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Sutherland M, Luk K, Courtman N, Ploeg R. Survey of the Clinical, Cytological, and Histopathological Features Associated with Neoplasms in Captive Avian Species in Melbourne, Australia. J Avian Med Surg 2023; 37:243-265. [PMID: 37962318 DOI: 10.1647/20-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Over a 3.5-year period, tissue samples from 141 companion and aviary birds with clinically suspected, naturally occurring solid neoplasms were collected via surgical biopsy (n = 53) or at necropsy examination (n = 88) from a population of birds presenting to an avian veterinary clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Neoplastic processes were identified in 73.7% (n = 104) of samples, with 83.7% (n = 87) being interpreted as malignant neoplasia and 16.3% (n = 17) being interpreted as benign neoplasia. The overall estimated prevalence of neoplasia in the study population (n = 5125) was 2.45% (95% confidence interval, 2-2.97%). The gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts were the most commonly affected systems. The most common presenting signs were nonspecific and included lethargy, coelomic distension, and inappetence. In 59 cases, fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) and impression smears were also obtained and evaluated cytologically. The accuracy of cytology for detecting neoplasia in birds and for determining whether a neoplastic process was benign or malignant was assessed by using histopathology as the "gold standard." There was complete agreement between the cytological and histopathological diagnoses in 72.8% (43/59) of cases. Cytology correctly identified 87.5% of these cases (35/40) as malignant neoplasms and 55.6% (5/9) as benign processes. There was no significant difference between the use of cytology and histopathology for the detection of malignant neoplasia in birds (P = 0.185). The accuracies of FNAs and impression smears for examining avian tumors were also compared. Overall, the best cell preservation was obtained by performing impression smears from tissues, with 62.2% (n = 28) returning high cellularity for cytological examination, compared to 53.8% (n = 14) when samples were obtained by FNA. This study provides an overview of the types and prevalence of neoplasms in a captive bird population from Australia, correlates physical examination findings with tumor types, and provides evidence that cytology is a reliable preliminary diagnostic tool for detecting neoplasia in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathy Luk
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Natalie Courtman
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Richard Ploeg
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
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2
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Fiddes KR, Williams SM, Sellers H, Thomas I, LaDouceur EEB. Presumed Spontaneous Astrocytoma in a Domestic Backyard Chicken. Avian Dis 2023; 67:209-211. [PMID: 37556301 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A cerebral tumor was identified in an adult female domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus). On gross examination, the cut surface of the cerebrum revealed a poorly circumscribed, pale tan soft mass within the thalamus and midbrain. On histologic examination, there was an unencapsulated, multilobulated neoplasm composed of spindle cells on a loose fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells had variably distinct cell borders, abundant fibrillar eosinophilic cytoplasm, oval nuclei with finely stippled chromatin, and 1-2 distinct nucleoli. There was moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis with <1 mitoses per 2.37 mm2. The morphologic features of the neoplastic cells were consistent with an astrocytic neoplasm. PCR was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of brain tissue, which was negative for subgroup A avian leukosis virus. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a presumed spontaneous astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly Sellers
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ivy Thomas
- North Central Animal Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85021
| | - Elise E B LaDouceur
- Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Zoetis Reference Laboratories, Louisville, KY 40213
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3
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Musashi-1 and miR-147 Precursor Interaction Mediates Synergistic Oncogenicity Induced by Co-Infection of Two Avian Retroviruses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203312. [PMID: 36291177 PMCID: PMC9600308 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergism between avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) has been reported frequently in co-infected chicken flocks. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the tumorigenesis mechanisms of ALV and REV, how these two simple oncogenic retroviruses induce synergistic oncogenicity remains unclear. In this study, we found that ALV-J and REV synergistically promoted mutual replication, suppressed cellular senescence, and activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Mechanistically, structural proteins from ALV-J and REV synergistically activated the expression of Musashi-1(MSI1), which directly targeted pri-miR-147 through its RNA binding site. This inhibited the maturation of miR-147, which relieved the inhibition of NF-κB/KIAA1199/EGFR signaling, thereby suppressing cellular senescence and activating EMT. We revealed a synergistic oncogenicity mechanism induced by ALV-J and REV in vitro. The elucidation of the synergistic oncogenicity of these two simple retroviruses could help in understanding the mechanism of tumorigenesis in ALV-J and REV co-infection and help identify promising molecular targets and key obstacles for the joint control of ALV-J and REV and the development of clinical technologies.
