer, induces tumor-specific anti-cancer effects after localized, wavelength-specific illumination. Its effect against malignant glioma has been studied extensively over the last 30 years, in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the three generations of photosensitizers alongside their mechanisms of action, limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffaney Hsia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia L. Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 554414, USA
| | - Syeda M. Batool
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ana K. Escobedo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emil Ekanayake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dong Gil You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Domka W, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Mytych W, Dynarowicz K, Aebisher D. The Use of Photodynamic Therapy for Head, Neck, and Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11867. [PMID: 37511625 PMCID: PMC10380422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head-neck cancers as a group have the 7th highest rate of incidence worldwide. The most often diagnosed disease of the head and neck is squamous cell carcinoma (90% of cases). Another specific group of tumors is brain tumors. These can be divided into primary tumors and secondary tumors associated with metastasis. Research shows that treating head and neck cancers continues to be problematic and challenging, and researchers are actively seeking new treatments that would improve survival rates and reduce side effects. Irradiation of tumor tissue with the optimal wavelength of light in photodynamic therapy (PDT) generates predominantly singlet oxygen in tissue-based photosensitizers (PSs) or reactive oxygen radicals in the case of vascular PSs leading to cellular apoptosis and necrosis. A very important feature of PDT is that cells cannot become immune to the effects of singlet oxygen or reactive oxygen radicals. However, photosensitizer (PS) transport is influenced by the specific structures of cancer tumors and the concentration of PS decreases in cells far from the vessel lumen. Therefore, PSs may not reach tumor interiors, which decreases therapy effectiveness. The use of drug carriers and 3rd generation PSs that contain biocompatible functional groups makes it possible to control transport. This review of the current literature on PDT was conducted through databases such as PubMed and Scopus. The types of publications considered included clinical studies and most of the articles included were published in English. Based on the publications collected, we conclude that researchers have demonstrated the potential of PDT as a therapeutic platform for head, neck, and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Domka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Mytych
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Huang MH, Liu PY, Wu SN. Characterization of Perturbing Actions by Verteporfin, a Benzoporphyrin Photosensitizer, on Membrane Ionic Currents. Front Chem 2019; 7:566. [PMID: 31508407 PMCID: PMC6714490 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Verteporfin (VP), a benzoporphyrin derivative, has been clinically tailored as a photosensitizer and recently known to suppress YAP-TEAD complex accompanied by suppression of the growth in an array of neoplastic cells. However, the detailed information is little available regarding possible modifications of it and its related compounds on transmembrane ionic currents, despite its growing use in clinical settings. In this study, from whole cell recordings, VP (0.3-100 μM) increased the amplitude of Ca2+-activated K+ currents (I K(Ca)) in pituitary tumor (GH3) cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 2.4 μM. VP-stimulated I K(Ca) in these cells was suppressed by further addition of either paxilline, iberiotoxin, or dithiothreitol, but not by that of tobultamide or TRAM-39. VP at a concentration of 10 μM mildly suppressed the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K+ current; however, it had minimal effects on M-type K+ current. In cell-attached current recordings, addition of VP to the recording medium enhanced the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels. In the presence of VP, additional illumination with light intensity of 5.5 mW/cm2 raised the probability of BKCa-channel openings further. Addition of VP decreased the peak amplitude of L-type Ca2+ current together with slowed inactivation time course of the current; however, it failed to modify voltage-gated Na+ current. Illumination of GH3 cells in continued presence of VP also induced a non-selective cation current. Additionally, VP increased the activity of BKCa channels in human 13-06-MG glioma cells with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM. Therefore, the effects of VP on ionic currents described herein tend to be upstream of its inhibition of YAP-TEAD complex and they are conceivably likely to contribute to the underlying mechanisms through which it and its structurally similar compounds effect the modifications in functional activities of pituitary or glial neoplastic cells, if the in vivo findings occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Han Huang
- College of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Yanovsky RL, Bartenstein DW, Rogers GS, Isakoff SJ, Chen ST. Photodynamic therapy for solid tumors: A review of the literature. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 35:295-303. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana W. Bartenstein
- Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Internal Medicine Residency Program Brigham & Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Gary S. Rogers
- Tufts University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Steven J. Isakoff
- Department of Hematology Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Steven T. Chen
- Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
