3
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Studd EK, Bates AE, Bramburger AJ, Fernandes T, Hayden B, Henry HAL, Humphries MM, Martin R, McMeans BC, Moise ERD, O'Sullivan AM, Sharma S, Sinclair BJ, Sutton AO, Templer PH, Cooke SJ. Nine Maxims for the Ecology of Cold-Climate Winters. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Frozen winters define life at high latitudes and altitudes. However, recent, rapid changes in winter conditions have highlighted our relatively poor understanding of ecosystem function in winter relative to other seasons. Winter ecological processes can affect reproduction, growth, survival, and fitness, whereas processes that occur during other seasons, such as summer production, mediate how organisms fare in winter. As interest grows in winter ecology, there is a need to clearly provide a thought-provoking framework for defining winter and the pathways through which it affects organisms. In the present article, we present nine maxims (concise expressions of a fundamentally held principle or truth) for winter ecology, drawing from the perspectives of scientists with diverse expertise. We describe winter as being frozen, cold, dark, snowy, less productive, variable, and deadly. Therefore, the implications of winter impacts on wildlife are striking for resource managers and conservation practitioners. Our final, overarching maxim, “winter is changing,” is a call to action to address the need for immediate study of the ecological implications of rapidly changing winters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Studd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Andrew J Bramburger
- Department of Ocean Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Timothy Fernandes
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Hayden
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Hugh A L Henry
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray M Humphries
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Rosemary Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bailey C McMeans
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric R D Moise
- Natural Resources Canada's Canadian Forest Service, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Antóin M O'Sullivan
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex O Sutton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela H Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Beal M, Dias MP, Phillips RA, Oppel S, Hazin C, Pearmain EJ, Adams J, Anderson DJ, Antolos M, Arata JA, Arcos JM, Arnould JPY, Awkerman J, Bell E, Bell M, Carey M, Carle R, Clay TA, Cleeland J, Colodro V, Conners M, Cruz-Flores M, Cuthbert R, Delord K, Deppe L, Dilley BJ, Dinis H, Elliott G, De Felipe F, Felis J, Forero MG, Freeman A, Fukuda A, González-Solís J, Granadeiro JP, Hedd A, Hodum P, Igual JM, Jaeger A, Landers TJ, Le Corre M, Makhado A, Metzger B, Militão T, Montevecchi WA, Morera-Pujol V, Navarro-Herrero L, Nel D, Nicholls D, Oro D, Ouni R, Ozaki K, Quintana F, Ramos R, Reid T, Reyes-González JM, Robertson C, Robertson G, Romdhane MS, Ryan PG, Sagar P, Sato F, Schoombie S, Scofield RP, Shaffer SA, Shah NJ, Stevens KL, Surman C, Suryan RM, Takahashi A, Tatayah V, Taylor G, Thompson DR, Torres L, Walker K, Wanless R, Waugh SM, Weimerskirch H, Yamamoto T, Zajkova Z, Zango L, Catry P. Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabd7225. [PMID: 33658194 PMCID: PMC7929510 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beal
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal.
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Maria P Dias
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Carolina Hazin
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Pearmain
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Josh Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, 2885 Mission St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - David J Anderson
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
| | - Michelle Antolos
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Javier A Arata
- Independent researcher, 204-100 Coe Hill Dr, Toronto, ON M6S 3E1, Canada
| | - José Manuel Arcos
- SEO/BirdLife, Marine Programme, C/Murcia 2-8, local 13, 08026 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John P Y Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Jill Awkerman
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bell
- Wildlife Management International Limited, P.O. Box 607, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
| | - Mike Bell
- Wildlife Management International Limited, P.O. Box 607, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
| | - Mark Carey
- Department of Environmental Management and Ecology, La Trobe University Albury-Wodonga Campus, Wodonga, VIC 3689, Australia
| | - Ryan Carle
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Yerbas Buenas 498, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Thomas A Clay
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jaimie Cleeland
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Melinda Conners
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Marta Cruz-Flores
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- World Land Trust, Blyth House, Bridge Street, Halesworth, Suffolk IP19 8AB, UK
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Lorna Deppe
- The Hutton's Shearwater Charitable Trust, 100 Watsons Road, Blenheim 7273, New Zealand
| | - Ben J Dilley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Graeme Elliott
- Department of Conservation, Private Bag 5, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Fernanda De Felipe
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jonathan Felis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, 2885 Mission St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Manuela G Forero
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Avenida de Américo Vespucio, 26 Isla de la Cartuja 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amanda Freeman
- Nature North, P.O. Box 1536, Atherton, QLD 4883, Australia
| | - Akira Fukuda
- Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Pedro Granadeiro
- CESAM, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Ernesto Vasconcelos, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - April Hedd
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research Division, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, NL A1N 4T3, Canada
| | - Peter Hodum
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Yerbas Buenas 498, Valparaíso, Chile
- Biology Department, University of Puget Sound, 1500 N. Warner St., Tacoma, WA 98416, USA
| | - José Manuel Igual
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles, Balears, Spain
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie) Université de La Réunion, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS92003, 97744 Saint Denis messag cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Todd J Landers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Auckland Museum, The Domain, Parnell, Auckland 1052, New Zealand
- Auckland Council, Private Bag 92300, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Matthieu Le Corre
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie) Université de La Réunion, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS92003, 97744 Saint Denis messag cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Azwianewi Makhado
- Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Metzger
- BirdLife Malta, 57/28 Marina Court, Abate Rigord Street, Ta' Xbiex, XBX 1120, Malta
| | - Teresa Militão
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Virginia Morera-Pujol
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Leia Navarro-Herrero
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Deon Nel
- WWF-Netherlands, Driebergseweg 10, 3708 JB Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - David Nicholls
- Chisholm Institute, Bonbeach Campus, Breeze Street, Carmm, VIC 3197, Australia
| | - Daniel Oro
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes CEAB (CSIC), Acces Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Spain
| | - Ridha Ouni
- Tunisian Wildlife Conservation Society. Faculté des Sciences Mathématique, physique et biologiques de Tunis (FST), Campus Universitaire, El Manar, CP 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kiyoaki Ozaki
- Division of Avian Conservation, Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, 115 Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba 270-11, Japan
| | - Flavio Quintana
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bv. Almte Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Raül Ramos
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Tim Reid
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization, CSIRO, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - José Manuel Reyes-González
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Graham Robertson
- Independent researcher, 9 Roba Court, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Mohamed Salah Romdhane
- Université de Carthage Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Avenue Charles Nicole, 1082 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Paul Sagar
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Fumio Sato
- Division of Avian Conservation, Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, 115 Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba 270-11, Japan
| | - Stefan Schoombie
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - R Paul Scofield
- Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8053, New Zealand
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Nirmal Jivan Shah
- Nature Seychelles Centre for Environment and Education, Sanctuary at Roche Caiman, Mahe, Seychelles
| | - Kim L Stevens
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Robert M Suryan
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Vikash Tatayah
- Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Graeme Taylor
- Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand
| | - David R Thompson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Leigh Torres
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Kath Walker
- Department of Conservation, Private Bag 5, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Ross Wanless
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Susan M Waugh
- Office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, 2 The Terrace, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Zuzana Zajkova
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Laura Zango
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
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