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Böhm B, Bilic I, Brüggemann J, Nishiura H, Ochiai K. Clinically Manifesting, Naturally Occurring Fowl Glioma in a Leghorn Chicken in Germany. Avian Dis 2022; 66:119-123. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-21-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Böhm
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Senator-Gerauer-Straße 23, 85586 Poing, Germany
| | - Ivana Bilic
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Brüggemann
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Senator-Gerauer-Straße 23, 85586 Poing, Germany
| | - Hayate Nishiura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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5
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Pinzón-Osorio CA, Ávila-Coy J, Gomez AP, Marcela Álvarez-Mira D. Rhabdoid melanoma in a harpy eagle ( Harpia harpyja). Vet Anim Sci 2021; 13:100184. [PMID: 34189340 PMCID: PMC8217705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 28-year-old male harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) with a history of anorexia, hyporexia, lethargy, and progressive weight loss was found dead and submitted for post-mortem examination. Gross findings include dark brown discolouration of testes and lungs; the testes were bilaterally enlarged, glistening brown-grey to blackish in appearance, firm, smooth, and multilobulated. The lungs contained a mass with similar features to the testicles, irregularly shaped with multiple nodules. Histology of testis showed round, polygonal and pleomorphic cells, containing melanin pigments and a typical eosinophilic vacuole in their cytoplasm and with severe pleomorphism. An immunohistochemistry panel with Melan-A, vimentin, CK AE1/AE/3, MUM-1 and CD-68 were performed, yielding a positive reaction for Melan-A and vimentin. The morphology of the tumour cells, the presence of melanin pigment and the immunoreactivity for Melan-A and vimentin by the cells led to a diagnosis of rhabdoid melanoma. This is the first case of this pathology in the testis with lung metastasis in a harpy eagle.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Pinzón-Osorio
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
| | - Jersson Ávila-Coy
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
| | - Arlen P Gomez
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Álvarez-Mira
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
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6
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Hamm CA, Hampe O, Schwarz D, Witzmann F, Makovicky PJ, Brochu CA, Reiter R, Asbach P. A comprehensive diagnostic approach combining phylogenetic disease bracketing and CT imaging reveals osteomyelitis in a Tyrannosaurus rex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18897. [PMID: 33144637 PMCID: PMC7642268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional palaeontological techniques of disease characterisation are limited to the analysis of osseous fossils, requiring several lines of evidence to support diagnoses. This study presents a novel stepwise concept for comprehensive diagnosis of pathologies in fossils by computed tomography imaging for morphological assessment combined with likelihood estimation based on systematic phylogenetic disease bracketing. This approach was applied to characterise pathologies of the left fibula and fused caudal vertebrae of the non-avian dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. Initial morphological assessment narrowed the differential diagnosis to neoplasia or infection. Subsequent data review from phylogenetically closely related species at the clade level revealed neoplasia rates as low as 3.1% and 1.8%, while infectious-disease rates were 32.0% and 53.9% in extant dinosaurs (birds) and non-avian reptiles, respectively. Furthermore, the survey of literature revealed that within the phylogenetic disease bracket the oldest case of bone infection (osteomyelitis) was identified in the mandible of a 275-million-year-old captorhinid eureptile Labidosaurus. These findings demonstrate low probability of a neoplastic aetiology of the examined pathologies in the Tyrannosaurus rex and in turn, suggest that they correspond to multiple foci of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Greifswald University Hospital, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - O Hampe
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Schwarz
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Witzmann
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - P J Makovicky
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - C A Brochu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - R Reiter
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - P Asbach