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Kim MM, Ghogare AA, Greer A, Zhu TC. On the in vivo photochemical rate parameters for PDT reactive oxygen species modeling. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:R1-R48. [PMID: 28166056 PMCID: PMC5510640 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/62/5/r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizer photochemical parameters are crucial data in accurate dosimetry for photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on photochemical modeling. Progress has been made in the last few decades in determining the photochemical properties of commonly used photosensitizers (PS), but mostly in solution or in vitro. Recent developments allow for the estimation of some of these photochemical parameters in vivo. This review will cover the currently available in vivo photochemical properties of photosensitizers as well as the techniques for measuring those parameters. Furthermore, photochemical parameters that are independent of environmental factors or are universal for different photosensitizers will be examined. Most photosensitizers discussed in this review are of the type II (singlet oxygen) photooxidation category, although type I photosensitizers that involve other reactive oxygen species (ROS) will be discussed as well. The compilation of these parameters will be essential for ROS modeling of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Neumann LM, Beseoglu K, Slotty PJ, Senger B, Kamp MA, Hänggi D, Steiger HJ, Cornelius JF. Efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy in pituitary adenomas-experimental study on rat and human cell cultures. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 14:77-83. [PMID: 26906188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incomplete resection of pituitary adenomas may result in recurrence. As adjuvant irradiation is not riskless, alternative treatment options should be investigated. 5-aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy (5-ALA based PDT) showed promising results for malignant gliomas. The present study examined the efficacy of 5-ALA PDT in vitro on benign pituitary adenoma cell cultures. METHODS In group I experiments were performed on immortalized rat pituitary adenoma cells (GH3). The cultured cells were treated with different 5-ALA concentrations ranging from 7.5-16.5μg/ml. In Group II human pituitary adenoma cell cultures were obtained from surgically resected adenoma tissue (n=15). These were incubated with 5-ALA concentrations from 12.5-100μg/ml. The concentration ranges had been determined in preliminary dose-finding tests. For both groups incubation time was four hours and PDT was performed by exposition to laser light (635nm, 625s, 18.75J/cm(2)). Cell viability was examined by WST-1 assay. RESULTS In both groups PDT showed a 5-ALA concentration-dependent effect on cell death. In group I lower 5-ALA concentrations were necessary to destroy all cells as compared to group II. Moreover, in group II, the different subtypes of human adenomas showed different sensitivities to 5-ALA-based PDT (secreting vs. non-secreting). Especially corticotroph adenomas were highly sensitive to 5-ALA PDT. CONCLUSIONS The GH3 cell line was an useful in vitro model to optimize different PDT parameters. Human pituitary adenoma cells could also be killed by 5-ALA PDT, however this required higher 5-ALA concentrations. Furthermore, the results suggested different 5-ALA sensitivities between different human adenoma cell types. More experiments are necessary to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Margarete Neumann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerim Beseoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Joerg Slotty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brigitte Senger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Alexander Kamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans Jakob Steiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Frederick Cornelius
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Moghissi K, Dixon K, Gibbins S. A Surgical View of Photodynamic Therapy in Oncology: A Review. Surg J (N Y) 2015; 1:e1-e15. [PMID: 28824964 PMCID: PMC5530619 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1565246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) has existed for over 30 years, and its scientific basis has been known and investigated for well over 100 years. The scientific foundation of PDT is solid and its application to cancer treatment for many common neoplastic lesions has been the subject of a huge number of clinical trials and observational studies. Yet its acceptance by many clinicians has suffered from its absence from the undergraduate and/or postgraduate education curricula of surgeons, physicians, and oncologists. Surgeons in a variety of specialties many with years of experience who are familiar with PDT bear witness in many thousands of publications to its safety and efficacy as well as to the unique role that it can play in the treatment of cancer with its targeting precision, its lack of collateral damage to healthy structures surrounding the treated lesions, and its usage within minimal access therapy. PDT is closely related to the fluorescence phenomenon used in photodiagnosis. This review aspires both to inform and to present the clinical aspect of PDT as seen by a surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Moghissi
- The Yorkshire Laser Centre, Goole and District Hospital, Goole, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Dixon
- The Yorkshire Laser Centre, Goole and District Hospital, Goole, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Gibbins
- The Yorkshire Laser Centre, Goole and District Hospital, Goole, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Cerman E, Çekiç O. Clinical use of photodynamic therapy in ocular tumors. Surv Ophthalmol 2015; 60:557-74. [PMID: 26079736 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the introduction of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs reduced the indications for photodynamic therapy in ophthalmology, it may still be used in various ocular tumors. Although many studies have shown that photodynamic therapy is effective in ocular tumors, the literature consists of case reports and series. In this review, we systematically performed a meta-analysis for the use of photodynamic therapy in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, diffuse choroidal hemangioma, retinal capillary hemangioma, von Hippel-Lindau angiomatosis, choroidal melanoma, retinal astrocytoma, retinoblastoma, eyelid tumors, conjunctival tumors, and choroidal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Cerman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Çekiç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Effect