1
|
Wang L, Zhang X, Shen J, Wei Y, Zhao T, Xiao N, Lv X, Qin D, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Xie J, Li Z, Xie Z. Models of gouty nephropathy: exploring disease mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1305431. [PMID: 38487029 PMCID: PMC10937455 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1305431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gouty nephropathy (GN) is a metabolic disease with persistently elevated blood uric acid levels. The main manifestations of GN are crystalline kidney stones, chronic interstitial nephritis, and renal fibrosis. Understanding the mechanism of the occurrence and development of GN is crucial to the development of new drugs for prevention and treatment of GN. Currently, most studies exploring the pathogenesis of GN are primarily based on animal and cell models. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death mediated by uric acid and sodium urate are involved in the pathogenesis of GN. In this article, we first review the mechanisms underlying the abnormal intrinsic immune activation and programmed cell death in GN and then describe the characteristics and methods used to develop animal and cell models of GN caused by elevated uric acid and deposited sodium urate crystals. Finally, we propose potential animal models for GN caused by abnormally high uric acid levels, thereby provide a reference for further investigating the methods and mechanisms of GN and developing better prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Xie
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaohu Xie
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Zhang M, Teng Zhu La AL, Lyu Z, Li X, Feng Y, Liu D, Guo Y, Hu Y. Quercetin-enriched Lactobacillus aviarius alleviates hyperuricemia by hydrolase-mediated degradation of purine nucleosides. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106928. [PMID: 37717681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout is associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Quercetin can reduce serum uric acid levels and thus alleviate HUA by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the detailed mechanisms involved in this process are not fully understood. Here, we showed that quercetin significantly reduced the serum uric acid level in a chicken HUA model by altering the chicken cecal microbiota structure and function and increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus aviarius. An L. aviarius strain, CML180, was isolated from the quercetin-treated chicken gut microbiota. Strain characterization indicated that quercetin promoted the growth of L. aviarius CML180 and increased its adhesion, hydrophobicity, and co-aggregation abilities. Gavage of live L. aviarius CML180 to a mouse model of HUA-established by adenosine and potassium oxonate-reduced the serum uric acid level and alleviated HUA. The ability of L. aviarius CML180 to decrease the level of uric acid was due to its degradation of purine nucleosides, which are the precursors for uric acid production. A nucleoside hydrolase gene, nhy69, was identified from the genome of L. aviarius CML180, and the resulting protein, Nhy69, exhibited strong purine nucleoside-hydrolyzing activity at mesophilic temperature and neutral pH conditions. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the potential of quercetin to treat HUA or gout diseases via a specific gut microbe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - A La Teng Zhu La
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengtian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bercier M. Gerontology of Psittacines. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020:S1094-9194(20)30050-5. [PMID: 32891513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With recent improvements in the husbandry, nutrition, and veterinary care of captive psittacines, the avian clinician must be familiar with common medical condition seen in geriatric parrots. A review of the theory of evolution and avian senescence is provided. Five clinically relevant medical conditions are described: organ failure, atherosclerosis, neoplasia, cataracts, and osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Bercier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Time-Feature of Uric Acid Excretion in Hyperuricemia Mice Induced by Potassium Oxonate and Adenine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155178. [PMID: 32707836 PMCID: PMC7432283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an important risk factor of chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess the time-feature relationship of hyperuricemia mouse model on uric acid excretion and renal function. A hyperuricemia mouse model was established by potassium oxonate (PO) and adenine for 21 days. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine plasma uric acid level. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe kidney pathological changes, and Western blot was used to detect renal urate transporters’ expression. In hyperuricemia mice, plasma uric acid level increased significantly from the 3rd day, and tended to be stable from the 7th day, and the clearance rate of uric acid decreased greatly from the 3rd day. Further study found that the renal organ of hyperuricemia mice showed slight damage from the 3rd day, and significantly deteriorated renal function from the 10th day. In addition, the expression levels of GLUT9 and URAT1 were upregulated from the 3rd day, while ABCG2 and OAT1 were downregulated from the 3rd day, and NPT1 were downregulated from the 7th day in hyperuricemia mice kidney. This paper presents a method suitable for experimental hyperuricemia mouse model, and shows the time-feature of each index in a hyperuricemia mice model.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu J, Dalbeth N, Yin H, Li C, Merriman TR, Wei WH. Mouse models for human hyperuricaemia: a critical review. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 15:413-426. [PMID: 31118497 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia (increased serum urate concentration) occurs mainly in higher primates, including in humans, because of inactivation of the gene encoding uricase during primate evolution. Individuals with hyperuricaemia might develop gout - a painful inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition in articular structures. Hyperuricaemia is also associated with common chronic diseases, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Many mouse models have been developed to investigate the causal mechanisms for hyperuricaemia. These models are highly diverse and can be divided into two broad categories: mice with genetic modifications (genetically induced models) and mice exposed to certain environmental factors (environmentally induced models; for example, pharmaceutical or dietary induction). This Review provides an overview of the mouse models of hyperuricaemia and the relevance of these models to human hyperuricaemia, with an emphasis on those models generated through genetic modifications. The challenges in developing and comparing mouse models of hyperuricaemia and future research directions are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Wen-Hua Wei