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Pinzón-Osorio CA, Gomez AP, Álvarez-Mira DM. Bilateral osteoma cutis in a Peach-Faced Lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:536-540. [PMID: 32238670 PMCID: PMC7273612 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An osteoma is an infrequent tumor documented in avian species. An adult female Peach-Faced Lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) with a history of previous trauma was examined due to the presence of bilateral hard and yellowish-white masses in the radio-cubital humerus junction. Histopathological dermal examination revealed a non-neoplastic process of mesenchymal origin, characterized by the formation of well-differentiated trabecular bone, multiple areas of medullary bone and loose connective tissue and coagulation of the necrosis foci. Based on the histological findings and the medical history, the masses were diagnosed as bilateral secondary osteoma cutis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this pathology with an acute course in this exotic pet bird. The previous trauma could be the initiating cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Pinzón-Osorio
- Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
| | - Arlen Patricia Gomez
- Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Álvarez-Mira
- Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
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8
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Samkange A, Mushonga B, Kandiwa E, Bishi AS, Segwagwe BV, Muradzikwa E. A feather cyst causing vertebral bone lysis and spinal cord compression in a Lohmann Brown layer. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v91i1.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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9
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Blakey J, Crispo M, Bickford A, Stoute S. Liposarcoma in a Backyard Silkie and Retrospective Summary of Neoplasms Diagnosed in Backyard Chickens Submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 2008-2017. Avian Dis 2019; 62:124-129. [PMID: 29620466 DOI: 10.1637/11782-121217-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liposarcomas are a malignant neoplasm of adipocytes, and are rarely diagnosed in avian species. This case report describes the evidence supporting a diagnosis of metastatic liposarcoma in a backyard silkie chicken. On September 28, 2017, a dead 3-yr-old backyard silkie chicken, with a history of unknown skin lesions involving the entire body and severe weight loss, was submitted to California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System-Turlock branch for necropsy. At necropsy, raised necrotic lesions involving the majority of the skin and multiple nodules in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow were noticed. Microscopically, stellate, spindle, and myxoid cells containing large vacuoles, which were confirmed as lipid droplets by Oil Red O, were observed infiltrating the dermis and underlying a necrotic epidermis, with metastasis to liver, spleen, bone marrow, and ovary being the most significant findings. PAS, Oil Red O, Ziehl-Neelsen, Congo red, Gram, and Von Kossa stains, along with immunohistochemistry for pan cytokeratin, vimentin, S100, CD3, pp38, and Meq were used to classify the lesions. Intensely positive vimentin immunohistochemistry, along with large quantities of Oil Red O-positive lipid droplets within the neoplastic cells, were supportive of our diagnosis of liposarcoma. The incidence of neoplastic diseases diagnosed in backyard flock submissions to CAHFS system wide from 2008 to 2017 was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blakey
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Manuela Crispo
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Arthur Bickford
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Simone Stoute
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
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10
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Barbosa L, Tom D, Han S. Successful resection of an osteoma in a great horned owl ( Bubo virginianus) with subsequent lack of regional feather regrowth. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Duane Tom
- California Wildlife CenterCalabasasCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sushan Han
- Department of MicrobiologyDiagnostic Medicine CenterColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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11
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Disease surveillance in England and Wales, June 2018. Vet Rec 2018; 183:11-15. [PMID: 29976710 DOI: 10.1136/vr.k2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Senter P, Juengst SL. Record-Breaking Pain: The Largest Number and Variety of Forelimb Bone Maladies in a Theropod Dinosaur. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149140. [PMID: 26909701 PMCID: PMC4765892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone abnormalities are common in theropod dinosaur skeletons, but before now no specimen was known with more than four afflicted bones of the pectoral girdle and/or forelimb. Here we describe the pathology of a specimen of the theropod dinosaur Dilophosaurus wetherilli with eight afflicted bones of the pectoral girdle and forelimb. On its left side the animal has a fractured scapula and radius and large fibriscesses in the ulna and the proximal thumb phalanx. On its right side the animal has abnormal torsion of the humeral shaft, bony tumors on the radius, a truncated distal articular surface of metacarpal III, and angular deformities of the first phalanx of the third finger. Healing and remodeling indicates that the animal survived for months and possibly years after its ailments began, but its right third finger was permanently deformed and lacked the capability of flexion. The deformities of the humerus and the right third finger may be due to developmental osteodysplasia, a condition known in extant birds but unreported in non-avian dinosaurs before now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Senter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara L. Juengst
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
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13
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Schnellbacher RW, Carpenter JW. Rectal adenocarcinoma. J Avian Med Surg 2014; 28:174-7. [PMID: 25115047 DOI: 10.1647/2013-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Cardoso JFR, Levy MGB, Liparisi F, Romão MAP. Osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva). J Avian Med Surg 2014; 27:218-21. [PMID: 24344513 DOI: 10.1647/2012-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoma is an uncommon bone formation documented in avian species and other animals. A blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) with clinical respiratory symptoms was examined because of a hard mass present on the left nostril. Radiographs suggested a bone tumor, and the mass was surgically excised. Histopathologic examination revealed features of an osteoma. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot. Osteoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in birds with respiratory distress and swelling of the nostril.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Felipe Rito Cardoso
- Cell Proliferation Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Monte Alegre, CEP:14049-900, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Liparisi
- Laboratory of Anatomic-Pathology, Anhanguera Educational, Cabuçu Street, CEP: 24859-640, Itaborai - RJ, Brazil
| | - Mario Antonio Pinto Romão
- Departament of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Fluminense Federal University, Vital Brazil Filho Street, 64, CEP: 24230-340, Vital Brazil, Niteroi RJ, Brazil
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Dinev I. Enzootic outbreak and spontaneous regression of keratoacanthomas in a commercial layer flock. Acta Vet Hung 2013; 61:366-75. [PMID: 23921348 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2013.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports an enzootic outbreak and spontaneous regression of keratoacanthomas among adult layer hens with lesions on the skin of the legs. The observations were performed in a flock of 55,000 commercial layers (50,000 Lohmann White and 5,000 Lohmann Brown). At the age of 30 weeks, Lohmann White layers exhibited a number of growths (at an average of 60 hens per week, representing 0.1% of the flock) in the region of leg toes on a daily basis over 28 weeks that regressed during the remaining flock production period. Gross and histological investigations identified the lesions as keratoacanthomas. PCR analysis was negative for avian leukosis virus (ALV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The present investigations have revealed an unusual case: this is the first report on an enzootic outbreak of multiple keratoacanthomas in commercial layers. The results of the aetiological investigations do not show a relation to any infectious agent or a chemical-toxic cause. The abnormal invasion of keratinocytes from the stratum corneum leading to neoplasms in this case coincides with the phase of peak laying capacity which is in fact a stress factor and might be regarded as a provocative moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dinev
- 1 Trakia University Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 6000 Stara Zagora Bulgaria
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16
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Dittmer KE, French AF, Thompson DJ, Buckle KN, Thompson KG. Primary Bone Tumors in Birds: A Review and Description of Two New Cases. Avian Dis 2012; 56:422-6. [DOI: 10.1637/9854-071911-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Williams SM, Zavala G, Hafner S, Collett SR, Cheng S. Metastatic melanomas in young broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Vet Pathol 2011; 49:288-91. [PMID: 21825310 DOI: 10.1177/0300985811415706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Four young broiler chickens affected by multiple melanotic tumors are described. Grossly, there were multiple tumors composed of melanocytes within the skin, skeletal muscle, and multiple visceral organs. Tumors ranged from flattened macules to masses that extensively replaced viscera. Microscopically, melanocytes were often well pigmented, and while there was moderate nuclear anisokaryosis, mitotic rates were low. Immunohistochemical staining of some melanomas with antibodies to S100 proteins, Melan-A, vimentin, or neuron-specific enolase after bleaching of tumor cells with potassium permanganate revealed lack of immunostaining of tumor cells with antibodies to S100, strong positive staining of tumor cells for neuron-specific enolase, moderate staining with antibodies to vimentin, and faint staining for Melan-A. Only neuron-specific enolase staining was evident in unbleached tumor cells. Attempts to identify exogenous avian leukosis viruses in these tumors were unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Williams