of DTPP-mediated photodynamic therapy on cell morphology, viability, cell cycle, and cytotoxicity in a murine lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:181-91. [PMID: 25118661 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the administration and activation of photosensitizing reagents in cancer tissues to induce cytotoxicity. Here we examined the effects of 5-5- (4-N, N-diacetoxylphenyl)-10,15,20- tetraphenylporphyrin (DTPP) -mediated PDT on cell morphology, viability, cell cycle, and cytotoxicity in a murine lung adenocarcinoma cell line. LA795 murine lung adenocarcinoma cell line was used in the study, with cellular uptake of DTPP being quantified by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The subcellular localization of DTPP was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy, alteration of cell morphology after PDT was observed by an inverted light microscope, and late-stage apoptosis was examined by terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) . The effects of influencing factors on cytotoxicity of PDT in LA795 cells was investigated with varying concentrations of DTPP, energy densities, power densities, and antioxidants by 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Effects of PDT on cell cycle and plasma membrane integrity were studied by flow cytometry analysis. The uptake of DTPP by LA795 cells reached maximum after incubation for 24 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that DTPP was mainly in the mitochondrion, and slight localization was detected in the lysosomes. Cellular inhibitory effects increased with increased irradiation dose and DTPP concentration, while unactivated DTPP had low toxicity. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that DTPP-PDT-treated cells showed S phase arrest. Cell membrane damage initiation, repair, and irreversible damage were observed at 2, 4, and 5 h after DTPP-PDT , respectively. Together, our results demonstrated cell apoptosis, compromised viability, and cell cycle S phase arrest of LA795 in response to DTPP-PDT , while no effect on the lung cancer cells was observed with irradiation or photosensitizer treatment alone.
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12
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Photodynamic therapy of malignant brain tumours: A complementary approach to conventional therapies. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:229-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Teper E, Makhov P, Golovine K, Canter DJ, Myers CB, Kutikov A, Sterious SN, Uzzo RG, Kolenko VM. The effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives on protoporphyrin IX accumulation and apoptotic cell death in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells. Urology 2012; 80:1391.e1-7. [PMID: 22950992 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether pharmacologically relevant zinc-binding agents are capable of depleting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in tumor cells. Our prior work reveals that treatment with zinc-chelating agents induces selective downregulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in cancer cells of various origins. A precursor of the heme synthetic pathway, 5-aminolevulinic acid, is metabolized to protoporphyrin IX, which is highly reactive with zinc. We assessed whether modified versions of 5-aminolevulinic acid with lipophilic side chains can enhance efficacy and selectivity with respect to protoporphyrin IX accumulation, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein depletion, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis in human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. METHODS Seven modified versions of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5 esters and 2 amides) were synthesized. Levels of endogenous protoporphyrin IX were examined by flow cytometry. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression was examined by Western blotting. terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay was used to assess cell apoptosis. Results were compared qualitatively. RESULTS Accumulation of endogenous protoporphyrin IX by castration-resistant prostate cancer cells was shown to be directly related to the carbon chain length of the esterified 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives. In fact, treatment with 5-aminolevulinic acid-HE was superior to that achieved by 5-aminolevulinic acid with respect to X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein downregulation. 5-aminolevulinic acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid-HE in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand significantly enhanced apoptotic cell death in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION Esterified derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid alone or in combination with other agents may provide therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer by harnessing apoptotic pathways that are triggered by cellular zinc imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Teper
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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Agostinis P, Berg K, Cengel KA, Foster TH, Girotti AW, Gollnick SO, Hahn SM, Hamblin MR, Juzeniene A, Kessel D, Korbelik M, Moan J, Mroz P, Nowis D, Piette J, Wilson BC, Golab J. Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61:250-81. [PMID: 21617154 PMCID: PMC3209659 DOI: 10.3322/caac.20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3223] [Impact Index Per Article: 247.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved, minimally invasive therapeutic procedure that can exert a selective cytotoxic activity toward malignant cells. The procedure involves administration of a photosensitizing agent followed by irradiation at a wavelength corresponding to an absorbance band of the sensitizer. In the presence of oxygen, a series of events lead to direct tumor cell death, damage to the microvasculature, and induction of a local inflammatory reaction. Clinical studies revealed that PDT can be curative, particularly in early stage tumors. It can prolong survival in patients with inoperable cancers and significantly improve quality of life. Minimal normal tissue toxicity, negligible systemic effects, greatly reduced long-term morbidity, lack of intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic as well as organ function-sparing effects of this treatment make it a valuable therapeutic option for combination treatments. With a number of recent technological improvements, PDT has the potential to become integrated into the mainstream of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cell Death Research & Therapy Laboratory, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium,
