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Yusefinejad S, Gharibi D, Khosravi M, Mayahi M, Shapouri MRSA. Isolation, identification, antibiotic resistance profile and molecular analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal isolates from turkeys. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1490. [PMID: 38837675 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal (ORT) infects numerous birds, particularly chickens and turkeys. ORT is an emerging bacterial pathogen of global concern in the poultry industry. As ORT is rapidly spreading throughout commercial poultry, it requires intensive studies of its epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, molecular typing, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted in isolation and identification of ORT from slaughtered turkeys. METHODS Cleft palate swabs of 200 were collected from slaughtered turkeys and cultured on blood agar. ORT was characterized using biochemical tests and PCR targeting the ORT 16S rRNA gene. Virulence genes of isolates were determined targeting adenylate kinase (adk), copA and virulence-associated protein D (vapD) genes. Additionally, diversity of ORT isolates was performed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and RAPD PCR. Disk diffusion was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates. RESULTS ORT was identified in 23 (11.5%) samples using both the biochemical tests and PCR. The result of detecting virulence genes showed that all the isolates (23: 100%) had the adk gene, whereas two (8.7%) isolates had the copA gene, and seven (30.43%) isolates had the vapD gene. Molecular typing of isolates revealed 21 different patterns by RAPD PCR assay using M13 primer and 20 distinct patterns by ERIC PCR test. Both ERIC and RAPD PCR were distinctive methods for investigating the genetic diversity of ORT isolates. The antibiotic resistance test showed that 18 (78.26%) isolates were resistant to gentamicin, amikacin, cefazolin, streptomycin and penicillin. All isolates (100%) were resistant to cloxacillin and fosfomycin. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the prevalence of ORT in turkey and high resistance of this bacterium to many common veterinary antibiotics. Moreover, both ERIC and RAPD PCR are distinctive methods for investigating the genetic diversity of ORT isolates. These data may help monitor antibiotic resistance and typing of ORT in epidemiological studies and serve as the foundation for designing region-specific vaccines for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Yusefinejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Darioush Gharibi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Mayahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Krylova E, Bogomazova A, Kirsanova N, Putintseva A, Gorbacheva N, Prasolova O, Soltynskaya I, Ivanova O. Development and Validation of PCR Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Vet Sci 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 38250913 PMCID: PMC10819020 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PCR is the most effective method for detecting difficult-to-cultivate pathogens and pathogens that are part of mixed infections in animals, such as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, which causes bird ornithobacteriosis, or Avibacterium paragallinarum, which causes infectious coryza. In this work, we developed and validated two efficient and sensitive diagnostic assays for the rapid and accurate detection of A. paragallinarum and O. rhinotracheale DNA in bacterial isolates and clinical samples using real-time PCR with TaqMan-like probes. When designing the PCR assays, we performed in silico analysis, optimized DNA isolation methods and PCR conditions, and assessed the analytical and diagnostic performance of PCR. We designed primers and probes that have no mismatches with published whole-genome sequences of bacteria. The optimization of conditions showed that the PCR assays are sufficiently robust to changes in temperature and oligonucleotide concentration. The validation showed that the developed assays have high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. These assays are expected to improve the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in chickens and turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Krylova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Alexandra Bogomazova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA of Russia (Lopukhin FRCC PCM), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya Kirsanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Anastasiya Putintseva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Natalia Gorbacheva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Olga Prasolova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Irina Soltynskaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Olga Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed (VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.P.); (O.P.)
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El-Ghany WAA. An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. Open Vet J 2021; 11:555-568. [PMID: 35070850 PMCID: PMC8770186 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithobacteriosis is an important emerging respiratory disease of domestic and wild birds caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) bacterium. The disease has been detected in some countries since 1980, which rapidly spread worldwide later on. Ornithobacteriosis can transmit either horizontally or even vertically. Infection with ORT is mainly characterized by respiratory distress, poor performance, acute death, and a drop in egg production. However, the most characteristic necropsy lesions of dead turkeys and chickens are yoghurt like airsacculitis and pneumonia, usually unilateral. Unfortunately, infection with ORT was misdiagnosed in most of the poultry flocks due to similarity with other respiratory pathogens and the lack of the ideal protocols for diagnosis. Recently, some molecular and serological techniques have been used to detect the infection. Treatment of ORT with antibiotics is very difficult and variable as a result of acquired resistance. Many vaccines have been developed to counteract such infection in broiler, layers, and breeder chicken and turkey flocks. Inactivated, live, and sub-unit vaccines have been used with satisfactory results. Thus, this review paper aimed to address ornithobacteriosis, emphasizing the distribution, transmission, clinical picture, diagnosis, and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Borysevych BV, Dukhnytskyj VB, Tyshkivska AM, Tyshkivsky MY, Tyshkivska NV. Microscopic changes in the organs of broiler chickens with Ornithobacterium rhinotra-cheale infection. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays ornithobacteriosis is widespread among industrial poultry in Ukraine and the world. The disease leads to significant economic losses. The large variation in the serotypes of the bacteria complicates the treatment of the disease. The study of microscopic changes that occur in organs during ornithobacteriosis will help to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease development. Ornithobacteriosis was diagnosed in clinically sick broiler chickens by bacteriological studies using Maldi Tof mass-spectrometry. As a result of the antibiotic sensitivity test, the pathogen was found to be sensitive to doxycycline, tilmicosin, rifampicin, cefazolin, amoxiclav and benzylpenicillin. Histological studies of internal organs – trachea, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and spleen – were carried out. It was found that with spontaneous ornithobacteriosis of broiler chickens, the most expressive microscopic changes occur in the respiratory organs – the lungs and trachea and are characterized by a decrease in the lumen of the parabronchials due to edema of their walls and infiltration with lymphocytes, the absence of epithelium on the surface of the parabronchials, narrowing of the air capillaries of the parabronchial complexes, hemorrhages in the parenchyma of the parabronchial complexes, vasodilatation of the lung vessels and overflow of their blood vessels with blood cells, edema around the epithelium trachea, destruction of part of the tracheal mucosa epithelial cells, edema of its submucosa, expansion and overflow of blood vessels of the mucous membrane with blood cells. In the spleen there was a uniform diffuse edema of the parenchyma and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymphoid follicles; in the kidneys – expansion and overflow of the stroma blood vessels, uneven edema of the glomeruli of one part of the renal corpuscles and destruction of the glomeruli of another, granular degeneration of the convoluted and straight tubules of the kidneys; in the liver – edema, hemorrhage, violation of the hepatic lobules’ structure, expansion of the hepatic veins, granular degeneration of hepatocytes or their destruction; in the heart – edema of the myocardial interstitium, muscle fibers’ granular dystrophy, fragmentation of muscle fibers as a result of their rupture. Histological research of ORT infected chickens will lead to a better understanding the mechanism of pathological changes at the microscopic level, which will facilitate the development of more effective methods of treatment and prevention of the disease.
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Xue J, Lv C, He P, Xu M, Zhang G. Research Note: Serological investigation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in China. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4814-4817. [PMID: 32988517 PMCID: PMC7598332 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) has been associated with avian respiratory disease. On coinfection with other pathogens, ORT can cause serious health problems in avian species, leading to financial losses. To monitor the serologic prevalence of ORT in chicken flocks in China, 1,280 sera were collected to determine ORT antibodies among 64 flocks from 15 provinces of China using a commercial ELISA kit. The overall seroprevalence of ORT among the birds tested was 44.06%. In younger chickens, the serum positive rate was lower than that in older chickens, and with increased age, the serum positive rates increased. Older chickens had not only higher positive rates but also higher antibody levels. These data indicated that ORT infections were common in China. Because an ORT vaccine is currently not available, good disease management and biosecurity measures are required for effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Diagnostic & Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei He
- Diagnostic & Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiyu Xu
- Diagnostic & Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ghasemipour N, Goudarzi H, Banani M, Asasi K. Comparison of the first Iranian native Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale vaccine with conventional vaccine: A challenge study. Vet World 2020; 13:655-660. [PMID: 32546908 PMCID: PMC7245729 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.655-660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The best strategy to prevent or control an Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection is vaccination. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of the first Iranian inactivated ORT vaccine (Razi, Iran), which had been prepared from a native strain, with the Nobilis ORT Inac (Intervet, The Netherlands) through a challenge trial. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two 1-day-old specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens were used in this study. The birds were divided randomly into four groups. Following the vaccination and challenge of the birds, the efficacy of the Razi and the Intervet ORT vaccines was evaluated by serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods. Results: The antibody titer in vaccinated groups was determined to be significantly higher than unvaccinated birds. In addition, the difference in postmortem lesion scores between the vaccinated and unvaccinated birds was significant. The differences in the means of the antibody titers and postmortem lesion scores in birds that were vaccinated by the Razi and Intervet ORT vaccines were not significant. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Iranian native ORT vaccine was comparable to the Intervet vaccine. The Razi ORT vaccine has effectively decreased the duration of the ORT infection and can effectively protect the chickens against an ORT infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ghasemipour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Poultry Diseases Research Center, Veterinary School of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Goudarzi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Banani
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - K Asasi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Poultry Diseases Research Center, Veterinary School of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: An Update Review about An Emerging Poultry Pathogen. Vet Sci 2019; 7:vetsci7010003. [PMID: 31892160 PMCID: PMC7157751 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases in birds generate sanitary and economic impacts and may be related to the environment and climate. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Escherichia coli, Riemerella anatipestifer, and Bordetella avium are among the most important avian respiratory pathogens. ORT is responsible for causing ornitobacteriosis, a disease characterized by clinical signs ranging from mild to severe respiratory conditions, with high mortality rates, mainly affecting turkeys and chickens. The first report of ornitobacteriosis was in 1981 in Germany. Despite its importance, few studies on ORT have been published. In addition, the presence of this pathogen has been neglected in poultry farms, mainly due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic protocols. The lack of correct isolation and diagnostic protocols along with inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents have been contributing to treatment failure. Due to its economic importance to the poultry industry, ornitobacteriosis should be monitored and included in national programs for the prevention and control of avian respiratory diseases. This review aimed to update and discuss important issues related to ORT since this pathogen has great economic and sanitary implications for the chicken production chain.
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