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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18
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Zafra R, Pérez J, Mozos E, Galka M, Bautista MJ. Concurrent pulmonary adenocarcinoma and silicate pneumoconiosis in a red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa). Avian Dis 2011; 55:128-32. [PMID: 21500649 DOI: 10.1637/9462-071410-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An adult red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) presented with concurrent pulmonary carcinoma and severe silicosis. The animal was submitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Córdoba (Spain) because of respiratory signs, and it died during clinical examination. At postmortem examination, numerous firm, whitish to yellowish nodules involving the lungs, mainly the right lobe, were found. The histopathologic study revealed numerous peribronchiolar large granulomatous lesions composed of macrophages, which showed abundant cytoplasm containing numerous birefringent crystals identified as silicates by transmission electron microscopy. An epithelial neoplasm showing papillary, acinar, and solid patterns occupied large areas of the pulmonary parenchyma. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical features were consistent with a pulmonary carcinoma. Small tumor nests were often located close to the granulomatous lesions. This is the first report of concurrent pneumoconiosis and pulmonary carcinoma in a nonhuman species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zafra
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-C:diz km. 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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19
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Williams SM, Barbosa T, Hafner S, Zavala G. Myxosarcomas associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup A infection in fancy breed chickens. Avian Dis 2011; 54:1319-22. [PMID: 21313858 DOI: 10.1637/9400-052110-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed suspect tumors were submitted to the Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center at the University of Georgia (Athens, GA) for diagnosis. Samples were from fancy breed chickens with a history of increased tumor prevalence in both hens and roosters. Microscopically, in all the samples, there were neoplastic proliferations of spindle-shaped cells. The matrix surrounding tumor cells stained positively with Alcian blue at pH 2.5, but neoplastic cells did not stain with periodic acid-Schiff. Immunohistochemistry stains were positive for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase and negative for desmin, smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein. Tumors were determined to be myxosarcomas. All samples were positive for PCR targeting the gp85 avian leukosis virus (ALV) envelope protein. However, analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences in the envelope gene from three separate samples showed high similarity between them and to ALV subgroup A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Williams
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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20
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Morphological and immunohistochemical observations on leiomyoma of the ventral ligament of the oviduct of the hen. J Comp Pathol 2010; 144:180-6. [PMID: 20970812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyomas of the ventral ligament (LVLs) of the oviduct from 2-year-old spent layers were examined. These tumours can be present either as single large masses or as multiple smaller nodules. The most common site of origin of the tumours was the centre of the free margin of the ventral ligament, but some small tumours were observed at the insertion of this ligament into the magnum of the oviduct. Most samples were highly vascular and some blood vessels within the tumours had vacuolation of the smooth muscle cells. These findings suggest that the proliferative processes leading to LVLs may include transformation of the blood vessels of the ventral ligament. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells expressed vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, desmin and heavy-caldesmon. These avian leiomyomas have been proposed as a model for similar tumours in other species.