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway, ;
| | - Keith A. Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19004, USA, ;
| | - Thomas H. Foster
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,
| | - Albert W. Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-3548, USA,
| | - Sandra O. Gollnick
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA,
| | - Stephen M. Hahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19004, USA, ;
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114-2696, USA, ;
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway, ;
| | - David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA,
| | | | - Johan Moan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway, ;
- Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Pawel Mroz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114-2696, USA, ;
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, ;
| | - Jacques Piette
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège Belgium,
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Ontario Cancer Institute/University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada,
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, ;
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department 3, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Xu D, Ke Y, Jiang X, Cai Y, Peng Y, Li Y. In vitrophotodynamic therapy on human U251 glioma cells with a novel photosensitiser ZnPcS4-BSA. Br J Neurosurg 2010; 24:660-5. [DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2010.500416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Aziz F, Telara S, Moseley H, Goodman C, Manthri P, Eljamel MS. Photodynamic therapy adjuvant to surgery in metastatic carcinoma in brain. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2009; 6:227-30. [PMID: 19932456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cerebral metastases occur in 15-40% of cancers and their incidence is increasing. We have studied the use of fluorescence image-guided surgery and repetitive photodynamic therapy in 14 metastatic brain cancers. METHODS Case note review of prospectively collected data on patients who were treated with PDT at the time of surgery for brain metastases. Patients were consented for the surgery and PDT. Patients were given 2 mg/kg body weight of Photofrin IV 48 h before the surgery and 20 mg/kg 5-aminolevulenic acid orally 3h before surgery. Following resection of the tumor using fluorescence, microsurgical and image guidance techniques, the post-excision cavity is filled with a balloon using 0.32% intralipid solution and up to five consecutive PDT treatments were given using 100 J/cm(2) Diode Laser 630 nm. Patients were followed up clinically and by brain imaging every 3 months till their death. RESULTS Seven were lung in origin and seven of variable sources. One patient with lung metastases died of unrelated cause while the remaining six had remained free from brain disease till their death. Two of the remaining seven patients died of local brain recurrence, one bowel after 4 weeks and one of unknown primary after 70 weeks. CONCLUSION Adjuvant repetitive PDT seems to offer an excellent local control of metastatic brain carcinomas with about 79% of patients succumb to the primary and only two out of fourteen died of brain recurrence with the best results obtained in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aziz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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17
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18
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Zhu TC, Finlay JC. Prostate PDT dosimetry. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2006; 3:234-46. [PMID: 25046988 PMCID: PMC4469490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide a review of the current state of dosimetry in prostate photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT of the human prostate has been performed with a number of different photosensitizers and with a variety of dosimetry schemes. The simplest clinical light dose prescription is to quantify the total light energy emitted per length (J/cm) of cylindrical diffusing fibers (CDF) for patients treated with a defined photosensitizer injection per body weight. However, this approach does not take into account the light scattering by tissue and usually underestimates the local light fluence rate, and consequently the fluence. Techniques have been developed to characterize tissue optical properties and light fluence rates in vivo using interstitial measurements during prostate PDT. Optical methods have been developed to characterize tissue absorption and scattering spectra, which in turn provide information about tissue oxygenation and drug concentration. Fluorescence techniques can be used to quantify drug concentrations and photobleaching rates of photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street/2 Doner Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jarod C. Finlay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street/2 Doner Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly being recognized as an attractive, alternative treatment modality for superficial cancer. Treatment consists of two relatively simple procedures: the administration of a photosensitive drug and illumination of the tumor to activate the drug. Efficacy is high for small superficial tumors and, except for temporary skin photosensitization, there are no long-term side effects if appropriate protocols are followed. Healing occurs with little or no scarring and the procedure can be repeated without cumulative toxicity. Considering the efficacy and lack of long-term toxicity of PDT, and the fact that the first treatment of cancer with PDT was done more than 100 years ago, one might expect that this treatment had already become an established therapy. However, PDT is currently offered in only a few selected centers, although it is slowly gaining acceptance as an alternative to conventional cancer therapies. Here, we show the developmental steps PDT underwent and summarize the current clinical applications. The data show that, when properly used, PDT is an effective alternative treatment option in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Triesscheijn