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Treatment of avian renal disease relies on supportive care, such as fluid therapy and nutritional support. Analgesia and adaptations of the environment are indicated in cases of renal disease associated with painful joints. Other treatments vary with the underlying etiology and may include systemic antibiotics, antifungal therapy, vitamin A supplementation, or chelation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Cojean
- Zoological Medicine Service, Clinique vétérinaire Benjamin Franklin, 38 rue du Danemark, ZA Porte Océane II, Brech 56400, France
| | - Sylvain Larrat
- Zoological Medicine Service, Clinique vétérinaire Benjamin Franklin, 38 rue du Danemark, ZA Porte Océane II, Brech 56400, France
| | - Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Service de médecine zoologique, Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Carro MD, Falkenstein E, Radke WJ, Klandorf H. Effects of allopurinol on uric acid concentrations, xanthine oxidoreductase activity and oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 151:12-7. [PMID: 19654053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of allopurinol (AL) on xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity and uric acid (UA) levels in chickens. Thirty 5-week-old broilers were divided into three groups and fed 0 (control), 25 (AL25) or 50 (AL50) mg AL per kg of body mass for 5 weeks. Chicks were weighed twice weekly and leukocyte oxidative activity (LOA) and plasma purine levels were determined weekly in five birds per group. Chicks were sacrificed after 2 or 5 weeks, and samples from tissues were taken for analysis of XOR activity. Plasma UA concentrations were lower (P<0.001) and xanthine and hypoxanthine concentrations were greater (P<0.001) in AL25 and AL50 birds compared to controls, whereas no differences (P=0.904) were detected in allantoin concentrations. By week 5, body mass was reduced (P<0.001) to 84.0 and 65.1% of that in controls for AL25 and AL50 broilers, respectively, and LOA was 4.1 times greater (P<0.05) in AL25 compared to control birds. Liver XOR activity was increased by 1.1 and 1.2 times in AL25 and AL50 birds, but there was no change (P>0.05) in XOR activity in the pancreas and intestine. These results suggest that AL effect on XOR activity is tissue dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Carro
- Division of Animal & Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- David Costantini
- Ornis italica, Piazza Crati 15, I-00199 Roma, Italy, and Division of Neuroanatomy and Behaviour, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hernandez-Divers SJ, Martinez-Jimenez D, Bush S, Latimer KS, Zwart P, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB. Effects of allopurinol on plasma uric acid levels in normouricaemic and hyperuricaemic green iguanas (Iguana iguana
). Vet Rec 2008; 162:112-5. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.4.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Hernandez-Divers
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602-7390 USA
| | - D. Martinez-Jimenez
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602-7390 USA
| | - S. Bush
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602-7390 USA
| | - K. S. Latimer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602-7390 USA
| | - P. Zwart
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Utrecht University; Yalelaan 1 3584 CL Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - E. J. B. Veldhuis Kroeze
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Utrecht University; Yalelaan 1 3584 CL Utrecht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Safranow K, Machoy Z. Simultaneous determination of 16 purine derivatives in urinary calculi by gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 819:229-35. [PMID: 15833286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection has been developed for the analysis of purines in urinary calculi. The method using gradient of methanol concentration and pH was able to separate 16 compounds: uric acid, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, allopurinol and oxypurinol as well as 10 methyl derivatives of uric acid or xanthine (1-, 3-, 7- and 9-methyluric acid, 1,3-, 1,7- and 3,7-dimethyluric acid, 1-, 3- and 7-methylxanthine). Limits of detection for individual compounds ranged from 0.006 to 0.035 mg purine/g of the stone weight and precision (CV%) was 0.5-2.4%. The method enabled us to detect in human uric acid stones admixtures of nine other purine derivatives: natural metabolites (hypoxanthine, xanthine, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine) and methylated purines (1-, 3- and 7-methyluric acid, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 3- and 7-methylxanthine) originating from the metabolism of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline and theobromine). The method allows simultaneous quantitation of all known purine constituents of urinary stones, including methylated purines, and may be used as a reference one for diagnosing disorders of purine metabolism and research on the pathogenesis of urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Poffers J, Lumeij JT, Redig PT. Investigations into the uricolytic properties of urate oxidase in a granivorous (Columba livia domestica) and in a carnivorous (Buteo jamaicensis) avian species. Avian Pathol 2002; 31:573-9. [PMID: 12593740 DOI: 10.1080/0307945021000024616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To study the uricolytic properties of urate oxidase in granivorous and carnivorous birds, experiments were conducted in pigeons (Columba livia domestica) and Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). Plasma concentrations of allantoin and uric acid were determined at various times in experimental groups before and after receiving 100, 200, and 600 U/kg urate oxidase once daily and were compared with controls. All regimens caused a significant decrease in plasma uric acid concentrations within 2 days after the first administration, when compared with controls. Furthermore, both doses used in Red-tailed Hawks (200 and 100 U/kg) caused a significant postprandial suppression of plasma uric acid concentrations. Plasma allantoin concentrations were significantly higher when compared with controls. The ability of urate oxidase to prevent the physiological postprandial hyperuricaemia in Red-tailed Hawks and to reduce plasma uric acid concentrations to undetectable levels, shows the great potential of this drug for treating avian hyperuricaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Poffers
- Division of Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Universiteit Utrecht, Yalelaan 8, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|