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Freeman KP, Hahn KA, Jones MP, Petersen MG, Toal RL. Unusual presentation of an Amazon parrot (Amazonaspecies) with hepatocellular carcinoma. Avian Pathol 2010; 28:203-6. [DOI: 10.1080/03079459994948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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YUI T, TANIMURA N, SHIBAHARA T, TAKAGI Y, TAKEYA M, WATANABE Y, KUBO M. Primary Intestinal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma in an Edward's Pheasant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.12935/jvma.63.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi YUI
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Saitama Prefecture
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23
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Garner MM, Latimer KS, Mickley KA, Ritzman TK, Nordhausen RW. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features of a unique pulmonary tumor in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus): six cases. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:1100-8. [PMID: 19605913 DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0136-g-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A unique form of pulmonary malignancy develops in cockatiels. This report describes the gross, histologic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of this tumor in 6 cockatiels. DNA in-situ hybridization for polyomavirus in the neoplasm was also performed. The tumor was comprised predominantly of compact sheets of anaplastic round to polygonal cells. All tumors had a high mitotic index, and had occasional large clear to slightly basophilic intranuclear inclusions that caused peripheral dispersal or complete masking of chromatin. Tumors were invasive but convincing metastases were not observed. Transmission electron microscopy identified intracytoplasmic intermediate filaments, desmosomes between cells, and intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations corresponding to the intranuclear inclusions in light microscopic sections. Neoplastic cells stained positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and in 1 bird, pan cytokeratin. All 6 pulmonary neoplasms were negative for avian polyomavirus using the FN-19/FN-40 cocktail and the long VP-1 probe. We propose that these tumors may be poorly differentiated carcinomas of pulmonary or thymic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Garner
- Northwest ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272, USA.
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24
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Diagnostic Challenge. J Exot Pet Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Mutinelli F, Corro' M, Catania S, Melchiotti E. Multiple feather follicle cysts in a Moroseta hen (Gallus gallus). Avian Dis 2008; 52:345-7. [PMID: 18646468 DOI: 10.1637/8153-101907-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An 8-month-old white feathered, black skinned Moroseta hen was presented for examination because of numerous 2 mm- to 30 mm-diameter irregularly shaped, hard nodules in the skin of the head, wings, back, and abdomen. The nodules were confined to the skin and did not involve subcutaneous tissues. Nodules consisted of dilated feather follicles packed with a caseous tan-to-pale-yellow material admixed with feather remnants. Histologically, affected feather follicles were markedly dilated and filled with laminated keratin debris. Necrosis of the epidermis and perifollicular lymphocyte infiltration was also present. Bacteriologic investigation of internal organs was negative, while secondary bacteria, Proteus spp. and Bacillus spp., were isolated from skin nodules. A concomitant lice infestation of Menopon spp., as well as leg mange caused by Cnemidocoptes spp., were also present. These bacterial isolates and parasites were not related to the disease condition. The condition observed was differentiated from benign feather follicle tumors, and a diagnosis of multiple feather follicle cysts was made. In addition, a breed predisposition was hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Mutinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università, 10-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy.
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Gulbahar MY, Ozak A, Guvenç T, Yarim M. Retrobulbar rhabdomyosarcoma in a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Avian Pathol 2006; 34:486-8. [PMID: 16537163 DOI: 10.1080/03079450500368243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a retrobulbar rhabdomyosarcoma in a 7-year-old male budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The bird was presented with orbital distension and exophthalmia of the left eye and died during surgery. Necropsy revealed a tan to grey retrobulbar mass compressing all components of the left eye with obscured vision. In histopathological examination, the mass was composed of sheets of spindle-shaped cells with pleomorphic nuclei, numerous bizarre mitotic figures and mononucleated or multinucleated giant cells and also typically strap cells. Neoplastic cells had no cross-striations in sections stained by phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin. The tumour cells did not invade surrounding tissues, including the retina, and there was no metastasis to other organs. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for desmin, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin, but were negative for S-100 protein and pancytokeratin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Gulbahar