- Division of Experimental Therapy (H6), The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Stylli SS, Kaye AH. Photodynamic therapy of cerebral glioma – A review Part II – Clinical studies. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 13:709-17. [PMID: 16567094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a binary treatment modality that has been used to treat malignant brain tumours for 25 years. The treatment involves the selective uptake of a photosensitizer (PS) by the tumour cells followed by irradiation of the tumour with light of the appropriate wavelength to excite and activate the PS resulting in selective tumour destruction and is a potentially valuable adjunct to surgical excision and other conventional therapies. PDT has undergone extensive laboratory studies and clinical trials with a variety of PS and tumour models. These are discussed with reference mainly to clinical studies involving the PDT of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 5th Floor Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality for the treatment of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathologies. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS PDT usually occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from light-activated chemicals (photosensitizer, PS) destroy the target. For non-dermatologic applications the PS are delivered systemically and accumulate, at different concentrations, in most organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Typically there is a modest enhanced accumulation of the PS in tumor tissues, providing a first level of selectivity. Additional selectivity is provided by the confined illumination of the target area with the appropriate wavelength of light. For the treatment of pathologies in complex anatomical sites, such as in the peritoneal cavity, where restricted illumination is difficult; improved targeting of the PS is necessary to prevent damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. This article will focus on targeted PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Solban
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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22
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received increased attention since the regulatory approvals have been granted to several photosensitizing drugs and light applicators worldwide. Much progress has been seen in basic sciences and clinical photodynamics in recent years. This review will focus on new developments of clinical investigation and discuss the usefulness of various forms of PDT techniques for curative or palliative treatment of malignant and non-malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- HealthONE Alliance, 899 Logan Street, Suite 203, Denver, CO 80203, USA.
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23
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Abstract
It is more than 25 years since photodynamic therapy (PDT) was proposed as a useful tool in oncology, but the approach is only now being used more widely in the clinic. The understanding of the biology of PDT has advanced, and efficient, convenient, and inexpensive systems of light delivery are now available. Results from well-controlled, randomised phase III trials are also becoming available, especially for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer and Barrett's oesophagus, and improved photosensitising drugs are in development. PDT has several potential advantages over surgery and radiotherapy: it is comparatively non-invasive, it can be targeted accurately, repeated doses can be given without the total-dose limitations associated with radiotherapy, and the healing process results in little or no scarring. PDT can usually be done in an outpatient or day-case setting, is convenient for the patient, and has no side-effects. Two photosensitising drugs, porfirmer sodium and temoporfin, have now been approved for systemic administration, and aminolevulinic acid and methyl aminolevulinate have been approved for topical use. Here, we review current use of PDT in oncology and look at its future potential as more selective photosensitising drugs become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley B Brown
- Centre for Photobiology and Photodynamic Therapy, School of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Leeds, UK.
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24
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Eljamel MS. New light on the brain: The role of photosensitizing agents and laser light in the management of invasive intracranial tumors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2003; 2:303-9. [PMID: 12892512 DOI: 10.1177/153303460300200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive intracranial tumors, particularly malignant gliomas, are very difficult to eradicate surgically and carry a dismal prognosis. The vast majority relapse locally indicating that their cure is dependent on radical and complete local excision. However, their ability to invade and hide among normal brain tissue, our inability to visualize and detect them, the low tolerance of brain tissue to ionizing radiation and the presence of the blood brain barrier are the main causes of our failure to eradicate them. Photodynamic detection with 100% specificity and more than 80% sensitivity offers an excellent chance of visualizing camouflaged tumor nests. Also, photodynamic therapy offers a very good chance of targeted destruction of the remaining tumor cells safely following surgical excision and may double the survival of patients harboring these awful tumors. More work needs to be done to refine this promising technology to exploit it to its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sam Eljamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Block, Level 6, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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