- Department of Pathology, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Kurupelit 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
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Alfonso M, Adochiles L, Hendrickson VM, Carver DK, Rodriguez GC, Barnes HJ. Metastatic adenocarcinoma in the lungs of older laying hens. Avian Dis 2006; 49:430-2. [PMID: 16252501 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2005)49[430:maitlo]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As part of a study on ovarian and oviductal adenocarcinomas in older laying hens, 676 commercial egg-laying chickens were necropsied at 4 yr of age. Tumors were identified in 305 (45.1%) of the hens. Grossly visible metastatic tumors in the lungs of a few birds prompted collection of lungs from 228 affected hens for histologic examination. Metastatic adenocarcinomas were identified histologically in the lungs of 42 of the 228 hens (18.4%). The number of tumors and extent of involvement of the lung parenchyma varied from minimal to extensive. Tumor emboli were occasionally seen in pulmonary vessels. Metastatic foci showing expansive or invasive growth were identified. These findings indicate that vascular spread of adenocarcinomas is more common than previously thought in chickens, and the lungs are often involved with metastatic tumors, primarily from the reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alfonso
- Poultry Health Management, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Razmyar J, Dezfoulian O, Shojadoost B, Masoudifard M, Peighambari SM. Sertoli Cell Tumor in a Pigeon (Columba livia). J Avian Med Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1647/2004-016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ono M, Tsukamoto K, Tanimura N, Haritani M, Kimura KM, Suzuki G, Okuda Y, Sato S. An Epizootic of Subcutaneous Tumors Associated with Subgroup A Avian Leukosis/Sarcoma Virus in Young Layer Chickens. Avian Dis 2004; 48:940-6. [PMID: 15666879 DOI: 10.1637/7162-020204r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of subcutaneous tumors in young layer chickens in a flock in Japan was investigated. Tumors appeared as extensive swelling or bulbous protrusions of the integument and were observed in the head or wing of chickens approximately 9 wk old, with a prevalence of 0.4% (157 of 42,000) in the affected flock. Histologically, two types of tumor were observed: myxoma containing abundant hyaluronic acid and neurofibroma with hyperplasia of the Herbst corpuscles. Ultrastructurally, type C retroviruses, such as viral particles, were found in the tumors. The tumors were specifically stained by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against the subgroup A avian leukosis/sarcoma virus (ALSV) and yielded a positive reaction to primers specific for subgroup A ALSV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. The virus was isolated from the tumors. Seventeen of 20 clinically normal chickens in the affected flock showed antibodies against ALSV. These results suggest that subcutaneous tumors are associated with subgroup A ALSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Ono
- JA Zen-noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Institute of Animal Health, 7 Ohja-machi, Sakura, Chiba 285-0043, Japan
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Yamamoto S, Fukui D, Yokota T, Hikita M, Ishikawa Y, Shibahara T, Kadota K. Pathological study of naturally occurring adenocarcinomas demonstrating differentiation in ducks. Avian Pathol 2004; 33:581-5. [PMID: 15763726 DOI: 10.1080/03079450400013238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Case 1, a mucinous adenocarcinoma, was in the pancreas of a 5-year-old male mandarin duck. The tumour comprised a single layer of duct-like structures with abundant fibrous stroma. The neoplastic cells produced a large amount of mucin, and dense or moderately dense mucin granules were observed ultrastructurally. Case 2 was a 1-year-old male mandarin duck, which had a type II pneumocytoid carcinoma within the thoracic air sacs. Light microscopy revealed papillary growths composed of stratified neoplastic epithelium. At the ultrastructural level, the tumour cells had osmiophilic lamellar granules in the cytoplasm. Case 3, a ciliated cell adenocarcinoma with squamous metaplasia, was detected in the right lung of a 2-year-old male domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos forma domestica). The neoplasm consisted of tubular structures with areas of squamous differentiation in places. The presence of cilia was confirmed by electron microscopy. The three adenocarcinomas appeared high-grade or moderate-grade malignant tumours in some aspects, but showed granules or cilia that are suggestive of their origin. The presence of cells retaining the capacity for differentiating into well-differentiated cells may be characteristic of sporadically occurring avian adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Kushiro Livestock Hygiene Service Centre, 127 Otanoshike, Kushiro 084-0917, Japan
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Rambaud YF, Flach EJ, Freeman KP. Malignant melanoma in a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti). Vet Rec 2003; 153:217-8. [PMID: 12956301 DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.7.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Feltrer Rambaud
- Veterinary Science Unit, Institute of Zoology, Whipsnade Wild Animal Park, Dunstable, Bedfordshire LU6 2LF
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32
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